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I 


THE  MEDICAL  ANNALS 
OF  MARYLAND 


1799-1899 


Prepared  for  the  Centennial  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 


BY 


EUGENE   FAUNTLEROY  CORDELL,  M.D 


Baltimore,  1903 


COPYRIGHT,    1903,    BY 

THE   MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL   FACULTY 

OF  THE    STATE    OF   MARYLAND 


PRESS   OF 

WILLIAMS     &     WILKINS     COMPANY 

BALTIMORE 


COMMITTEE  ON  CENTENNIAL  VOLUME. 


WM.  OSLER,  M.D. 
THOS.  A.  ASHBY,  M.D. 
HARRY  FRIEDENWALD,  M.D. 
HENRY  M.  HURD,  M.D. 
GEO.  J.  PRESTON,  M.D. 


CONTENTS. 


Preface 5-7 

History 9-296 

Biography 297-637 

Chronology 639-732 

Appendix 733-853 

Presidents 733 

Secretaries 734 

Treasurers 734 

Stock,  etc 734 

Library  ....        735 

Licenses 737 

Memoirs, 738 

Upton  Scott 738 

John  Archer 746 

Ennalls  Martin 752 

John  Crawford 758 

John  D.  Godman 771 

Horatio  Gates  Jameson 779 

George  Frick 795 

William  Gibson 802 

Charles  Frick ' 807 

Nathan  Ryno  Smith 818 

Christopher  Johnston 835 

Francis  Donaldson 842 

Members  Admitted  Since  1899 849-853 

Index 855-886 

Errata,  Corrections,  etc 887-889 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Maryland  Hospital — Frontispiece.  p^^j. 

Henry  Stevenson 30 

Upton  Scott 62 

Charles  F.  Wiesenthal     86 

John  Archer no 

Medical  Hall I34 

Dr.  Archer's  Diploma 158 

John  Crawford 182 

Philip  Thomas 206 

Charles  A.  Warfield 230 

Ennalls  Martin 254 

George  Buchanan 278 

John  B.  Davidge 302 

Morgan  Brown 326 

Tristram  Thomas 350 

James  Smith 374 

Robert  Goldsborough 398 

Ashton  Alexander 422 

Horatio  G.  Jameson 446 

Samuel  Baker 478 

Peregrine  Wroth 510 

George  Frick      542 

John  D.  Godman 574 

Richard  S.  Steuart 606 

Nathan  R.  Smith 630 

Joshua  I.  Cohen 654 

J.  R.  W.  Dunbar 686 

John  R.  Quinan 718 

Christopher  Johnston 750 

Charles  Frick 782 

Frick  Room 814 

Frank  Donaldson 846 


PREFACE. 


By  reference  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty  for  the  year  1898,  p.  63,  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
preparation  of  the  following  volume  formed  part  of  the  plan 
then  adopted  for  the  due  celebration  and  commemoration  of 
the  Centennial  of  the  Faculty.  The  title  selected  for  the  work 
was  "The  Medical  Annals  of  Maryland,"  and  as  Dr.  John  R. 
Quinan  had  made  extensive  investigations  in  the  same  field, 
his  book  was  taken  as  the  basis  for  the  present  volume.  The 
extensive  MS.  additions  made  by  him  for  the  proposed  second 
edition  of  his  work,  "The  Medical  Annals  of  Baltimore,"  were 
fortunately  available  and  were  turned  over  to  the  writer,  who 
was  selected  to  prepare  the  enlarged  "Annals."  In  the  original 
plan,  it  was  intended  to  have  the  proceedings  of  the  centennial 
meeting  included  in  this  work,  but  owing  to  the  unfinished 
condition  of  the  latter  at  the  time  of  the  publication  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  centennial  year,  and  the  delay  such  an 
arrangement  would  have  caused  in  the  appearance  of  the 
Transactions,  this  proved  to  be  impossible.  By  reference  to 
the  following  pages,  however,  it  will  be  seen  that  a  very  full 
synopsis  of  the  proceedings  of  the  centennial  meeting  is  given, 
including  copious  abstracts  of  all  the  addresses  made  upon 
that  memorable  occasion. 

The  plan  of  this  work  embraces  three  divisions:  (i)  An  his- 
torical section,  (2)  a  biographical  section,  (3)  a  chronological 
section.     The  first  deals  with  the  annals  of  the  Society  during 


PREFACE 

its  century  of  existence,  with  some  notice  of  earlier  efforts  at 
organization  in  the  State.  The  second  includes  all  who  have, 
at  any  time  so  far  as  the  records  show,  been  members  of  the 
Society — about  2400  in  all.  During  the  first  forty  years  of 
its  existence  the  law  required  all  physicians  practicing  in  the 
State  to  obtain  the  license  of  the  Faculty,  hence  the  member- 
ship during  that  period  included  practically  the  entire  pro- 
fession of  the  State.  Information  for  this  section  has  been 
sought  in  a  thousand  sources,  and  an  extensive  correspond- 
ence has  been  carried  on  with  every  section  of  the  State,  and 
even  beyond  it,  for  the  past  five  years.  Notwithstanding  these 
persistent  and  protracted  efforts,  many  names,  as  will  be  seen, 
appear  with  no  additions.  This  paucity  of  information  is  par- 
ticularly to  be  deplored  regarding  many  of  the  loi  founders, 
not  only  because  of  their  peculiar  relations  to  the  Society,  but 
because  of  their  high  standing  in  the  State,  as  they  were  chosen 
on  account  of  their  prominence  and  representative  character, 

•  In  the  third  part  extensive  use  has  been  made  of  Quinan's 
chronology,  such  additions  being  made  to  it  as  to  bring  it 
down  to  the  centennial  year.  And  here  the  writer  would  take 
occasion  to  make  acknowledgment  of  the  value  and  extent 
of  the  historical  researches  of  the  late  Dr.  John  R.  Quinan, 
whose  unrequited  labors,  extending  over  so  many  years,  have 
become  the  valued  inheritance  of  us,  his  successors. 

To  the  Committee  in  charge  of  this  volume,  Drs.  Osier, 
Friedenwald,  Ashby,  Hurd  and  Preston,  the  writer  desires  to 
express  his  thanks  for  their  cordial  cooperation  and  generous 
support.  To  the  many,  both  within  and  without  the  profession, 
who  have  assisted  with  the  biographical  section,  he  is  under  the 
(deepest  obligations.    Especial  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  Henry  M. 

Hurd,  who  throughout  the  preparation  of  the  volume,  has  con- 


PREFACE 

tributed  his  valuable  time  and  advice  in  the  most  generous 
manner. 

And  now  the  author  leaves  his  work  for  the  perusal  and  final 
judgment  of  his  medical  colleagues  and  of  posterity.  He  has 
striven  to  produce  a  volume  which  will,  for  all  time  to  come, 
be  regarded  as  authoritative  in  all  matters  relating  to  the 
medical  history  of  the  State.  He  cannot,  of  course,  expect  iu 
such  a  work  to  have  avoided  error,  nor  does  he  expect  to  escape 
criticism.  Whatever  the  judgment  be,  however,  regarding  the 
merits  of  the  volume,  he  can  claim  this,  that  he  has  endeavored 
to  be  strictly  impartial  and  to  state  only  the  truth. 

In  conclusion,  the  author  would  recall  this  interesting  aspect 
of  his  work :  that  it  will  form  a  medium  between  us  who  are 
now  living  and  breathing  and  inheriting  the  land,  and  all  the 
future  generations  of  Maryland  physicians.  For  in  these  pages 
we  shall  live  again  with  them,  and  they,  as  they  read,  will  feel 
our  heart  throbs  and  sympathize  with  our  feelings,  our  hopes, 
our  aspirations,  long  after  we  have  returned  to  our  mother 
earth,  and  our  last  resting  place  be  forgotten.    And 

"So  shall  we  glide  down  to  the  sea 
Of  fathomless  eternity." 


THE  MEDICAL  ANNALS  OF  MARYLAND 

PREPARED  FOR 

THE  MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 
OF  MARYLAND 


HISTORY. 

The  principle  of  cooperation  is  as  old  as  human  history. 
In  aU  ages  of  the  world  men,  engaged  in  the  same  objects  and 
pursuits,  have  united  together  for  purposes  of  mutual  advan- 
tage or  protection.  It  is  in  modern  times,  however,  that  the 
imperative  claims  of  the  principle  have  been  especially  recog- 
nized and  its  practice  enforced ;  so  that  in  every  field  of  human 
effort  and  industry  the  individual  worker  is  considered  but  a 
fraction  of  a  grand  whole,  representing,  in  some  way,  the 
influence,  the  interest  and  the  activity  of  each  of  its  several, 
often  multitudinous,  components.  In  no  department  is  union 
productive  of  more  important  and  varied  results  than  in  that 
to  which  we  belong.  For  whilst  in  the  case  of  others  the 
objects  sought  are  almost  exclusively  selfish,  relating  almost 
solely  to  the  narrow  field  in  which  they  themselves  operate,  we 
are  equally — indeed,  I  may  truthfully  say,  most — concerned 
with  the  good  of  others.  The  protection  of  the  health  and 
lives  of  our  fellow-men  is  our  greatest  concern.  In  seeking 
to  subserve  that  purpose,  we- are  continually  going  counter  to 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

our  own  interests.  We  must  always  find  our  living  in  dis- 
ease and  suffering,  and  yet  it  is  our  continual  object  and  effort 
to  eradicate  these  from  existence.  Instead  of  welcoming  them 
as  our  friends  and  allies,  we  are  striving  with  all  our  faculties 
and  energies  to  limit  their  operation.  We  pursue  disease  to 
its  favorite  haunts,  its  most  secret  recesses ;  with  disregard  of 
ourselves,  we  investigate  its  causes,  we  study  their  mode  of 
origin,  their  development  and  their  avenues  of  distribution 
and  transmission,  and  we  seek  out,  with  infinite  care  and  labor, 
the  agents  best  adapted  for  destroying  them  and  limiting  their 
operation.  As  prevention  is  better,  more  easily  secured  and 
more  certain  than  cure,  our  efforts  are  increasingly  directed 
to  that,  and  in  no  respect  does  modern  medicine  contrast  so 
strongly  with  that  of  former  times  as  in  the  marvelous  progress 
made  in  this  field.  It  is  especially  in  that  large  class  of  affec- 
tions known  as  infectious,  and  so  often  prevailing  in  epidemic 
form,  that  the  beneficent  powers  of  the  physician  are  seen. 
To  prevent  these,  and  to  limit  their  activity  when  present,  con- 
stitute the  highest  aims  of  our  greatest  intellects.  What  we 
have  accomplished  in  this  direction,  and  also  in  the  actual  cure 
of  disease,  is  well  known  to  ourselves,  at  least,  if  not  so  well 
known  and  appreciated  by  the  public  at  large.  Diseases 
which  once  ravaged  the  world  have  almost  ceased  to  exist, 
others  have  been  shorn  of  their  powers  or  brought  under 
our  control.  Nor  are  these  the  only  ways  in  which  we  have 
established  our  claims  to  the  gratitude  of  mankind.  We  have 
pointed  out  better  methods  of  living,  we  have  taught  correct 
principles  of  diet,  clothing,  exercise,  etc.,  so  that  the  human 
system  is  better  prepared  to  resist  and  endure  disease,  and  the 
term  of  human  life  has  been  prolonged.  Far  be  it  from  me 
to  belittle  the  work  of  individual  physicians  or  to  claim  that 
these  advances   have   been   due   solely   to   combined   efforts. 

lo 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Nevertheless,  I  would  claim  that  individual  effort  cannot  cover 
so  wide  a  field  and  that  organization  is  necessary  that  we  may 
meet  and  overcome  the  difficulties  in  our  path.  Indeed,  there 
are  those  who  think  that  we  must  rely  for  progress  an  the 
future  upon  societies  and  institutions,  or  aggregations  of  these 
— upon  collective  investigation,  in  other  words. 

Although  the  advantages  to  be  expected  from  association 
must  have  been  always  more  or  less  obvious,  the  early  physi- 
cians of  this  country  seem  to  have  been  slow  to  appreciate 
them.  Prior  to  the  Revolution,  in  but  one  of  the  Thirteen 
Colonies  had  a  medical  society  been  founded,  and  although 
Maryland  was  one  of  the  oldest  of  them,  it  was  only  seventh  in 
point  of  time  in  being  thus  represented. 

According  to  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings,  "A  Century  of  American 
Medicine,"  Am.  J.  Med.  Sc,  Oct.,  1876,  the  following  was  the 
order  of  foundation:  New  Jersey,  1766;  Massachusetts,  1781 ; 
Delaware  and  South  Carolina,  1789;  New  Hampshire,  1791 ; 
Connecticut,  1792;  Maryland,  1799.  The  College  of  Physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia  was  instituted  in  1787.  All  of  the 
above  are  still  in  existence,  except  the  South  Carolina  Medical 
Society. 

Of  national  professional  feeling  among  the  physicians  of  the 
Colonies  there  seems  to  have  been  none,  and  it  was  not  until 
nearly  three-quarters  of  a  century  after  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  that  an  association  representing  the  country  at 
large  was  instituted.  « 

In  the  theory  of  our  government  the  state,  following  the 
colony,  was  the  unit,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the  Civil  War  of 
1861-65  that  "the  doctrine  of  State's  rights"  was  assigned  to  an 
entirely  subordinate  place  in  our  national  politics.  The  first 
national  association,  "The  American  Medical  Association,"  held 
its  first  meeting  in  this  city  in  1848. 

II 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

There  was  but  one  attempt  at  medical  organ ization  in  Mary- 
land prior  to  the  founding  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty. It  is  not  unlikely,  however,  that  the  physicians  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  State  had  occasionally  met  for  business  or 
social  purposes.  The  infrequency  of  records  of  such  events 
may  well  be  attributed  to  the  thinly  settled  country,  and  espe- 
cially to  the  absence  of  large  centres  of  population  such  as  were 
found  further  to  the  North.  The  following  notice  indicates 
a  cooperation  upon  the  subject  of  fees: 

"The  Practitioners  of  Physic  in  this  Town,  think  it  proper 
to  inform  the  public,  that  from  the  fluctuation  of  prices  and 
unfixt  value  of  money,  they  find  it  necessary  to  charge  for 
their  services,  in  country  produce,  or  by  way  of  barter  or  in 
money  at  such  advance  as  will  bear  a  proportion  to  the  prices 
of  the  necessaries  of  hfe  at  the  time  of  payment.  It  must  be 
confessed  that  the  gentlemeni  of  the  Faculty  in  this  Town  have 
suffered  more  in  respect  to  their  bills  since  the  commencement 
of  the  present  war  than  any  other  class  of  men  in  the  com- 
munity— the  equity,  therefore,  of  the  above  regulation  will 
appear  self-evident  to  every  unprejudiced  person.  The  indi- 
gent sick  may  nevertheless  apply  and  they  shall  be  attended 
to  as  usual  with  tenderness  and  charity. — Ch.  Wiesenthal,  S.  S. 
Coale,  M.  Haslett,  F.  Ridgely,  John  Boyd,  W.  Beard,  Th. 
Andrews,  John  Lebesius."  (Md.  J.  &  Bait.  Advr.,  Nov.  30, 
1779.)     • 

See  also  "Letter  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Baltimore,"  id.,  June 
22,  1790,  in  which  Dr.  George  Buchanan  suggests  a  registration 
of  deaths,  the  formation  of  a  public  park,  and  the  organization 
of  "a  humane  society,"  and  "Appeal  for  the  Establishment  of  a 
Humane  Society,"  id.,  July  9,  1790,  signed  by  George  Brown, 
Andrew  Wiesenthal,  Lyde  Goodwin,  S.  S.  Coale,  James  Wyn- 

12 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

koop,  Geo.  p.  Stevenson,  Miles  Littlejohn,  Geo.  Buchanan, 
Moore  Falls  and  Moses  Haslett. 

Mention  may  also  be  made  of  a  society  composed  of  the 
sons  and  pupils  of  Dr.  John  Archer,  which  met  at  his  country 
seat,  "Medical  Hall,"  during  1797  and  1798,  and  was  known 
as  the  "Harford  Medical  Society." 

The  more  serious  attempt  at  organization,  to  which  I  have 
referred,  although  proving  abortive,  demands  a  detailed  notice, 
not  only  on  account  of  its  local  historical  interest,  but  because 
of  the  bearing  it  had  upon  the  origin  of  our  own  society.  By 
reference  to  the  files  of  the  Md.  J.  &  Bait.  Advr.,  of  Nov.  21, 
Dec.  13  and  23,  1785,  Feb.  21,  1786,  and  Dec.  5,  11  and  26, 
1788,  we  find  a  discussion  then  going  on  among  the  physicians 
of  the  Western  Shore  upon  the  subject  of  medical  reform  and 
the  prevalence  of  quackery  in  the  State.  The  leaders  in  this 
movement  were  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal,  of  Balti- 
more, and  Dr.  Elisha  John  Hall,  of  Frederick  County.  The 
discussion  began  with  a  letter  from  Frederick  Town.  This  led 
to  the  second  communication,  which  contained  the  outlines  of 
a  plan  for  "a  medical  establishment."  Then  followed  a  reply 
to  this  by  the  first  writer,  who  thought  the  plan  proposed  too 
complicated  under  "our  present  circumstances."  He  sug- 
gested caution  and  advised  against  attempting  "too  much  at 
first,  *  *  *  considering  it  doubtful  whether  the  Faculty 
would  at  this  time  bear  being  organized  into  a  corporation." 
For  this,  "let  us  wait,"  he  says,  "for  a  more  enlightened  period, 
when  fraternal  affection  shall  abound  among  us."  He  pro- 
posed a  petition  to  the  Legislature  asking  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  board  of  (say)  three  physicians — he  thought  this 
number  sufficient — who  should  be  paid  by  the  State,  and  whose 
duty  it  should  be  to  examine  and  license  all  applicants.     The 

13 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

latter  were  to  pay  a  certain  sum,  which  should  be  used  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  library.  A  college  might  later  be  engrafted 
on  this  foundation  by  making  the  members  of  the  board  its 
professors. 

As  a  result  of  this  discussion,  on  December  5,  1788,  Dr.  Wie- 
senthal  issued  a  call  to  the  physicians  of  the  State  to  convene  at 
Stark's  Tavern,  in  Baltimore,  on  the  fifteenth  of  the  same 
month,  to  decide  upon  a  "plan  for  the  regulation  of  medical 
practice."  In  accordance  with  this  notice,  a  meeting  was  held 
at  the  time  and  place  named,  at  which  a  society  was  organized 
with  Dr.  Wiesenthal  as  President  and  Frederick  Dalcho,  Dr. 
Wiesenthal's  nephew  and  pupil,  who  had  lately  come  over  from 
London  to  study  under  his  uncle,  as  Secretary, 

The  physicians  of  the  Town  had  already  organized  themselves 
into  a  society  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  the  previous  month.  Dr. 
Hall,  in  his  communication  dated  two  days  before  the  Decem- 
ber meeting,  addresses  Dr.  Wiesenthal  as  President,  and  in  a 
letter  written  by  Dr.  Wiesenthal  to  his  son  Andrew,  then  a 
medical  student  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  London,  and 
dated  November  28,  1788,  occur  these  words:  "We  are  just 
about  procuring  a  Medical  Regulation  in  a  little  more  earnest 
than  heretofore.  At  last  Night's  Meeting  it  was  proposed  for 
the  Sake  of  Order  and  to  have  jointly  more  Weight  to  organize 
ourselves  into  a  Society  under  Rules.  I  was  unanimously 
nominated  President  and  Mr.  Frederik  for  Clark,  so  that  he 
has  now  an  office." 

A  letter  addressed  to  the  President  from  Dr.  Elisha  J.  Hall, 
and  which  was  published  in  full  in  the  Maryland  Gazette,  De- 
cember 26,  1788,  was  read,  and  also  "a  small  sketch  of  a  law," 
enclosed,  which  he  had  been  requested  to  draw  up  for  presenta- 
tion to  the  Legislature.    This  "law"  was  very  radical  in  its  pro- 

14 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

visions,  which  were  designed  to  apply  to  the  present  as  well  as 
the  future.  All  physicians  were  to  submit  to  examination  and 
license.  It  is  not  surprising  to  learn  from  its  author  that  many 
objected  to  this  proposal.  The  communication  concluded 
with  the  statement  that  they  were  "surrounded  by  swarms  of 
quacks."  The  result  of  the  meeting  was  that  a  petition  was 
prepared  for  presentation  to  the  Legislature  and  put  in  circu- 
lation in  the  town  and  State  for  the  signature  of  citizens. 

About  this  time  the  body  of  one  Cassiday,  who  had  been 
executed  for  murder,  was  taken  by  force  from  the  students  of 
anatomy,  to  whom  it  had  been  given  for  dissection,  by  the 
populace  of  the  town.  Griffith's  Annals,  in  which  this  notice 
occurs,  contains  also-  the  following :  "At  the  entrance  of  Ches- 
ter River,  on  May  17  [1788],  at  night,  Capt.  John  De  Corse 
of  the  packet  was  murdered  by  two  rufifians  he  had  taken  on 
board  there  as  passengers.  The  vessel  was  brought  back  to 
the  Middle  Branch  [of  the  Patapsco]  and  abandoned.  Pat- 
rick Cassiday,  who  had  forfeited  his  pardon  for  former  offenses 
by  remaining  in  the  State,  was,  with  one  John  Webb,  another 
convict,  arrested,  and  they  were  executed  some  time  after." 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this,  the  scene  of  this  first  "dis- 
section mob" — we  had  a  second  in  1807,  when  Davidge's 
Anatomical  Theatre,  on  Liberty  Street,  was  destroyed — was 
Dr.  Wiesenthal's  "school,"  situated  on  Fayette  Street,  east  of 
Gay,  in  the  rear  of  his  residence.  Dr.  Wiesenthal  was  the 
medical  teacher  of  the  day,  and  he  had  all  the  conveniences 
for  carrying  on  dissection.  The  "school,"  a  substantial  brick 
building,  two  stories  in  height  and  about  72  x  20  feet,  is  still 
standing.  Fayette  Street  was  not  opened  until  long  after  this 
period.  The  Doctor's  residence  was  on  the  southeast  corner 
of  Gay  and  Fayette  Streets,  and  was  pulled  down  about  twenty- 

2  15 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

five  years  ago  to  make  way  for  the  shoe  store  which  now 
occupies  its  site. 

Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal  was  a  native  of  Prussia.  Be- 
fore coming  to  this  country,  according  to  family  tradition,  he 
was  physician  to  Frederick  the  Great.  He  arrived  in  Balti- 
more in  1755,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death,  a  period  of 
thirty-four  years,  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his 
profession,  as  the  leading  physician  of  Baltimore  Town.  Na- 
turalized in  1 77 1,  during  the  struggle  with  Great  Britain  his 
scientific  and  professional  attainments  were  freely  given  to  the 
service  of  his  adopted  country.  He  was  on  the  Committee  of 
Observation,  superintended  the  manufacture  of  saltpetre,  was 
medical  purveyor  for  the  troops,  examined  the  candidates  for 
medical  positions,  served  as  surgeon  of  Smallwood's  ist 
Maryland  Battalion  or  Regiment,  later  became  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral of  the  State,  and  was  Surgeon-in-Charge  of  the  MiHtary 
Hospitals  in  Baltimore.  After  the  war  he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing the  German  Immigrant  Society,  becoming  its  first  Presi- 
dent. He  was  prominent  in  charities  and  was  a  founder  and 
active  member  of  the  first  Lutheran  churc'h  founded  in  Bal- 
timore. He  was  deeply  revered  and  beloved  by  his  pupils,  who 
looked  upon  him  as  the  "Sydenham"  of  the  town.  His  efforts 
and  personal  influence  did  much  to  elevate  the  dignity  of  the 
profession,  in  which,  by  reason  of  his  eminent  talents,  his  rare 
professional  requirements  and  his  high  character,  he  was  the 
unquestioned  leader.  By  the  community  he  was  held  in  the 
highest  esteem,  and  his  death,  on  the  first  of  June,  1789,  in  his 
sixty-third  year,  occasioned  the  deepest  grief.  (A  memoir  of 
Dr.  Wiesenthal,  by  the  author,  drawn  largely  from  his  corre- 
spondence and  accompanied  by  a  portrait  of  him,  may  be  found 
in  a  recent  number  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin.) 

16 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  return  of  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  in  the  summer  of  1789, 
infused  new  hfe  into  the  profession  of  Baltimore.  On  Novem- 
ber 6  the  Medical  Society  was  reorganized  with  Dr.  Edward 
Johnson  as  President,  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  Secretary,  Treas- 
urer and  Librarian,  and  Drs.  John  Boyd,  Reuben  Guilder, 
George  Buchanan  and  George  Brown,  Court  of  Correspond- 
ence. During  the  ensuing  winter  an  "essay"  was  made  at  a 
medical  school  by  Drs.  Buchanan  and  Wiesenthal,  the  former 
lecturing  to  a  class  of  nine  on  "Diseases  of  Women  and  Chil- 
dren and  the  Brunonian  System,"  the  latter  to  a  class  of  fifteen 
on  "Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Operative  Surgery  and 
the  Gravid  Uterus." 

The  names  of  the  students  attending  these  courses,  and  their 
cards  of  acknowledgment,  are  contained  in  the  Maryland  Gaz- 
ette, March  16,  19  and  30,  1790.  The  session  of  the  Medical 
Society  terminated  in  disagreement  and  disaster,  and  by  the 
spring  of  1790  it  had  been  dissolved.  Of  the  causes  of  its 
dissolution  we  are  not  thoroughly  advised,  but  there  appears 
to  have  been  much  and  bitter  feeling  excited  by  it,  and  the 
minority,  led  by  Dr.  Buchanan,  censured  very  severely  the 
majority,  who  brought  it  about,  and  who  found  it  necessary 
to  defend  their  action  in  several  communications  in  the  paper. 
{Md.  J.  &  Bait.  Advr.,  June  22  and  29,  July  i,  2,  6,  9  and  16, 
1790.)  The  following  names  of  members  of  the  Society  are 
mentioned :  Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal,  Elisha  John  Hall, 
George  Brown,  Lyde  Goodwin,  Samuel  Stringer  Coale,  George 
Buchanan,  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  Frederick  Dalcho,  Edward 
Johnson,  John  Boyd  and  Reuben  Guilder.  Probably  there 
were  others. 

A  brief  notice  is  here  given  of  those  of  the  above  list  who  are 
not  embraced  in  the  Biography.  For  Charles  Frederick  Wie- 
senthal,   see    antea,    p.    16.     For    Elisha   John    Hall,    George 

17 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Brown,  Lyde  Goodwin,  George  Buchanan,  Edward  Johnson, 
see  Biographical  part. 

Samuel  Stringer  Coale  was  born  in  Maryland,  March  9,  1754. 
He  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Philadelphia  School. 
April  26,  1775,  he  married  Ann  Youth,  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
Hopkinson,  who  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  November  23,  1745, 
O.  S.,  and  died  in  Baltimore,  April  26,  1817.  Dr.  Coale  began 
practice  in  Baltimore  in  1775.  He  was  appointed  surgeon 
and  manufacturer  of  saltpetre  in  1776.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  drug  business — Coale  &  Ridgely — 1779-80.  In  the  pro- 
jected medical  school  of  1790  he  was  assigned  the  chair  of 
materia  medica.  He  was  physician  to  the  Almshouse  in  1789. 
He  owned  an  estate  called  "Morven"  at  Elkridge,  seventeen 
miles  from  Baltimore.  His  death  took  place  in  Baltimore, 
September  19,  1798. 

Andrew  Wiesenthal,  the  only  son  of  Dr.  Charles  Frederick 
Wiesenthal,  was  born  in  Baltimore  in  1762.  He  attended 
medical  lectures  in  Philadelphia  and  in  London,  spending  three 
years,  from  1786  to  1789,  in  the  latter  city.  He  lectured  on 
anatomy  and  surgery  at  40  North  Gay  Street,  from  1789  to 
1798.  He  was  appointed  attending  physician  at  the  Bal- 
timore Almshouse  in  1789.  In  the  same  year  he  married 
Sarah  Van  Dyke,  of  the  Eastern  Shore.  He  was  Judge  of  the 
Orphans'  Court  in  Baltimore  in  1796.  In  the  Masonic  Lodge 
he  was  Deputy  Grand  Master.  He  died  in  this  city  December 
2,  1798.  He  was  reputed  to  be  a  very  skillful  surgeon ;  he  was 
also  an  accomplished  musician  and  artist. 

Frederick  Dalcho,  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Wiesen- 
thal, was  born  in  London,  of  Prussian  parents,  in  1770.  His 
father  was  an  officer  under  Frederick  the  Great,  who  was 
severely  wounded  in  battle  and  retired  by  permission  of  his 
sovereign   to   spend   the   remainder   of   his    life   in    London. 

18 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Young  Dalcho,  upon  invitation  of  his  uncle,  came  to  Balti- 
more in  1787.  Here  he  obtained  a  good  classical  education 
and  studied  medicine  and  botany  under  his  uncle.  He  attended 
the  lectures  of  Drs.  A.  Wiesenthal  and  Geo.  Buchanan  in 
1789-90.  He  is  credited  by  his  biographer  with  having  ob- 
tained the  degree  of  M.D.,  and  he  may  have  been  a  graduate 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  although  his  name  is  not 
contained  in  the  catalogue  of  that  institution,  which  is  known 
to  be  defective.  If  he  graduated  there  it  was  probably  in 
1792.  He  was  appointed  surgeon-mate  in  the  U.  S.  A.  in 
1792,  serving  in  South  Carolina.  Later  he  became  surgeon, 
but  resigned  and  settled  in  practice  in  Charleston  in  1799.  In 
1805  he  was  Secretary  of  the  South  Carolina  Medical  Society. 
He  was  trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  Botanic  Garden.  In  1807 
he  was  editing  the  Charleston  Courier.  Some  years  later  he 
studied  theology  and  was  ordained  deacon  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  1814  and  priest  in  1818.  He  was  appoint- 
ed rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  Charleston,  in  1819.  He  was 
also  made  Grand  Chaplain  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of 
the  State.  He  died  November  24,  1836.  Dr.  Dalcho  was  the 
author  of  "An  Historical  Account  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  South  Carolina,  from  its  First  Settlement  to  the 
Revolution,"  1820,  a  work  which  is  an  authority  upon  its  sub- 
ject. He  also  wrote  "Ahriman  Rezon"  for  Masons,  1822.  He 
also  edited  The  Gospel  Messenger. 

John  Boyd  was  born  in  1737.  Quinan  thinks  he  may  have 
been  an  A.M.  of  Princeton  in  1757.  He  established  the  sec- 
ond drug  store  in  this  city  in  1769.  He  practiced  here  from 
that  time  until  his  death.  He  was  on  the  Committee  of  Cor- 
respondence, 1774,  and  Committee  of  Safety,  1775.  He  was 
also  a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  in  the  former  year  and 
was  a  member  of  the  committee  which  tried  Robert  Christie 

19 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  the  latter  year.  In  1776  he  signed  a  call  upon  the  ladies 
of  the  town  through  the  newspaper  for  lint  and  bandages  for 
the  troops.  In  1776  he  was  authorized  by  Congress  to  sign 
bills  of  credit.  He  was  a  partner  of  Dr.  Miles  Littlejohn  in 
a  drug  store  in  1790.    He  died  in  Baltimore,  February  4,  1790. 

Of  Reuben  Guilder  but  little  is  known.  He  was  surgeon  dur- 
ing the  Revolution  in  Haslet's  ist  Delaware  Regiment,  called 
the  "Blue  Hen's  Chickens."  He  settled  in  Baltimore  in  1787 
and  was  physician  to  the  Almshouse  in  1789.     According  to 

Quinan,   he   died   in   Baltimore.      There  is   a   "Guilder,  

Va.,  1784,"  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Medical  School,  of  which  a  full  faculty  and  course  of 
lectures  for  the  season  of  1790-91  was  announced,  shared  the 
fate  of  the  Society,  and  doubtless  from  the  same  causes.  Dr. 
Andrew  Wiesenthal  continued  his  lectures  to  a  class  of  private 
students  for  several  years,  probably  to  his  death  in  1798. 

Although  the  first  attempt  at  organization  had  proved  abor- 
tive, it  can  scarcely  have  failed  to  leave  its  impress.  The 
seed  had  been  sown  which  was  to  germinate  in  the  minds  of  the 
doctors  for  a  decade  and  then  ripen  into  the  splendid  charter 
of  1799.  This  Act  received  the  signature  of  the  Governor 
and  thereby  became  a  law  of  the  land  on  the  twentieth  of  Janu- 
ary of  the  aforesaid  year. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  something  of  the  details 
connected  with  its  authorship  and  passage,  to  pry  into  the 
past  and  see  the  old  doctors  of  a  hundred  years  ago  as  they 
conferred  together  over  this  document  of  such  far-reaching 
significance  to  them  and  their  successors,  to  know  Who  were 
they  who  labored  most  for  its  adoption  and  what  was  said  and 
done  on  the  occasion.  But  these,  like  many  other  events  con- 
nected with  those  early  days,  are  hidden  from  us,  perhaps  for- 
ever, and  we  can  only  picture  them  to  ourselves  in  imagination. 

20 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

For  it  is  a  singular  fact  that  in  all  the  researches  of  the  writer, 
extending  back  now  twenty  years,  he  has  never  seen  or  heard  of 
any  manuscript  relating  to  the  first  meeting,  and  at  the  recent 
Centennial  not  a  single  letter  or  document  was  offered  mak- 
ing any  allusion  whatever  to  it.  The  writer  has  in  his  posses- 
sion a  medical  diary  and  note-book  of  Professor  Potter,  of 
the  year  1799,  in  which  it  is  not  once  mentioned.  We  know 
this  much,  however,  that  the  charter  met  with  opposition  in  its 
passage  through  the  Legislature,  and  that  for  some  years  the 
members  were  in  constant  apprehension  lest  that  body  should 
seize  some  pretext  to  annul  it.  (Bait.  Obsvr.,  vol.  i.  No.  25, 
Jan.  13,  1807.) 

The  charter  is  entitled  "An  Act  to  establish  and  incorporate 
a  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  or  Society  in  the  State  of 
Maryland."  Its  objects  are  stated  in  the  preamble,  which  reads 
as  follows :  "Whereas,  It  appears  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
Maryland  that  the  establishment  and  incorporation  of  a  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty  or  Society  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons in  the  said  State  will  be  attended  with  the  most  bene- 
ficial and  salutary  consequences,  by  promoting  and  dissemi- 
nating medical  and  chirurgical  knowledge  throughout  the 
State,  and  may  in  future  prevent  the  citizens  thereof  from  risk- 
ing their  lives  in  the  hands  of  ignorant  practitioners  or  pre- 
tenders to  the  healing  art,"  etc.  And  again,  in  the  body  of  the 
Act:  "Such  purposes  as  they  may  judge  most  conducive  to 
the  promoting  and  disseminating  medical  and  surgical  knowl- 
edge, or  to  alleviating  the  calamities  and  miseries  of  their 
fellow-citizens."  The  Act  further  provides  for  the  possession 
and  disposal  of  property,  the  holding  of  a  meeting  for 
organization,  the  making  of  by-laws  and  the  adoption  of  a 
seal.  It  is  expressly  stipulated  that  the  value  of  the  property 
held  at  any  time  shall  not  exceed  $10,000  per  annum.     The 

21 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

officers  were  to  be  a  President,  a  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and 
a  Board  of  Examiners,  to  consist  of  twelve  persons,  "of  the 
greatest  chirurgical  abilities  in  the  State,"  seven  from  the 
Western  and  five  from  the  Eastern  Shore.  No  one  in  future, 
under  penalty  of  $50  for  each  offense,  was  to  begin  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  in  the  State  without  either  passing  a  "full" 
examination  before  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  one  Shore  or 
the  other,  or  in  lieu  thereof  presenting  a  satisfactory  diploma 
from  a  medical  college.  Each  person  obtaining  such  license 
was  to  pay  therefor  a  sum  not  exceeding  $10.  Those  persons 
who  should  be  elected  to  membership  in  the  Society  were  to 
pay  in  addition  a  like  sum.  The  first  meeting  was  appointed 
to  be  held  at  Annapolis,  on  the  first  Monday  in  June,  1799, 
and  fifteen  members  were  declared  to  be  a  quorum.  The  in- 
corporators and  their  successors  were  declared  to  be  "one  coni- 
mtmity,  corporation  and  body  politic,  forever,  by  and  under  the 
name  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  the 
State  of  Maryland."  The  names  of  loi  incorporators  were 
given,  representing  from  three  to  six  each  the  nineteen  coun- 
ties into  which  the  State  was  then  divided  and  the  cities  of 
Annapolis  and  Baltimore.  These  names,  arranged  alphabeti- 
cally, are  as  follows : 

Alexander,  Ashton,  Baltimore. 

Anderson,  James  Moat,  Jr.,  Kent  County. 

Anderson,  James,  Montgomery  County. 

Archer,  John,  Harford  County. 

Archer,  Thomas,  Harford  County. 

Baker,  William,  Prince  George  County. 

Beanes,  William,  Jr.,  Prince  George  County. 

Beatty,  Charles  A.,  Montgomery  County. 

Birckhead,  Thomas  H.,  Harford  County. 

Brown,  Gustavus,  St.  Mary's  County. 

22 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Brown,  Gustavus  Richard,  Charles  County. 

Brown,  Morgan,  Jr.,  Kent  County. 

Bourne,  Thomas,  Calvert  County. 

Buchanan,  George,  Baltimore. 

Clagett,  Zechariah,  Washington  County. 

Cradock,  Thomas,  Baltimore  County. 

Cromwell,  John,  Baltimore  County. 

Davidson,  James,  Queen  Anne's  County. 

Davis,  Elijah,  Harford  County. 

Downes,  Jesse,  Caroline  County. 

Duckett,  Richard  I.,  Prince  George  County. 

Elzey,  Arnold,  Somerset  County. 

Forbes,  James,  Allegany  County. 

Fassett,  Thomas  S.,  Worcester  County. 

Gantt,  Edward,  Montgomery  County. 

Geddes,  Robert,  Kent  County. 

Ghiselin,  Reverdy,  Annapolis. 

Goldsborough,  Howes,  Dorchester  County. 

Goldsborough,  Robert,  Queen  Anne's  County. 

Goodwin,  Lyde,  Baltimore. 

Gray,  James,  Calvert  County. 

Groome,  John,  Cecil  County. 

Hall,  Joseph,  Montgomery  County. 

Harrison,  Elisha,  Cecil  County. 

Haynie,  Ezekiel,  Somerset  County. 

Hays,  William,  Dorchester  County. 

Helm,  Henry,  Caroline  County. 

Hilleary,  William,  Frederick  County. 

Hopkins,  Richard,  Anne  Arundel  County. 

Huston,  John,  Worcester  County. 

Ireland,  Joseph,  Calvert  County. 

Irwin,  Levin,  Somerset  County. 

23 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Jackson,  Elijah,  St.  Mary's  County. 
Jenifer,  Daniel,  Charles  County. 
Jones,  Mathias,  Somerset  County. 
Johnson,  Stephen  Theodore,  Talbot  County. 
Keene,  William  B.,  Caroline  County. 
King-,  John,  Cecil  County. 
Lansdale,  William,  St.  Mary's  County. 
Love,  Thomas,  Baltimore  County. 
Lynn,  George,  Allegany  County, 
Magruder,  Zadok,  Jr.,  Montgomery  County. 
Marshall,  William,  Prince  George  County. 
Martin,  Ennalls,  Talbot  County. 
Miller,  William,  Cecil  County. 
Mitchell,  Abraham,  Cecil  County. 
Murray,  James,  Annapolis. 
Murray,  William,  Anne  Arundel  County. 
M'oores,  Daniel,  Baltimore. 
Murrow,  Benjamin,  Allegany  County 
Neill,  John,  Worcester  County. 
Noel,  Perry  Eccleston,  Talbot  County. 
Parnham,  John,  Charles  County. 
Parran,  Thomas,  Calvert  County. 
Pindell,  Richard,  Washington  County. 
Pottinger,  Robert,  Prince  George  County. 
Price,  Joseph,  Caroline  County. 
Pue,  Arthur^,  Baltimore. 

Purnell,  George  Washington,  Worcester  County. 
Purnell,  John,  Worcester  County. 
Rawlings,  Daniel,  Calvert  County. 
Roach,  William  H.,  St.  Mary's  County. 
Sappington,  Francis  Brown,  Frederick  County. 
Schnively,  Jacob,  Washington  County. 

24 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Scott,  Edward,  Kent  County. 

Scott,  Upton,  Annapolis. 

Schaaff,  John  Thomas,  Annapolis. 

Smith,  Joseph  Sim,  Frederick  County. 

Stevenson,  Henry,  Baltimore. 

Stockett,  Thomas  Noble,  Anne  Arundel  County. 

Sullivane,  James,  Dorchester  County. 

Tabbs,  Barton,  St.  Mary's  County. 

Thomas,  John,  Queen  Anne's  County. 

Thomas,  Philip,  Frederick  County. 

Thomas,  Tristram,  Talbot  County. 

Thompson,  Samuel,  Queen  Anne's  County. 

Todd,  Christopher,  Baltimore  County. 

Trapnall,  Philip,  Baltimore  County. 

Tyler,  John,  Frederick  County. 

Waltz,  Peter,  Washington  County. 

Warfield,  Charles  Alexander,  Anne  Arundel  County. 

Waters,  Wilson,  Anne  Arundel  County. 

Wells,  John,  Queen  Anne's  County. 

White,  Edward,  Dorchester  County. 

Wood,  Gerard,  Charles  County. 

Woolford,  John,  Somerset  County. 

Worrell,  Edward,  Kent  County. 

Worthington,  Charles,  Montgomery  County. 

Wyville,  Dorsey,  Dorchester  County. 

Young,  John,  Caroline  County. 

Young,  Samuel,  Washington  County. 

These  names  represent  not  only  the  best  elements  of  the 
Maryland  profession  of  the  period,  but  the  highest  types  of  phy- 
sicians to  be  found  anywhere — men  trained  at  the  schools  of 
Leyden,  Paris,  London,  Oxford,  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Aber- 
deen,   Dublin,    Philadelphia,    pupils    of    Boerhaave,    Hunter, 

25 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Cullen,  the  Monros,  Bell,  Rush  and  others,  whose  names  are 
enrolled  high  upon  the  scroll  of  fame ;  men  erudite  in  all  the 
knowledge  of  medicine  as  it  was  then  taught  and  understood; 
fine  classical  scholars  to  whom  Latin  was  almost  as  familiar 
as  their  native  tongue.  In  the  language  of  one  of  our  ora- 
tors, Professor  Richard  Wilmot  Hall,  biennial  oration  of 
1815:  "To  classical  erudition  the  most  liberal  and  profound, 
they  united  the  stores  of  medical  learning  with  which  the 
ancients  or  moderns  had  enriched  the  science  of  physic,  or  of 
which  the  schools  of  America  and  Europe  could  boast.  In  the 
academies  consecrated  to  literature  or  medicine,  either  at  home 
or  abroad,  they  had  given  convincing  evidences  of  their 
research,  industry  and  talents,  while  they  bore  honorable 
testimony  that  the  intellectual  claims  of  their  native  State  were 
inferior  to  no  portion  of  the  Old  or  New  World.  As  physicians 
they  enjoyed  that  respect  and  confidence  which  is  the  pleasing 
and  voluntary  tribute  of  intelligence  to  virtue  and  worth, 
which  the  successful  application  of  the  principles  of  our  science 
so  generally  receives  from  the  discerning  and  grateful.  As 
men  they  were  governed  in  their  intercourse  with  society  by 
all  those  refined  and  enlightened  sentiments  which  generally 
arise  from  the  study  of  the  sciences  and  liberal  arts;  from 
expanded  and  comprehensive  views  of  the  sublime  laws  and 
order  of  Nature,  and  from  a  just  sense  of  those  moral  obliga- 
tions which  bind  man  to  his  fellow-man." 

Before  proceeding  further,  it  may  be  well  to  consider  the 
sources  of  information  at  our  disposal  for  the  preparation  of 
this  history.  The  records  of  the  Faculty  are  lamentably  defi- 
cient, especially  for  the  first  half  century  of  its  existence.  For 
this  period  we  have  the  incomplete  manuscript  reports  and 
other  papers  in  the  archives  of  the  Society,  which  have  been 
utilized  to  their  fullest  capacity.    The  paucity  of  our  resources 

26 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

will  appear  more  striking,  when  we  learn  that  with  the 
exception  of  a  brief  "Summary  of  Proceeding's,"  for  the  first 
eight  years,  published  in  1807,  and  an  abstract  of  the  Proceed- 
ings of  1807  and  1809,  styled  an  "Appendix,"  no  Transactions 
were  issued  until  1853.  Occasional  publications,  however, 
emanated  from  the  Society  during  this  interval,  as  annual  ora- 
tions, etc.,  and  the  following  may  be  mentioned  in  this 
connection:  "A  View  of  Fever,"  oration  by  Ennalls  Martin, 
1807;  "The  Medical  Law  of  1798,"  oration  by  Richard  Wilmot 
Hall,  1815  ;  "Treatise  on  Contagion,"  oration  by  Dr.  N.  Potter, 
1817;  "Medical  Improvement,"  oration  by  Patrick  Macaulay, 
1823;  Catalogues  of  the  Library,  1835  ^^^d  1852;  Lists  of 
Members,  1807,  1822,  1836  and  1848;  Constitution,  By-laws 
and  Fee  Table.  We  have  also  the  annual  advertisements  and 
notices  in  the  newspapers  and  medical  journals,  especially  those 
of  Baltimore.  From  1839  to  1843,  the  Faculty  issued  a  quar- 
terly journal,  a  most  creditable  production,  which  gives  valuable 
information  for  those  years  and  some  interesting  memoirs 
and  notices  of  the  library.  In  spite,  therefore,  of  the  want  of 
complete  manuscript  records  and  printed  Transactions,  we  are 
not  without  information  of  considerable  extent  and  variety, 
which  duly  utilized  should  furnish  a  tolerably  full  and  accurate 
history  of  the  earlier  half  of  the  century.  From  1853  the 
records  are  fuller,  and  we  have  printed  Transactions  of  all  the 
succeeding  years  except  from  i860  to  1872,  inclusive.  During 
these  twelve  years,  however,  no  meetings  were  held  except 
in  1870,  1 87 1  and  1872,  and  of  these  three  we  have  some  account 
in  the  Baltimore  Medical  Journal. 

Of   the   meeting   for   organization,   held    at   Annapolis,    in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  charter  June  3,  1799,  we 

27 


1799 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

have  but  a  bare  recital  of  results — the  names  of  officers 
1799  elected  and  members  of  the  Boards  of  Examiners  of  the  two 
Shores,  constitution  and  by-laws,  and  resolutions.  These 
meagre  details  but  whet  our  appetites  for  further  knowledge, 
but  there  is  no  means  of  obtaining  it  unless  some  at  present 
unknown  letter  or  manuscript  be  found  to  supply  it.  Of  the 
one  hundred  and  one  charter  members  not  one,  so  far  as  we 
have  been  able  to^  discover,  has  left  any  record  of  the  occasion. 
The  last  survivor,  the  venerable  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander,  died 
so  recently  as  1855,  and  having  been,  moreover,  the  first  Sec- 
retary, he  must  have  had  a  distinct  recollection  of  the  event. 
How  perfectly  natural  it  would  have  been  for  him  to  have  left 
us  some  written  description  of  it.  But  the  opportunity  passed 
unheeded,  and  even  in  his  reported  remarks  at  the  reception 
given  him  during  the  convention  of  1853,  ^^  makes  no  allusion 
to  it. 

Considering  the  circumstances,  it  is  altogether  likely  that  the 
meeting  was  held  in  one  or  other  of  the  legislative  halls  at 
the  capitol.  It  may  be  in  the  historic  Senate  chamber,  where 
Congress  had  sat  so  recently  and  Washington  had  resigned 
his  commission  and  read  his  ever-memorable  farewell  address. 
There  we  may  fancy  the  founders  preparing  to  sit  in  council, 
grave  and  reverend  seigniors,  deliberate  in  act  and  speech, 
still  clad  in  the  antique  style,  wig,  cue,  frilled  shirt,  high- 
necked  coat  with  large  brass  buttons,  knee  breeches,  stockings, 
shoe  buckles  and  not  least  the  gold-headed  cane.  The  first 
to  enter  we  will  suppose  is  the  Baltimore  delegation,  arrived 
by  the  morning  coach.  George  Buchanan,  full  of  enterprise 
and  action,  precedes,  followed  by  Henry  Stevenson,  prince  of 
inoculaitors ;  Lyde  Goodwin,  the  surgeon;  the  courtly  and 
handsome  Ashton  Alexander,  one  of  the  youngest  of  the  incor- 
porators, and  Arthur  Pue  and  Daniel  Moores,  both  graduates 

28 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  Edinburgh.  Close  behind  them  are  the  delegates  from  Bal- 
timore County:  Thomas  Cradock  and  Philip  Trapnall,  both  1799 
great  in  the  councils  of  the  Church ;  John  Cromwell,  described 
as  "a  man  of  fine  constitution  and  exemplary  habits,"  and  the 
Others  of  the  delegation.  Next  come  the  Annapolitans,  headed 
by  the  striking  figure  of  Upton  Scott,  venerable  with  his 
seventy-seven  years,  precise,  practical  and  business-like.  A 
delegation  from  the  western  part  of  the  State  has  just  arrived 
on  horseback:  the  revered  Philip  Thomas,  of  Frederick,  a 
leader  in  his  community;  John  Tyler,  from  the  same  place, 
whose  fame  in  couching  the  cataract  extended  far  and  wide; 
Richard  Pindell,  of  Revolutionary  fame  and  later  the  physician 
of  Henry  Clay  in  Kentucky;  Zadok  Magruder,  Jr.,  from  the 
Quaker  settlement  in  Montgomery ;  James  Anderson,  from  the 
same  county,  whose  practice  is  said  tO'  have  covered  lOO  square 
miles ;  Zechariah  Clagett,  of  Pleasant  Valley ;  George  Lynn, 
of  Cumberland,  and  others  who  had  joined  on  the  way.  From 
the  northeast  come  John  Archer,  of  Harford,  teacher,  patriot, 
statesman,  stern  in  look,  the  patriarch  of  American  graduates, 
and  Elijah  Davis,  who  had  been  a  prisoner  on  a  Jersey  prison 
ship  during  the  Revolution.  From  the  Potomac  region  come 
Charles  Worthington,  of  Georgetown,  who  was  known  in  his 
day  as  the  "Court  Physician,"  in  his  coach ;  Charles  A.  Beatty, 
the  owner  of  the  land  on  which  Washington  was  built,  and 
William  Beanes,  Jr.,  whose  capture  and  imprisonment  led  to 
the  writing  of  the  Star  Spangled  Banner  by  his  friend  and 
rescuer,  Francis  Scott  Key.  From  the  south  come  Gustavus 
Brown,  of  Port  Tobacco,  who  was  consultant  with  Drs.  Craik 
and  Dick  in  the  last  illness  of  Washington ;  Daniel  Jenifer, 
of  the  same  place,  and  John  Parnham,  of  Charles  County, 
both  surgeons  in  the  Revolution.  An  early  arrival  must 
have  been  Charles  Alexander  Warfield,  of  Anne  Arundel,  the 

29 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

impetuous  leader  of  the  patriots  in  the  Peggy  Stewart  affair 
1799  and  the  first  to  propose  a  separation  from  the  mother  country. 
The  Eastern  Shore  doubtless  furnished  its  full  quota,  coming 
by  sailboat  across  the  Bay.  From  Easton  come  Tristram 
Thomas,  distinguished  by  his  extreme  height,  the  tenuity  of 
his  frame  and  his  gentle  manners ;  the  brusque  Ennalls  Martin 
and  Perry  Eccleston  Noel,  the  Edinburgh  graduate ;  from  Kent 
come  James  Moat  Anderson,  a  small  spare  figure  with  a  limp 
and  dressed  in  the  sober  garb  of  the  Methodists;  Morgan 
Brown,  Jr.,  who  is  described  by  his  contemporaries  as  a  man 
of  remarkable  judgment  and  acumen,  and  Edward  Worrell, 
the  medical  teacher  of  that  section;  and  from  Queen  Anne 
come  James  Davidson,  who  hails  from  the  Highlands,  of  Scot- 
land, and  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  "Four-Square."  These 
appear  to  have  been  the  leaders  in  this  remarkable  assemblage 
of  eminent  and  representative  physicians  and  surgeons  of 
Maryland. 

Having  alighted  from  coach  and  stage,  having  disembarked 
from  vessels  which  lay  moored  in  the  Severn,  and  having  dis- 
mounted from  their  horses,  we  can  imagine  them  assembling 
for  the  business  before  them.  A  short  time  is  doubtless  spent 
in  greetings  and  congratulation  upon  the  success  of  their  long 
efforts  to  obtain  legislation  and  the  prospect  of  usefulness  which 
now  unfolds  before  them.  A  temporary  chairman  is  chosen 
and  the  convention  then  proceeds  to  the  election  of  permanent 
officers.  I  suppose  that  all  eyes  must  have  turned  upon  Dr. 
Upton  Scott,  of  Annapolis,  as  the  one  most  suited  by  age,  char- 
acter and  experience  to  fill  the  presidential  chair,  but  that  when 
his  name  was  proposed  he  declined  the  honor,  pointing  to  his 
already  great  age,  and  the  infirmities  connected  with  it,  as 
disqualifications.  But  so  preeminent  was  his  fitness,  that  his 
excuses  were  not  received  and  he  was  unanimously  elected. 

30 


HENRY  STEVENSON 
1721-1814. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

For  the  duties  of  Secretary,  a  young  and  active  person  is 
needed,  and  the  very  man  for  the  place  is  found  in  Ashton  1799 
Alexander,  of  Baltimore,  not  only  because  of  his  personal 
qualities,  but  because  it  was  wise  to  locate  the  chief  executive 
officer  of  the  corporation  in  the  metropolis  of  the  State.  John 
Thomas  Schaaff,  a  man  of  German  parentage,  but  native  of  the 
State,  is  elected  Treasurer.  The  selection  of  the  Board  of 
Examiners  was  of  not  less  importance  than  the  officers  already 
named,  for  upon  it  rested  the  responsibility  of  admission  and 
the  consequent  morale  of  the  organization,  and  we  may  be 
therefore  sure  that  those  chosen  to  this  office  represented  the 
best  elements  of  the  meeting.  They  were  for  the  Western 
Shore :  Drs.  John  Parnham,  of  Charles  County ;  Philip  Thomas, 
of  Fredericktown ;  John  Thomas  Schaaff ,  of  Annapolis  ;  Ash- 
ton Alexander,  of  Baltimore ;  Richard  I.  Duckett  and  William 
Beanes,  Jr.,  of  Prince  George  County,  and  John  Archer,  of 
Harford  County — for  the  Eastern  Shore;  Drs.  James  Moat 
Anderson,  of  Kent  County ;  James  Davidson,  of  Queen  Anne 
County,  and  Ennalls  Martin,  Perry  Eccleston  Noel  and  Stephen 
Theodore  Johnson,  of  Talbot  County. 

After  these  elections,  according  to  the  printed  records,  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  frame  by-laws  and  regulations. 
This  committee  reported  on  the  following  day.  The  regula- 
tions which  were  then  framed  provided  that  there  should  be  a 
general  meeting  of  the  Faculty  at  AnnapoHs  on  the  first  Mon- 
day in  June,  1801,  and  every  second  year  thereafter,  at  which 
times  a  biennial  election  of  officers  was  to  be  held.  They  gave 
to  the  President  authority  to  fine  any  member  acting  in  a  dis- 
orderly manner  at  the  meetings,  a  sum  not  exceeding  $10, 
or  if  the  ofifense  were  considered  sufficiently  serious,  to  expel, 
with  the  consent  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present.  The 
Treasurer  was  required  to  collect  license  fees,  to  receive  dona- 

3  31 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

'tions  of  money  and  property,  tO'  hold  stock,  etc.,  and  as  a 
1799  security  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  trust,  to  give  bond  and 
security.  It  was  provided  that  the  Board  of  Examiners,  of 
each  Shore,  v^as  to  meet  annually :  that  for  the  Eastern  Shore, 
at  Easton,  on  the  second  Monday  in  April ;  that  for  the  West- 
em  Shore,  at  Annapolis,  on  the  first  Monday  in  June,  for  the 
purpose  of  examining  candidates  and  granting  licenses  ;  special 
meetings  could  be  held  at  any  time  in  the  discretion  of  the  Pres- 
ident on  the  call  of  two  members.  Vacancies  in  ofifice  were  to 
be  filled  by  the  joint  Board  for  the  balance  of  the  term  of  office ; 
each  Board  was  authorized  to  fill  vacancies  in  its  own  body. 
Each  person  obtaining  a  license  to  practice  was  required  to 
pay  $io,  and  the  licenses  were  to  be  signed,  as  provided  by  law, 
by  the  President  and  Secretary.  The  President  was  directed 
to  furnish  the  form  of  license  or  certificate  to  be  issued.  Two 
months  notice  of  all  special  meetings  were  to  be  given  in  the 
newspapers.  Fifteen  members  were  to  constitute  a  quorum 
and  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of  those  present  at  any  meeting 
was  necessary  for  election  to  membership. 

The  Society  having  been  thus  launched  upon  its  career,  be- 
fore proceeding  further,  it  seems  desirable  to  say  something 
about  the  status  of  the  profession  in  Maryland  at  the  time  of 
the  granting  of  this  charter — the  close  of  the  last  century.  The 
prevalence  of  quackery  has  already  been  referred  to  and  even 
amongst  those  from  whom  better  things  might  have  been  ex- 
pected evidences  of  irregularities,  of  entire  disregard  of  profes- 
sional ethics,  and  mutual  distrust,  were  only  too  frequent. 
"Every  pitiful  Fellow  nowadays  (more  dexterous  at  murdering 
and  maiming  his  Patients  than  at  terms  of  Art)  assumes  to 
himself  with  no  small  Arrogance  the  appellation  of  Doctor,  far 
from  being  due  to  Quacks  and  Medicators,  and  only  so  to  the 
gentlemen  of  the  Faculty,  the  undoubted  sons  of  ^sculapius," 

32 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

says  a  writer  in  a  New  York  newspaper  in  1754.  (Quoted  in 
"History  of  County  of  Kings,"  1899.)  New  England  was  in  no  1799 
better  condition.  "Few  physicians  among  us,"  say  a  writer 
from  a  New  England  colony  a  little  later,  "are  eminent  for 
their  skill.  Quacks  abound  like  locusts  in  Egypt,  and  too 
many  have  been  recommended  to  a  full  practice  and  profitable 
subsistence.  This  is  less  to  be  wondered  at  as  the  profession 
is  under  no  kind  of  regulation.  Loud  as  the  call  is,  to  our 
shame  be  it  remembered,  we  have  no  law  to  protect  the  lives 
of  the  King's  subjects  from  the  malpractice  of  pretenders. 
Any  man  at  his  pleasure  sets  up  for  physician,  apothecary  and 
chirurgeon.  No  candidates  are  either  examined  or  licensed, 
or  even  sworn  to  fair  practice."  ("History  of  New  York,"  by 
Wm.  Smith,  A.M.)  What  was  here  said  regarding  these  two 
Northern  colonies  applied  with  equal  force  to  all.  The  first 
physician  in  Frederick  City,  Md.,  was  an  irregular,  one  Jacob 
Foucht.  The  papers  of  the  last  quarter  of  the  century  abound 
in  medical  advertisements,  full  of  the  most  unblushing  self- 
laudation  and  audacious  claims  of  skill  and  success.  It  was  a 
common  thing  for  regular  physicians  to  seek  to  secure  patients 
by  advertising  treatment  "much  below  the  usual  rates."  Dr. 
Charles  F.  Wiesenthal's  letters  to  his  son  throw  much  light 
upon  this  aspect  of  practice  in  Baltimore.  In  December,  1787, 
writing  to  his  son  Andrew,  then  a  medical  student  in  London, 
he  expresses  his  satisfaction  at  the  predilection  which  the  latter 
manifests  for  surgery,  in  which  the  quack  must  stand  aside, 
"whereas  in  physic  in  this  part  of  the  world  the  most  errant 
quack,  if  he  has  assurance  enough,  will  often  claim  the  prefer- 
ence and  obtain  it  before  the  man  of  real  and  true  abilities." 
He  mentions  a  Dr.  Jericho  (evidently  a  quack),  who  had 
operated  here  for  cataract  unsuccessfully,  "extracting  the  crys- 
talline lens."     In  1774  a  dispute  arose  between  two  physicians 

33 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

as  to  the  treatment  of  a  patient,  one  charging  the  other  with 
1799  malpractice,  alleging  excessive  use  of  venesection.  The  dis- 
pute was  fully  ventilated  in  the  papers,  an  unfortunate  resource 
for  professional  differences.  From  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
tion until  the  founding  of  the  Faculty  was  especially  a  period 
of  medical  license,  and  Dr.  Wiesenthal's  letters  abound  with 
allusions  to  it  and  aspirations  for  a  corrective.  In  one  of  his 
letters  he  speaks  of  a  meeting  appointed  to  be  held  at  his  house 
for  the  discussion  of  measures  of  reform,  to  which  only  one 
physician  came,  and  he  refers  to  a  prominent  member  of  the 
profession  in  the  town,  who  had  three  times  received  written 
notices  and  had  been  absent  every  time.  He  seems  justified 
in  suspecting  that  there  was  something  wanting  in  the  char- 
acter of  that  physician.  The  want  of  fraternal  feeling  among 
doctors  lis  referred  to  by  a  public  writer  in  1786,  and  he  con- 
siders it  so  great  as  actually  to  render  impossible  any  organ- 
ization at  that  time.  Drs.  Hazlett  and  Ross  break  up  a  part- 
nership in  practice  in  February,  1789,  and  they  make  it  the 
occasion  of  a  series  of  vituperative  publications  in  the  daily 
press.  So,  the  breaking  up  of  the  Medical  Society  in  the 
spring  of  1790  is  made  the  occasion  of  the  washing  in  public 
of  a  lot  of  dirty  linen  for  which  there  was  no  need,  and  which 
showed  that  many  of  those  concerned  were  influenced  by  petty 
jealousies  and  personal  spites  more  than  by  considerations  of 
public  and  professional  good.  These  things  taken  together 
indicate  a  sadly  low  state  of  ethics  and  great  want  of  profes- 
sional character,  and  show  that  the  charter  of  1799  came  none 
too  soon.  The  benefits  from  this  charter  were  immediate  and 
great,  and  whilst  they  were  not  everything  that  could  have 
been  wished,  taking  the  imperfection  inseparable  from  all 
human  endeavor  into  consideration,  we  cannot  but  be  struck 
with  their  extent.    They  will  appear  as  this  history  proceeds. 

34 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

According  to  Dr.  Peregrine  Wroth,  the  books  studied  by 
medical  students  in  Maryland  at  this  date  were  Boerhaave,  1799 
Van  Swieten,  Morgagni,  Haller,  Stahl,  Cullen,  the  Munros, 
Mosely,  Clyhom,  Lind  and  Sydenham,  the  last  "perhaps  the 
greatest  of  all."  Writing  in  1862,  Dr.  Wroth  says  these  works 
were,  in  his  judgment,  "equal  to  any  since  published." 

1800.  A  severe  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  prevailed  in  Bal- 
timore during  the  summer  and  fall,  which  calls  for  some  de-  I8OO 
scription.  Before  describing  it,  however,  I  may  advert  to  the 
previous  epidemic  of  the  same  disease  here  in  1797.  (There 
was  an  earlier  epidemic,  in  1794,  which  caused  360  deaths  in  a 
population  estimated  at  18,000.) 

Yellow  Fever  Epidemic  of  1797. — From  the  report  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Health  of  Baltimore,  dated  November  17, 
1797,  and  published  in  the  Medical  Repository  of  New  York, 
vol.  i,  we  learn  that  they  took  charge  of  the  department  June 
5,  and  appointed  Conrad  Smull  Medical  Superintendent  of  the 
Quarantine  Hospital  on  Hawkins  Point.  About  the  end  of 
June  two  young  men,  who  occupied  a  warehouse  in  South 
Street,  were  taken  sick  and  died  in  a  few  days.  Their  disease 
was  reported  to  be  yellow  fever,  and  to  come  from  putrid 
matter  stored  in  their  warehouse.  The  Board  and  several  of 
the  Faculty  examined  the  premises,  but  found  nothing.  A 
thorough  inspection  was  then  made  of  the  city.  All  vessels 
were  required  to  stop  at  or  below  the  Fort  for  ten  days.  As 
a  malignant  fever  was  prevailing  in  Philadelphia,  a  house  was 
provided  on  the  road  thither,  a  small  distance  from  the  city, 
to  accommodate  travelers,  if  needed,  but  communication  was 
not  stopped.  At  the  end  of  August  the  citizens  of  West  Bal- 
timore were  enjoying  unusual  health;  many  nuisances  had 
been  removed,  some  low  and  sunken  places  had  been  filled  up 

35 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  streets  had  been  cleaned.  In  East  Baltimore  (Fells  Point) 
1800  a  bilious  complaint  had  appeared  early,  and  on  August  26  the 
sickness  was  reported  to  be  something  more  than  common. 
The  Fells  Point  doctors  were  written  to  and  replies  were 
received  from  several  of  the  five  or  six  practitioners  there.  Dr. 
John  Coulter  wrote  that  he  had  observed  an  epidemic  fever 
ever  since  the  third  week  in  June,  especially  in  those  exposed 
to  the  night  air.  It  was  very  dangerous  and  almost  certainly 
fatal,  except  under  powerful  remedies.  During  the  wet 
weather  of  the  last  of  July  and  first  of  August  it  gave  place  for 
nearly  two  weeks  to  dysentery.  He  tells  of  ponds  of  stagnant 
water  and  sinks  of  putrid  animal  and  vegetable  matters, 
exhaling  most  offensive  effluvia.  The  market  and  space  around 
it  were  unpaved  and  constantly  covered  with  offal  thrown 
there  by  the  butchers.  Many  go  to  the  market  well  and  come 
home  ill.  But  the  same  fever  had  prevailed  here  at  this  season 
for  several  years  past.  He  described  the  symptoms,  the  black 
vomit  and  hemorrhages.  He  had  prescribed  for  upward  of  three 
hundred  since  June,  among  whom  there  had  been  eight  deaths. 
Dr.  Joseph  Allender  wrote  suggesting  a  better  accommodation 
for  the  poor.  Dr.  J.  Jaquitt  also  replied.  At  a  meeting  of  all 
the  physicians  of  the  city,  called  at  the  Exchange,  August  28, 
only  two  cases  (by  Davidge  and  Smith)  were  reported  in  the 
city  of  a  suspicious  character,  and  the  first  of  these  was  from 
Philadelphia.  Drs.  Goodwin,  Davidge  and  Moores,  a  commit- 
tee of  the  meeting,  visited  the  Point  and  found  only  a  common 
bilious  remittent  prevailing.  September  2  a  report  was  received 
which  led  the  Commissioners  to  visit  the  Point  where  they 
found  that  Coulter  had  four  or  five  dangerously  ill,  Allender 
three,  and  the  others  two  in  the  same  condition.  There  being  no 
hospital,  the  Board  had  to  afford  relief  to  the  sick  in  the 
houses  where  they  were.  The  followiing  week  things  got  worse. 

36 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

On  September  7  a  number  of  persons  gathered  to  see  the 
launching  of  a  frigate.  Many  got  wet,  and  several  from  West  1800 
Baltimore  were  taken  suddenly  ill  and  died  in  a  few  days.  On 
September  8  the  first  report  of  a  case  of  yellow  fever  was 
received  from  Dr.  Moores.  On  September  ii  the  Faculty  met 
by  request  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Adam  Fonerden  and  suggested 
measures  for  the  adoption  of  the  authorities.  They  advised 
against  removal  of  the  inhabitants  to  the  country  and  against 
stopping  the  communication  between  the  Town  and  Point.  The 
means  at  hand  for  dealing  with  the  epidemic  were  the  Hawkins 
Point  Hospital  and  $2000  appropriated  by  the  Council  for  the 
year.  The  hospital  was  found  inaccessible  and  was  abandoned. 
A  house  for  a  temporary  hospital  was  found  not  far  from  the 
Point  and  Dr.  Way  took  charge  of  it  on  September  11,  five 
nurses  being  provided.  There  was  no  room  in  it  for  colored 
persons.  According  to  the  figures  there  were  545  interments 
from  August  i  to  October  29,  of  whom  408  were  adults  and 
137  were  children.  Of  the  residents  of  Fells  Point  671  moved 
away  and  2679  remained  in  their  homes.  As  a  result  of  this 
epidemic  Dr.  Davidge  wrote  the  next  year  his  work  on  yellow 
fever. 

Yellow  Fever  Epidemic  of  1800. — There  is  in  the  Medical 
Repository  an  article,  entitled  "Opinion  of  the  Medical  Faculty 
addressed  to  James  Calhoun,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Baltimore,  rela- 
tive to  the  Domestic  Origin  of  the  Pestilential  Sickness  in  that 
city  during  the  hot  season  of  1800,  communicated  by  Dr.  Dan- 
iel Moores  to  Dr.  Mitchell."  Dr.  Moores  was  a  Baltimore 
physician,  already  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  previous 
epidemic,  and  Dr.  Mitchell  was  editor  of  the  Journal.  This 
"opinion,"  relating  to  the  origin  and  means  of  obviating  a 
recurrence  of  the  epidemic,  was  given  at  the  Mayor's  request. 
There  was  no  proof,  it  said,  of  foreign  origin.     It  was  due  to 

37 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

an  epidemic  constitution  of  the  air,  as  shown  by  its  effect  upon 
1800  the  senses  and  upon  the  brute  creation  and  the  more  malignant 
character  of  diseases  in  the  United  States  in  recent  years.  That 
it  was  of  domestic  origin  was  shown  by  the  fact  that  those  first 
attacked  had  no  communication  with  vessels  engaged  in  for- 
eign commerce,  that  they  were  at  a  distance  from  each  other, 
and  that  they  were  exposed  to  powerful  local  causes.  The 
first  cases  occurred  at  Fells  Point,  May  2.  T.  S.  had  worked 
near  a  putrid  sink  of  water,  containing  vegetable  matters  in 
a  state  of  putrefaction.  J.  T.  had  an  offensive  market  yard, 
and  the  gutters  and  streets  near  his  house  annoyed  all  who 
passed  them.  None  of  the  cases  could  be  traced  to  vessels 
employed  in  foreign  commerce ;  no  one  of  them  communicated 
the  disease  to  others.  The  extinction  of  the  disease  by  frost 
showed  that  its  cause  was  in  the  atmosphere,  also  its  occur- 
rence at  internal  and  scattered  points  in  the  United  States.  Its 
indigenous  origin  was  also  shown  by  its  having  prevailed  at  the 
same  time  in  Harford  County  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  in 
Cecil  County  on  the  canal,  in  Charles  and  in  Dorchester  Coun- 
ties. The  Faculty  were  convinced  that  the  fever  could  not  be 
imported  (human  contagium),  but  the  cause  might  be  conveyed 
as  in  the  foul  air  in  the  holds  of  vessels.  But  they  believed  this 
would  hardly  be  worth  considering  if  the  air  of  the  city  were 
rendered  pure  by  the  removal  of  nuisances,  since  then  it  would 
be  quickly  and  widely  diffused.  The  gradual  diffusion  shows 
that  it  is  not  from  foreign  sources.  If  imported,  the  promi- 
nent features  would  show  themselves  at  the  beginning.  The 
Faculty  believed  the  following  to  have  been  the  principal 
sources  of  the  fever :  The  cove  extending  from  the  mouth  of 
Jones  Falls  to  the  interior  parts  of  Fells  Point,  the  bottom  of 
which  was  left  bare  by  the  recession  of  the  tides  for  some  weeks 
preceding  the   appearance  of  the   fever  from  prevalence   of 

38 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

North  and  East  winds.  All  the  physicians  at  Fells  Point  agreed 
that  it  began  on  the  borders  of  the  cove  and  could  be  traced  1800 
thence  as  the  poisonous  effluvia  were  wafted  about  by  the  winds. 
So  pestilential  was  this  cove  that  the  laborers,  employed  in  filling 
up  its  northern  shore  were  compelled  to  stop  work  early  in 
the  summer,  and  the  effluvia  from  it  affected  those  passing, 
even  at  a  considerable  distance.  The  docks,  especially  the  in- 
terstices between  the  wharves,  where  water  stagnated;  stag- 
nant water  in  cellars ;  gutters ;  filthy  alleys  and  unpaved  streets  ; 
back  yards ;  privies ;  ponds  and  low  grounds ;  made  ground,  of 
which  the  wharves  and  lower  parts  of  some  of  the  streets  are 
formed ;  putrefying  animal  and  vegetable  matters  were  all  sup- 
posed to  be  contributory  factors. 

The  epidemic  did  not  extend  to  the  higher  parts  of  the  city 
remote  from  the  exhalations.  "The  superintendent  of  the 
streets,  who  enumerated  the  nuisances  previous  to  the  epi- 
demic appearance  of  the  fever,  declares  that  in  whatever  part 
of  the  city  he  then  marked  a  nuisance,  he  can  now  mark  the 
ravages  of  death."  This  report  shows  that  the  Faculty  was  fully 
alive  to  its  responsibilities  in  this  epidemic  and  prepared  to 
take  its  full  share  in  meeting  and  averting  the  calamities  from 
which  the  community  was  suffering. 

In  connection  with  these  two  epidemics  may  be  cited  a  most 
interesting  letter  in  the  same  journal,  vol.  iv,  by  Dr.  Pierre 
Chatard,  of  Baltimore,  dated  October  29,  1800.  Dr.  Chatard's 
superior  education  and  acquirements  gave  to  his  opinions  and 
statements  great  weight,  and  scarcely  anyone  in  the  profession 
then  here — distinguished  as  it  was  by  such  names  as  those  of 
Crawford,  Buchanan,  Davidge,  Potter,  George  Brown,  Alex- 
ander, Henry  Stevenson,  and  others — could  speak  with  as 
great  authority.  I  feel  sure,  then,  that  I  shall  not  only  be 
excused,  but  thanked,  for  an  abstract  of  this  really  able  and 

39 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

original  paper,  expressed  in  such  modest  terms.  He  said  that 
1800  he  had  often  seen  and  attended  the  yellow  fever,  both  here  and 
in  St.  Domingo,  and  that  he  regarded  it  as  "essentially  a  bilious 
fever."  The  cold  bath  was  appropriate,  remarkably  so  in  the 
nervous  complications.  The  treatment  varied  according  as 
the  type  was  believed  to  be  sanguineous  and  plethoric,  or  ner- 
vous. He  had  ordered  venesection  in  only  two  instances  of  the 
present  epidemic,  although  in  that  of  1797  at  Fells  Point  he  had 
cured  many  by  the  lancet,  as  the  learned  Rush  had  done  in 
the  epidemic  of  1793 — one  accompanied  by  a  real  inflammatory 
diathesis.  He  was  convinced  that  the  predisposing  cause  of 
the  epidemic  of  1800  "results  from  a  load  of  bilious,  acrimoni- 
ous matters  lodged  in  the  primae  viae  without  any  combination 
of  inflammatory  diathesis."  He  directed  all  his  attention  from 
the  commencement  to  the  evacuation  of  the  alimentary  canal, 
the  prevention  of  the  absorption  of  the  deleterious  matter  con- 
fined in  it,  which,  if  once  allowed  to  infect  the  mass  of  circu- 
lating fluids  speedily  decomposed  the  whole  frame.  At  the 
beginning  he  gave  tartar  emetic  gr.  ss,  in  a  teacupful  of  water 
every  quarter  hour  until  vomiting,  with  abundant  drinks  for 
twelve  hours.  Then  Glauber's  salts  or  castor  oil.  Strict  absti- 
nence from  food  was  enjoined.  Commonly  patients  were  much 
better  after  the  action  of  the  cathartic.  If  so  he  continued 
diluents  and  emollient  clysters.  If  fever  continued  he  gave 
small  doses  of  magnesia  frequently  with  decoction  of  gentian 
or  columbo.  Sometimes  he  ordered  a  teaspoonful  of  De 
Haen's  sedative  potion  every  two  hours.  If  delirium  and 
prostration  came  on,  with  hot,  dry  skin,  he  used  the  warm  bath 
and  gave  wine-whey  with  emollient  fomentation  and  clysters. 
If  black  vomit  or  black  stools  or  hemorrhage  occurred,  and 
especially  if  there  were  suppression  of  urine,  remedies  were 
hopeless.     Perhaps  it  was  best  then  to  leave  the  patient  to 

40 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

nature  "and  to  indulge  every  craving  not  absolutely  perni- 
cious." He  had  seen  some  thus  recover.  The  Baltimore  doc-  1800 
tors  frequently  used  blisters  to  arms,  legs  and  epigastrium 
to  relieve  the  head  and  irritation  of  stomach.  They  generally 
failed,  and  Dr.  Chatard  did  not  believe  them  suited  to  the  dis- 
ease, except  where  there  was  a  very  obstinate  spasmodic 
constriction  where  one  over  the  lower  abdomen  might  create 
irritation  and  relieve  the  spasm.  He  was  opposed  to  the  use  of 
mercury  (calomel).  This  was  then  considered  a  specific.  It 
was  often  irritating  and  produced  evacuations  which  it  was 
impossible  to  restrain.  Some  physicians  claimed  that  all  patients 
recovered  after  salivation.  (Davidge  claimed  this.)  He 
believed  this  opinion  to  be  due  to  prejudice  and  mistaken 
observation.  He  had  seen  many  persons  die  from  terror  under 
the  impression  that  the  disease  was  utterly  incurable.  "The 
flight  of  physicians  from  the  city  was  not  well  adapted  to 
remove  such  an  impression."  Prejudice  existed  regarding 
emetics ;  it  was  supposed  that  they  increased  gastric  irritability. 
But  the  irritation  of  an  emetic  was  always  less  than  that  inces- 
santly kept  up  and  renewed  by  the  acrimony  of  the  bile,  etc., 
unless  early  evacuated  by  an  emetic  whose  operation  is  neither 
violent  nor  long  if  blunted  by  a  large  quantity  of  warm  water. 
Besides,  did  we  not  use  cathartics  in  dysentery?  "I  should  be 
glad,"  he  concludes,  "to  offer  you  some  opinions  concerning 
the  efficient  cause  of  this  destructive  distemper,  but  the  whole 
of  this  subject  appears  to  be  so  obscure  that  it  seems  advisable 
rather  to  keep  silence  than  to  hazard  mere  conjectures.  This 
much  appears  to  be  certain,  that  hitherto  no  person  has  discov- 
ered effectual  means  of  extinguishing  the  acrimony  of  the  bile, 
which  seems  to  act  a  very  important  part  in  the  disease,  and 
which  by  its  highly  excited  acid  or  alkaline  quality  excites  at 

41 


1801 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

first  irritation  of  the  stomach  and  eventually  decomposition  of 
the  whole  system." 

At  the  meeting  of  1801,  held  at  the  capital  of  the  State,  a 
question  arose  as  to  the  construction  to  be  put  upon  the  sec- 
tion of  the  law  relating  to  membership,  which  some  held 
restricted  the  election  of  members  to  the  first  meeting,  or  that 
of  1799.  The  matter  was  referred  to  a  committee,  which  con- 
sidered the  section  with  aid  of  legal  counsel  and  reported  that 
no  such  restriction  was  implied,  since  its  operation  would  limit 
the  term  of  existence  of  the  Faculty,  a  result  evidently  not  con- 
templated by  the  Legislature;  moreover,  the  last  section  em- 
powered the  Society  to  make  any  regulation  not  contrary  to 
law  which  it  thought  requisite. 

At  this  meeting  Dr.  Scott  was  compelled  by  his  advanced 
age  and  bodily  infirmities  to  decline  a  reelection,  and  Dr. 
Philip  Thomas  was  selected  as  his  successor.  Resolutions 
were  passed  upon  this  occasion  expressing  the  sense  of  the 
Faculty  upon  Dr.  Scott's  "superior  professional  talents  and 
disinterested  services  in  promoting  the  institution"  under  cir- 
cumstances requiring  so  great  personal  self-sacrifice. 

A  plan  was  also  laid  before  the  Faculty  by  "a  distinguished 
member,"  the  outlines  of  which,  we  are  told,  had  been  revised 
and  approved  by  Dr.  Scott,  for  the  erection  of  a  medical  col- 
lege in  the  State,  which  was  to  include  within  its  scope  the 
duties  of  the  Medical  Examiners,  "with  such  other  executive 
powers  under  the  law  as  should  appear  to  be  necessary  in  order 
to  give  it  additional  respectability."  Owing,  however,  to  the 
small  attendance,  action  upon  this  proposal  was  deferred  until 
the  next  meeting. 

We  may,  perhaps,  safely  conjecture  that  the  author  of  this 
proposition,  "the  distinguished  member,"  was  Dr.  Davidge. 

42 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Potter  ("Sketch  of  Univ.  of  Md.,"  Hist.  Soc.  Lib.)  tells  us 
that  Davidge  had  entertained  the  idea  of  founding  a  medical       1801 
school  ever  since  his  settlement  in  Baltimore,  in  1796,  and  that 
they  had  frequently  conversed  together  on  the  subject.     Dr. 
Davidge  had  at  this  time  a  private  class  of  medical  students. 

From  the  entries  of  the  Treasurer's  book — preserved  in  the 
Society's  archives — we  learn  that  up  to  June,  1801,  certificates 
and  licenses  had  been  issued  to  nineteen  persons,  making  the 
receipts  therefor  $190.  The  expenses  for  the  same  period  were 
$59,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $131.  The  first  fee 
received  was  for. a  certificate  issued  to  Wm.  B.  Tilden,  of  the 
Eastern  Shore.  At  this  meeting  Dr.  Schaaff  was  succeeded  as 
Treasurer  by  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander. 

The  above  book  contains  the  following  names  of  those  who 
received  certificates  in  1800,  and  being  the  first  names  entered 
in  the  book  they  were  evidently  the  first  persons  admitted  to 
membership  after  the  founding  of  the  Society:  Wm.  B.  Tilden, 
Dr.  Bergsten,  John  Owen,  John  Ridgely,  Wm.  Rogers,  Pere- 
grine Warfield,  Lloyd  T.  Hammond,  Robert  Johnson,  the  last 
being  from  the  District  of  Columbia  and  all  the  others  from  the 
Western  Shore,  except  Dr.  Tilden.  In  1801  the  admissions  by 
certificate  were  Dr.  Watson,  Dr.  Wm.  Cozens,  Tlios.  Schley 
and  Richard  Duckett,  and  by  license  James  Glasgow,  John 
Dare,  John  McPherson,  Adam  Clendinen,  Patrick  Sim,  Jas. 
Stonestreet  and  John  M.  Taylor. 

The  unfavorable  experience  as  to  attendance  at  this  meeting 
and  the  claims  of  several  matters  of  much  importance,  led  to 
the  calling  of  a  special  meeting  the  following  year,  and  the 
advantages  of  Baltimore  over  Annapolis  as  the  place  of  assem- 
blage were  so  apparent  that  the  former  city  was  selected  for 
this  third  convention. 

43 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1802.  The  meeting  opened  with  a  very  fine  address  from 
1802  Dr.  Phihp  Thomas,  the  President,  which  by  resolution  of  the 
Faculty,  was  pubHshed  in  full  in  the  Baltimore  Federal  Gazette, 
June  16,  1802.  In  this  reference  is  made  to  the  unparalleled 
advances  made  during  the  preceding  twelve  years  in  arts  and 
science,  agriculture  and  commerce,  and  especially  to  the  salu- 
tary effects  produced  in  the  State  by  the  establishment  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  The  author  alludes  to  an 
amendment  adopted  at  the  previous  session  of  the  Legislature, 
designed  to  prevent  in  future  the  introduction  of  additional 
empirics  from  other  States  and  countries,  of  which  there  was 
already  on  hand  too  plentiful  a  supply.  He  recommends  for 
adoption  the  plan  of  a  medical  college — "College  of  Physi- 
cians," he  calls  it — proposed  at  the  previous  meeting,  and 
which  he  says  is  to  be  brought  up  before  the  present  meeting. 
He  suggests  that  in  order  to  carry  this  plan  into  effect,  addi- 
tional legislation  will  be  required.  He  speaks  of  the  lax 
methods  of  admission  and  of  indignities  to  which  the  Society 
had  been  subjected  by  the  too  mild  indulgence  of  the  Exam- 
ining Boards. 

The  applicants,  it  seems,  had  attended  one  session  at  the 
Philadelphia  School.  This,  it  was  found,  had  not  sufficiently 
qualified  them  and  they  were  only  admitted  to  the  Society  on 
the  promise  that  they  would  make  up  their  deficiencies  b\ 
subsequent  study.  This  promise,  Dr.  Thomas  says,  they  had 
not  fulfilled. 

Finally  he  proposes  the  reading  of  essays  by  members  at 
the  meetings  and  the  publication  of  those  which  should  be 
deemed  worthy  of  such  honor  by  the  Society.  He  presents 
such  an  essay  by  Dr.  John  Baltzell,  of  Frederick. 

The  title  of  this  paper  was  "An  Essay  on  the  Mineral  Prop- 
erties of  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia,"  etc.     A  copy  of  it, 

44 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

dated  Baltimore,  1802,  may  be  seen  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital  Library.  1802 

The  proposal  for  a  college,  anticipated  in  the  President's 
Address,  was  presented  to  the  meeting  and  after  full  discus- 
sion, referred  to  a  committee  for  further  action.  On  this 
committee  were  the  following:  Drs.  George  Brown,  James 
Steuart,  J.  C.  White,  Edward  Scott  and  John  B.  Davidge. 

In  the  three  years  of  the  existence  of  the  Society,  there  had 
been  frequent  violations  of  the  law.  In  order  to  provide 
more  effectually  against  such  offenders,  it  was  now  decided 
to  appoint  censors,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  see  that  the  law 
was  not  infringed  upon  by  unlicensed  practitioners,  and  that 
its  penalties  were  inflicted  upon  trespassers,  and  to  execute 
such  other  duties  as  might  be  required  of  them  by  the  by- 
laws ;  also  to  obtain  complete  lists  of  practitioners  of  medicine 
and  surgery  within  their  respective  districts,  with  places  of 
residence  and  dates  of  commencement  of  practice.  It  was 
provided  that  there  should  be  two  censors  appointed  for  each 
county,  four  for  Baltimore,  two  for  Annapolis,  two  for  Fred- 
erick Town  and  one  for  Hagerstown.  Three  years  later  six 
additional  censors  were  provided  for  from  the  city  of  Balti- 
more. 

Censors  were  continued  as  a  part  of  the  machinery  of  the 
Society  for  about  fifty  years.  The  position  was  for  the  most 
part  a  mere  sinecure,  although  a  number  of  instances  have 
come  to  my  knowledge  of  efficient  discharge  of  their  unpleas- 
ant duty  by  these  officials.  No  doubt  the  mere  fact  of  there 
being  such  officers  and  the  threat  of  legal  prosecution  had  a 
salutary  effect  on  would-be  violators  of  the  law. 

At  this  convention  (1802)  a  large  Executive  Committee 
was  chosen  "to  meet  from  time  to  time  during  the  recess  of 
the  Faculty,  to  receive  communications  and  to  report  the  same 

45 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  the  stated  meetings."  This  committee  consisted  of  fifteen 
1802  from  the  Western  Shore,  seven  from  the  Eastern  Shore,  and 
the  President  and  Secretary,  ex  officio. 

The  Board  of  Examiners  was  authorized  to  grant  special 
hcenses  to  dentists  and  oculists  to  practice  in  their  respective 
branches,  subjecting  them  to  examination  only  on  these.  This 
was  in  accordance  with  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Luther  Martin,  the 
Attorney-General  of  the  State,  that  the  law  authorized  such 
action. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted:  "That  the  members 
of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  will  use  their  utmost 
endeavors  to  discourage  the  use,  and  as  far  as  may  be  in  their 
power,  prevent  the  sales  of  patent  and  quack  medicines."  The 
evils  from  this  source  were  pointed  out  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee was  asked  to  report  what  measures  they  deemed  expe- 
dient to  prevent  them. 

A  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  petition  the  Legis- 
lature to  pass  an  act  making  the  claims  of  physicians  against 
the  estates  of  deceased  persons  and  insolvent  debtors  "pre- 
ferred." This  committee  reported  later  that  owing  to  "the 
prevailing  disposition"  of  the  Legislature,  they  deemed  it  inex- 
pedient to  prefer  the  petition. 

The  following  endorsement  of  vaccination  was  adopted  by 
the  convention :  "That  the  evidence  of  the  great  utility  of  the 
genuine  vaccine  inoculation  is  to  them  full  and  conclusive, 
and  that  they  recommend  it  to  their  fellow-citizens  to  interest 
themselves  in  its  propagation."  This  is  the  first  instance 
recorded  of  the  official  recognition  and  sanction  of  Jenner's 
great  discovery  by  any  American  association  of  physicians. 

Inoculation  for  the  smallpox  was  still  in  vogue  in  Maryland 
at  the  close  of  the  last  century.  Introduced  into  Europe  by 
the  famous  letter  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu  of  1717, 

46 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

it  early  crossed  the  Atlantic  to  our  shores  and  held  its  ground 
here  about  eighty  years ;  indeed  it  did  not  disappear  entirely  1802 
with  the  advent  of  vaccination.  One,  at  least,  of  the  founders, 
Dr.  James  Anderson,  of  Montgomery  County,  adhered  to  it 
until  1814,  and  Dr.  P.  K.  Rogers,  of  Fells  Point,  Baltimore, 
clung  to  it  until  1816.  It  was  not  forbidden  by  law  in  this  State 
until  1850. 

While  the  benefits  to  those  who  received  it  were  obvious, 
inoculation  kept  the  disease  in  existence  and  proved  a  con- 
stant source  of  infection ;  so  that  it  was  really  an  evil  rather 
than  a  blessing.  From  the  year  1750  until  1800  the  disease 
was  rarely  absent  in  some  part  of  Maryland,  and  frequently 
ravaged  the  towns  and  country  with  great  virulence.  Many 
physicians  during  that  period  practiced  inoculation.  Those 
who  were  best  known  in  connection  with  it  were  Adam  Thom- 
son and  Richard  Brooke,  both  of  Prince  George  County, 
Henry  Stevenson,  of  Baltimore,  Gustavus  Richard  Brown,  of 
Charles  County  and  Samuel  Thompson,  of  Queen  Anne's. 
The  first  named  was  widely  known  throughout  the  Colonies 
and  was  frequently  sent  for  to  superintend  the  operation  in 
dififerent  parts  of  the  country.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
American  Method,  which  became  the  accepted  method  of 
procedure  throughout  America,  and  the  author  of  a  tract  upon 
the  subject,  printed  by  Benjamin  Franklin  in  1750,  which  ran 
through  several  editions.  The  second  was  the  author  of  a 
paper  on  "Inoculation  Without  Incision,"  1752,  which  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Philosophical  Transactions,  of  London,  vol. 
xlvii.  In  1765,  Dr.  Henry  Stevenson  was  styled  "the  most 
successful  inoculator  in  America."  He  did  not  confine  his 
operations  to  Baltimore.  From  1765  to  1776  and  again  after 
the  Revolution,  he  maintained  an  inoculation  hospital  at  his 
house   "Parnassus,"   in   the  northeast   suburbs  of   Baltimore, 

4  47 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

near  the  site  of  the  present  Penitentiary.  As  of  interest,  it 
1802  may  be  mentioned  that  his  charge  for  inoculation  was  two 
pistoles  and  for  board  and  lodging  twenty  shillings  a  week. 
In  1776  Drs.  Gustavus  Rr.  Brown  and  James  Wallace  estab- 
lished an  inoculating  hospital  on  Burdett's  Creek,  near  the 
Potomac  River  in  Virginia;  their  charge  was  "5  £  Md.  cur- 
rency" per  case.  Dr.  Thompson  inoculated  persons  at  his 
house,  "Medical  Hill,"  in  Queen  Anne's  County. 

It  did  not  take  long  for  our  Maryland  physicians  to  appre- 
ciate the  advantages  of  vaccination  over  inoculation,  and 
Maryland  must  share  with  Massachusetts  the  honor  of  its 
first  introduction  into  America.  In  the  summer  of  1800,  Dr. 
John  Crawford,  a  most  enlightened  physician  of  Baltimore, 
received  from  Dr.  Ring,  of  London,  a  supply  of  vaccine  virus 
"on  cotton  thread  rolled  up  in  paper  and  covered  with  a  var- 
nish which  excluded  the  air."  This  he  used  here  successfully. 
(See  "Ring  on  Cowpox,"  1801,  p.  459.)  A  few  months  later  a 
second  supply  of  virus  was  obtained  by  Mr.  John  Taylor, 
who  was  then  in  London,  from  one  of  the  physicians  of  the 
inoculation  hospital  at  St.  Pancras,  and  forwarded  by  him 
to  his  brother,  Mr.  William  Taylor,  a  merchant  of  Baltimore. 
The  latter  gave  it  to  his  family  physician.  Dr.  Miles  Littlejohn 
and  he  placed  it  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  James  Smith,  who  was 
then  attending  physician  to  the  County  Almshouse  in  the  sub- 
urbs of  the  city.  Dr.  Smith,  who  deserves  to  be  called  the 
Father  of  Vaccination  in  Maryland,  since  he  did  more  than  any 
one  to  promote  its  adoption  in  this  community,  began  the  use 
of  this  virus  on  the  first  of  May,  1801,  the  first  to  undergo  the 
operation  being  Nancy  Malcum,  aged  7  years.  The  virus  was 
put  up  for  greater  security  in  three  different  ways.  Some  was 
on  the  blade  of  a  lancet,  some  between  small  plates  of  glass, 
some  on  thread  which  was  thoroughly  charged  with  it,  and  the 

48 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

whole  was  confined  in  a  vial  well  corked  and  sealed.  A  careful 
record  of  each  case  was  entered  upon  the  books  of  the  insti-  1803 
tution.  Says  Dr.  Smith :  "The  physicians  of  Baltimore  gen- 
erally were  invited  to  inspect  these  cases  and  oilers  were 
made  to  furnish  them  with  virus,  but  no  one  could  be  prevailed 
on  to  make  any  use  of  it  beyond  the  walls  of  the  Almshouse  dur- 
ing the  whole  summer,  notwithstanding  the  smallpox  was  then 
prevailing  in  the  city."  (Vaccine  Inquirer,  or  Miscellaneous 
Collections  Relating  to  Vaccination,  No.  i,  1822.) 

A  full  account  of  these  cases  was  published  by  Dr.  Smith  in 
the  Telegraph,  a  daily  paper  of  Baltimore,  of  December  3  and  5, 
1801.  All  of  them  were  freely  exposed  to  the  smallpox  by  inoc- 
ulation and  also  in  the  natural  way  without  exhibiting  any  re- 
sponse. This  introduction  by  Dr.  Smith  antedated  that  in  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  or  by  Jefferson  in  Virginia.  Early  in 
1802  the  operation  was  formally  endorsed  by  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  and  Dr.  Smith  was  aided  in  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Vaccine  Institution,  the  second  in  America,  for  the 
propagation  of  the  virus  and  its  free  distribution  to  the  poor. 
In  1805  it  received  a  second  endorsement  from  the  Faculty. 
In  1809,  by  the  exertions  of  Dr.  Smith  and  others,  all  promi- 
nent in  the  affairs  of  the  Society,  the  Legislature  granted  a 
lottery  for  the  purpose  of  extending  the  operations  of  the 
Institute  and  in  1810  a  Vaccine  Society  was  organized  in  con- 
nection with  it  by  a  number  of  prominent  and  philanthropic 
citizens.  In  1812  the  Society  was  reorganized  under  the  name 
of  the  "Vaccine  or  Jennerian  Society."  Dr.  Smith  was  inde- 
fatigable in  his  exertions  and  so  eager  and  unselfish  were  the 
physicians  of  that  day  for  the  universal  participation  of  the 
blessings  of  the  beneficent  discovery,  that  on  February  16,  1812, 
thirty-eight  leading  members  of  the  Faculty  offered  to  vaccinate 
gratuitously  all  who  applied ;  indeed,  these  noble  men  went  fur- 

49 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

i 
ther  and  offered  to  pay  each  child  presenting  proof  of  genuine 

1803  vaccination  twenty-five  cents.  Can  any  other  body  of  men  be 
cited  who  have  exhibited  a  greater  spirit  of  unselfishness  and 
self-sacrifice?  By  these  agencies  not  only  was  virus  furnished 
gratuitously  throughout  the  State,  but  it  was  sent  far  and  wide 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land,  and  even  to 
remote  India,  and  many  threatened  epidemics  were  cut  short. 
In  the  same  year  Dr.  Edward  Jenner,  of  England,  tested  Dr. 
Smith's  virus  and  pronounced  it  genuine.  In  1813  the  United 
States  Government  established  a  "National  Vaccine  Institute," 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Smith.  In  1819,  in  order  to  settle 
doubts  which  had  arisen  with  regard  to  the  value  of  vaccina- 
tion. Dr.  Smith  inoculated  with  variolous  matter  several  mem- 
bers of  his  own  family  at  the  bedside  of  a  smallpox  patient. 
In  1821,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Faculty,  the  city  ap- 
pointed vaccine  physicians  to  each  ward.  In  1822  the  Vaccine 
Society  was  reorganized,  and  the  periodical  already  mentioned 
was  published  in  its  interests. 

MIeanwhile  the  country  members  were  not  idle.  As  early 
as  April,  1803,  Drs.  Ennalls  Martin,  Robert  Moore,  Stephen 
Theodore  Johnson  and  Tristram  Thomas,  all  founders  of  the 
Faculty,  from  Talbot  County,  earnestly  recommended  the 
practice  of  vaccination,  giving  notice  in  the  public  press  of 
Easton  that  they  were  fully  provided  with  genuine  cowpox 
matter  and  offering  to  inoculate  the  poor  without  fee  or  re- 
ward. "We  shall  think  ourselves  amply  compensated,"  they 
say,  "by  having  their  assistance  in  extirpating  a  disease  which 
has  heretofore  fell  so  peculiarly  heavy  on  that  numerous  class 
of  fellow-men."  (Md.  Herald  &  Eastern  Shore  Intelligencer, 
May,  1803.)  Accompanying  this  card  was  a  paper,  entitled 
"A  Comparative  View  of  Natural  Smallpox,  Inoculated  Small- 
pox and  Vaccination."     In  1816,  smallpox  being  epidemic  in 

50 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Queen  Anne  and   Dorchester  Counties,   Drs.  Robert  Golds- 
borough,  J.  K.  Harper  and  J.  D.  Emory  offered  to  vaccinate       1802 
the  poor  gratuitously,  and  by  their  zeal  overcame  the  prejudice 
there  against  the  operation. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  trace  this  subject  on  to  the  present 
time;  to  recall  the  various  experiments  in  vaccinating  and 
inoculating  the  cow  made  by  Jameson,  Leonard,  Knight  and 
others ;  to  describe  the  epidemics — frequently  arrested — that 
have  occurred  in  Maryland  since  the  introduction  of  vaccina- 
tion ;  to  tell  of  the  introduction  of  fresh  virus  from  the  famous 
Beaugency  stock  in  1866,  and  later  of  animal  virus,  and  finally 
of  the  crowning  of  all — the  use  of  aseptic  virus,  which  has 
marked  this  present  year.  But  the  pressure  of  other  matters 
forbids  giving  more  space  to  this  most  interesting  subject. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  to  appoint  an  orator  at  each 
meeting. 

The  following  persons  were  licensed,  after  examination,  to 
practice  physic  and  surgery :  Frederick  Henry  Shuman,  M.D., 
Grafton  Duvall,  M.D.,  Hugh  Whiteford,  M.D.,  Richard  Bowie, 
John  M.  Read  and  George  W.  Black. 

1803.  In  his  announcement  of  the  regular  biennial  meeting  1803 
the  Secretary  (Dr.  Potter)  alludes  to  the  fact  that  many  are 
still  practicing  without  regard  to  the  law,  notwithstanding  the 
appointment  of  censors  at  the  previous  meeting.  Many  of  the 
censors,  indeed,  had  made  no  returns.  That  those  gentlemen 
who  had  neglected  this  important  duty  with  which  the  Society 
had  entrusted  them  might  plead  no  apology  for  future  omis- 
sion, he  publishes  their  names  again.  He  also  announces  that 
certificates  of  membership  can  only  be  obtained  at  the  consti- 
tutional meetings  of  the  Faculty,  nor  does  the  possession  of  a 
diploma  from  a  medical  school  excuse  any  from  securing  a 

51 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

license.  Applicants  for  license  were  further  required  to  make 
1803  their  applications  at  least  three  weeks  in  advance  of  the  meet- 
ing of  the  Board. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  appointing  a  committee  of  five  to 
digest  a  plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  College  of  Physicians 
and  to  report  the  same  at  the  next  meeting.  On  this  com- 
mittee were  placed  Drs.  George  Brown,  James  Steuart,  J.  C. 
White,  Edward  Scott  and  John  B.  Davidge. 

The  Board  of  Examiners  was  announced  as  Drs.  John 
Archer,  Sr.,  George  Brown,  Charles  A.  Warfield,  John  Craw- 
ford, James  Steuart,  Ashton  Alexander,  Nathaniel  Potter, 
Ennalls  Martin,  S.  T.  Johnson,  Perry  E.  Noel,  Tristram 
Thomas  and  James  M.  Anderson,  Jr.  Dr.  H.  Wilkins  became 
Treasurer. 

1805  The  meeting  of   1805    was   held   in   Baltimore  at  the   cus- 

tomary date,  the  first  Monday  in  June.  The  physicians  of 
the  State  were  invited  through  the  newspapers  to  attend,  and 
those  not  already  members  to  become  so.  The  orator  ap- 
pointed in  1802  having  been  prevented  by  indisposition  from 
discharging  the  duty  at  the  session  of  1803,  did  so  this  year, 
so  that  there  were  two  orations  on  this  occasion,  one  by  Dr. 
John  Crawford,  the  other  by  Dr.  Davidge* — a  rare  treat  in- 
deed. During  the  early  years  of  its  history,  or  until  1839,  the 
Faculty  devoted  itself  almost  exclusively  to  its  executive 
duties — ^the  examination  and  license  of  physicians  and  sup- 
pression of  irregular  practice.  But  little  efifort  was  made  to 
render  the  meetings  scientific.  Essays  were  almost  unknown, 
and  the  reports  upon  the  different  branches  of  medicine  were 
not   inaugurated  until  the  late  thirties.     The  presidents  held 


*Dr.  Davidge's  lecture  is  in  the  S.-G.  Library,  Washington. 

52 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

office  for  an  indefinite  period,  and  presidential  addresses  did 
not,  therefore,  constitute  an  annual  resource,  as  now.  The  1805 
more  stately  "oration,"  with  its  wealth  of  classical  and  me- 
diaeval erudition,  and  its  opportunity  for  dealing  with  "glitter- 
ing generalities,"  was  more  in  accord  with  the  spirit  of  the 
times,  and  constituted,  doubtless,  the  leading  event  in  the 
biennial  meetings,  helping  to  give  interest  to  occasions  which 
must  have  been  greatly  lacking  in  it  to  the  general  practitioner, 
whose  attendance  was  not  secured  by  the  possession  of  an  office. 

Writing  lin  the  British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review,  January, 
1837,  Prof.  Robley  Dunglison  says :  "The  meetings  are  not 
attended  with  the  same  zeal  as  those  of  the  Massachusetts 
Medical  Society,  the  business  concerns  of  the  Faculty  being 
generally  left  to  the  management  of  a  few  members." 

The  following  were  among  the  earlier  orators  (doubtless  the 
list  is  incomplete)  :  1805,  Crawford  and  Davidge ;  1807,  En- 
nalls  Martin;  1809,  Owen  for  the  Western  Shore  and  Wm.  B, 
Keene  for  the  Eastern  Shore;  1813,  Hall  for  Western  Shore 
(oration  not  delivered  until  181 5),  and  Rees,  of  Easton,  for 
the  Eastern  Shore;  1817,  Potter;  1818,  DeBubts;  1820,  P.  K. 
Rogers;  1823,  Macaulay;  1829,  Richard  S.  Steuart ;  1830,  N.  R. 
Smith;  1831,  James  H.  Miller;  1833,  Fonerden ;  1834,  Ged- 
dings;  1835,  S.  Annan;  1841,  Collins;  1846,  N.  R.  Smith;  1848, 
Baxley;  1850,  C.  C.  Cox;  1851,  S.  B.  Martin.  Of  these, 
besides  Davidge's,  already  mentioned,  there  are  extant  Hall's 
"On  the  Medical  Law  of  1799,"  vol.  i,  Trans.  M.  &  C.  F. ; 
Macaulay's  "On  Medical  Improvement,"  pamphlet,  Hist.  Soc. 
Lib.,  and  Potter's  "Memoir  on  Contagion,"  8vo,  pp.  117, 
M.  &  C.  F.  Lib.  There  is  a  notice  of  Ennalls  Martin's 
"A  View  of  Fever,"  pp.  24,  8vo,  in  the  TV.  Y.  Repository  for 
January,  1808. 

53 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  1807  resolutions  were  passed  dividing'  the  State  into 
1807  seven  districts  and  members  were  urged  to  form  district 
societies  (Medical  and  Chirurgical  Societies),  to  meet  regularly 
and  send  delegates  to  the  biennial  meetings. 

I  copy  the  following  notice  of  the  biennial  meeting  held  in 
Baltimore  on  Monday,  June  i,  1807:  "It  was  very  respectably 
attended,  especially  by  the  country  practitioners  and  many  use- 
ful regulations  were  adopted.  The  public  business  was  finished 
on  Wednesday  evening  and  the  examination  of  candidates  com- 
menced on  Thursday  morning.  Thirteen  were  passed  with  the 
fullest  approbation  of  the  Board,  consisting  of  seven  members. 
This  duty  was  performed  with  strictness  and  perfect  impar- 
tiality, as  it  was  the  study  of  the  Board  to  do  ample  justice  to 
the  candidates  and  society.  During  this  examination  talents 
were  exhibited  much,  very  much,  superior  to  what  is  generally 
experienced.  It  would  not  be  an  exaggeration  of  language  to 
declare  that  in  some  instances  the  attainments  were  splendid. 
These  are  some  of  the  happy  consequences  of  a  law  which  was 
enacted  with  reluctance  and  continues  to  give  so  much  cause 
of  apprehension  to  many  that  it  is  deemed  hazardous  to  make 
any  further  appeal  to  the  Legislature  to  remedy  defects  lest 
the  opportunity  should  be  seized  to  annul  an  Act  which  must, 
when  its  salutary  effects  become  fully  known,  secure  conviction 
of  its  great  and  extensive  utility." 

This  notice  appears  in  the  Observer,  a  weekly  non-medical 
periodical  published  in  Baltimore,  vol.  i,  No.  25,  June  13,  1807. 
It  seems  to  have  been  written  by  Dr.  John  Crawford,  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Examiners  and  one  of  the  most  eminent  phy- 
sicians of  his  day. 

An  event  of  this  year  demands  an  extensive  notice ;  this  was 
the  founding  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland.  The 
bill  founding  this  college,  the  forerunner  of  the  University  of 

54 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Maryland,  which,  therefore,  emanated  from  and  owes  its  exist- 
ence directly  to  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  was  drawn  1807 
up  by  Dr.  John  Shaw,  who  moved  from  Annapolis  to  Balti- 
more in  February,  1807,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  joined 
with  Drs.  Davidge  and  Cocke  in  giving  a  course  of  lectures 
to  medical  students.  It  passed  both  houses  of  the  Legislature 
on  December  18. 

In  its  passage  through  the  House,  an  amendment  was  pro- 
posed, making  the  college  a  part  of  St.  Mary's  College  on 
North  Paca  Street,  which  then  had  a  literary  department  and 
aspired  to  the  dignity  of  an  university,  but  now  is  limited  to  the 
education  of  priests  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  The 
amendment  was  lost  and  the  bill  passed  unaltered.  Shortly 
before  this,  Dr.  Davidge  had  erected  on  ground  belonging  to 
himself,  on  Liberty  Street,  near  Saratoga,  a  small  building  for 
anatomical  purposes.  He  procured  a  subject  and  began  the 
instruction  of  his  students,  but  the  matter  becoming  known, 
a  crowd  gathered  in  front,  and  increasing  in  noise  and  num- 
bers, soon  resorted  to  violence,  destroying  entirely  the  building 
and  its  contents.  The  prejudice  against  dissection  in  Baltimore 
was  very  great,  and  a  very  general  approval  was  given  to  the 
act  of  the  mob.  But  one  voice  was  raised  against  it,  signed 
"Celsus."  Upon  the  profession,  however,  it  had  the  opposite 
effect.  They  rallied  to  the  support  of  Davidge  and  his  col- 
leagues, a  site  was  offered  "in  the  precincts"  for  the  institution, 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  collect  funds,  and  pressure  was 
brought  to  bear  to  secure  the  necessary  legislation.  This  was 
the  second  and  last  "dissection  mob,"  which  occurred  in  Bal- 
timore. It  is  referred  to  in  the  Observer,  in  Potter's  "Some 
Account  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land," 1838,  and  in  Scharf's  "Chronicles  of  Baltimore." 

55 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

This  bill  or  charter  provided  for  a  very  close  relationship 
1807  between  the  Faculty  and  the  college.  The  third  section  enacts 
"that  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  for  the 
State  for  the  time  being,  together  with  the  president  and  the 
professors  of  the  said  college  and  their  successors,  shall  be 
and  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  one  community,  corporation  and 
body  politic,  to  have  continuance  forever  by  the  name  of  the 
Regents  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland."  The 
regents  and  their  successors  are  empowered  "to  receive  and 
hold  property,  both  real  and  personal,  and  to  dispose  of  the 
same  at  pleasure,  to  sue  and  be  sued,  and  to  do  all  and  every 
other  matter  and  thing  in  as  full  and  effectual  a  manner  as  any 
other  person  or  persons,  body  politic  or  corporate,  in  like  cases 
may  or  can  do."  They  are  empowered  to  appoint  professors 
for  the  different  branches  and  also  lecturers  upon  the  sciences 
connected  with  medicine,  these  jointly  to  constitute  the  faculty 
of  the  college.  Every  licentiate  of  the  Board  of  Examiners 
who  shall  have  practiced  five  years  within  the  State,  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  surgeon's  certificate  from  the  college.  The 
degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Doctor  of  Medicine  are  to  be  obtained 
after  one  and  two  years'  attendance,  respectively,  an  examina- 
tion which  is  to  be  both  private  and  public,  and  the  writing  of  a 
thesis.  The  eighteenth  section  enacts  "that  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  in  the  State  of  Maryland  shall  be  consid- 
ered as  the  patrons  and  visitors  of  said  college,  and  their 
President  for  the  time  being  shall  be  chancellor  of  the  college, 
and  the  medical  faculty  of  the  said  college  shall  give  into  the 
said  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  at  each  of  their  biennial 
meetings,  a  report  of  the  progress  of  learning  in  the  said  col- 
lege and  of  such  other  particulars  as  they  may  think  fit  to  com- 
municate." 

56 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  first  members  of  the  Faculty  named  in  the  Act  were 
"John  B.  Davidge,  M.D.,  and  James  Cocke,  M.D.,  joint  pro-  1807 
fessors  of  anatom}^,  surgery  and  physiology;  George  Brown, 
M.D.,  professor  of  the  practice  and  theory  of  medicine ;  John 
Shaw,  M.D.,  professor  of  chemistry ;  Thomas  E.  Bond,  M.D., 
professor  of  materia  medica,  and  William  Donaldson,  M.D., 
professor  of  the  institutes  of  medicine." 

Drs.  Shaw,  Bond  and  Donaldson  were  not  entitled  to  the 
degree  here  applied  to  them.  The  way  in  which  they  happened 
to  have  it  was  this :  When  the  bill  was  being  read  in  the  Leg- 
islature, a  friend  of  one  of  these  gentlemen  remarked  that  he 
did  not  see  why  he  should  not  be  an  M.D.  as  well  as  the  others. 
No  one  objected  and  so  the  title  was  added  to  all  the  names 
where  it  was  wanting.  They  all  became  "Doctors  of  Medicine 
by  Act  of  Assembly,"  the  only  instance  of  the  sort,  I  imagine, 
on  record.  (Biographical  Introduction  to  "Poems  of  John 
Shaw,"  Baltimore,  1810,  Peabody  Library.) 

A  very  close  relation  is  thus  seen  to  have  been  contem- 
plated between  the  college  and  the  Society.  The  former,  in 
fact,  seems  to  have  been  entirely  under  the  control  of  the  latter 
since  the  Board  of  Examiners,  twelve  in  number,  constituted 
a  majority  of  the  regents.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  these 
relations  were  permanent  and  that  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  has  never  yielded  up  any  of  the  rights  and  privileges 
granted  it  by  this  charter.  In  the  celebrated  case  of  Regents 
of  the  University  of  Maryland  vs.  Trustees  of  same,  tried  in 
1839,  the  Court  of  Appeals  so  decided.  The  Faculty  could 
therefore  at  any  time,  if  it  were  so  disposed,  reassert  and  legally 
enforce  its  claims  to  the  management  of  the  college,  now  the 
School  of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  Maryland.  Such  an 
event  is  not  in  the  remotest  degree  likely  to  occur,  if  for  no 
other  reason  for  this,  that  the  Faculty  has  its  hands  quite  full 

57 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

attending  to  its  own  concerns  without  seeking-  to  add  to  its 
1807      burden  the  running  of  a  college. 

The  arrangement  of  1807  does,  however,  seem  to  have  been 
very  near  perfect  and  the  members  of  the  Faculty  must  have 
contemplated  it  with  great  satisfaction,  providing  as  it  did  the 
one  thing  lacking  in  their  system,  the  facilities  for  instruction 
to  those  who  aspired  to  a  place  in  the  ranks  of  the  profession. 
It  is  interesting  to  note — and  I  stop  in  this  place  to  note  it — 
that  although  in  the  course  of  events  the  Society  lost  its  influ- 
ence and  importance  while  the  college  acquired  an  increase  of 
both,  time  has  established  a  more  just  equilibrium  by  making 
the  Society  again  the  guardian  of  professional  interests,  the 
keeper  at  the  gate,  through  which  the  college  graduate  must 
pass  before  he  can  enter  on  the  practice  of  medicine.  And  all 
who  are  not  swayed  by  prejudice  or  self-interest  must  rejoice 
that  the  old  Faculty,  shorn  so  long  and  so  unjustly  of  rights 
that  had  been  granted  to  it  with  the  most  solemn  assurances 
of  inalienability  and  perpetuity  by  the  ultimate  arbiter  of  such 
matters  in  the  State,  has  at  last  recovered  its  authority  and  pres- 
tige. 

In  1807  Baltimore  had  a  population  of  about  40,000, 
being  the  third  oity  in  size  in  the  Union.  It  was  then  nearly 
half  the  size  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  Although  the 
last  of  the  great  Atlantic  seaports  to  be  founded  and  although 
but  a  small  town  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  it  had 
become  a  great  centre  of  trade  and  population.  At  this  time 
the  medical  schools  in  the  United  States,  with  the  date  of  their 
founding,  were:  University  of  Pennsylvania  (first  called  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia),  1765;  Harvard,  1782;  Dartmouth,  1798; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1807.  In  the 
session  of  1807-08  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  had  270  stu- 
dents and  60  graduates.     There  were  already  two  collegiate 

58 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

institutions  in  Baltimore,  the  Baltimore  College  which  sprang 
from  Mr.  James  Priestly's  Academy  in  1804,  a^^d  St.  Mary's  1807 
College,  founded  by  French  priests  of  the  Catholic  Order  of 
St.  Sulpice  in  1791.  There  was  one  public  library,  the  "Balti- 
more Library,"  founded  in  1796,  which  contained  at  this  time 
"no  inconsiderable  collection  of  books  upon  medical  science." 
There  were  three  hospitals,  the  City  and  County  Almshouse, 
near  the  site  of  Howard  and  Madison  Streets,  the  Marine  Hos- 
pital and  the  Baltimore  or  Maryland  Hospital,  situated  where 
the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  now  is.  The  last  was  not  limited 
to  the  treatment  of  the  insane  until  1838. 

The  lectures  having  already  partially  begun  were  continued 
during  the  winter  of  1807-08,  with  the  added  respect  derived 
from  legal  sanction.  At  the  beginning  they  were  given  at  the 
residences  of  the  professors,  with  such  apparatus  and  acces- 
sories as  could  be  improvised  for  the  occasion.  Some  clinical 
lectures  were  also  delivered  at  the  Almshouse.  Later  an  old 
and  much  dilapidated  schoolhouse,  situated  on  Fayette  (then 
called  "Chatham")  Street,  at  the  corner  of  McClellan's  Alley, 
was  secured  and  this  continued  to  be  used  until  the  completion 
of  the  building  on  Lombard  Street.  The  first  course  was  an 
incomplete  one,  consisting  only  of  the  lectures  already  begun. 
At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  on  December  28, 
Dr.  Brown  resigned  his  chair  and  on  his  motion  was  succeeded 
by  Dr.  Nathaniel  Potter.  Dr.  Brown  was  made  President  of 
the  Board  of  Regents  and  Dr.  Davidge  Dean  of  the  Faculty. 
Dr.  Potter  did  not  begin  his  lectures  until  December,  1808. 
Dr.  Donaldson's  health  was  so  bad  that  he  was  compelled  to 
withdraw,  and  Dr.  Bond  also  withdrew  to  the  country  for  a 
similar  reason.  The  duties  of  the  chair  of  Institutes  were 
assigned  to  the  other  chairs  and  the  vacancy  in  the  department 
of  materia  medica  was  not  filled  until   1809.     Dissection  was 

59 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

suspended  for  some  time  after  the  "outrage."     The  class  the 
1807      first  year  consisted  of  seven,  the  second  of  ten,  the  third  of 
eighteen.     The  first  students  were  graduated  in  1810,  five  in 
number;   in  181 1  there  were  ten  graduates. 

The  names  of  these  graduates  are  unknown.  The  fact  of 
their  graduation  rests  solely  upon  the  statement  of  Dr.  Potter, 
in  his  pamphlet,  "Some  Account  of  the  Rise  and  Progress  of 
the  University  of  Maryland,"  1838.  (Hist.  Soc.  Lib.)  I  think 
it  fair  to  conclude  that  the  five  graduates  of  18 10  were  among 
those  who  were  licensed  by  the  Faculty  to  practice  in  June, 
1 810,  and  I  venture  to  think  that  their  names  are  Francis  Cook- 
sey,  George  T.  Gunby,  James  Orrick,  William  H.  Dorsey  and 
either  Robert  W.  Armstrong  or  Handy  Harris  Irving.  There 
is  much  difficulty  in  reaching  a  conclusion  on  this  point,  which 
is  one  of  some  interest  to  friends  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, but  on  a  careful  study  of  the  list  of  names  of  licentiates 
of  1810,  given  in  the  Treasurer's  report,  I  have  been  able  to 
eliminate  from  consideration  all  but  these  six.  The  first  names 
of  graduates  of  the  College  published  are  John  O'Connor,  of 
Baltimore ;  Charles  L.  Snyder,  of  Hampshire  Co.,  Va. ;  Henry 
Curtis,  of  Richmond,  Va. ;  Corbin  Amos,  of  Harford  Co.,  Md., 
and  Thomas  D.  Jones,  of  Somerset  Co.,  Md.  ("Bait.  Med.  and 
Philos.  Lycaeum,"  Potter,  vol.  i,  No.  4.)  These  gentlemen  got 
their  degrees  in  1812.  The  following  is  a  copy  of  one  of  the 
diplomas  of  this  class,  now  in  the  Faculty  room  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland: 

Collegium  Medicinae  Terrae  Mariae 

Omnibus  ad  quos  hae  liferae  pervenerint, 

Salutem. 

Quuni  vir  ornatus  et  summis  animi  dotibus  instructus,  Cor- 

bineus  Amos,  postquam  pleno  gradu  arti  medicae  studiiisset, 

60 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

nos  honores  academicos  poposcerit,  seque  periculum  sui  facere 
in  rebus  medicis  paratum  ostenderit,  per  universam  emn  1807 
medicinam  examinavimns.  In  quo  periculo  cum  scientiarum  ac 
.  medendi  artis  se  abunde  peritum  probaverit,  nos  dictum  Cor- 
bineum  Amos  Medicinae  Doctorem  creandum  et  declarandum 
censuimus,  eumque  Medicinae  Doctorem  creavimus  et  declar- 
avimus,  et  his  Uteris  Doctorem  constituimus,  atque  apud  omnes 
haberi  et  appellari  voluimus,  eique  facultatem  plenissimam 
damns  de  re  medica  docendi  et  considtandi,  et  denique  tam  med- 
icinae theoreticae  quam  practicae  munera  ubicunque  terrarum 
exercendi  et  omnes  simul  honores^  et  jura  et  privilegia,  ei  con- 
cedimus,  quae  Medicinae  Doctori  usquam  gentium  conceduntur. 
In  quorum  iidem  Uteris  hisce  sigillo  CoUegii  communi  muni- 
tis  nomina  nostra  subscripsimus. 

Datum   Urbe  Baltimoriensi  Mensis  Maii  die  quarto  Anno 
Domini  MDCCCXIL 

Carolus  a.  Warfield, 

Praeses. 
Joannes  B.  Davidge,  M.D., 
Jacobus  Cocke,  M.D., 

Profess.  Anat.   et  Chirurg.  et 
Physiol,  simul  docentes. 
Elisha  DeButts,  M.D., 

Chimiae  Profess. 
Nathaniel  Potter^  M.D., 
Theoreticae  Medicinae  et 
Praxeos  Prof. 
Samuel  Baker,  M.D., 

Profess.  Mat.  Med. 

The  above  diploma  is  in  a  perfect    state    of    preservation, 
including  its  large  oval  seal.     The  names  of  the  graduates  of 

6i 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1811  are  unknown.    They  were  probably  some  of  the  Hcentiates 

1807      of  that  year:    Robert  Dawson,  Stanislaus  Coomes,  Benjamin 

J.    Semmes,   Wm.    N.    Luckey,   Charles   D.    Bruce,   Jonathan 

Waters  (  ?),  John  Shaafif  Stockett  (  ?),  Henry  Stonestreet  (  ?)• 

The  expenses  were  borne  equally  by  the  members  of  the 
Faculty  of  the  College ;  there  is  no  evidence  that  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  gave  any  assistance  in  this  direction. 

Dr.  Shaw's  health  gave  way  before  the  close  of  the  first 
session,  and  he  died  on  the  tenth  of  January,  1809,  of  a  rapid 
pulmonary  consumption.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Elisha  De 
Butts.  Samuel  Baker  was  chosen  to  the  vacancy  in  materia 
medica  in  the  same  year.  The  other  additions  in  the  Faculty 
during  the  college  period  were  William  Gibson,  professor  of 
surgery,  and  Richard  Wilmot  Hall,  adjunct  professor  of 
obstetrics,  1812. 

The  necessity  of  a  suitable  building  was  early  apparent. 
There  being  none  in  the  city  that  could  be  converted  to  their 
purpose,  the  Faculty  determined  to  build,  and  an  act  was  pro- 
cured from  the  Legislature  early  in  1808  authorizing  the  draw- 
ing of  a  lottery  for  the  benefit  of  the  college.  Subsequently 
other  acts  were  passed.  To  Dr.  James  Cocke  was  due  the  credit 
of  placing  the  institution  upon  a  successful  financial  footing. 
But  little  was  realized  however  from  the  lottery  until  after  the 
college  had  passed  into  an  university.  Financial  aid  was  re- 
ceived from  Colonel  Howard  and  other  wealthy  citizens.  A  lot 
was  purchased  from  Colonel  Howard  on  the  northeast  comer  of 
Lombard  and  Greene  Streets,  and  a  building  was  here  begun  on 
the  seventh  of  May,  1812,  under  direction  of  Mr.  R.  C.  Long, 
a  distinguished  architect  of  the  day.  That  building,  constructed 
after  the  model  of  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  still  serves  for  the 
purposes  oi  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  in  its  massive 
proportions  bids  fair  to  endure  for  centuries.     When  erected 


UPTON    SCOTT 
17J2-1814. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

it  stood  almost  alone  in  the  Western  Precincts,  and  excited  the 
pride  and  admiration  of  the  entire  community.     From  it  a  fine       1807 
view  was  had  of  the  Patapsco  and  Chesapeake.    This  building 
was  so  far  advanced  as  to  be  partly  tenantable  during  the  ses- 
sion of  1812-13. 

Meanwhile  arose  the  idea  of  engrafting  upon  the  college  an 
university.  A  memorial  for  the  passage  of  an  Act  to  found 
an  university  was  presented  to  the  Legislature  by  the  President 
and  Professors  of  the  College,  with  the  approval  and  advice  of 
the  Board  of  Regents.  The  Act  was  passed  December  29,  1812. 
By  it  the  College  of  Medicine  "is  authorized  to  constitute, 
appoint  and  annex  to  itself  the  other  three  colleges  or  faculties," 
Divinity,  Law,  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  "the  four  faculties  or 
colleges  thus  united,  shall  be  constituted  an  university  by  the 
name  and  under  the  title  of  the  University  of  Maryland."  With 
this  Act  control  of  the  institution  passed  in  all  probability  for- 
ever from  the  hands  of  the  Society.  The  latter  is  not 
alluded  to  in  the  Act.  There  appears  to  have  been  no  formal 
relinquishment  of  rights,  but  there  was  no  avowed  opposition. 
The  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland,  in  an  opinion  delivered  at 
its  December  term,  1838,  declared  that  the  Act  of  1807  was 
still  in  force  and  that  the  second  charter  did  not  invalidate  the 
first ;  that  in  adding  to  the  College  of  Medicine  other  colleges, 
the  former  did  not  lose  its  identity  or  continuity,  but  continued 
amenable  to  the  law  of  1807.  Practically,  however,  the  two 
bodies  severed  their  connection  absolutely  at  this  point.  No 
attempt  has  ever  been  made  to  exercise  any  further  authority 
under  the  original  charter  and  none  ever  will  be.  Therefore 
the  history  of  the  institution  ceases  longer  to  have  any  interest 
in  this  connection  and  I  shall  proceed  to  consider  other  matters 
of  interest. 

5  63 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

From  a  study  of  the  list  of  members  published  with  the 
1807  "Summary"  of  1807,  I  find  that  the  whole  membership  at  that 
date  was  257,  including  the  loi  founders;  only  some  40-odd 
appear  to  have  had  a  degree,  M'.B.  or  M.D. 

Mention  should  be  made  of  the  appointment  this  year  of  a 
committee  of  twelve,  styled  "Committee  of  Correspondence, 
Record  and  Publication,"  whose  duty  it  was  "to  solicit  and 
receive  papers  on  medical  and  other  subjects  connected  there- 
with and  as  soon  as  sufficient  matter  shall  have  been  collected, 
to  publish  a  volume  to  be  called  'The  Transactions  of  the  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,'  to  be  continued 
annually,  provided  the  necessary  materials  shall  present  them- 
selves." On  this  committee  were  Drs.  George  Brown,  Warfield, 
Crawford,  Martin,  Shaw,  Donaldson,  Bond,  Davidge,  Alexan- 
der and  Potter,  and  two  years  later  they  published  a  pamphlet 
styled  "Appendix,"  giving  an  abstract  of  the  proceedings  of 
1807  and  1809. 

1809  1809.     At  the  regular  biennial  meeting  held  this  year,  Dr. 

Samuel  Baker  was  elected  Secretary,  vice  Dr.  Nathaniel  Potter, 
resigned,  and  Dr.  Solomon  Birckhead  was  elected  Treasurer, 
vice  Dr.  John  Shaw,  deceased.  Dr.  John  Owen,  of  Baltimore, 
was  elected  orator  for  the  Western  Shore  and  Dr.  W.  B. 
Keene  for  the  Eastern  Shore.  The  Medical  Examiners  were 
Drs.  Crawford,  Birckhead,  Davidge,  Bond,  C.  A.  Warfield, 
Cromwell,  Potter,  E.  Martin,  J.  M.  Anderson,  Noel,  and  T. 
Thomas.    Seven  candidates  were  licensed. 

The  case  of  one  L.  S.  Rodriques,  practicing  without  author- 
ity in  the  city,  was  reported  and  Dr.  Allender,  the  censor,  in 
whose  district  he  resided,  was  ordered  to  proceed  against  him. 
"Dr.  Allender's  deportment,"  at  was  said,  "has  been  liberal, 
forbearing  and  just  towards  Rodriques,  who  has  refused  to 

64 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

submit  to  examination."    The  result  of  this  arraignment  is  not 
known,  but  the  name   of    "L.    Rodriquez"    was    among   those       1809 
who  received  small  sums  from  the  City  Council  in  1820  for  their 
services  in  connection  with  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever. 

A  list  of  persons  elected  to  membership  "since  1807"  includes 
sixty-one  names,  of  whom  thirteen  are  accorded  the  title  of 
M.D. 

There  is  in  the  Faculty's  archives  a  bill  against  Dr.  S.  Baker 
for  "50  large  skins  of  parchment  at  $1  each,"  dated  September 
4,  1809.  It  is  the  oldest  MS.  record  extant  there  with  two 
exceptions. 

181 1.  Dr.  Philip  Thomas  was  reelected  President,  Dr. 
James  Smith,  of  vaccination  fame,  was  elected  Treasurer,  vice  I8II 
Dr.  Birckhead,  resigned,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  Secretary. 
The  financial  statement  is,  receipts  $350.25,  balance  on  hand 
$69.62^.  The  following  were  elected  Examiners:  Drs.  Craw- 
ford, Warfield,  Cromwell,  Donaldson,  Potter  and  Baker.  Dr. 
Richard  Wilmot  Hall  was  elected  orator  for  the  Western 
Shore  and  Dr.  John  T.  Rees  for  the  Eastern  Shore.  Jonathan 
Waters,  Robert  Dawson,  Henry  Stonestreet,  Charles  D.  Bruce, 
Stanislaus  Coomes,  Benedict  J.  Semmes,  I.  B.  Taylor,  William 
N.  Luckey  and  Corbin  Amos,  "having  passed  through  their 
examinations,  were  regularly  received  into  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty." 

The  Board  of  Examiners  was  directed  to  hold  two  meetings 
a  year  on  each  Shore,  one  in  the  spring  and  the  other  in  the 
fall  and  candidates  were  required  to  hand  in  their  names  before 
the  examination  began. 

Among  the  archives  is  a  report  of  the  "Censors  of  Balti- 
more," dated  June  i,  181 1,  which  bears  the  impress  of  Dr. 
John    Crawford's   hand   and   is   here   reproduced   in   abstract: 

65 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

June  I,  1811.  Report  of  Censors  of  Baltimore.  Met  at  Dr. 
1811  Crawford's  office  this  evening;  present,  Dr.  Cromwell,  Chair- 
man pro  tern.,  Smith,  Smyth,  Allender  and  Crawford,  Secretary. 
Have  had  repeated  meetings  since  appointment.  Continue  to 
lament  the  difficulties  they  have  experienced  in  bringing  de- 
faulters to  justice  or  in  preventing  them  from  committing  out- 
rages on,  an  uninformed  and  large  class  of  our  citizens.  They 
are  still  fully  persuaded  that  a  conviction  in  the  minds  of  mag- 
istrates of  their  not  being  authorized  to  give  judgment  in 
favor  of  claimants  for  medical  services  who  could  not  produce 
a  license  to  practice  as  the  law  prescribed  would  greatly  dimin- 
ish the  evil  complained  of.  They  therefore  strongly  recom- 
mend that  authority  be  granted  to  the  Board  of  Censors  to 
prosecute  such  measures  in  the  name  of  the  Medical  Faculty  of 
the  State  as  in  their  judgment  might  be  best  calculated  to 
secure  a  due  regard  for  the  law  and  a  strict  enforcement  of  its 
beneficial  penalties.  This,  perhaps,  would  be  most  certainly 
accomplished  by  obtaining  and  publishing  the  opinion  of  one 
or  more  of  the  most  respectable  lawyers  on  the  subject.  The 
Board  of  Censors  having  had  little  business  to  transact  strictly 
appertaining  to  the  object  of  their  institution  had  directed  their 
attention  to  the  description  of  diseases  that  had  appeared  in 
Baltimore  since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Faculty  in  1809,  ^^ 
enumeration  of  which  they  present  in  the  hope  that  it  would 
prove  acceptable.  The  diseases  are  given  by  months  with 
remarks,  commencing  June,  1809,  with  cholera  infantum,  chol- 
era morbus,  diarrhoea,  dysentery,  cynanche  tonsillaris,  inter- 
mittent, rheumatism.  Dysentery  prevailed  in  the  early  part 
of  the  month ;  there  were  a  few  cases  of  ardent  fever,  and  ery- 
sipelas was  prevalent  and  refractory.  Intermittents  figure 
largely.  They  "generally  yielded  to  the  cinchona."  "One 
case  of  cholera  morbus  terminated  in  typhus."     "A  convales- 

66 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cent  from  bilious  fever  relapsed  from  a  violent  fit  of  anger 
and  was  relieved  from  almost  a  state  of  asphyxia  by  alcohol,       1811 
wine  and  mosch."     A  case  of  iliac  passion,  wherein  faeces  were 
discharged  by  the  mouth  as  fully  formed  as  if  from  the  anus, 
was  successfully  treated  by  enemata  composed  of  ol.  terebinth, 
iiss,  nicotiana  Jj,  aq.  bul.  lb.  j.      Typhus  is  among  the  diseases 
enumerated  and  in  December,   1809,  "typhus  mitior"  occurs. 
Pleurisy  and  peripneumony  were  frequent  in  the  winter,  and 
catarrh  with  the  characteristic  dyspnoea  of  cynanche  tonsillaris. 
There  were  some  cases  of  mania  and  melancholia,  one  in  De- 
cember "of  Chorea  St.  Viti  in  a  lady,  who  endeavored  during 
the  paroxysm  to  bite  her  physician.    He  gave  her  a  smart  box 
on  the  side  of  her  head  which  instantly  secured  decorum."    Her 
hair  was  cut  off  and  by  cold  applications  to  her  head  she  was 
speedily  relieved.    In  the  same  month  "the  bite  of  a  cat  induced 
a  series  of  spasmodic  affections,  some  of  them  ludicrous,  which 
finally  terminated  in  epilepsy."     In  January,  1810,  abscess  of 
the   liver   is   reported ;    catarrhal   affections    in   two   instances 
accompanied  with  inflammation  and  suppuration  of  the  sub- 
lingual glands ;   several  cases  of  febris  catarrhalis  biliosa ;   one 
of  a  large  indolent  and  insensible  tumor  of  the  parotid  glands, 
accompanied  with  a  teasing  cough,  diarrhoea  and  anasarca  over 
the  whole  surface;    "phthysis  pulmonalis"  unusually  frequent. 
"A  striking  proof  of  its  contagious  nature  occurred  in  a  woman 
who  contracted  that  disease  about  eighteen  months  ago.     It  was 
not  until  last  month  that  the  disease  was  manifest  in  her  hus- 
band.   Both  had  a  colliquative  diarrhoea,  the  latter  from  nearly 
the  commencement,  the  former  in  the  early  part  of  the  disease." 
With  the  coming  of  April,  1810,  intermittents  reappear,  hith- 
erto absent ;    also  cholera  infantum.     "Bilious  in   some  cases 
ardent.     Many  cases  of  haemoptysis,  one  fatal.     Pertussis  fre- 
quent, often  severe,  to  several  fatal ;    in  two  instances  sensible 

67 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

relief  obtained  by  vaccination."  In  May  "a  disease  of  the 
1811  testes  in  a  boy  occasioned  by  self-pollution."  In  August  ninety 
deaths  from  cholera  infantum,  in  the  August  before  (1809) 
only  forty-three  occurring.  Again  in  October  we  have  typhus 
mitior.  From  March  to  May,  181 1,  smallpox  and  spotted  fever 
are  noted. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  security  furnished  by  Dr. 
Smith,  Treasurer:  "Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  we, 
James  Smith  and  Solomon  Birckhead,  of  Baltimore  County, 
are  held  and  firmly  bound  unto  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  of  the  State  of  Maryland  in  the  sum  of  $1500,  money 
of  the  United  States,  to  be  paid  to  the  said  Faculty  or  to  their 
certain  attorney  or  assigns,  to  which  payment  well  and  truly 
to  be  made  and  done  we  bind  ourselves,  our  heirs,  executors 
and  administrators  firmly  by  these  presents,  sealed  with  our 
seals  and  dated  this  fifth  day  of  June,  181 1.  Whereas  the  above- 
named  James  Smith  has  been  appointed  Treasurer  of  the  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  the  State  of  Maryland  and  is 
empowered  to  collect  all  money  arising  from  licenses  given 
by  the  Board  of  Examiners  and  to  receive  all  donations  that 
may  be  made  to  the  Faculty  and  shall  pay  the  same  agreeably 
to  the  order  of  the  President  or  Secretary  or  any  two  of  the 
Examiners  and  shall  take  charge  of  and  preserve  for  the  use 
of  the  Faculty  all  property  of  whatsoever  kind  it  may  be :  Now 
the  condition  of  this  obligation  is  such  that  if  the  above-bound 
James  Smith  shall  faithfully  discharge  the  trust  reposed  in  him, 
then  the  above  obligations  to  be  void,  else  to  be  and  remain  in 
full  force  and  virtue  in  law.  Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in 
the  presence  of  Samuel  Baker,  Secretary. 

James  Smith,  [seal] 

Solomon  Birckhead."  [seal] 
68 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1813.  At  the  time  of  the  biennial  meeting,  June  7,  there  was 
much  excitement  in  consequence  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  1813 
and  the  proceedings  were  consequently  cut  short.  There  were 
twenty-three  members  present  at  the  opening  with  Dr.  Philip 
Thomas  in  the  chair.  Dr.  Thomas  was  reelected  and  Dr.  Arnest 
was  chosen  Recording  Secretary,  vice  Dr.  Baker,  declining 
reelection.  Dr.  James  Smith  was  reelected  Treasurer.  The 
Western  Board  of  Examiners  consisted  of  Drs.  Davidge,  De 
Butts,  Potter,  Cocke,  Gibson  and  Donaldson,  embracing  as  will 
be  noted  every  member  of  the  University  Faculty  with  the 
exception  of  Dr.  R.  W.  Hall,  who  was  the  orator.  This  shows 
the  increasing  influence  of  the  college,  which  had  now  occupied 
its  great  building  on  Lombard  Street  and  was  stretching  out 
after  university  rank.  A  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to 
prepare  testimonials  on  the  lives  of  Drs.  C.  A.  Warfield  and 
John  Crawford,  deceased.  Dr.  Hall,  the  orator  for  the  West- 
ern Shore,  apologized  for  non-compliance  with  his  duty  and  as 
Dr.  Rees,  the  orator  for  the  Eastern  Shore,  was  prevented 
from  attending  the  meeting  "by  imperious  circumstances,"  it 
was  resolved  that  both  be  requested  to  deliver  their  orations 
at  the  next  convention. 


181 5.  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  the  President,  having  recently 
died,  it  was  necessary  to  select  a  successor,  and  Dr.  Ennalls 
Martin,  of  Easton,  was  chosen  to  the  high  office.  Dr.  Martin, 
who  was  perhaps  the  most  eminent  physician  on  the  Eastern 
Shore,  was  well  worthy  of  the  honor.  He  signalized  the  occa- 
sion of  his  election  by  reading  at  the  annual  convention  "An 
Essay  on  the  Epidemics  in  the  Winters  of  1813  and  1814  in 
Talbot  and  Queen  Anne  Counties,  Maryland"  (Bait.,  i2mo,  pp. 
78). 

But  the  event  of  this  convention  seems  to  have  been  the 
scholarly  oration  of  Dr.  Richard  Wilmot  Hall,  delivered  in  the 

69 


1815 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Chemical  Hall  of  the  University,  on  the  fifth  of  June.  The 
1815  delivery  had  been  postponed  from  the  meeting  of  1813,  '^^ 
account  of  the  state  of  the  country. 

Dr.  Hall  took  for  his  subject  "The  Medical  Law  of  I799-" 
He  said  the  law  had  met  with  opposition  and  the  purity 
of  motives  of  the  Legislature  in  passing  it  had  been  questioned ; 
its  necessity  and  justice  had  been  denied  and  its  sanctity  vio- 
lated. It  was  said  to  have  established  a  monopoly,  confining 
the  benefits  of  medical  practice  to  a  select  few.  The  result, 
however,  had  justified  the  wisdom  of  its  passage,  for  the  num- 
ber of  empirics  in  the  State  was  now  comparatively  small  and 
daily  decreasing,  whilst  the  medical  profession  had  acquired 
greater  respectability  and  public  confidence.  The  conduct  of 
physicians  had  become  less  ostentatious  and  more  rational. 

This  is  most  interesting  testimony  to  the  salutary  effects 
of  the  law  from  one  who,  although  not  a  founder,  could  yet 
recall  the  very  beginning  of  the  organization  and  had  the  fullest 
opportunities  of  information  upon  the  subject. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  copies  of  this  oration  were  published 
at  an  expense  of  $20. 

The  following  was  the  Treasurer's  report  (Dr.  Handy),  pre- 
sented June  6,  181 5: 

Society  owns  in  funded  stock — 

5  shares  Farmers  Bank  of  Md.,  cost $250.00 

32  shares  Commercial  and  Farmers  Bank  of  Md., 

cost 919.00 

$1169.00 
Amount  paid  into  hands  of  Treasurer  up  to  date.  .   $920.37^^ 
Expenses  to  date 778-55 

Balance  in  hand  above  date $141.82 J^ 

70 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A  special  meeting  was  held  in  Baltimore  in  December, 
1816,  to  endeavor  to  carry  into  effect  the  resolutions  of  1816 
1807  relating  to  the  formation  of  district  medical  societies.  By 
these  resolutions  a  division  of  the  State  was  contemplated  into 
seven  districts  for  the  purpose  of  more  perfect  organization 
and  effective  cooperation.  The  physicians  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  had  anticipated  this  action  by  the  formation  of  a  society 
in  the  sixth  district  composed  of  Talbot,  Caroline  and  Queen 
Anne  Counties,  with  headquarters  at  Easton.  The  first  meet- 
ing was  held  at  Easton,  November  5,  181 5,  and  Dr.  Tristram 
Thomas  was  elected  President.  Dr.  Thomas  presented  to  the 
special  meeting  a  report  of  this  society  of  which  I  make  the 
following  abstract : 

"In  conformity  to  several  resolutions  passed  by  the  Faculty 
of  Maryland  at  their  session  in  June,  1807,  dividing  the  State 
into  medical  districts  with  a  view  to  the  establishment  of  Dis- 
trict Medical  Societies  for  the  promotion  of  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Knowledge,"  in  November,  1815,  the  members  of  the 
Faculty  residing  in  the  Sixth  Medical  District  were  invited 
by  public  notice  to  meet  at  Easton  for  that  purpose.  The  So- 
ciety was  then  organized.  One  stated  and  two  adjourned  meet- 
ings had  been  held  and  he  had  much  pleasure  in  saying  that 
the  Society  though  in  its  infancy  was  in  a  flourishing  state  and 
promised  to  gratify  the  objects  contemplated  by  the  resolutions. 
He  hoped  that  such  a  degree  of  zeal  had  been  excited  as  would 
tend  to  the  advancement  of  medical  science.  The  minutes 
of  this  Society  are  still  in  existence  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  James 
S.  Chaplain,  of  Trappe,  and  I  have  found  four  interesting 
papers  in  the  archives  which  appear  to  have  been  read  before  it : 

(i)  Dr.  Tristram  Thomas  (1816)  treated  a  case  of  tetanus 
by  dilating  the  wound  and  filling  it  with  spirits  of  turpentine 
on  lint,  a  poultice  over  this  and  frequent  immersion  of  the  foot 

71 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  a  bath  of  warm  lie;  internally,  laudanum,  80  drops  at  once 
1816  and  after  that  50  drops  every  two  hours,  with  a  glass  of  Ma- 
deira wine  every  hour.  Next  day  the  symptoms  being  the  same, 
mercurial  ointment  was  rubbed  in  the  neck  every  three  hours. 
These  measures  appearing  to  be  of  no  avail,  an  issue  was  made 
on  the  nape  with  caustic  potash,  which  effected  a  cure. 

(2)  Dr.  Ennalls  Martin's  paper  was  on  "Strangulated  Her- 
nia" and  of  great  interest.  He  prefers  "compression"  to  a  cut- 
ting operation.  He  records  many  cases  coming  under  his  care, 
the  first  in  1785. 

(3)  Dr.  Martin  also  relates  a  case  (1816)  of  anasarca  reliev- 
ed by  enormous  doses  of  saltpetre  (nitrate  potash)  in  cider.  A 
man  took  by  mistake  in  one  day  oij  of  the  saltpetre,  drank  a 
pint  of  whiskey  and  took  a  large  dose  of  laudanum  after  which 
the  anasarca  entirely  disappeared. 

(4)  The  third  paper  was  by  Dr.  Robert  Goldsborough  and 
was  devoted  to  the  introduction  of  vaccination  into  Queen 
Anne's  County.  There  was  much  prejudice  against  it  among 
the  people  which  seemed  partly  justifiable  in  view  of  the  unsat- 
isfactory results.  The  correspondence  between  Dr.  Goldsbor- 
ough and  Dr.  James  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  upon  the  subject  is 
given  in  full. 

A  proposition  was  submitted  at  this  special  meeting,  Decem- 
ber 4,  1816,  by  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  J.  Scanlan, 
McDowell,  R.  Goldsborough  and  R.  W.  Hall,  to  do  away  with 
the  Boards  of  Examiners,  and  let  the  Faculty  of  Physic  of  the 
University  be  the  Examining  Board,  said  Faculty  alone  having 
power  to  grant  licenses.  A  proposal  by  the  same  committee 
for  annual  meetings  was  withdrawn.  As  a  result  of  the  special 
meeting  resolutions  were  adopted  which  were  made  known  to 
the  profession  throughout  the  State  by  a  committee  consisting 
of  Drs.  Owen  and  Hall,  who  issued  a  circular  on  the  subject. 

72 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

No  great  results  seem  to  have  followed  these  efforts.  The 
Eastern  Shore  Society,  the  longest-lived,  lasted  only  a  few  1816 
years.  There  is  mention  of  others  in  Baltimore  City,  Allegany 
and  Worcester  Counties,  and  the  activity  of  the  Baltimore 
Society  in  the  epidemic  of  1819  will  be  mentioned  presently. 
There  are  in  the  archives  letters  from  Dr.  D.  Claude,  a  censor 
of  Annapolis,  dated  July  22,  1817,  and  from  Dr.  Nathaniel  P. 
Causin,  a  censor  of  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County,  dated  Sep- 
tember, 1817,  making  inquiries  of  the  Secretary  with  a  view  of 
establishing  district  societies  at  those  points. 


1817.  The  annual  convention  assembled  June  2,  with 
nineteen  members  in  attendance.  Dr.  Martin  was  unanimously 
reelected  President  and  Dr.  Macaulay  was  made  Recording 
Secretary.  For  Treasurer  there  were  three  candidates,  Drs. 
Smith,  Clendinen  and  Handy,  the  last-named  being  elected. 
The  minutes  of  181 5  and  of  the  special  meeting  of  December, 
18 16,  were  read.  At  the  second  day's  session  twenty-five  were 
present.  Dr.  DeButts  was  elected  orator  for  the  next  year. 
Five  of  the  seven  members  of  the  Western  Board  of  Examiners 
elected  were  professors  in  the  University.  The  Faculty  having 
been  disappointed  in  its  biennial  orators,  Dr.  Potter  had  been 
requested  to  assume  the  office  and  had  consented  to  do  so.  "The 
Committee  of  Arrangement  relating  to  the  oration  for  to-day 
reported  that  the  Faculty  would  meet  ye  orator  at  the  lecture 
room  of  ye  college."  The  title  of  the  oration,  which  was  deliv- 
ered in  Chemical  Hall  at  5  p.  m.,  was  "Contagion,"  and  as 
subsequently  published  it  formed  a  good-sized  volume  of  117 
pp.  8vo.    Baltimore,  1818. 

Dr.  Potter  discussed  the  subject  chiefly  in  connection  with 
yellow  fever.  In  passing  I  may  note  that  he  was  an  ardent  non- 
contagionist,   believing  in   its   local   or  endemic  origin.     One 

73 


1817 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  his  arguments  was  that  an  essential  feature  of  contagious 
1817  diseases  is  that  one  attack  is  protective,  and  that  yellow  fever 
does  not  confer  this  protection.  He  claimed  himself  to  have 
had  attacks  in  August,  1795,  and  July,  1796,  in  both  of 
which  he  had  been  successfully  treated  by  his  "illustrious  pre- 
ceptor," Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  and  again  in  September,  1800, 
when  he  had  been  carried  through  a  still  severer  attack  by  Dr. 
Ashton  Alexander.  Owing  to  these  repeated  illnesses  he  had 
been  "doomed  to  lament  a  shattered  constitution  before  the 
meridian  of  life." 

The  Standing  Committee  for  publication  of  communications 
was  authorized  to  publish  Dr.  Potter's  work  at  the  expense  of 
the  Faculty;  500  copies  were  accordingly  printed,  the  cost 
being  $211. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  learn  the  reception  of  this  work, 
the  opus  magmim  of  Dr.  Potter's  life  and  forming  a  conspicu- 
ous object  in  his  picture  at  the  University.  Dr.  Potter,  it  will 
be  recalled,  was  one  of  the  leading  authorities  of  his  day.  It 
was  placed  with  E.  J.  Coale,  a  bookseller  of  Baltimore,  for  sale 
at  $1  per  copy,  who  reports  on  May  5,  18 19,  that  of  the  492 
copies  placed  in  his  hands  the  previous  October,  Dr.  Potter  had 
received  42,  125  had  been  sold,  mostly  to  booksellers  at  a  dis- 
count, and  325  remained  on  hand. 

The  editor  of  the  Medical  Recorder  speaks  of  the  "Memoir 
on  Contagion"  as  "an  irresistible  body  of  evidence  in  proof 
of  the  indigenous  origin  of  yellow  fever  as  well  as  a  lucid  and 
ingenious  exposition  of  the  legitimate  and  distinctive  charac- 
ters of  contagion  and  infection." 

A  motion  was  adopted  that  the  Secretary  and  a  committee 
of  two  publish  such  portions  of  the  Transactions  of  the  meet- 
ing as  should  be  deemed  of  interest  to  the  Society  at  large. 
The  committee  consisted  of  Drs.  McDowell,  Baker  and  Macau- 

74 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

lay.     A  by-law  was  adopted  requiring  the  sessions  in  future 

to  be  annual  in&tead  of  biennial.     Drs.  Alexander  and  DeButts       1817 

were  appointed  to  cooperate  with  the  Treasurer  in  investing 

the  Society's  funds. 

At  this  meeting  a  resolution  was  adopted  "that  a  committee 
of  five  be  appointed  to  take  into  consideration  and  digest  the 
best  and  most  eligible  plan  of  instituting  a  fund  or  funds  to 
be  set  apart  and  appropriated  for  the  use,  benefit  and  relief 
of  widows  and  children  of  deceased  members  of  this  Society 
who  may  be  in  need  of  assistance,  and  that  said  plan  be  reported 
to  the  Faculty  at  the  next  stated  meeting." 

A  resolution  was  adopted  on  motion  of  Dr.  Potter  to  appoint 
one  annual  orator  instead  of  two. 

Dr.  Tristram  Thomas,  of  Easton,  presented  a  report  upon 
the  diseases  of  Talbot  County.  Since  his  former  report  last 
December,  he  says,  a  change  had  taken  place  in  the  atmosphere 
influencing  the  prevalent  type  of  fever  and  there  had  been  more 
inflammatory  action  than  they  had  been  accustomed  to  find 
since  1812.  In  many  cases  repeated  use  of  the  lancet  had  been 
required ;  in  others  depletion  by  the  bowel,  stomach,  skin, 
blisters,  etc.,  had  sufficed.  Under  these  measures  scarcely  a 
case  had  terminated  unfavorably.  Smallpox  had  appeared  in 
a  distant  portion  of  the  district  during  the  winter  but  its  pro- 
gress had  been  checked  by  the  exertions  of  the  members  of  the 
Society. 

Dr.  Ennalls  Martin  presided  at  this  meeting  with  Dr.  Patrick 
Macaulay  as  Secretary,  and  fourteen  are  reported  to  have  been 
present. 

1818.     The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  Baltimore  on  the       1818 
first  Monday  in   June.     There  were  delegates  present   from 
the  Sixth  District  Medical  Society,  viz :    Drs.  James  Harper, 

75 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Robert  Stevens  and  Robert  Moore,  Secretary.  A  report  was 
1818  also  received  from  Dr.  Tristram  Thomas,  President  of  the 
Sixth  District  Society.  Dr.  Thomas  reports  a  successful  recent 
meeting,  better  attended  than  usual.  He  says  that  very  little 
had  been  done  in  vaccination  in  the  district. 

The  New  York  Medical  Society  takes  the  lead  in  proposing 
a  National  Pharmacopoeia  and  sends  a  circular  to  Dr.  Patrick 
Macaulay,  Secretary  of  the  Faculty,  on  the  subject.  Drs.  Alex- 
ander, McDowell,  Potter  and  Baker  were  appointed  a  commit- 
tee to  meet  in  Philadelphia  June  i,  1819,  other  delegates  from 
different  parts  of  the  Union  on  the  subject. 

The  Standing  Committee  appointed  at  the  previous  annual 
convention  "to  arrange  and  publish  such  communications  as 
might  be  deemed  proper  to  form  a  volume  beg  leave  respec- 
tively to  report  that  no  materials  of  that  description  have  been 
submitted  to  them."  The  report  is  signed  by  Drs.  Potter,  Owen 
and  Hall. 

Another  committee,  Drs.  Potter,  Macaulay  and  Alexander, 
appointed  to  ascertain  who  were  legally  members  of  the  Society 
or  Faculty,  on  the  same  date  report  a  list  "as  correct  as  the 
nature  of  the  subject  will  admit  of." 


1819 


1819.  Dr.  William  Fisher  became  Recording  Secretary  and 
Dr.  W.  W.  Handy  was  reelected  Treasurer.  The  Examiners 
were  Drs.  DeButts,  Gibson,  McDowell,  Handy,  Jennings, 
Readel,  Macaulay,  R.  Goldsborough,  Irving,  Thomas,  Reese 
and  Morgan  Brown.  Dr.  Patrick  K.  Rogers,  of  Baltimore, 
was  elected  orator  for  the  ensuing  year. 

The  name  of  T.  P.  Hall  appears  as  Corresponding  Secretary, 
the  first  mention  of  this  office  with  which  I  have  met.  The  dis- 
tricts of  Baltimore,  Allegany  and  Worcester  and  the  Sixth 
Medical  District,  composed  of  Talbot,  Queen  Anne  and  Caro- 

76 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

line  Counties,  having  formed  medical  societies,  each  member 

of  the  same  became  a  censor,  ex  officio.  1819 

The  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Western  Shore  finds  Mr. 
Painter,  apothecary,  South  Street,  incompetent  and  refuses  him 
license,  backed  by  the  opinion  of  L.  Martin  that  it  should  pub- 
lish him  if  he  persists  in  practicing-. 

The  records  of  the  terrible  yellow  fever  epidemic  of  1819 
and  1820  ("A  Series  of  Letters  and  Other  Documents  Relat- 
ing to  the  Late  Epidemic  of  Yellow  Fever,"  etc.,  published  by 
authority  of  the  Mayor,  Baltimore,  1820,  pp.  211)  give  most 
interesting  details  as  to  the  opinions  of  the  Faculty  and  Dis- 
trict Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society,  and  of  individual  phy- 
sicians, reports  of  cases,  etc.  The  disease  began  at  Smith's 
Dock,  west  of  the  Falls,  the  first  case  appearing  on  July  21. 
On  August  14  the  disease  was  reported  at  Fells  Point,  one 
mile  east  of  Smith's  Dock.  On  July  31  a  meeting  of  the 
Faculty  was  held  in  conformity  with  a  request  of  the  Mayor 
in  the  Council  chamber,  Dr.  J.  C.  White  being  in  the  chair 
and  Dr.  S.  Baker,  Secretary.  After  full  deliberation  on  de- 
tailed reports  made  by  each  member  present  of  his  knowledge 
and  opinion  of  the  health  of  the  city,  it  was  unanimously 
resolved  to  report  to  the  Mayor,  that  it  was  the  sense  of  the 
meeting  that  there  was  nothing  unusual  in  the  condition  of 
affairs ;  that  the  character  of  the  prevailing  diseases  was  mild, 
and  that  in  number  and  extent  they  were  below  the  average 
of  healthy  years ;  that  only  four  cases  of  fever  of  par- 
ticular virulence  had  occurred,  exactly  of  the  same  nature  as 
occurred  every  summer.  Hence  there  was  nothing  to  excite 
the  apprehension  of  an  impending  epidemic.  At  the  same 
time  it  was  recommended  that  the  operations  of  filling  up 
the  streets  and  docks  with  mud,  then  going  on,  should  be  dis- 
continued, filth  of  every  sort  removed,  stagnant  water  pumped 

77  ' 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

out  of  cellars,  cavities  containing  refuse  vegetable  and  ani- 
1819  mal  matters  filled,  streets  and  gutters  kept  clean,  etc.  A 
meeting  of  the  District  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society  of 
Baltimore  (one  of  the  seven  district  societies  formed  in  accord- 
ance with  the  resolutions  of  1807,  and  the  special  meeting  of 
December,  1816)  was  held  on  August  23,  and  a  committee 
appointed  to  inquire  into  the  health  of  Fells  Point  and  examine 
into  the  condition  of  suspicious  streets,  alleys,  lots  and  wharfs, 
there  and  elsewhere  throughout  the  city.  As  a  result  of  this 
examination  by  a  committee  composed  of  Drs.  Jennings,  Potter, 
and  Martin,  the  committee  found  such  a  deplorable  condition 
of  things  as  to  excite  astonishment  that  "the  late  considerable 
mortality"  had  not  been  greater.  A  terrible  picture  of  rotting 
wharves,  stagnant  ponds  and  vegetable  and  animal  decompo- 
sition in  the  made  ground  bordering  along  the  water  was 
reported.  The  further  course  of  the  disease  left  no  ground  for 
doubt  that  the  city  was  going  through  an  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever  such  as  it  had  suffered  from  in  1794,  1797,  1800  and  1808, 
and  of  which  sporadic  cases  were  seen  here  every  summer. 
On  August  2.y,  the  City  Council  appropriated  $3000  for  the 
expenses  of  the  Board  of  Health.  On  August  28  the  first  for- 
mal announcement  of  the  epidemic  was  made  by  the  Board  of 
Health,  fifty  cases  having  developed  at  Fells  Point,  with  ten 
deaths.  The  physicians  of  the  Point  charged  those  of  the 
city  with  concealing  their  cases  and  refused  for  some  days  to 
report  their  own  cases  and  also  to  attend  the  convention  of  the 
Faculty.  The  reports  were  collected  daily  by  two  trusty  mes- 
sengers and  thus  1016  cases  were  reported  to  the  authorities 
only  twelve  of  which  were  not  traced  to  the  Point.  It  was 
estimated  that  there  were  at  least  1200  cases  altogether  with 
300  deaths.  It  was  noted  that  of  those  who  visited  the  Point 
at  night,   almost   every  one  contracted   the   disease,   whereas 

78 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

those  who  went  thither  only  in  the  day  escaped  with  impunity. 
This  fact  was  accounted  for  by  the  concentration  of  the  nox-  1819 
ious  vapors  near  the  earth  at  night  and  their  rarefaction  by  the 
rays  of  the  sun  and  consequent  innocuousness  during  the  day 
time.  One  writer  mentions  'the  animalcular  theory,  but  the 
mosquito  is  not  suspected  once.  The  inhabitants  fled  from  the 
infected  area  and  were  lodged  in  tents  provided  by  the  State 
along  the  ropewalks ;  others  found  refuge  in  the  hospitable 
houses  in  the  upper  part  of  the  city  or  its  suburbs  and  many 
fugitives  resorted  to  mills,  bams  and  even  stables  in  the  sur- 
rounding country.  One  hundred  and  forty-one  were  admitted 
into  the  City  Hospital,  of  whom  eighty-five  died.  Notwith- 
standing the  money  panic  existing,  abundant  supplies  of  money, 
food  and  other  necessaries  were  provided  for  the  refugees  by 
the  inhabitants  of  the  city  and  adjacent  parts.  Georgetown 
alone  contributed  $700.  The  encampment  continued  fifty- 
three  days,  and  it  was  not  until  October  30  that  the  refugees 
were  notified  that  they  might  safely  return  to  their  homes.  It 
was  noted  that  the  mortality  was  very  small  in  those  who  were 
attacked  after  removal  from  the  infected  area  and  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  tents  and  marquees,  over  a  thousand  in  num- 
ber. There  was  scarcely  one  who  did  not  regard  the  epidemic 
as  of  local  origin  and  non-contagious.  Dr.  Reese,  who  wrote 
an  excellent  monograph  on  the  epidemic,  believed  that  the 
miasm  rose  from  the  surface  of  the  stinking  ponds  to  the  east 
of  the  city  and  was  wafted  to  the  Point  by  the  wind.  The 
treatment  pursued  was  free  bleeding,  two  to  four  pounds 
usually,  with  repetition  in  a  few  hours  where  relief  did  not 
follow ;  calomel,  ten  grains  every  two  to  four  hours,  aided  by 
emetics,  cathartics  and  blisters.  The  two  first  remedies  were 
the  stand-bys.  Calomel  was  used  in  enormous  doses  by  some 
practitioners,  twenty  to  sixty  grains  or  a  teaspoonful  even  every 

6  79 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

two  hours  for  a  day  or  more.  Food  was  withheld  entirely  until 
1819  the  disease  was  gotten  under  subjection,  and  drinks  were 
administered  cold,  usually  molasses  and  water.  The  confidence 
of  the  authorities  in  the  profession  is  shown  by  the  application 
of  a  committee  of  the  City  Council  to  the  District  Medical 
Society,  representing  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
residing  in  Baltimore,  for  their  advice  and  counsel  as  to  the 
causes  and  the  most  effectual  means  of  preventing  a  recurrence 
of  the  epidemic.  Under  date  of  January  22,  1820,  Dr.  Ashton 
Alexander,  President,  returns  an  answer  by  order  of  the  Society. 
The  cause  of  the  epidemic  is  referred  to  the  decomposition  of 
vegetable  matters,  as  in  a  cargo  of  decaying  vegetable  sub- 
stances ;  the  disease  is  not  contagious  ;  habits  and  mode  of  living 
have  nothing  to  do  with  its  production  except  as  predisposing 
causes  by  producing  debility  of  system;  it  is  recommended 
that  there  should  be  "at  least  one  medical  character"  on  the 
Board  of  Health  and  that  the  Board  should  have  at  command 
an  energetic  police  vested  with  full  powers  to  remove  persons 
and  property ;  the  docks  and  wharves  should  be  cleansed  early 
in  the  spring,  putrescible  materials  removed  or  covered  over 
with  clay  and  sand  and  then  paved,  an  elevation  being  left  in 
the  centre  for  drainage,  the  object  being  to  make  a  surface 
impervious  to  the  noxious  effluvia;  stone  facings  for  wharves 
are  recommended  in  future  descending  to  low-water  mark; 
streets,  lanes  and  alleys  should  be  raised,  drained,  cleansed  and 
paved;  cellars  should  be  prohibited  in  made  ground  or  kept 
dry;  heavy  penalties  should  be  inflicted  on  all  persons  who 
fill  up  low  wet  grounds  with  putrescent  materials  and  all  made 
grounds  should  be  well  raised  and  drained ;  the  cove  between 
the  Town  and  Point  is  regarded  as  especially  a  prolific  soil  for 
the  miasm  and  should  be  improved,  filled  and  wharved  as  soon 

80 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

as  possible;  rigorous  inspection  of  premises  from  March  to 
November  is  urged;  offal  and  impurities  should  be  promptly  1819 
removed  from  wharves  and  docks ;  strict  quarantine  should 
be  enforced  upon  cargoes,  not  upon  crews  and  passengers ; 
public  squares  should  be  laid  out,  trees  planted,  etc.  A  singu- 
lar recommendation  is  that  the  lazvs  restricting  hogs  running 
at  large  and  the  throwing  of  kitchen  offal  into  the  streets  be 
repealed,  as  these  animals  destroy  vast  quantities  of  such  mat- 
ters zvhich  if  suffered  to  undergo  decomposition  might  become 
pernicious  to  health.  The  report  is  signed  by  Ashton  Alexan- 
der, President,  and  John  B.  Caldwell,  Secretary.  It  is  a  most 
interesting  document  well  worthy  of  perusal. 

In  fact  the  whole  conduct  of  the  profession  during  this  time 
of  public  tribulation  is  most  commendable.  The  failure  of  the 
eminent  gentlemen  of  the  profession  (Drs.  White,  Baker,  Owen, 
Davidge,  Donaldson,  Jennings  and  others),  who  met  at  the 
City  Hall  at  the  summons  of  the  authorities,  to  recognize  the 
existence  of  the  approaching  epidemic  on  July  31,  was  only 
natural  under  the  circumstances,  yellow  fever  being  then  re- 
garded as  only  an  intense  form  of  ordinary  malarial  or  "bilious" 
fever.  The  conduct  of  the  Mayor,  Dr.  Edward  Johnson, 
a  member  of  this  Faculty,  in  this  epidemic,  was  heroic  and 
deserves  monumental  commemoration  by  the  community. 

1820.     At  the  annual    convention.    Dr.    Robert    Moore,    of       ^ggg 
Easton,  succeeded  his  fellow  townsman,  Dr.  Ennalls  Martin,  in 
the   presidential   chair,   the   latter   having   declined   reelection. 
Dr.  Martin  was  of  the  opinion  that  all  the  officers  should  be 
from  Baltimore. 


In  1 82 1  Dr.  George  Frick  was  elected  Secretary  and  the 
meeting  was  held  at  "Williamson's  Hotel,"  eighteen  members 
being  present. 

81 


1821 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  1822  a  prize  essay  of  $50  cash,  or  in  the  form  of 
1822  a  gold  medal,  at  the  option  of  the  successful  competitor, 
was  offered  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  determine  the 
merits  of  papers,  consisting  of  Drs.  Potter,  Alexander,  Bond, 
Macaulay  and  Gillingham.  This  committee  announced  as  the 
subject  for  the  essay,  "The  Pathology  and  Treatment  of  Chol- 
era Infantum."  The  prize  was  not  awarded  until  1826,  when 
it  was  given  to  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Cartwright,  of  Mississippi.  The 
elaborate  treatise  presented  by  Dr.  Cartwright  was  published 
in  the  American  Medical  Recorder  (July,  1826).  Meanwhile, 
since  its  first  offer,  the  value  of  the  prize  had  been  doubled. 
Many  essays  were  offered  in  competition. 

Drs.  Readel,  Macaulay  and  John  Buckler  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  prosecute  all  graduates  practicing  in  Maryland 
without  a  license  {Fed.  Gas.,  Aug.  25,  1822). 

In  this  year  the  laws  and  by-laws  governing  the  Faculty, 
together  with  a  list  of  officers  and  members,  was  published  by 
its  order  (John  D.  Toy,  printer,  corner  St.  Paul's  Lane  and 
Market  Street).  Dr.  John  Buckler  was  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary. The  Examiners  were  Drs,  W.  W.  Handy,  Readel,  Buck- 
ler, Frick,  Jennings,  Macaulay,  Gillingham,  R.  Goldsborough, 
E.  Martin,  J.  Young,  Handy,  Irving  and  Tristram  Thomas.  It 
was  announced  that  a  district  medical  society  had  been  organ- 
ized by  Talbot,  Queen  Anne's  and  Caroline  Counties  and  the 
profession  in  other  parts  of  the  State  were  recommended  to 
do  the  same  and  send  each  a  delegate  to  the  annual  meetings. 

Mention  may  here  be  made  of  a  patent  obtained  from  the 
Government  by  Dr.  James  Smith,  this  year.  It  was  for  "an 
improvement  in  the  art  of  vaccination,"  and  is  probably  the 
only  patent  ever  granted  in  connection  with  this  operation. 
The   "improvement"   consisted   in   moistening  the   crust   and 

82 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

grating  it  upon  small  pieces  of  glass  or  ivory,  to  which  it  would 
adhere  when  dry  and  might  thus  be  transmitted  by  letter  to       1822 
remote  points.    Dr.  Smith  speaks  of  the  crust  as  "a.  cryptoga- 
mous  plant  of  the  order  of  fungi."     The  document  is  dated 
July  lo,  1822,  and  is  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Faculty. 


1823 


1823.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  "Williamson's  Hotel." 
The  annual  oration  was  delivered  at  the  University  at  10  a.  m., 
on  June  3,  by  Dr.  Patrick  Macaulay,  who  chose  for  his  subject 
"Medical  Improvement."  His  eloquent  address,  which  is  pre- 
served in  the  Historical  Society's  Library,  was  thoroughly 
worthy  of  the  occasion.  Dr.  Macaulay  seems  to  have  been  a 
man  of  great  decision  of  character  and  expressed  himself  with 
vigor  and  force.  And  there  was  need  of  independent  utterance, 
for  medical  colleges  were  then  multiplying  at  an  alarming  rate 
and  the  standard  of  medical  education  was  suffering  a  collapse 
from  which  it  did  not  recover  for  nearly  three-quarters  of  a 
century. 

Dr.  Macaulay  uses  the  following  language,  which  shows  that 
the  Medical  School  of  the  University  was  still  regarded  as 
organically  connected  with  the  Faculty :  "As  members  of  the 
same  corporation,  our  medical  college  demands  our  cooperation 
and  support  as  long  as  it  gives  encouragement  and  protection  to 
native  genius  and  bars  its  portals  against  the  entrance  of  preju- 
dice, presumption  and  ignorance." 

1824.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  "Mr.  Barney's  Hotel,"       1324 
on  Light  Street.    Dr.  Gillingham,  the  annual  orator,  was  unable 

to  be  present  owing  to  "a  long  and  severe  indisposition." 

The  balance  in  the  treasury  was  $552.23%  ;  amount  received 
from  twenty-three  licenses,  $230. 

It  was  resolved  that  the  physicians  of  the  State  be  recom- 
mended   to   receive   as    students    "those   only   whose   classical 

83 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

attainments  and  correct  deportment  qualified  them  for  the  pro- 

1824  fession  of  medicine."  Also,  that  before  being  admitted  as 
candidates  for  a  degree,  they  should  have  read  three  years, 
attended  two  courses  of  lectures,  and  have  read  and  studied  a 
list  of  books  enumerated  in  the  resolution  (Amer.  Med.  Rec). 

Dr.  D.  M.  Reese,  censor  of  the  Third  Ward,  Baltimore, 
reports  June  5  that  Job  Smith,  the  Indian  Doctor,  whose  prose- 
cution had  been  entrusted  to  him  at  the  last  meeting,  had  left 
the  city.  Another  Indian  Doctor,  Dr.  A.  Martin,  had  taken  his 
place,  a  very  popular  quack,  making  much  money.  The  censors 
had  notified  him  of  his  violation  of  the  law  and  he  had  offered 
to  leave  the  city. 

1825  The  meeting  in  1825  was  held  at  the  University,  showing 
a  continued  good  feeling  between  the  two  institutions. 

1826  ^^  ^^^^  ^^-  ^ot)6rt  Moore  retired  from  the  Presidency, 
being  succeeded  by  Dr.  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  Centreville, 
Md.,  who  held  it  for  ten  years.  Dr.  Wm.  Fisher  again  became 
Recording  Secretary.  The  Medical  Examiners  elected  were 
Drs,  Buckler,  W.  W.  Handy,  Jennings,  Macaulay,  Fisher,  Don- 
aldson, M.  S.  Baer,  E.  Martin,  R.  Moore,  T.  Denny,  Irving  and 
T.  Thomas.  The  names  of  nineteen  persons,  admitted  during 
the  year,  were  published. 

1827  In  1827  the  meeting  was  held  in  the  Athenaeum.  The  Treas- 
urer, Dr.  Handy,  reported  balance  in  hand  $270.49^  ;  $320 
had  been  paid  in  for  licenses  and  seven  shares  of  Union  Bank 
stock  had  been  purchased  for  $528.50.  Another  prize  of  $100 
was  offered,  and  thereafter  annually  it  was  continued  until 
1 83 1,  when  the  committee  awarded  it  to  Charles  Caldwell,  Pro- 
fessor of  Institutes  of  Medicine  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  Tran- 

84 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sylvania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky.  The  earlier  title 
of  it  was  "Diseases  Incidental  to  Lowlands  and  Marshy  1837 
Grounds  in  Maryland."  Later  this  was  changed  to  "The 
Nature  and  Sources  of  the  Malaria  or  Noxious  Miasm  from 
which  Originate  the  Family  of  Diseases  Usually  Known  by 
the  Denomination  of  Bilious  Diseases ;  Together  with  the  Best 
Means  of  Preventing  the  Formation  of  Malaria,  Removing 
the  Sources  and  Obviating  their  Effects  upon  the  Human  Con- 
stitution when  the  Cause  cannot  be  Removed."  This  essay 
was  published  in  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences 
for  August,  1 83 1. 

This  year  was  signalized  by  the  founding  in  Baltimore  of 
the  Washington  Medical  College.  Dr.  Horatio  Gates  Jameson, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  but  a  resident  of  this  city  for  about 
twenty  years  and  thoroughly  identified  with  the  community,  a 
bold  and  original  surgeon,  a  tireless  student  and  investigator, 
and  a  prolific  and  graceful  writer,  was  at  the  head  of 
its  faculty,  which  included  five  others,  viz:  Drs.  Samuel  K. 
Jennings,  William  W.  Handy,  James  H.  Miller,  Samuel  Annan 
and  John  W.  Vethake.  They  secured  a  building  on  Holliday 
Street,  near  Saratoga,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  year  graduated 
twelve  persons.  Later  they  built  the  structure  on  North  Broad- 
way, now  occupied  by  the  Church  Home  and  Infirmary.  There 
appears  to  have  been  much  jealousy  entertained  against  Dr. 
Jameson,  who  had  been  thwarted  of  a  position  in  the  Faculty 
of  the  University,  of  which  at  one  time  he  seemed  to  have  a 
good  prospect.  Dr.  Duncan  Turnbull,  the  Demonstrator  at 
the  University,  in  1826  published  a  pamphlet  reflecting  strongly 
upon  Jameson.  In  1828  this  was  republished  with  more  aggra- 
vating charges  by  Dr.  F.  E.  B.  Hintze,  a  prominent  practitioner 
in  the  city.  Statements  made  in  this  publication  impugned 
the  professional  and  private  standing  of  Dr.  Jameson  to  such 

85 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

an  extent  that  he  could  not  ignore  them  and  accordingly  he 

1827  brought  suit  against  Dr.  Hintze  in  the  courts.  The  account 
of  the  trial  of  this  suit,  which  was  published  in  the  American 
Medical  Recorder  of  January,  1829,  shows  that  a  great  deal  of 
bad  feeling  existed  in  professional  circles  here.  The  leading 
physicians  were  summoned.  Dr.  Jameson  seems  to  have  acted 
throughout  in  a  dignified,  dispassionate  manner,  in  striking 
contrast  to  the  conduct  of  his  opponents.  The  result  was  a 
vindication  for  him. 

With  the  founding  of  the  college,  Jameson  also  founded  a 
medical  journal,  the  Maryland  Medical  Recorder,  the  first  num- 
ber of  which  appeared  in  September,  1829. 

1828  1828.  Dr.  Goldsborough,  the  President,  was  prevented  by 
private  matters  from  attending  the  annual  convention,  which 
was  presided  over  by  Drs.  Jennings  and  Hopkins.  There  were 
fifty-five  members  present  at  the  opening.  Dr.  Fonerden  was 
elected  Recording  Secretary  and  Dr.  R.  S.  Steuart  orator  for 
1829.  Dr.  Handy,  Treasurer,  reported  that  $300  had  been 
received  from  licenses  during  the  year  and  $390  from  dividends 
on  the  bank  stock,  making  with  previous  balance,  receipts, 
$811.70;  expenditures,  $56.87^,  leaving  a  balance  on  hand 
at  the  date  of  the  report  of  $754.82^.  The  Committee  on 
Prize  Essay  reported  that  but  one  essay  had  been  presented, 
which  had  subsequently  been  withdrawn  by  the  author. 

The  question  of  the  recognition  of  college  diplomas  came 
up  at  this  meeting.  The  Examining  Board  of  the  Western 
Shore  had  voted  March  17,  1828,  to  recognize  the  diplomas  of 
the  "Washington  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania,  located  in 
Baltimore,"  and  to  refer  the  whole  question  of  diplomas  to  this 
convention.    Dr.  Potter  moved  that  the  Examining  Board  con- 

86 


CHARLES    F.    WIESEXTHAL 
1 726- 1 789. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

suit  the  Attorney-General  as  to  the  legality  of  the  diplomas 
of  this  college.    After  further  discussion  the  matter  was  decided       1828 
by  a  motion  of  Dr.  Baxley  that  the  Board  of  Examiners  should 
subject  all  persons  applying  for  license  to  examination,  which 
was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  26  ayes  to  16  nays. 

The  following  note  is  preserved  in  the  archives :  Baltimore, 
June  21,  1828.  Communication  from  Dr.  M.  S.  Baer,  Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Examiners,  to  Dr.  Fonerden,  Secretary  of  the 
Faculty,  conveying  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  Board,  "That 
the  Secretary  of  the  Medical  Faculty  be  directed  to  grant 
licenses  to  all  persons  presenting  diplomas  from  the  University 
of  Maryland  issued  before  the  date  of  the  convention  of  the 
Faculty  of  June,  1828,  on  payment  of  the  customary  fee,"  and 
also  notifying  him  that  Dr.  Wm.  Donaldson  had  been  elected 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Examiners. 


1829.  On  April  8  the  Board  of  Examiners  requests  the 
Secretary  of  the  Faculty  to  notify  all  persons  applying  for 
license  to  practice  to  appear  before  it  before  license  be  granted. 

The  committee  on  prize  dissertation  (subject,  "Causes  and 
Treatment  of  Typhus  Fever")  reports  that  neither  of  the  two 
papers  presented  had  been  judged  worthy  of  the  prize.  The 
report  was  signed  by  Drs.  Potter  and  Thos.  E.  Bond,  Com- 
mittee. 

There  is  an  undated  note  in  the  MS.  archives  that  "objection 
was  made  by  one  of  the  prize  essayists  that  justice  had  not 
been  done  him,"  and  a  new  committee  of  five — ^Tristram 
Thomas,  Wroth,  Denny,  Sykes  and  G.  T.  Martin — was  appoint- 
ed to  report  at  the  next  convention.  This  doubtless  refers  to 
the  above  report.  The  objector  was  probably  Dr.  Baxley.  See 
proceedings  of  1830. 

The  annual  oration  was  delivered  at  5  p.  m.  on  June  i  by 

87 


1829 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Steuart,  his  subject  being  "The  Nature  and  Phenomena  of 

1829  the  Nervous  System."  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  was  selected  as  orator 
for  1830.  A  loan  of  $300  was  made  to  a  Mrs.  Middleton  at 
legal  interest.  Of  its  nature  I  know  nothing.  It  was  renewed 
in  1830  on  the  same  security. 

On  October  30,  1829,  Dt.  W.  B.  Tyler  writes  from  Fred- 
ericktown,  asking  a  certificate  that  James  Ligget  is  not  a  mem- 
ber, as  he  and  Dr.  Baltzell,  censors,  will  again  renew  their 
efforts  to  convict  this  obstinate  offender.  They  had  been  cheated 
out  of  a  hearing  before,  which  made  it  necessary  to  renew  pro- 
ceedings. He  suggests  that  the  seal  be  attached  to  the  certificate 
to  meet  possible  objections.  The  name  James  Ligget  appears 
as  an  M.B.  of  the  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Dr.  Ligget 
claims  the  right  to  practice  by  virtue  of  this  degree, 

1830.    The  fees  from  licenses  received  through  thirty  years 

1830  now  amounted  to  several  thousand  dollars,  nearly  all  of  which 
was  invested  in  bank  stock.  At  the  annual  conventions  it 
became  often  a  topic  of  general  conversation  how  these  funds 
could  be  used  so  as  to  answer  best  the  objects  proposed  in  the 
charter.  Everything  had  been  done  that  was  possible  "to  pre- 
vent the  citizens  from  risking  their  lives  in  the  hands  of  ignor- 
ant practitioners  or  pretenders  to  the  healing  art,"  but  could 
the  same  be  said  with  regard  to  "promoting  and  disseminating 
medical  and  chirurgical  knowledge  throughout  the  State  ?"  An 
enlightened  and  far-seeing  member  of  our  body  did  not  think 
so  and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  1830,  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  of 
Baltimore,  offered  the  following  resolution : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five,  to  be  called  a  Library. 
Committee,  be  appointed  to  purchase  such  periodical  and  other 
standard  works  in  medicine  as  they  may  deem  proper,  to  be 
placed  in  some  suitable  situation  for  the  use  of  the  members 

88 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  the  State ;  and  that 
this  committee  be  authorized  to  draw  on  the  Treasurer  for  1830 
an  amount  not  exceeding  $500  for  the  purpose  above-mentioned, 
and  that  this  committee  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  con- 
vention. It  is  also  made  the  duty  of  this  committee  to  draw- 
up  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  safe 
keeping  and  management  of  the  library  so  procured.  Com- 
mittee :  Samuel  Baker,  Peregrine  Wroth,  Wm.  W.  Handy,  John 
Fonerden  and  H.  W.  Baxley.  Resolution  offered  by  Dr.  Baker, 
appropriation  on  motion  of  Dr.  Jennings"  (MS.  archives). 

The  convention  being  well  attended,  the  resolution  was  thor- 
oughly discussed,  and  to  the  gratification  of  its  friends  it  met 
with  no  opposition  that  did  not  finally  yield  to  a  conviction 
of  its  practicability  and  usefulness.  It  was  triumphantly  car- 
ried and  "thus  was  laid  the  foundation  of  a  collection  which  by 
a  liberal  annual  appropriation  out  of  the  dividends  of  the  bank 
stock  became  in  a  few  years  a  very  valuable  treasure-house  of 
ancient  and  modern  authors."  Dr.  Baker  continued  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1835,  giving 
to  the  enterprise  his  earnest  and  zealous  support. 

Little  had  been  done  previously  to  this  towards  any  public 
collection  of  medical  books  in  Baltimore.  In  1808  the  Baltimore 
Medical  and  Physical  Recorder  announced  that  the  public  city 
library  contained  "no  inconsiderable  collection  of  books  upon 
medical  subjects."  In  1813  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of 
Maryland  bought  from  Dr.  John  Crawford's  widow  the  library 
of  that  physician,  then  recently  deceased,  amounting  to  several 
hundred  choice  books. 

Dr.  Fonerden  was  appointed  librarian  at  a  salary  of  $100 
per  annum.  Large  donations  of  books  were  made  by  members 
of  the  Faculty,  Dr.  Fonerden  taking  the  lead.  Among  other 
contributors  appear  the  names  of  Drs.  Geddings,  John  H.  Bris- 

89 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

coe,  George  S.  Gibson,  Knight,  Dunglison,  Cohen,  J.  P. 
1830  Cockey,  Harrod,  Alexander,  Jennings,  Frailey  and  J.  B. 
McDowell  and  Messrs.  John  and  Joseph  Neale.  Dr.  Jameson 
donated  the  entire  exchange  list  of  the  Maryland  Medical  Re- 
corder. The  addition  of  old  authors  was  left  to  the  liberality 
of  the  members,  while  the  appropriation  (amounting  in  the 
first  decade  to  about  $300  per  annum)  was  reserved  for  the 
purchase  of  new  books.  Among  rare  old  authors  contributed 
to  the  shelves  were  editions  of  Hippocrates,  Aretaeus,  ^tius, 
Paulus,  Oribasius,  Actuarius,  Celsus,  Scribonius,  Marcellus 
and  others. 

For  some  years  the  library  continued  to  be  the  pride  of  the 
members,  serving  as  a  bond  of  union  and  a  centre  around  which 
they  could  rally.  Where  it  was  kept  at  first  we  do  not  know ; 
probably  at  the  house  of  some  member.  In  1835  we  find  that 
Dr.  Chew  was  librarian  and  the  announcement  was  made  that 
it  would  thereafter  be  located  at  his  residence  on  Lexington 
Street.  A  notice  in  the  American  in  1840  shows  that  it  was 
then  located  at  Dr.  Chew's  office,  "88  N.  Howard  Street,  east 
side,  between  Saratoga  and  Mulberry,"  and  he  was  still  in 
charge  of  it.  The  first  catalogue  was  printed  in  1833.  Another 
issued  two  years  later  contains  569  entries,  showing  that  to  be 
the  number  of  volumes  in  the  collection  at  that  date.  Additional 
entries  to  the  list  made  in  writing  carry  the  number  by  1840 
to  979. 

This  small  catalogue  of  1835  with  interleaved  additions  is 
in  the  Surgeon-General's  Library  at  Washington.  It  is  a  lea- 
ther-backed book  6y2  X  4j^  inches  and  was  printed  by  John 
D.  Toy,  Baltimore. 

"The  existence  of  such  a  collection,"  says  Dr.  Fonerden, 
Chairman  of  the  Library  Committee  {Md.  Med.  &  Surg.  J., 
vol.  i,  1839)  "as  the  catalogue  of  this  library  announces  to  be 

90 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  the  command  of  the  members  of  the  corporation  throughout 

the  State,  is  one  of  the  results  of  the  care  with  which  the  Fac-       1830 

ulty  has  endeavored  to  use  its  funds,  wisely  for  a  permanent 

diffusion  of  medical  and  surgical  knowledge."    And  the  author 

of  the  memoir  of  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  in  the  same  journal,  says 

that  the  collection  was  already  "perhaps  more  select  and  rich 

in  value  for  its  size  than  any  other  in  the  country." 

The  report  of  the  Library  Committee,  presented  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  hall  on  Calvert  Street  in  1858,  by  Prof.  George 
W.  Miltenberger,  shows  well  some  of  the  good  accomplished 
by  it,  and  that  the  care  and  interest  bestowed  on  it  and  its 
growth  and  prosperity  were  at  once  the  evidence  and  gauge 
of  the  activity  and  prosperity  of  the  Faculty  itself.  "The  older 
members  of  the  Faculty  must  well  recollect,"  says  this  report, 
"that  for  many  years  the  library  was  the  great  tie  which  bound 
them  together,  and  was  for  a  considerable  period  one  of  the 
strongest  inducements  afforded,  wherein  we  derived  the  main 
part  of  our  revenue  by  the  addition  of  new  members.  While  it 
afforded  facilities  to  many  not  otherwise  easily  obtained,  it  was 
a  just  matter  of  pride  to  the  whole  Faculty,  who  as  long  as 
their  funds  remained  unimpaired  evinced  their  appreciation  of 
its  usefulness  by  the  liberal  appropriations  yearly  made  for 
its  maintenance  and  increase.  *  *  *  -^^y  Qj^g  ^.^j^  deny 
that  the  coolness  manifested  towards  the  library  corresponded 
with  the  darkest  period  of  our  history  and  that  from  the  time 
when  its  increase  ceased  to  be  a  main  object  of  consideration, 
there  has  been  a  less  active  spirit  actuating  our  body  and  a 
greater  difficulty  in  recruiting  our  ranks.  The  most  feasible 
plan  to  draw  the  profession  into  the  Society  appears  to  us  to 
be  a  return  to  our  old  faith  and  habits  of  a  firm  resolve  to  ren- 
der the  library  sufficiently  valuable  to  offer  attractions  to  all 
our  brother  practitioners." 

91 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Other  matters  of  interest  in  this  year  require  mention.  A 
1830  resolution,  also  by  Dr.  Baker,  was  passed  establishing-  a  Vac- 
cine Agency,  and  Dr.  William  Zollickoffer  was  put  in  charge 
of  it.  The  sum  of  $ioo  was  to  be  awarded  to  him  provided 
he  should  sustain  a  vaccine  institution  in  this  city  for  one  year 
from  date  and  should  conduct  the  same  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  Faculty,  so  that  the  members  could  at  any  time  within  that 
period  be  furnished  with  vaccine  matter  at  not  over  two  dollars 
per  crust.  From  the  fact  that  the  incumbent  resigned  at  the 
end  of  the  year  and  that  the  resolution  was  then  annulled,  the 
presumption  is  that  the  project  had  not  worked  satisfactorily. 
The  Treasurer  reported  the  receipts,  balance  and  assets  for 
the  year  as  $817.97,  expenses  $306,623^,  leaving  a  balance  in 
the  treasury  of  $511.34^.  The  receipts  from  licenses  had 
amounted  to  $230. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Prize  Essays  reported 
that  the  same  essays  as  in  last  year  had  been  resubmitted  but  no 
award  had  been  made.  One  of  the  rejected  essays  was  by  Dr. 
Baxley. 

According  to  Dr.  Jameson,  there  were  in  Maryland  at  this 
time  about  600  physicians,  all  members  of  the  Faculty.  In  Bal- 
timore there  were  about  100.  Population  of  the  State,  447,040 ; 
of  city,  80,625. 


1831 


1831.  Dr.  James  H.  Miller  was  the  orator,  delivering 
his  oration  at  5  p.  m.  of  the  first  day's  session.  Dr.  Fonerden 
was  selected  as  the  orator  for  the  ensuing  year.  The  Treasurer 
reported  receipts  (including  dividends  on  bank  stock  and  $340 
for  licenses)  as  $1239.80;  expenses,  $641.75  ;  balance  on  hand, 
$598.05.  On  motion  of  Dr.  Baker  each  member  using  the 
library  was  required  to  pay  $1  annually. 

92 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A  committee,  A.  Dunan,  chairman,  appointed  by  the  censors 
to  prosecute  graduates  of  the  University  of  Maryland  who  were  1831 
practicing  without  license,  reported  that  after  various  inter- 
views with  a  committee  of  conference  appointed  by  the  latter, 
they  had  employed  Mr.  John  V.  L.  McMahon  as  counsel  for 
the  Faculty  and  suit  had  been  instituted  in  the  Baltimore  County 
Court  to  decide  the  question  in  the  fall. 

There  is  in  the  archives  of  the  Faculty  a  MS.  resolution  pro- 
posing for  the  sake  of  harmony  between  the  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  and  the  University  of  Maryland  that  the 
Examining  Board  of  the  Western  Shore  be  composed  of  five 
physicians  of  Baltimore  not  connected  with  the  Faculty  of  the 
University  and  of  two  members  of  that  Faculty.  There  is  no 
statement  as  to  when  or  where  it  was  offered  or  whether  it 
was  passed  or  not. 

A  motion  to  pay  Dr.  Zollickoffer  $ioo  for  his  services  as 
Vaccine  Agent  was  lost.  An  arrangement  was  entered  into 
with  Dr.  O'Brien  for  the  ensuing  year  of  the  same  nature  and 
upon  the  same  terms  that  had  been  offered  to  Dr.  Zollickoffer. 
Dr.  Jameson  offered  a  resolution  appointing  a  committee  to 
collect  cases  and  facts  for  publication,  which  was  adopted. 


1832.  The  annual  convention  was  held  June  4  in  Baltimore, 
thirty-one  members  attending  the  opening  meeting  including 
the  President,  Dr.  Goldsborough.  The  Recording  Secretary, 
Dr.  Fonerden,  was  elected  orator  for  1833.  The  Treasurer 
reported  a  balance  on  hand  of  $523.35.  Dr.  O'Brien  received 
$100  as  Vaccine  Agent  for  the  past  year,  a  committee  having 
reported  favorably  on  the  institution  conducted  by  him  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Faculty.  The  appropriation  was  renewed 
upon  the  same  conditions  for  the  next  year  and  a  resolution 
ordered  to  be  published  recommending  the  institution  to  the 

93 


1832 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

patronage  and  confidence  of  the  profession.  A  committee  was 
1832  appointed  on  motion  of  Dr.  Baker,  seconded  by  Dr.  Fonerden, 
to  report  "on  the  expediency  of  procuring  a  permanent 
situation  for  the  accommodation  of  the  convention."  For  the 
Library  Committee  Dr.  Baker  reported  that  274  volumes  had 
been  imported  during  the  year.  With  others  ordered  the  total 
in  the  library  would  be  343  volumes,  many  probably  not  to  be 
met  elsewhere  in  this  country.  The  collection  was  already 
"much  appreciated."  On  motion,  $300  were  appropriated  for 
the  use  of  the  library,  and  $100  for  librarian's  salary. 

An  interesting  event  should  here  be  noted,  which  was  the 
origination  in  July,  1832,  of  one  of  the  first  Codes  of  Medical 
Ethics  devised  in  America,  by  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Society 
of  Baltimore,  an  association  founded  about  1830,  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Baker.  Dr.  Baker  was  also  the  first  President  of  this  associa- 
tion, and  with  Drs.  Maxwell  McDowell  and  Thomas  H.  Wright 
formed  the  Committee  of  Honor  which  drew  up  the  code. 
This  same  society  drew  up  the  first  fee  table  in  Maryland, 
which  was  later  (1848)  adopted  and  published  by  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 

During  the  summer  and  fall  cholera  prevailed  throughout 
the  country  and  with  other  cities  it  visited  Baltimore.  The 
first  case  reported  in  the  city  was  on  August  4,  although  Dr. 
Jameson  had  seen  a  case  which  he  regarded  as  cholera  as  early 
as  February  19.  The  deaths  from  the  disease  numbered  853, 
or  one  in  96  of  the  population.  The  City  Council  appropriated 
$40,000  for  the  uses  of  the  Health  Department.  Three  public 
hospitals  were  opened.  There  is  no  record  of  any  official 
action  taken  by  the  Faculty,  which  was  indeed  unnecessary,  as 
the  city  had  a  strong  medical  Board  of  Health,  headed  by  Dr. 
Jameson.    Among  the  deaths  was  that  of  Dr.  John  Cromwell, 

94 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

founder   (see  Historical  Sketch  of  this  epidemic  in  Jameson, 
Md.  Med.  Rec,  vol.  iii,  No.  i,  July,  1832). 

1833.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  June  3,  thirty-three  ^ggg 
members  being  present  at  the  opening,  including  the  President, 
Dr.  Goldsborough,  Recording  Secretary  Dr.  Fonerden  and  Cor- 
responding Secretary  Dr.  Baxley.  Professor  E.  Geddings,  of 
the  University  of  Maryland,  was  elected  the  orator  for  1834. 
The  Treasurer's  report  was  as  follows : 

Balance  from  previous  year $537-^5 

Dividends  from  Com.  and  Farmers  Bank 5i-20 

"  Bank  of  Baltimore 18.00 

"  Union  Bank 1 17.00 

Licenses   220.00 

$943-85 
Credit. 

Cash  to  Dr.  O'Brein,  Vaccine  Institution $100.00 

"      Dr.  Fonerden,  Librarian 100.00 

"  "  for  use  of  Library 300.00 

Etc.,   etc 4972 

$54972 
Balance  in  Treasury,  $394.13. 

The  Committee  on  Permanent  Room  asked  for  further  time. 

Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  Chairman,  presented  the  report  of  the 
Library  Board.  The  $300  appropriated  at  the  last  annual 
meeting  had  been  invested  in  the  purchase  of  books.  A  small 
edition  of  a  catalogue  had  been  printed  and  was  now  ready  for 
distribution.  It  was  proposed  to  issue  an  annual  supplement 
until  a  new  edition  was  demanded. 

'  95 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"The  establishment  of  your  library  has  already  been  attended 

1833  with  great  advantages  to  a  number  of  zealous  cultivators  of 
medical  science ;  and  they  entertain  a  belief  that  at  some  future 
day  many  learned  teachers  and  authors  who  may  adorn  our 
State  will  acknowledge  themselves  indebted  to  your  wisdom 
and  liberality  for  facilities  enjoyed  by  them  in  the  prosecution 
of  their  researches  through  the  formation  of  your  useful 
library"  (Lib.  Com.  Report,  1833). 

An  appropriation  of  $200  was  made  to  the  library  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

Dr.  Peregrine  Wroth  writes  from  Chestertown,  November  13, 
1833,  regarding  trials  of  persons  charged  with  practicing  ille- 
gally. He  says  that  in  obedience  to  instructions  received  from 
Dr.  Baxley,  Secretary  of  the  Faculty,  Drs.  Brown,  Crane  and 
himself  had  caused  several  individuals  to  be  indicted.  General 
Chambers  had  been  employed  to  assist  the  State's  Attorney 
in  the  prosecution.  The  accused  were  all  Thomsonians.  In 
the  first  case  two  were  convicted  by  the  jury  but  had  gotten 
off,  the  court  adjudging  the  indictment  defective  as  it  failed 
to  set  forth  that  the  accused  had  not  practiced  prior  to  the  act 
regulating  the  practice  of  medicine.  This  is  the  first  intimation 
of  opposition  on  the  part  of  this  sect,  which  was  the  cause  of 
so  much  trouble  a  few  years  later.  An  item  of  $150  paid  E.  F. 
Chambers,  December  7,  1833,  evidently  refers  to  the  above  suit. 

1834.    The  annual  meeting  was  held  as  in  the  two  previous 

1834  years  at  the  Athenaeum  on  St.  Paul  Street,  thirty-two  members 
being  present.  The  Committee  on  the  Treasurer's  Accounts 
reported  expenditures  for  the  year  $972.42^/2,  leaving  a  small 
balance  of  $i.55>4.  Prof.  Eli  Geddings,  of  the  University, 
was  the  orator.  Dr.  Samuel  Annan  was  chosen  to  deliver  the 
next    oration.     Dr.    Fonerden    withdrew    from   the    office    of 

96 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Recording  Secretary  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  R.  A.  Durkee. 
Dr.  Handy  declined  a  reelection  as  Treasurer  and  was  sue-  1834 
ceeded  by  Dr.  Edrington,  who,  objecting  to  giving  security, 
was  excused  from  this  requirement.  An  appropriation  of  $ioo 
was  voted  for  the  salary  of  the  librarian  (Dr.  Fonerden)  and 
$200  were  voted  for  the  purchase  of  books.  The  librarian  was 
directed  to  have  printed  a  supplement  to  the  Library  Catalogue. 
A  letter  from  Dr.  Peregrine  Wroth,  of  the  Eastern  Shore, 
was  read,  giving  an  account  of  the  prosecution  of  several  ille- 
gal practitioners  there. 

1836.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  conduct  a  series  of  -_„ 
experiments  with  vaccine  and  variolous  matter.  On  Dr.  Dun- 
bar's motion  a  second  committee  was  appointed  to  prepare  for 
the  next  annual  meeting  "A  Review  of  the  Progress  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery."  The  reports  on  the  latter  subject  were 
made  for  many  years  by  Dr.  Dunbar,  who  claimed  that  this 
Society  was  the  first  in  America  to  adopt  such  a  system  of 
annual  reports. 

Some  insight  into  the  affairs  of  the  Faculty  at  this  time  is 
given  by  Dr.  Robley  Dunglison  in  his  journal,  The  American 
Intelligencer  and  Medical  Library,  which  he  began  in  Philadel- 
phia at  the  close  of  this  year.  Having  been  engaged  in  teach- 
ing in  Baltimore  for  the  previous  three  years,  it  would  seem 
that  he  ought  to  have  been  correctly  informed  upon  the 
condition  of  the  profession  in  this  city  during  that  period.  'Tn 
Maryland  as  in  Massachusetts,"  he  says,  "the  unlicensed  prac- 
titioner cannot  recover,  but  is  subjected  to  heavy  penalties  and 
prosecution.  It  has  been  decided,  however,  of  late,  by  the  Court 
of  Appeals  of  the  State,  that  a  diploma  from  the  University 
of  Maryland  is  a  State  license  and  therefore  her  alumni  are 
exempt  from  the  demand.    The  annual  meeting  takes  place  the 

97 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

first  Monday  in  June,  and  an  annual  orator  is  appointed  for 
1836  this  occasion.  The  meetings,  however,  are  not  attended  with 
the  same  zeal  as  those  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society, 
the  business  concerns  of  the  Faculty  being  generally  left  to 
the  management  of  a  few  members.  The  library  already  pos- 
sesses upwards  of  600  volumes,  the  production  of  some  of  the 
best  authors  in  the  different  departments  of  the  science.  Not 
long  ago  an  application  was  made  by  Thomsonians  and  the 
Legislature  of  Maryland  to  permit  them  to  establish  an  infirm- 
ary within  the  State  and  to  teach  medicine  uncontrolled  by  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  but  it  was  rejected." 

Dr.  Maxwell  McDowell,  of  Baltimore,  was  elected  President 
of  the  Faculty. 

1839.  This  was  an  annus  memorabilis  in  many  ways.  There 
1839  were  committees  appointed  on  the  "erection  of  a  medical  hall 
[the  first  mention  of  this  subject  in  the  annals]  on  experiments 
with  vaccine  and  variolous  matter  and  the  grease  of  horses," 
and  "on  review  of  progress  and  improvements  in  medicine  and 
surgery."  Provisional  delegates  were  appointed  "to  a  National 
Medical  Convention  whenever  convened,"  and  the  formation 
of  county  medical  societies  in  affiliation  with  the  State  Society 
was  urged.  After  due  and  deliberate  reflection  the  Faculty 
determined  to  publish  a  journal  and  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  edit  it,  consisting  of  Drs.  G.  C.  M.  Roberts,  Nathaniel  Potter, 
James  H.  Miller,  Robert  A.  Durkee,  John  R.  W,  Dunbar  and 
Samuel  George  Baker.  This  work  was  successfully  put  on 
foot  and  the  first  number  appeared  in  the  ensuing  October,  its 
full  title  being  The  Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal 
and  Official  Organ  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  of  the  United  States.  Qui  ante  nos  ista  moverunt 
non  domini  nostri  sed  duces  sunt.     Patet  omnibus  Veritas;  non- 

98 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

dum  est  occupata;  multum  ex  ilia  etiam  futuris  relictum  est. 
Seneca,  Epis.  55."  1839 

In  their  address  to  the  professior  the  committee  say :  "The 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  at  its  annual 
session  in  the  month  of  June,  after  due  and  deliberate  reflection, 
having  determined  that  a  journal  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
medical  science  was  needed  in  this  city  and  State,  appointed  the 
undersigned  a  committee  to  superintend  the  issuing  of  such 
a  periodical.  With  a  regularly  and  legally  organized  Faculty 
throughout  the  State,  numbering  in  its  ranks  members  in  no 
point  behind  those  of  our  sister  States  in  their  attachment  to 
the  profession  of  their  choice,  talent  to  sustain  its  interests, 
diligence  and  zeal  in  meeting  the  claims  of  the  public  upon 
them,  with  a  city  containing  its  six  hospitals  and  two  colleges, 
all  in  course  of  successful  operation,  and  facilities  for  the 
examination  of  disease  in  all  its  varieties  quite  as  extensive  as 
those  in  other  communities,  the  committee  have  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  the  arduous  duties  devolving  upon  them  as 
the  conductors  of  this  journal,  animated  with  the  prospect  of 
success.  We  have  done  so  by  no  means  unaware  of  the  vast 
amount  of  labor  attendant  upon  and  the  host  of  difficulties 
which  surround  such  an  undertaking.  We  feel  indeed  that 
in  the  midst  of  the  multitudinous  engagements  which  throng 
us  individually,  in  the  pursuit  of  our  profession,  we  are  unpre- 
pared to  discharge  as  faithfully  as  should  be,  the  claims  now 
upon  us.  Having,  however,  been  called  to  the  post  we  occupy, 
not  by  choice  or  seeking,  but  by  the  unanimous  suffrage  of 
our  brethren  who  have  thereby  given  us  the  assurance  of  their 
continuance  and  support  in  our  labor,  we  could  not  shrink 
from  the  call.  Of  our  individual  talent  for  the  work  we  can 
say  nothing;  our  paper  must  speak  for  us  in  this  particular. 
We,  however,  pledge  our  best  ability  to  sustain  the  undertaking 

99 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

until  those  who  called  us  to  the  post  shall  have  an  opportunity 
1839  to  pass  upon  our  work,  and  either  continue  us  in  the  relation 
we  now  hold  to  them  or  supersede  us  by  the  appointment  of 
others  better  qualified  to  meet  their  views  and  wishes.  We 
cheerfully  undertake  the  duties  imposed  upon  us  because  we 
believe  that  we  shall  not  be  left  to  contend  single-handed  for 
the  object  in  view.  Having  a  claim  for  assistance  upon  our 
brethren  throughout  the  city,  State  and  United  States,  we  doubt 
not  they  will  as  promptly  meet  that  claim,  as  we  have  pledged 
ourselves  to  our  work.  To  them  we  now  make  our  appeal,  con- 
fident that  it  will  be  responded  to  with  promptness  and  the 
pages  of  our  ensuing  numbers  enriched  by  their  contributions. 

"Our  course  shall  be  fair  and  open;  our  object  and  desire 
is  to  afford  another  medium  through  which  our  junior  mem- 
bers, in  association  with  their  aged  and  more  experienced 
brethren,  may  have  an  opportunity  of  spreading  before  the 
public  the  result  of  their  labor  and  reflections. 

"We  hope  to  be  able  to  give,  in  addition,  such  a  digest  of 
all  foreign  and  domestic  matters  in  connection  with  the  science, 
as  will  be  alike  pleasing  and  profitable. 

"We  have  done.  Our  appeal,  in  company  with  the  first  num- 
ber of  our  work,  is  now  before  you.  We  commend  them  both 
to  your  interest  and  favor." 

The  journal,  which  in  form  was  a  small-sized  octavo,  appear- 
ed quarterly.  An  examination  of  its  pages  will  show  that  it 
was  printed  in  the  very  best  style  and  was  remarkably  free  from 
typographical  and  other  errors.  It  was  also  ably  edited  and 
the  contributions  were  of  a  high  degree  of  excellence.  Among 
the  contributors,  for  instance,  to  the  first  number  were  Potter, 
Baker,  Jameson,  Power,  Buckler,  Dulin,  Hall,  Aikin,  Mutter 
and  others.  The  Army  and  Navy  contributions  added  greatly 
to  the  value  of  the  work.     In  the  second  number  there  appear 

loo 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

nineteen  original  papers,  the  largest  number  published  in  a 
Maryland  journal  up  to  that  date.  The  last  issue  of  this  jour-  1839 
nal,  at  that  time  under  the  editorial  care  of  Drs.  Roberts  and 
Chew,  was  in  March,  1843.  There  had  been  no  falling  off  in 
the  ability  or  vigor  of  its  management,  and  it  is  quite  evident 
that  the  failure  of  adequate  pecuniary  support  was  the  main 
element  of  its  premature  decease. 

If  one  might  suggest,  it  seems  to  the  writer  that  such  an 
enterprise  can  only  be  a  success  if  conducted  in  a  thoroughly 
business  way.  It  must  have  an  energetic  business  man  at  its 
head,  who  will  study  to  make  it  of  use  to  the  public  and  thus 
provide  other  sources  of  revenue  besides  the  small  fund  which 
comes  from  subscriptions.  Equally  important  is  the  securing 
of  a  thoroughly  competent  editor,  tactful,  vigorous,  intelligent, 
who  can  deal  with  the  questions  of  the  day.  Essential,  I  con- 
sider it,  that  such  a  man  should  be  adequately  compensated  for 
his  time  and  services,  so  that  he  can  devote  himself  without 
disquietude  to  his  editorial  labors.  The  idea  of  reviving  the 
Journal  has  been  suggested  on  more  than  one  occasion,  even 
within  the  recollection  of'  the  writer,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that 
it  may  yet  some  day  become  a  reality.  Should  that  happen, 
the  above  suggestions  are  offered  by  one  who  has  thought 
much  over  the  matter  and  has  had  some  experience  in  it. 

Shortly  before  this  evidences  appear  of  the  activity  in  this 
community  of  some  one  or  more  followers  of  the  "Thomsonian 
or  botanic"  class  of  practitioners,  a  sect  in  medicine  founded 
by  one  Thomson,  a  native  of  New  England.  One  of  the  leading 
principles  of  their  doctrine  was  that  the  human  body  was  com- 
posed of  four  elements  (  ?) — earth,  air,  fire  and  water.  By  these 
pseudo-philosophers  metals  and  minerals  were  regarded  as 
having  the  tendency  to  draw  all  who  use  them  down  into  the 
earth,  this  view  being  founded  upon  the  convincing  fact  that 

lOI 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

they  are  found  only  in  the  depths  of  the  earth.  On  the  other 
1839  hand,  since  vegetables  spring  up  out  of  the  dross  and  vulgar 
earth  into  the  air,  they  tend  to  raise  men  away  from  the  grave. 
The  sect  had  a  brief  season  of  success,  as  many  another  false 
and  absurd  practice  has,  but  the  want  of  any  real  merit  in  it,  the 
gross  ignorance  of  its  followers  and  the  violence  and  even  iatal 
effects  of  the  powerful  doses  of  herbs  which  they  employed, 
led  in  a  short  time  to  its  dissolution.  In  1833  there  was  pub- 
Hshed  in  Baltimore  a  i2mo  book,  bound  in  sheep,  with  the 
title  "Families'  New  Guide  to  Health ;  Together  with  an  Expo- 
sition of  the  Thomsonian  Preparations  of  Medicine."  Some 
years  later,  as  has  been  stated,  an  unsuccessful  attempt  was 
made  to  induce  the  Legislature  to  permit  the  establishment 
^  within  the  State  of  an  Infirmary  and  the  teaching  of  the  system 
uncontrolled  by  the  State  Faculty.  The  promoters  of  the  sys- 
tem persevered,  nevertheless,  in  their  efforts,  and  they  finally 
had  the  address  and  influence  to  control  legislation  in  the  State 
and  obtain  from  the  Legislature  the  passage  of  an  Act  (Chap. 
28,  1838-39),  entitled  "An  Act  to  Authorize  Thomsonians  or 
Botanic  Physicians  to  Charge  and  Receive  Compensation  for 
their  Services  and  Medicine."  This  Act  was  a  virtual  repeal 
of  the  charter  of  the  Faculty  and  was  the  most  critical  event 
in  its  history  up  to  that  time,  depriving  it  of  its  chief  privilege 
and  function,  which  it  had,  unquestioned,  exercised  for  the 
benefit  of  the  community  for  forty  years.  Its  importance 
seems  to  have  been  recognized  at  the  time  and  subsequently. 
"It  deprives  this  Faculty  of  such  of  its  functions  as  are  essen- 
tial to  its  vitality"  (report  of  committee,  Roberts  and  Cohen, 
1854).  But  a  spirit  of  supineness  and  lethargy  seemed  to 
seize  hold  of  the  entire  body  which  even  the  sense  of  self-pres- 
ervation failed  to  banish.  We  do  not  learn  that  any  repre- 
sentative of  the  Faculty  attended  the  session  at  which  this  great 

102 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

injustice  was  perpetrated,  or  that  any  protest  was  uttered  at 
the  time  against  it.  No  attempt  was  made  to  test  its  vaHdity  1839 
in  the  courts  or  to  assert  the  rights  which  had  been  solemnly 
conferred  by  the  charter  of  1799,  a  charter  obtained  after  so 
many  years  of  painful  and  eager  longing  and  which  now  as 
with  a  besom  of  destruction  was  swept  away  in  an  instant 
carrying  with  it  the  fairest  hopes  of  the  profession.  Years 
after,  an  attempt  was  made  by  a  few  noble  spirits  led  by  Rob- 
erts and  Cohen,  but  they  received  no  backing  and  it  resulted 
in  dismal  failure.  The  late  Dr.  John  R.  Quinan,  than  whom  a 
more  devoted  and  disinterested  lover  of  his  profession  has 
never  adorned  the  annals  of  Maryland,  investigated  the  mat- 
ter in  all  its  legal  bearings  and  laid  his  results  before  the 
Faculty  in  his  elaborate  presidential  address  of  1886.  As 
throwing  light  upon  the  history  of  the  State,  and  in  justice  to 
Dr.  Quinan's  memory  and  services,  the  matter  cannot  be  dis- 
missed without  further  allusion  to  his  paper. 

He  points  out  that  there  is  a  discrepancy  between  the  title 
and  body  of  the  Act,  the  latter  saying  nothing  whatever  about 
Thomsonians  or  any  other  special  class  of  practitioners,  the 
language  being,  "It  may  and  shall  be  lawful  for  each  and  every 
person  being  a  citizen  of  this  State  to  charge  and  receive  com- 
pensation for  their  services  and  medicine  in  the  same  manner 
as  physicians  are  permitted  to  do."  The  author  of  this  Act,  so 
destructive  to  the  best  interests  of  citizens,  so  obstructive  to 
progress  and  so  degrading  to  the  intelligence  of  this  com- 
munity, ought  to  be  published  and  branded  with  the  eternal 
infamy  he  deserves !  Dr.  Quinan  shows  very  conclusively  that 
it  is  a  point  well  established  and  beyond  controversy  that 
an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  must  be  construed 
according  to  its  title,  and  hence  that  the  Act  in  question  excepts 
no  one  but  Thomsonians  or  botanic  physicians.     As  these  no 

103 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

longer  exist,  the  law  is  imperative,  and  as  there  is  no  other 
1839  legislation  upon  the  statute  books  repealing  the  Act  of  1798, 
the  conclusion  is  that  that  Act  is  still  in  force  as  fully  as  it  ever 
was.  Further,  by  reference  to  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
he  shows  that  chartered  rights  are  inviolable  and  that  the 
Legislature  in  depriving  the  Faculty  of  any  part  of  its  rights 
under  the  original  charter  was  going  beyond  its  power. 
The  reasoning  and  facts  of  our  late  eminent  colleague  are 
incontrovertible,  and  'I  quote  the  concluding  words  of  his 
earnest  but  fruitless  plea:  "And  now,  gentlemen,  in  closing, 
let  me  say  that  if  after  a  full  examination,  and  deliberate  dis- 
cussion of  this  question,  you  decide  as  I  do,  that  our  chartered 
and  vested  right  to  require  licenses  from  all  who  desire  to 
practice  medicine  and  surgery  in  this  State,  exists  to-day  in 
all  its  integrity,  unimpaired  by  legislation,  unrevoked  by  judicial 
decisions,  as  it  did  on  the  day  it  was  granted,  eighty-seven  years 
ago,  then  I  adjure  you  by  your  own  regard  for  your  own 
highest  professional  interests ;  by  your  regard  for  the  honor, 
dignity  and  moral  elevation  of  your  calling;  by  your  respect 
for  the  example  of  your  brethren  in  other  and  adjoining  States 
who  have  successfully  driven  from  their  borders  the  hordes  of 
harpies  who  were  fattening  on  the  credulity  of  the  people ;  by 
your  regard  for  the  ancient  reputation  of  this  venerable  Faculty 
and  the  restoration  of  that  vigor  of  which  it  has  been  so  long 
shorn  by  the  Delilah  of  supineness  and  neglect ;  by  your  regard 
for  the  lives  and  sanitary  welfare  of  the  community — by  each 
and  all  of  these  considerations,  I  adjure  you  boldly  and  man- 
fully to  assert  and  enforce  your  vested  rights  and  at  once  and 
forever  clean  out  the  Augean  stable  of  charlatanism  and  quack- 
ery." 

The  blow  which  had  been  inflicted  by  a  recreant  Legislature 
soon  began  to  show  its  dire  effects.    Physicians,  whether  grad- 

104 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

uates  of  the  Maryland  schools  or  not,  no  longer  submitted  to 
examination  or  procured  a  license.  But  few  members  joined  1839 
and  the  sources  of  revenue  were  dried  up.  It  seems  strange 
that  notwithstanding  this  result,  which  might  have  been  fore- 
seen, the  Faculty  should  within  a  few  months  after  the  passage 
of  the  fatal  Act,  have  voted  to  publish  an  expensive  journal. 
Can  it  be  that  the  members  expected  the  Journal  to  be  a  money- 
making  enterprise,  or  to  make  up  in  some  other  way  for  their 
loss? 

In  this  year  was  founded  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental 
Surger}^,  the  first  institution  for  the  education  of  dentists 
ever  established.  Since  early  in  the  century  instruction  had 
been  given  to  dental  students  in  Baltimore  by  Dr.  Horace 
H.  Hayden,  a  gentleman  of  rare  scientific  attainments  and  it  is 
said  that  lectures  had  been  delivered  at  the  University  of  Mary- 
land by  him  upon  this  subject  in  1837.  Dentists  had  been 
licensed  by  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  and  the  writer 
has  seen  one  of  these  licenses,  that  of  Dr.  Hayden  in  fact,  but 
having  no  date.  The  founders  of  the  school  first  endeavored  to 
engraft  it  upon  the  University  as  a  separate  department  of  the 
same.  Being  unsuccessful  in  this,  doubtless  owing  to  the  un- 
settled condition  of  the  latter,  which  had  shortly  before  this 
been  rent  in  twain  and  was  but  just  emerging  from  a  nearly 
fatal  lawsuit,  they  boldly  launched  out  upon  the  untried  sea, 
with  an  independent  school.  Their  immediate  and  marked 
success  shows  that  this  effort  was  opportune  and  that  they  sup- 
plied a  real  want.  The  first  Faculty  of  the  College  were  Drs. 
Hayden,  Baxley  and  Thomas  E.  Bond,  Jr.,  and  to  these  were 
shortly  afterward  added  Dr.  Chapin  A.  Harris,  all  being  mem- 
bers of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 

The  movement  which  led  to  the  founding  of  the  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy  also  originated  in  this  year.     Prof.  Wm. 

105 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Fisher,  a  distinguished  chemist  and  incumbent  of  that  chair 

1839  at  the  University,  1837-39,  devised  the  plan  for  it  in  the  spring 
of  1839,  when  he  was  stricken  down  with  hemiplegia.  Dr. 
Thomas  Buckler  seconded  the  proposal  and  urged  its  import- 
ance in  the  first  number  of  the  Journal.  At  the  annual  meeting 
held  the  following  year,  June  i,  2,  3,  1840,  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  plan  conjointly  with  a  number  of  pharmacists, 
an  organization,  and  report  at  the  next  meeting.  The  agitation 
of  the  subject,  although  without  immediate  results,  was  not 
fruitless  since  we  learn  from  the  MS.  records  of  the  University 
(Historical  Sketch  of  Univ.  of  Md.,  by  the  author,  p.  113),  that 
a  college  was  organized  and  a  cabinet  of  specimens  collected. 
A  chair  of  Practical  Pharmacy  was  instituted  and  lectures  were 
annually  delivered  at  the  University,  from  1844  to  1847.  The 
college  was  incorporated  on  the  twenty-seventh  of  January, 
1841.  After  a  cessation  of  some  years,  the  lectures  were  resum- 
ed in  1857,  and  have  been  given  without  further  break  up  to 
the  present  time.  From  1858-61  the  College  occupied  the 
Hall  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  No.  47  North 
Calvert  Street,  and  during  this  period  issued  a  quarterly  journal 
and  transactions.  It  has  now  a  fine  building  on  Aisquith 
Street,  and  stands  among  the  very  best  institutions  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  States. 

At  the  annual  meeting  $291.30  were  reported  as  collected  in 
dividends  on  the  stock  owned  by  the  Faculty.  Twelve  new 
members  had  been  added  during  the  year. 

The   convention    of    1840   was   held   in   the   saloon   of   the 

1840  La.w  Building,  corner  of  St.  Paul  and  Lexington  Streets,  on 
June  I,  2  and  3.  Dr.  Stephen  Collins  was  elected  orator  for 
the  next  meeting,  and  the  usual  appropriation  of  $300  was 
voted  to  the  library. 

106 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.   Cohen,   Treasurer,  reports  receipts  and  expenses   each 
$295.40,  leaving  a  balance  due  the  library  from  the  appropria-       1840 
tion  of  the  year  before  of  $225.56. 

Committees  were  again  appointed  ( i )  on  "Experiments  with 
Vaccine  and  Variolous  Matter  and  the  Grease  of  Horses," 
(2)  on  "Review  of  Progress  in  American  and  Foreign  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery,"  (3)  to  represent  the  society  at  National 
Medical  Convention,  (4)  Editorial,  (5)  to  plan  an  organization 
of  a  College  of  Pharmacy. 

A  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  in  November,  in  the 
Chemical  Hall  of  the  University. 

On  December  15,  1840,  the  Finance  Committee  was  com- 
pelled to  borrow  from  bank  $450  for  six  months,  to  meet  the 
demands  of  the  publisher  of  the  Journal,  hypothecating  thirteen 
shares  of  the  Faculty's  stock  as  security,  the  President 
also  making  himself  individually  responsible.  This  loan  was 
renewed  several  times  and  was  not  paid  until  September  4, 
1843. 

At    the    meeting    of    1841,    Dr.    Maxwell    McDowell    was       jg^^ 
reelected  to  the  presidential  chair  for  the  fifth  time  but  declined 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Joel  Hopkins.     The  cash  on  hand 
was  $103.04. 

The  Editorial  Committee  reported  that  the  Journal  had  250 
subscribers.  At  the  last  annual  meeting  the  amount  due  Mr. 
Murphy,  publisher,  and  others,  had  been  $1148.49.  $316.50 
had  been  received  by  Mr.  Murphy  in  subscriptions  up  to  the 
issuing  of  the  fourth  number  of  the  first  volume,  making  the 
total  amount  received  by  him  $753,  "which  deducted  from  the 
whole  amount  of  his  account  leaves  a  balance  now  due  him  of 
$39549  to  be  provided  for  at  the  present  meeting.  After  due 
reflection  and  repeated  conference  the  committee  have  decided 

107 


1842 


1843 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

to  continue,  and  with  difficulty  have  concluded  a  written  con- 
tract with  M.  for  the  second  volume." 

The  meeting  of  1842  was  held  at  the  new  Assembly 
Rooms,  corner  of  Holliday  and  Fayette  Streets,  on  June  6, 
the  attendance  varying  from  twenty-five  to  forty-five.  The 
amount  in  the  treasury  had  sunk  to  $37.94.  Four  licenses  only 
had  been  granted  during  the  year.  The  Faculty  owed  now 
$195.45^  on  vol.  i  and  $200  on  vol.  ii  of  the  Journal  and  a 
note  of  $450  borrowed  on  the  same  account;  $200  moreover 
had  been  pledged  to  meet  deficiencies,  making  a  debt  on  the 
Journal  alone  of  $1045.49.  The  Society  seemed  to  be  getting 
involved,  but  it  was  determined  to  go  on  with  the  Journal. 

A  change  of  the  Faculty's  investments  was  made  at  this  time. 
The  thirty-six  shares  of  Commercial  and  Farmers  Bank  and 
one  share  of  Bank  of  Baltimore  were  disposed  of  and  the  pro- 
ceeds reinvested  in  City  six  per  cent  stock,  a  measure  which 
the  members  had  reason  to  congratulate  themselves  on.  After 
this  change  the  investments  of  the  Faculty  consisted  of  $1375 
worth  of  City  6's,  five  shares  of  Farmers  Bank  of  Maryland, 
thirty-two  shares  of  Union  Bank,  thirteen  of  which  had  been 
hypothecated  to  the  Savings  Bank  of  Baltimore  as  security 
on  the  note  of  $450. 

An  adjourned  meeting  was  held  on  June  10.  The  library 
was  removed  the  same  month  to  the  quarters  of  the  Maryland 
Bible  Society,  where  a  room  for  it  and  the  services  of  a  libra- 
rian were  secured. 

1843.  The  annual  convention  was  held  at  the  Assembly 
Rooms  and  was  attended  by  thirty-five  members.  No  new 
members  had  been  admitted  during  the  year.  There  was  a 
balance   on  hand  of  $79-49/^.      The    Executive    Committee 

108 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

reported  that  after  the  most  strenuous  and  repeated  efforts  it 
had  failed  to  secure  an  orator.  The  Editorial  Committee,  Drs.  1843 
N.  R.  Smith,  Roberts,  Chew,  Durkee  and  Dunbar,  reports  the 
number  of  subscribers  to  the  Journal  as  231,  located  chiefly  in 
Baltimore  and  Maryland,  and  recommends  that  it  be  continued. 
Dr.  Dunbar  read  the  report  on  Surgery.  A  joint  committee 
appointed  June  5,  consisting  of  the  Library  Directors  and  a 
special  committee,  to  examine  and  report  the  debts  of  the  Fac- 
ulty and  the  means  at  hand  for  paying  the  same,  brought  in 
the  following  report  on  the  succeeding  day; 

Debts. 

1.  Note  due  at  Merchants  Bank  contracted  for  the 

Journal    $450.00 

2.  Balance  due  Mr.  John  Murphy,  first  and  second 

volumes  of  Journal,  not  over  200.00 

3.  Balance  due  to  Maryland  Bible  Society  for  use  of 

library  room  and  services  of  librarian., 72.00 

4.  Balance  due  Dr.  G.  S.  Gibson,  Treasurer  of  library  2.84 

5.  Secretary's  bill  for  contingent  expenses 3.50 


$728.34 
Assets. 

1.  City  stock,  6  per  cent,  cash  $852.50,  now  worth.  .  $1375.00 

2.  Union  Bank  stock,  32  shares,  par  value  $75,  pres- 

ent value  $56  a  share 1792.00 

3.  Farmers  Bank  of  Maryland,  5  shares,  par  value 

$50,  present  value  $33   165.00 

4.  Cash  in  treasury 7949/^ 


$34ii.49>^ 
leaving  Faculty  worth  $2683.15^. 

109 


1843 


MEDICAL  AiND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 
Estimate  made  of  probable  receipts  and  expenses  for  year : 

Probable  Receipts. 

Interest  on  stocks   $215.00 

Annual  contributions  of  $1  to  library 28.00 

$243.00 
Probable  Expenses, 

Interest  on  note  at  Merchants  Bank $27.00 

Interest  on  $200  due  Mr.  Murphy 12.00 

Insurance  on  library  6.75 

Taxes  on  stock 7.44 

Contingent  expenses  of  Secretary  and  renting  room, 

etc 33-00 

Present  expense  of  librarian  and  library  room 100.00 

$186.19 
Balance  in  Treasury $56.81 

leaving  nothing  for  enlargement  of  library. 

The  committee  presented  two  resolutions,  (i)  to  remove  the 
library  and  place  it  under  the  care  of  a  member  of  the  Faculty, 
if  an  arrangement  can  be  made  without  expense  for  room  and 
services  of  a  librarian;  (2)  to  pay  quarterly  out  of  any  unap- 
propriated funds  $30  to  Library  Directors  for  the  purchase  of 
books.  By  the  first  resolution  $72  would  be  saved  for  the 
purchase  of  books.    This  was  signed  by  five  members. 

A  minority  report  signed  by  three  members  differed,  object- 
ing to  removal.  For  a  series  of  years  the  library  had  been 
accessible  only  two  days  a  week.  It  was  then  determined  to 
place  it  in  a  public  room  and  under  a  qualified  librarian  with  a 

no 


JOHN    ARCHER 

1741-1810. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

salary  of  $ioo.     It  was  supposed  that  the  annual  contribution 

of  $1  would  liquidate  this  claim,  but  only  $28  had  been  received       1843 

in  the  whole  year.    The  minority  therefore  recommend  to  have 

the  library  where  it  is  and  to  "recommend"  two  dollars  per 

annum  subscription  from  each  member  for  its  increase  and 

safe  keeping. 

On  September  4,  1843,  $100  were  paid  Murphy,  printer  of 
the  Journal^  in  full  for  all  claims  on  his  part.  At  the  annual 
meeting  a  committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Treasurer 
and  Dr  Geo.  S.  Gibson,  had  been  appointed  to  sell  some  of  the 
Faculty's  stock  to  meet  its  standing  obligations.  This  com- 
mittee disposed  of  three  shares  of  Union  Bank  stock  and  some 
City  six  per  cents,  realizing  $542.62,  a  sum  sufficient  to  settle 
this  account  and  also  to  liquidate  the  note  of  $450  contracted 
in  1840,  in  connection  with  the  Journal. 


July  10,  1844,  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Clendinen  writes  to  Judges 
Archer,  Buchanan,  Brice,  Dorsey,  Chambers,  Key,  and  Spence, 
calling  attention  to  the  "Supplementary  Act"  of  1822,  February 
19,  third  section,  requiring  the  judges  of  the  county  courts 
and  of  Baltimore  City  Court  to  give  the  Act  of  Incorporation 
and  Supplementary  Acts  in  charge  to  the  Grand  Juries.  Also 
calling  attention  to  indecent  medical  advertisements  and  asking 
them  to  make  those  concerned  the  individual  objects  of  their 
regard.  There  are  some  answers  from  the  judges  in  the 
archives  of  the  Faculty. 

1845.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  "a  hall  over  Mrs. 
Scotti's,  South  Street,  a  few  doors  below  Baltimore,"  at  10 
a.  m.,  June  2.  In  his  report,  Dr.  G.  C.  M.  Roberts,  chairman 
of  the  Executive  Committee,  apologizes  for  the  few  meetings 
held  by  the  committee  and  neglect  of  the  important  matters 

8  III 


1844 


1845 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

brought  up  at  the  previous  annual  session,  pleading  his  impair- 
1845  ed  health  in  excuse.  He  also  presented  a  brief  report  on 
Obstetrics.  There  was  a  cash  balance  in  the  treasury  of 
$114.30. 

The  report  of  the  Library  Directors  was  made  by  Dr.  Fon- 
erden,  chairman.  During  the  year  but  $50  had  been  received 
from  the  Treasurer.  Of  this,  $10  had  been  expended  in  books 
and  $14.38  in  binding.  Several  valuable  volumes  could  not 
be  accounted  for  and  appeared  to  be  lost.  The  library,  which 
consisted  of  about  600  volumes,  was  now  without  a  libra- 
rian, Mr.  Tilyard  having  withdrawn  from  the  place  where  it 
was  kept.  It  was  necessary,  therefore,  to  make  a  new  arrange- 
ment. 

The  continued  interest  in  the  library  is  evinced  by  bills  in 
the  archives  of  January  31,  1845,  "^o^  binding  thirty-two  vol- 
umes ;"  of  June  9,  1845,  "for  binding  3  volumes  of  Guy's  Hos- 
pital Reports  and  two  folio  volumes;"  of  July  19,  1845,  "^^^ 
binding  twenty-seven  volumes  of  monographs ;"  of  October  3, 
1845,  "for  binding  twelve  books;"  of  November  25,  1845, 
"for  binding  nine  books."  There  is  record  also  of  the  purchase 
of  one  book  March  10,  1845,  ^.nd  of  two  journals  June,  1845. 
Binding  was  also  done  in  April  and  May,  1846. 

A  note  was  addressed  to  the  various  libraries  in  the  city  to 
ascertain  what  arrangement  could  be  made  about  room  and 
librarian,  the  latter  being  expected  to  notify  delinquents  every 
three  months  and  to  take  stock  once  a  year.  The  replies  to  this 
note  are  preserved  in  the  archives.  But  it  was  finally  determin- 
ed to  erect  shelves  in  Dr.  Fonerden's  office,  he  having  agreed 
to  give  his  services  and  office  free  and  to  act  as  Chief  Librarian. 
Dr.  Wm.  H.  Davis  was  appointed  Adjunct  Librarian  at  a  salary 
of  $50  per  annum.  The  books  were  moved  on  August  26,  and 
after  everything  was  put  in  order,  the  collection  was  opened 

112 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

to  members  on  September  8.  From  this  time  to  the  next  annual 
meeting  the  room  was  open  113  days,  viz:  on  Monday,  Wed- 
nesday and  Friday  afternoons.  On  twenty-nine  of  these  there 
were  no  calls,  on  eighty-four  there  were  149  calls,  all  by 
twenty-four  members. 

1846.  The  annual  convention  began  on  June  i,  in  Franklin 
Saloon,  corner  Baltimore  and  North  Streets.  Dr.  Joel  Hopkins, 
President,  presided,  and  there  was  an  average  attendance  of 
twenty  members.  Dr.  Roberts  presented  the  report  on  Obstet- 
rics. The  Treasurer,  Dr.  Cohen,  reported  the  receipts  for  the 
year  as  $354.94^;  expenses  $2i8.i6>^,  leaving  a  balance  in 
hand  of  $136.78.  The  sum  of  $100  was  appropriated  to  the 
enlargement  and  improvement  of  the  library  and  $50  to  the 
librarian.  The  Library  Committee  was  instructed  on  the  publi- 
cation of  the  catalogue  of  the  library  to  send  a  copy  to  each 
member.  An  evening  session  was  held  at  Dr.  Dunbar's  lec- 
ture room. 

The  Executive  Committee  was  directed  to  report  some  bene- 
ficial scheme  for  the  Society  with  a  view  to  creating  additional 
interest  and  union.  The  committee  accordingly  reported  the 
basis  of  a  plan  for  a  "beneficial  department,"  by  which  on  cer- 
tain conditions  impoverished  members,  their  orphans  and 
widows  should  receive  pecuniary  aid.  Dr .  Roberts  was 
appointed  a  delegate  "to  any  convention  in  Europe,"  which 
he  was  about  to  visit. 

Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  delivered  the  annual  oration  on  the  evening 
of  June  9  in  the  church  at  the  corner  of  Charles  and  Fayette 
Streets,  the  citizens  generally  being  invited  to  attend.  His 
subject  was  "Lacerated  Arteries." 

Dr.  John  H.  Briscoe  was  "chairman"  of  ^he  meeting  of 
1847,  which  was  held  at  the  University  Building,  corner  of 

113 


1846 


1847 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

North  and  Fayette  Streets  and  was  largely  attended  by  dele- 
1847  gates  from  cities  and  several  counties,  forty-six  being  present  at 
the  opening.  Dr.  Roberts  of  the  Executive  Committee  reported 
that  but  one  conversational  meeting  had  been  held  during  the 
year  owing  to  want  of  public  announcement,  but  that  one  had 
been  large.  The  committee  had  made  numerous  attempts  to 
secure  an  orator  for  the  annual  meeting  but  with  invariable 
failure.  The  membership  of  the  Faculty  was  reported  to  num- 
ber 465  country  and  135  city  members.  The  Treasurer  announc- 
ed the  receipts  for  the  year  as  $471.95  and  the  balance  as 
$235.63 >^.  An  item  in  the  Treasurer's  report  is  a  fee  of  $25 
paid  John  Nelson,  Esq.,  for  an  opinion  respecting  the  consti- 
tutionality of  the  Act  of  1838.  Mr.  Nelson  was  a  prominent 
attorney,  having  his  office  at  35  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 
The  opinion  is  dated  October  30,  1847,  and  is  to  be  found  in 
a  large  envelope  in  the  archives  marked  "Legal  Opinions  on 
the  Law  and  Charter — J.  R.  Q."  He  says  he  thinks  the  Legis- 
lature had  the  right  to  pass  the  law  regarding  Thomsonians 
(Act  No.  281,  passed  April  2,  1839),  ^s  the  exclusive  power 
of  licensing  conferred  on  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
in  1799  was  not  irrevocable  and  inviolable.  He  also  says  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Faculty  has  the  power  to  expel  mem- 
bers for  improper  conduct  and  practice. 

The  report  of  the  Library  Board  was  presented  by  Dr.  J. 
I.  Cohen,  who  had  succeeded  Dr.  Fonerden  as  chairman.  He 
reports  a  falling  off  in  the  interest  of  the  members  and  finds 
reasons  therefor  (i)  in  the  few  additions  made  of  late  to  the 
collection;  (2)  in  the  small  number  of  young  men  who  had 
lately  joined  the  Society.  He  urged  a  liberal  support  that  it 
might  again  become  as  in  former  years  the  rallying  point  of 
the  profession.  Only  four  works  had  been  added  during  the 
year  and  four  journals  subscribed  for.    "We  believe,"  he  said, 

114 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"that  by  sustaining  this  common  bond  during  the  present 
period  of  what  we  believe  to  be  unwise  legislation  on  the  part  1847 
of  the  State  in  medical  matters,  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  may  in  subsequent  years  assume  the  high  and  active 
prosperity  which  it  enjoyed  in  past  years.  On  motion  of  Dr. 
Cohen,  $300  were  appropriated  to  the  library  for  the  next  year, 
also  all  funds  derived  from  new  members. 

Dr.  Roberts  presented  the  report  on  Obstetrics,  Dr.  D.  Stew- 
art that  on  Chemistry  and  Pharmacy  and  Dr.  Dunbar  that  on 
Surgery.  Dr.  Baxley  was  selected  as  orator  for  1848.  A 
registration  of  births  and  deaths  was  proposed. 

A  report  was  received  from  a  Committee  on  the  Epidemic 
Typhus  Fever  (lately  introduced  by  emigrants  into  Baltimore), 
which  was  later  published  in  the  Baltimore  Patriot,  occupying 
one  column  of  that  paper,  on  June  12.  The  report  was  drawn 
up  by  Dr.  Chew,  chairman,  and  was  submitted  by  order  of 
the  convention  to  the  Mayor  and  City  Council. 

Arrangements  were  made  for  the  convention  of  the  National 
Medical  Association,  which  was  to  be  held  in  Baltimore  in 
1848. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Dunbar,  it  was  decided  to  hold  a  general 
convention  of  all  the  practitioners  in  the  State  in  the  fall,  to 
consult  on  the  general  interests  of  the  profession. 

The  Executive  Committee,  through  Dr.  Roberts,  proposed 
a  Medical  Beneficial  Association,  and  on  motion  of  Dr.  Briscoe 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  suggestion  and 
report  at  the  next  meeting. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Baer  it  was  "resolved  that  the  Executive 
Committee  be  requested  to  take  legal  advice  in  relation  to  the 
constitutionality  of  the  law  passed  April,  1839,  taking  away 
the  chartered  rights  of  this  Society,  and  if  advisable  to  make 
issue  in  the  case  either  in  a  court  of  law  or  in  the  Legislature." 

115 


MEDICAL  A/ND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Only  actual  members  were  entitled  to  attend  the  sessions  of 

1847  the  Faculty  at  this  time  or  to  have  access  to  the  library.  This 
meeting  was  held  in  the  saloon  of  the  Newton  University,  Fay- 
ette Street,  between  Calvert  and  North  Streets. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  a  month  later  (July),  at  which 
the  plan  of  "medical  reform,"  as  recommended  by  the  American 
Medical  Association,  was  adopted — at  least  three  years  pre- 
paratory study  and  attendance  on  three  courses  of  lectures. 
Besides  a  longer  course  of  study  and  stricter  preliminary 
requirements,  this  plan  also  embraced  the  founding  of  prepara- 
tory and  supplemental  schools  of  instruction.  The  Maryland 
Medical  Institute,  founded  by  Drs.  Frick,  Stewart,  Theobald 
and  C.  Johnston,  was  one  of  the  fruits  of  this  admirable  sug- 
gestion. The  Baltimore  Medical  Institute  had  already  been 
in  successful  operation  under  Dr.  Dunbar.  These  excellent 
schools  were  well  patronized  and  contributed  greatly  to  advance 
the  teaching  of  the  day,  which  through  the  great  multiplication 
of  colleges  and  the  short  and  incomplete  courses,  had  excited 
great  scandal. 

1848  1848.  The  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
held  in  Baltimore  upon  the  invitation  of  the  delegates  of  the 
Faculty,  was  the  most  important  medical  event  of  the  year. 
Although  preliminary  meetings  had  been  held  at  New  York 
in  1846,  and  at  Philadelphia  in  1847,  this  was  the  first  with 
complete  organization  and  is  recognized  in  its  own  Transactions 
as  its  Urst  annual  convention.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the 
Faculty  had  appointed  delegates  to  assist  in  forming  a  National 
Society  in  1839.  Those  provisional  delegates  had  been  con- 
stituted a  committee  of  correspondence  to  call  such  a  meeting 
with  the  concurrence  of  members  of  the  profession  in  other 
States.     Dr.  Roberts,  in  his  report  as  chairman  of  the  Execu- 

116 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tive  Committee,  June  i,  1846,  confirms  this  statement  and  says 
that  his  committee  had  been  directed  to  call  a  convention  of  1848 
the  Faculty  of  the  different  States  in  Baltimore  for  the  purpose 
of  devising  some  plan  for  the  improvement  of  medical  educa- 
tion, but  the  call  had  later  been  made  to  New  York,  where  it 
was  held  in  May,  1846.  In  his  report  on  Surgery,  presented 
to  the  convention  of  our  Society  in  1850  (MS.  archives), 
Dr.  Dunbar  claims  that  to  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland  belongs  therefore  the  credit  appropriated  by  the 
profession  of  the  State  of  New  York  of  having  proposed  and 
taken  the  first  steps  towards  this  important  movement.  The 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  had  been  represented  in  both 
of  the  preliminary  meetings  and  was  now  represented  by  a 
large  number  of  delegates.  There  were  also  full  quotas  of 
representatives  from  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society  of 
Baltimore,  the  Kent  and  Frederick  County  Medical  Societies, 
the  two  Baltimore  Colleges  and  their  alumni  associations,  and 
the  hospitals.  The  meeting  was  held  at  the  Universalist 
Church,  on  East  Baltimore  Street,  near  Central  Avenue  (now 
used  as  a  Polish  Roman  Catholic  Church).  The  use  of  anaes- 
thetics was  of  course  the  subject  of  supreme  interest,  and  our 
Maryland  surgeons  took  an  active  part  in  the  promotion  of  this 
great  boon  to  man.  A  paper  on  "Medical  Literature,"  by  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  deserves  mention  because  of  its  distinguished 
author  and  its  own  intrinsic  interest. 

In  the  annual  convention  of  the  Faculty  of  1848  we  find 
standing  committees  on  "Conversation  Meetings,"  Memoirs 
(the  first  mention  of  such  a  committee).  New  Members,  Review 
of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  and  in  the  various  branches 
of  medicine.  Dr.  Dunbar  presented  the  report  as  usual  on 
Surgery.  Dr.  Richard  S.  Steuart  was  elected  President  in  suc- 
cession  to   Dr.   Joel   Hopkins,  and  Dr.   Wm.    H.   Davis  was 

117 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

chosen  Secretary,  vice  Dr.  Durkee,  resigned.  On  motion  of 
1848  Dr.  Cohen  a  committee  was  appointed  to  draw  on  the  retiring 
Secretary  for  the  amount  of  his  indebtedness  to  the  Society 
($60  for  hcenses  unpaid).  The  attendance  was  twenty-six  to 
thirty-seven. 

The  Treasurer,  Dr.  Cohen,  reports  a  balance  on  hand  of 
$257.72^,  although  nothing  had  been  received  from  license 
fees.  He  quotes  a  letter  received  from  Dr.  R.  A.  Durkee, 
Recording  Secretary,  in  which  the  latter  says  that  owing  to 
his  long  illness  he  had  been  unable  to  attend  to  the  business 
or  to  hand  over  the  fees  received  from  candidates.  Dr.  Durkee 
died  before  the  end  of  the  year,  but  his  estate  made  good  the 
deficit.  An  item  from  the  Treasurer's  ledger  is,  "Pd.  Second 
Universalist  Society  for  use  of  church  for  national  convention 
held  May,  1848,  $50."  The  chairman  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee was  directed  to  have  printed  the  by-laws  and  charter 
and  a  list  of  members. 

The  Executive  Committee  reports  that  early  after  the  close 
of  the  convention  of  1847,  it  had  given  its  attention  to  a  uniform 
registration  law,  of  marriages,  births  and  deaths  in  the  State, 
and  in  obedience  to  the  injunction  of  the  Faculty,  had  taken 
the  necessary  steps  to  bring  the  matter  before  the  Legislature. 
The  chairman  had  corresponded  with  the  chairman  of  the 
Registration  Committee  of  the  Legislature,  and  placed  the 
draft  of  a  law  in  his  hands,  but  the  latter  had  declined  any 
advice  on  the  subject.  A  report  and  bill  had,  however,  been 
framed,  the  nature  of  which  was  unknown.  A  resolution  offer- 
ed by  him  appointing  a  committee  to  endeavor  to  secure  the 
passage  of  the  law  at  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature  was 
adopted. 

The  Library  Board,  through  Dr.  Cohen,  presented  its  report. 
Books  purchased, twenty-one;  donated, seven.  Journals  received: 

118 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chirurgical  Review,  Wood's 
Qnarterly  Retrospect  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Ranking's  1848 
Abstract,  American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences.  The  library 
by-laws  require  the  presence  of  the  librarian  at  the  library 
on  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  from  5  to  7  p.  m.  in 
summer  and  from  3.30  to  5.30  p.  m.  in  winter.  In  consequence 
of  Dr.  Fonerden  having  given  up  his  office,  an  arrangement 
was  in  progress  to  put  the  collection  in  the  new  building,  the 
Athenaeum,  comer  of  St.  Paul  and  Saratoga  Streets,  a  location 
admirably  suited  to  the  convenience  of  the  members  and  where 
daily  access  could  be  had  to  it. 

The  thanks  of  the  convention  were  "tendered  to  the  Com- 
mittee of  Arrangements  for  the  able  and  handsome  manner 
in  which  they  have  discharged  their  duty  in  the  reception  and 
entertainment  of  the  members  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation and  also  for  the  measures  they  adopted  to  relieve  the 
Society  of  the  expenses  attending  it."  Thanks  were  also 
extended  to  the  Dental  Faculty  for  use  of  room  free. 

The  publication  of  an  annual  volume  of  transactions  was 
"contemplated." 

The  Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Western  Shore,  which  "had 
been  constituted  a  Board  of  Honor  at  the  last  annual  meeting," 
report  three  members  for  expulsion,  Dr.  Augustine  Huet, 
"whose  filthy  and  obscene  advertisements  constantly  fill  the 
columns  of  our  daily  journals,  an  insult  to  common  decency 
and  subversive  of  good  morals,"  Dr.  A.  F.  Haynel,  a  homoeo- 
pathic practitioner,  and  Dr.  George  T.  Martin.  The  last  named 
was  a  son  of  the  great  Founder,  Ennalls  Martin,  and  became 
mixed  up  with  "empirical  advertisements,"  in  connection  with 
the  wholesale  drug  business,  which  he  carried  on  in  this  city  for 
some  years.  The  Board  asked  that  the  names  of  these  three 
and  that  of  Dr.  Gideon  B.   Smith,  as  meriting  expulsion,  be 

119 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

omitted  in  the  list  of  names  of  members  about  to  be  published. 
1848      It  also  declared  its  intention  of  expelling  others  guilty  of  the 
same  offense.     The  report  was  signed  by  Drs.  DuHn,  chairman, 
Robinson,  Hintze  and  D.  Stewart. 

During  this  meeting  occurred  the  death  of  Dr.  Pierre  Cha- 
tard,  and  the  Faculty  attended  his  funeral  in  a  body.  Resolu- 
tions were  adopted  and  it  was  voted  to  wear  crape  for  thirty 
days. 

Owing  to  the  prevalence  of  cholera  throughout  the  country, 
the  Executive  Committee  deemed  it  expedient  in  the  fall  of 
this  year  to  call  together  the  Faculty  in  order  "to  devise  and 
suggest"  sanitary  measures  for  the  State  in  case  the  disease 
appeared  here.  Meetings  were  held  November  3  and  13  at 
the  Maryland  Medical  Institute  on  Fayette  Street,  at  which  the 
report  of  a  Committee  on  Cholera,  composed  of  Drs.  Theobald, 
Baer  and  Readel,  was  considered  and  adopted.  The  following 
is  an  abstract  of  it :  Humidity  and  impurity  of  atmosphere  are 
considered  powerful  predisposing  factors.  Cleanliness  counter- 
acts these  agencies  and  should  be  insisted  on.  There  should  be 
a  fortnightly  inspection  of  premises,  etc.,  and  during  epidemics 
additional  dispensary  physicians  should  be  appointed.  The 
committee  recommends  the  use  of  chloride  of  lime  freely, 
warm  baths,  attention  to  clothing,  avoidance  of  exposure  and 
especially  temperance  in  eating  and  drinking.  If  the  bowels 
are  constipated  rhubarb  should  be  preferred,  if  the  least  lax, 
lead  and  opium,  or  calomel  and  opium,  with  rest  in  bed.  It  is 
also  recommended  that  an  apothecary  be  selected  in  each  ward 
where  the  poor  may  procure  the  above  remedies  free  of  cost. 
The  report  was  ordered  to  be  printed  and  sent  to  every  town 
and  village  in  the  State. 

Honorary  membership  is  first  mentioned  this  year,  which 
concludes  the  first  half  century  of  the  Faculty's  existence. 

120 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1849.  A  special  meeting  was  held  February  13  to  appoint 
delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  again  on  1849 
the  twentieth  of  the  same  month,  when  a  motion  was  adopted 
that  the  draft  of  a  law  for  the  registration  of  births,  deaths  and 
marriages  "be  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee,  with  a 
request  to  use  all  proper  diligence  to  procure  the  enactment  of 
the  same  and  to  solicit  the  cooperation  of  the  clergy  and  medi- 
cal faculty  of  the  State."  This  motion  was  proposed  by  Dr. 
O  wings. 

At  the  annual  meeting  Dr.  Roberts  presented  a  short  report 
on  Obstetrics,  and  also  a  Medical  Directory  of  the  State,  con- 
taining the  names,  residences,  post  offices  and  times  of  gradua- 
tion or  licensing  of  all  physicians.  Dr.  Dunbar  made  the  report 
as  usual  on  Surgery  and  Dr.  David  Stewart  offered  one  on 
Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy,  in  which  he  called  attention 
to  cod  liver  oil,  collodion  and  solution  of  gutta-percha,  newly 
introduced  agents. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  making  members  ineligible  to  the 
same  office  two  years  in  succession. 

The  Executive  Committee  urges  further  action  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  conversational  meetings  or  clubs  not  only  in  Balti- 
more, but  in  every  county  and  town  in  the  State.  The  good 
of  such  meetings  was  pointed  out,  not  only  in  the  mental 
improvement  of  those  attending  but  in  the  promotion  of  kindly 
personal  feeling,  "the  want  of  which  is  so  much  experienced 
in  the  medical  community  of  the  State  and  especially  in  the 
city." 

Dr.  Peregrine  Wroth  was  chosen  as  President  for  the  ensuing 
year,  as  I  find  a  communication  from  Dr.  Fonerden,  dated  June 
1849,  addressed  to  him  by  that  title  and  also  a  diploma  to  which 
his  name  is  affixed  as  prseses,  dated  November  8,  1849. 

121 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  balance  for  the  year  was  $123.41,  of  which  $50  repre- 

1849  sented  Hcense  fees. 

The  Library  Board  (Drs.  Fonerden  and  D.  Stewart)  reports 
that  since  June,  1848,  it  had  made  an  arrangement  wdth  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association  by  which  a  place  had  been 
secured  for  the  library  in  the  Athenaeum  for  the  next  five  years, 
with  free  access  on  every  day  of  the  week,  and  the  attention 
of  the  librarian  without  further  expense  than  the  $50  annually 
hitherto  paid  to  the  Faculty's  librarian.  The  library  had 
accordingly  been  placed  there.  During  the  year  forty-three 
volumes  had  been  added  to  it  and  a  number  had  been  presented. 

1850  1850.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  the  M.  E.  Church 
at  Easton  on  the  fifth  of  June,  sixteen  members  present.  Dr. 
Richard  S.  Steuart  was  elected  President  for  the  second  time. 
Most  of  the  standing  committees  made  no  report,  the  chairmen 
being  absent.  The  balance  on  hand  was  $218.63^.  Dr. 
Dunbar  presented  the  fourteenth  annual  report  on  Surgery. 
He  reports  a  case  of  malignant  disease  of  the  eye  of  ten 
years  standing,  which  had  been  cured  by  the  use  of  a  bread 
and  milk  diet.  The  subject  of  it  was  "The  Celebrated  Dr. 
Twitchell,  the  Physick  of  New  England,"  and  the  growth  had 
attracted  great  attention  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  which  Dr.  Twitchell  had  attended,  when 
a  great  many  eminent  surgeons  examined  it.  It  was  then 
reported  by  Dr.  Bowditch,  of  Boston.  The  patient  was  sixty- 
eight  years  old. 

Dr.  Roberts  presented  the  report  on  Obstetrics.  The  Library 
Board  reported  the  expenditure  of  $100  for  books,  binding, 
etc.  Twelve  new  books  had  been  purchased  and  three  new 
journals  added  to  the  subscription  list.  The  report  is  signed 
by  J.    Fonerden,   chairman. 

122 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  C.  C.  Cox  offered  a  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  to 
appoint  a  committee  to  report  on  the  propriety  of  forming  a       1850 
society  under  the  auspices  of  the  Faculty  for  the  relief  of  the 
widows  and  orphans  of  deceased  members. 

The  committee  on  registration  of  births,  etc.,  reported. 

A  committee,  consisting  of  two  from  the  Western  and  one 
from  the  Eastern  Shore,  was  appointed  to  consult  counsel 
regarding  the  charter  and  law  of  1839,  and  whether  diplomas 
entitle  the  holders  to  practice  in  the  State  without  license. 

The  annual  oration  was  delivered  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Cox,  of  Eas- 
ton,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  audience  of  members,  ladies 
and  gentlemen. 

Standing  Committees  were  appointed  on  Surgery,  Chemistry, 
Obstetrics,  Pathology  and  Practice,  Conversational  Meetings, 
New  Members,  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy,  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia and  Memoirs. 


1 85 1.  June  4,  Dr.  Steuart  was  succeeded  in  the  presidential 
office  by  Dr.  Wm.  W.  Handy.  Dr.  Samuel  B.  Martin  delivered 
the  annual  oration.  The  balance  in  the  treasury  was  $283.89^. 
Dr.  Davis  declined  a  reelection  as  Secretary,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Dr.  Frank  Donaldson. 

Dr.  Dunbar  offered  a  resolution  to  reconsider  the  case  of 
Dr.  George  T.  Martin,  whose  name  had  been  dropped  in  1848 
for  "empirical  advertising."  It  was  adopted  and  referred  to 
the  Board  of  Examiners  with  directions  to  reinstate  him  if 
judged  proper. 

Dr.  Roberts  oft'ered  a  resolution  to  the  following  effect,  which 
was  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  chairman  appoint  a  committee  of 
three,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  take  all  necessary  means 
to   obtain    the    passage    by   the    Legislature    of    the    law    on 

123 


1851 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

registration  of  marriages,  births  and  deaths  as  presented  to 

1851  the  late  Legislature." 

This  annual  meeting  was  held  at  Dr.  Dunbar's  Baltimore 
Medical  Institute,  with  eighteen  members  present  at  the  open- 
ing. 

During  the  fall  some  zealous  members  of  the  Society  insti- 
tuted weekly  conversational  meetings.  These  were  continued 
during  the  year,  being  well  attended,  not  only  by  the  physicians 
of  the  city  but  also  by  those  of  the  adjoining  sections  and 
counties.  Not  infrequently  distinguished  strangers  were  pres- 
ent at  these  meetings,  and  medical  officers  of  the  Army  and 
Navy.  These  meetings  doubtless  contributed  to  revive  the 
"drooping"  Society  and  add  to  the  scanty  numbers  of  its  effi- 
cient membership.  According  to  a  statement  of  Dr.  Hintze, 
chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  Faculty  was  at  this 
time  the  only  Society  "of  which  the  State  could  boast." 

1852  1852-  A  catalogue  of  the  books  in  the  library  was  pub- 
lished at  this  time,  from  which  we  learn  that  it  contained 
1243  volumes. 

The  Treasurer's  report  showed  receipts  amounting  to 
$552.39^  and  a  balance  on  hand  of  $177.31^.  The  Treas- 
urer's book  shows  that  $360  had  been  expended  on  behalf  of 
the  library,  including  shelving,  catalogue,  insurance;  $157.79 
had  been  expended  by  the  Library  Board  for  books,  binding, 
journals,  etc.  About  $2(x>  worth  of  books  had  been  ordered; 
twenty-eight  had  been  purchased  and  ten  journals  subscribed 
for. 

And  now  the  annals  tell  us  of  one  of  those  periodical  revivals 
in  the  career  of  the  Society,  which  seem  to  be  inseparable  from 
the  history  of  all  human  organizations,  in  fact  a  law  of  their 
existence.     Each  depression  gives  way  in  its  turn  to  inevitable 

124 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

rejuvenation.  We  cannot  always  discover  a  reason  for  this 
occurrence,  but  there  must  be  causes  at  work  somewhere  below  1852 
the  surface.  The  state  of  medical  science  in  1852  was  under- 
going great  change.  New  and  more  perfect  methods  of  study 
were  being  introduced.  Chemistry  was  contributing  its  aid 
to  investigation,  and  with  improved  microscopes,  histology 
and  pathology  were  looming  up  as  recognized  branches  of 
medical  science,  while  under  the  magic  of  anaesthesia,  surgery 
was  taking  a  new  stride.  Young  men  trained  abroad  were 
introducing  new  modes  of  research  and  infusing  fresh  interest 
into  every  department  of  work. 

And  so  in  1853,  Dr.  Hintze  could  speak  of  "the  present  i853 
unparalleled  prosperity  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty." Dr.  Hintze  had  been  the  chairman  of  the  Executive 
Committee  for  the  year,  the  other  members  being  Drs.  Yeates 
and  Dunbar;  he  acknowledges  the  aid  afforded  the  committee 
by  Dr.  M.  D.  Baer,  the  President. 

In  the  spring  of  1853,  the  committee  issued  a  circular  to  the 
members  throughout  the  State  soliciting  their  attendance  at 
the  annual  meeting,  held  June  i  to  3.  The  result  was  most 
gratifying,  many  applications  for  membership  being  received, 
and  a  large  number  availing  themselves  of  the  opportunity  of 
participating  in  an  occasion  at  which  an  intellectual  feast  was 
spread  before  them  such  as  had  not  yet  been  seen  at  these  meet- 
ings. Reports  were  presented  on  Modern  Improvements  in 
Surgery,  by  Dr.  Richard  McSherry;  on  Therapeutics,  by  Dr. 
Van  Bibber ;  on  the  Pharmacopoeia,  by  Dr.  David  Stewart ;  on 
Recent  Improvements  in  Auscultation  in  Diseases  of  the  Lungs, 
by  Dr.  F.  Donaldson;  on  Chemistry,  by  Dr.  Stewart,  and  on 
Memoirs,  by  Dr.  Dunbar. 

12^, 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

An  interesting  communication  was  read  from  Dr.  E.  G. 
1853  Edrington,  of  Pittsburg,  formerly  of  Maryland,  giving  an 
account  of  the  ligation  of  both  common  carotid  arteries  in 
the  same  subject,  in  1823,  by  Dr.  William  D.  Macgill,  of 
Hagerstown,  the  first  time  this  had  been  done.  Our  interest 
in  this  young  surgeon,  who  died  in  1833,  is  heightened  by  the 
knowledge  that  but  a  few  weeks  intervened  between  the  recep- 
tion of  his  diploma  in  Baltimore  and  this  great  surgical  feat. 
Dr.  Edrington  speaks  of  him  as  "an  ambitious  aspirant  for 
surgical  honors,  whose  life,  though  short,  was  marked  by 
heroic  efforts  in  his  favorite  branch." 

The  meeting  was  rendered  memorable  by  being  the  last 
attended  by  a  charter  member.  On  motion  of  Dr.  Geo.  C.  M. 
Roberts,  June  2,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  wait 
upon  Drs.  Ashton  Alexander  and  Samuel  K.  Jennings,  and 
invite  them  to  be  present  at  the  next  day's  session.  At  the 
appointed  hour  the  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Roberts,  Dulin 
and  Dunbar,  informed  the  convention  that  they  had  performed 
the  duty  assigned  them,  whereupon  Dr.  Yeates,  the  President, 
arose  and  in  suitable  terms  introduced  the  distinguished  visitors 
to  the  assemblage.  Both  expressed  their  appreciation  of  the 
honor  done  them.  Dr.  Alexander  said  that  no  event  in  his 
whole  life  had  gratified  him  more  than  this  invitation ;  that 
he  had  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  Faculty  and  had 
had  the  honor  of  being  its  first  Secretary  and  afterwards  one 
of  its  Board  of  Examiners ;  that  he  would  always  feel  an 
abiding  interest  in  its  welfare.  He  was  then  compelled  to  leave 
from  exhaustion.  As  he  did  so  the  members  by  a  spontaneous 
impulse  arose  and  remained  standing  until  he  had  passed  out 
of  the  door.  A  resolution  was  then  adopted,  on  motion  of 
Dr.  Kemp,  "that  the  Faculty  felt  great  gratification  in  having 
the  presence  of  Drs.  Alexander  and  Jennings  at  their  session 

126 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

this  morning,  and  that  the  Secretary  furnish  each  of  these 
gentlemen  with  a  copy  of  the  above  resolution."  1853 

The  business  transactions  were  of  unusual  interest.  A  cer- 
tificate of  the  Secretary,  Dr.  Donaldson,  shows  that  thirty-five 
new  members  had  been  admitted,  chiefly  in  consequence  of  the 
action  taken  at  the  previous  meeting  in  April  allowing  candi- 
dates to  pay  their  license  fee  of  $io  in  five  annual  instalments, 
instead  of  exacting  the  whole  amount  at  one  payment  as  had 
been  the  rule  ever  since  1799.  The  Board  of  Library  Directors 
reported  that  during  the  previous  year  $325  had  been  received 
from  the  Treasurer  and  about  $200  worth  of  books  had  been 
ordered  and  thirteen  journals  subscribed  for.  Forty-four  vol- 
umes had  been  added  during  the  year.  It  was  announced  that 
the  library  would  be  opened  daily  from  10  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 
On  motion  "the  usual  annual  appropriation  of  $200  was  made 
out  of  any  funds  not  otherwise  disposed  of  and  fees  of  admis- 
sion of  new  members  the  ensuing  year,  as  heretofore,  were 
appropriated  to  the  library." 

The  Treasurer's  report  shows  receipts  $577.93>4,  expenses 
$477.34>^  ;  balance  on  hand  $100.59.  He  was  ordered  to  fund 
annually  a  sum  not  less  than  $50,  but  subsequently  reported 
his  inability  to  comply  with  this  order. 

Many  resolutions  were  offered  looking  to  stronger  profes- 
sional organization  in  the  State  and  the  recovery  of  lost  rights, 
but  as  they  accomplished  nothing  it  were  a  waste  of  time  to 
enumerate  them.  Dr.  Roberts  proposed  "that  a  subscription 
should  be  taken  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  test  in  the 
courts  of  the  State  the  value  of  the  law  and  supplements  incor- 
porating the  Faculty,  and  also  the  validity  of  the  law  of  1838, 
or  any  other  law  conflicting  with  the  charter."  The  sequel  of 
this  proposal  which  was  adopted  will  appear  further  on. 

9  127 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A  special  meeting  was  held  July  6  and  7  at  Rechabite  Hall, 
1853  "on  Fayette  Street  near  the  bridge,"  which  was  secured  for 
the  occasion  "at  $1.50  per  day  including  ice-water." 

Attention  was  now  drawn  to  the  fact  that  there  was  no 
medical  society  at  this  time  in  Baltimore,  and  the  profession 
throughout  the  State  was  urged  to  form  city  and  county  dis- 
trict associations  in  affiliation  with  the  Faculty,  in  accordance 
with  Art.  XIX  of  the  By-Laws.  With  this  view  and  as  the  re- 
sult of  this  suggestion,  "The  Medico-Chirurgical  Society,  "which 
had  "already  in  former  time  been  in  successful  operation  in 
Baltimore,  and  whose  meetings  were  for  several  years  objects 
of  much  interest  to  the  profession,"  was  revived  (in  1855). 
The  formation  of  minor  and  more  limited  associations  for 
purely  scientific  purposes  was  also  strongly  recommended,  par- 
ticularly in  Baltimore.  Although  not  directly  connected  in 
any  way  with  this  body,  mention  must  be  made  of  the  institu- 
tion of  the  first  Pathological  Society,  which  met  for  organiza- 
tion on  the  eleventh  of  June.  It  embraced  in  its  membership 
most  of  the  rising  talent  of  the  profession,  and  its  proceedings 
which  were  pubHshed  from  time  to  time  in  the  journals  of  the 
day  by  the  Secretary,  Dr.  Van  Bibber,  showed  a  higher  stand- 
ard of  excellence  than  had  been  attained  by  any  previous 
association  in  the  State.  The  meetings  continued  until  Novem- 
ber, 1858.     There  were  fifty-eight  members. 

A  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  Faculty  was  held  at  Easton, 
Talbot  County,  in  November,  the  object  of  which  seems  to 
have  been  to  consider  the  condition  and  prospects  of  the 
Society.  By  meeting  in  the  counties  it  was  hoped  to  have  the 
attendance  of  the  county  members.  The  success  does  not  seem 
to  have  met  expectations. 

A  brief  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  year  was  published 
at  an  expense  of  $24  for  700  copies.     From  the  list  given  we 

128 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

learn  that  there  were  then  436  members,  377  being  from  the 
Western  Shore  and  59  from  the  Eastern.  This  shows  a  con- 
siderable falling  off  from  the  600  of  1830.  The  title  of  M.D. 
accompanies  the  names  of  310. 

The  convention  of  1854  met  also  at  Rechabite  Hall.  The  1854 
Boards  of  Examiners  failed  to  report.  The  Treasurer  reported 
receipts  $442.84,  expenditures  $401.74^^,  leaving  balance  on 
hand  $41.09^.  The  committee  appointed  the  previous  year 
to  collect  money  to  test  the  validity  of  the  laws  conflicting 
with  the  charter,  reported  that  they  had  collected  one  dollar. 

The  chairman  (First  Vice-President  George  C.  M.  Roberts) 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  there  were  certain  rights,  fran- 
chises, etc.,  belonging  to  the  Faculty  which  ought  to  be  investi- 
gated. Drs.  Roberts,  Cohen  and  Yeates  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  investigate  and  report  on  the  same. 

All  applicants  for  membership  at  this  time  were  required 
to  answer  the  following  questions:  i.  Have  you  given  any 
certificate  to  the  efficacy  of  any  medicine  which  is  used  or  dis- 
pensed as  a  secret  remedy  ?  2.  Do  you  compound  or  have  you 
originated  any  secret  preparation  with  a  view  to  its  being  sold 
in  like  marmer  as  a  secret  remedy  is  sold?  3.  Do  you  receive 
a  percentage  or  any  other  remuneration  from  any  druggist  or 
druggists  on  prescriptions  ?  It  would  appear  from  the  frequent 
allusions  to  ethical  subjects  that  there  must  have  been  some 
irregular  practices  such  as  those  mentioned  among  members  of 
the  profession,  and  that  an  endeavor  was  made  to  exclude  those 
guilty  of  them,  or  even  if  possible  to  pursue  them  beyond  the 
pale  of  the  Society. 

The  library  received  as  usual  a  large  share  of  attention. 
During  the  year  nineteen  books  had  been  added  and  sixteen 
journals  subscribed  for.     It  was  now  kept  in  a  room  at  the 

129 


MEDICAL  AND  OHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Mercantile  Library's  quarters,  cxjrner  of  St.  Paul  and  Sara- 
1854  toga  Streets.  An  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to  secure 
a  reduction  in  the  cost  of  this  room,  with  a  view  to  adding  the 
amount  saved  to  the  salary  of  Mr.  Green,  the  librarian,  and 
thus  securing  his  supervision  of  the  Society's  collection.  The 
Library  Directors  were  directed  to  make  the  best  arrangement 
possible  for  the  preservation  and  safekeeping  of  the  library, 
and  the  same  appropriation  was  voted  as  in  the  previous  year. 
The  proceedings  of  the  next  year  will  show,  however,  that  they 
received  only  a  small  part  of  this  sum. 

The  Committees  on  Obstetrics,  Practice,  Therapeutics  and 
Memoirs  did  not  respond  when  called  on,  but  valuable  reports 
were  made  on  Surgery  by  Dr.  Christopher  Johnston,  and  on 
Chemistry  by  Dr.  Charles  Frick.  Dr.  Prick's  work  on  the  blood 
and  urine  was  at  this  time  attracting  much  attention,  not  only 
at  home,  but  abroad.  His  contribution  to  this  meeting  was  an 
endeavor  to  show  by  experiments  the  influence  of  different 
remedies  upon  the  urine.  He  contented  himself  with  a  report 
of  the  facts,  leaving  his  audience  to  draw  their  own  conclu- 
sions. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  June  15,  to  hear  the  report  of 
the  Roberts  Committee  on  the  charter  rights  of  the  Faculty. 
After  reviewing  the  Acts  of  Assembly  of  1807  and  1812,  and 
the  opinion  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  1838  (all  relating  to 
the  medical  college  and  university)  the  report  concludes:  "That 
the  law  passed  by  the  Legislature  at  its  session  of  1838,  chap. 
781  [relative  to  Thomsonians],  is  unconstitutional  and  there- 
fore void.  This  act  deprives  this  Faculty  of  such  of  its  fran- 
chises as  are  essential  to  its  vitality  and  therefore  is  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  constitution  of  the  State,  and  also  of  the  United 
States.  The  case  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land versus  the  Trustees,  as  decided  by  the  Court  of  Appeals, 

130 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

render  this  conclusion  of  your  committee  the  more  certain 
because  the  charter  giving  Hfe  to  the  University  is  a  part  and  1854 
PARCEL  of  that  which  originated  the  College  of  Medicine, 
WHICH  College  of  Medicine  was  legally  connected  with  and 
is  a  part  of  this  Faculty.  2.  That  the  act  originating  the  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  is  still  in  legal  existence  and  may  be  used  by 
this  Faculty.  3.  That  it  is  to  the  interest  of  this  Faculty  to 
institute  such  an  examination  into  this  whole  subject  as  may 
fully  declare  and  establish  its  rights  and  privileges."  This 
report  was  signed  by  Drs.  Roberts  and  Cohen,  Dr.  Yeates 
declining  to  sign,  on  the  ground  that  "no  practical  good  could 
result  from  any  investigation."  The  committee  made  no  sug- 
gestion as  to  the  course  to  be  pursued.  The  report  of  the 
majority  was  adopted  by  the  convention  and  the  investigation 
ordered.  The  committee  was  authorized  to  employ  counsel 
if  deemed  advisable  and  was  directed  to  report  what  further 
action  was  necessary  or  advisable. 

1855.     The  proceedings  show  that  the  expenses  for  the  year       1855 
had  be-en  $514.02,   leaving  the   Society  in   debt  for  a  small 
amount  ($2,423^)  to  the  Treasurer.     The  permanent  funds  of 
the  Society  were  invested  as  follows : 

City  of  Baltimore  6  per  cent  stock  of  1870 $1000 

1890 100 

Five  shares  Farmers  Bank  of  Maryland,  $30  per  share. . .      150 
Twenty-nine  shares  Union  Bank  of  Md.,  $75  per  share. .   2175 


$3425 


A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  Dr.  Cohen,  Treasurer,  for 
his  "extraordinary  services  in  securing  the  stocks  and  other 
securities  entrusted  to  his  care  during  the  past  year." 

131 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  funds,  the  Committee  on  Chartered 
1855      Rights  had  been  unable  to  secure  legal  advice. 

The  Library  Committee  had  received  but  $ioo  and  had  con- 
sequently been  compelled  to  discontiue  all  journals  and  cease 
the  purchase  of  books.  The  library  was  reported  to  have  1250 
volumes,  but  many  journals  had  been  taken  away  in  violation 
of  the  rules.  The  Library  Committee  had  been  unable  to  appro- 
priate the  $50  designed  to  secure  the  supervision  of  the  libra- 
rian of  the  Mercantile  Library.  The  financial  stress  was  great 
and  the  only  way  it  could  be  met  was  to  withdraw  the  $150 
voted  to  the  use  of  the  Executive  Committee,  or  so  much  thereof 
as  should  be  necessary,  and  give  it  to  the  Library  Committee 
to  meet  the  liabilities  that  had  been  incurred  by  it.  No  appro- 
priation was  made  to  the  library  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  the 
Library  Committee  was  directed  to  incur  no  further  expense 
without  the  special  authority  of  the  Faculty.  Such  were  the 
straits  to  which  our  predecessors  were  reduced  in  consequence 
of  the  unjust  and  pernicious  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  1838. 
Such  were  the  efforts  and  the  sacrifices  they  made  to  retain 
and  hand  down  to  their  successors  the  important  work  they 
had  undertaken  "for  the  promoting  and  disseminating  medical 
and  surgical  knowledge  throughout  the  State." 

Dr.  Jacob  S.  Baer,  of  Frederick  (on  whose  motion  the  semi- 
annual meeting  at  Easton  in  November,  1853,  had  been  held, 
in  order  to  rouse  the  profession  of  the  State  to  stand  up  for 
its  rights),  again  came  forward  as  the  champion  of  justice  by 
moving  that  the  committee  be  instructed  to  proceed  to  institute 
such  proceedings  to  recover  the  chartered  rights  of  the  Faculty 
as  should  be  deemed  necessary  and  that  an  assessment  should 
be  made  for  the  necessary  expenses.  This  motion  was  carried 
on  a  division  vote,  showing  that  there  was  strong  opposition. 
The  election  of  Dr.  Baer  a  day  or  two  later,  however,  indicates 

132 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

that  the  part  he  took  in  the  matter  had  not  estranged  from  him 

a  majority  of  the  Society.  1855 

The  Committee  on  Chartered  Rights  next  day  made  its 
report.  Whilst  the  funds  had  not  justified  the  consulting  of 
counsel,  "the  subject  being  one  of  vital  importance  to  the  sta- 
bility of  this  corporation  in  the  opinion  of  your  committee, 
renders  it  necessary  that  such  an  investigation  should  be  made 
at  the  earliest  practicable  moment ;  the  more  so  because  of  the 
fact  that  there  is  to  some  extent  a  difference  of  opinion  in 
reference  to  the  'practical  good'  to  result  from  such  investi- 
gation. The  sooner  the  whole  subject  is  examined  into  and 
finally  settled,  the  sooner  will  the  members  of  the  convention 
and  the  medical  profession  at  large  know  what  is  the  position 
they  occupy  and  what  value  is  to  be  placed  upon  their  charter, 
a  charter  accepted  and  acted  upon  for  so  many  years  with 
manifest  advantage  to  the  profession  and  the  public,  and  sol- 
emnly guaranteed  to  them  in  perpetuity — 'forever.'"  This  was 
signed  by  Drs.  Roberts  and  Cohen.  It  was  "accepted"  and 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Publication.  Later  the  whole 
matter  was  indefinitely  postponed,  when  Dr.  Roberts  asked 
to  be  excused  from  serving  longer  on  the  committee. 

Dr.  Roberts  ofl^ered  to  the  Society  the  free  use  of  his  hall  on 
Hanover  Street,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  library,  provided 
a  librarian  should  be  appointed  and  "the  sum  now  applied  for 
keeping  the  library  be  expended  in  its  enlargement."  This 
offer,  though  formally  accepted,  was  not  actually  availed  of. 

Attention  was  called  to  the  persistent  neglect  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Memoirs  to  report  for  years. 

Dr.  Donaldson  offered  the  following  resolution :  "That  a 
committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  memorialize  the  next  Legis- 
lature for  the  enactment  of  a  law  for  the  uniform  registration 
of  births,    deaths   and   marriages  throughout   the    State."     A 

133 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

committee  was  appointed  for  this  purpose  and  a  bill  was  framed 
1855  which  passed  the  lower  house  by  a  nearly  unanimous  vote  the 
following  winter.  But  in  the  press  of  business  at  the  close  of 
the  session  it  was  neglected.  The  committee  was  still  "confi- 
dent" the  bill  would  be  passed  but  it  never  diid,  although  the 
committee  continued  its  agitation  of  the  subject  for  some  time. 

The  Committee  on  Conversational  Meetings  reported  with 
regard  to  the  Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  founded  this 
year  as  a  result  of  the  resolution  of  1853,  toi  which  allusiion 
was  made  in  the  proceedings  of  that  year,  that  the  said  Society 
was  in  successful  operation,  meeting  monthly  with  forty  active 
members.* 

Few,  however,  of  the  older  physicians  had  joined  it.  "The 
committee  still  fondly  hope  that  the  apathy  and  indifference 
to  the  general  standing  and  wefare  of  the  profession  and 
apparent  sole  devotion  to  pecuniarily  profitable  pursuits  is  about 
to  yield  to  the  laudable  examples  of  the  members  of  our  pro- 
fession in  other  large  cities." 

A  resolution  to  publish  volunteer  papers,  as  well  as  reports 
of  standing  committees,  was  adopted,  but  no  such  papers 
appear  to  have  been  offered. 

Interesting  reports  were  presented  at  this  meeting  by  Dr. 
Ste.'ner  on  Chemdstry,  by  Dr.  Miltenberger  on  Surgery,  by  Dr. 
Van  Bibber  on  Obstetrics  and  by  Dr.  David  Stewart  on  the 
Pharmacopoeia. 

The  basis  of  Dr.  Van  Bibber's  report  was  the  vast  obstetrical 
experience  of  his  father-in-law,  Dr.  Pierre  Chatard,  embracing 


*The  Book  of  Proceedings  of  this  Society  is  preserved  at  the  hall. 
The  first  meeting  was  held  at  Rechabite  Hall,  June  11,  1855,  Dr.  Mil- 
tenberger, President.  The  last  meeting  was  February,  8,  1858.  Drs. 
C.  Johnston,  John  Morris  and  G.  W.  Miltenberger  delivered  annual 
"orations''  before  it.  The  same  book  contains  the  proceedings  of  the 
Baltimore  Medical  Association  from  June  11,  1866,  to  May  10,  1869. 

134 


MEDICAL  HALL 
(Dr.  Archer's  Residence). 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

4309  cases.  This  paper  may  be  considered  a  local  classic  and 
will  doubtless  be  referred  to  in  all  times  to  come  by  writers  1855 
upon  this  subject  in  Maryland.  Dr.  Stewart  refers  to  annual 
reports  of  his  committee  since  1850.  He  alludes  to  the  "absurd" 
system  of  weights  and  measures  in  use,  and  the  resulting 
extreme  difficulty  of  converting  one  into  the  other,  or  finding 
the  relation  of  the  standard  measure  to  the  weight.  He  urges 
that  the  Faculty  "take  the  lead"  in  adopting  the  decimal  system 
and  predicts  that  before  another  decade  that  system  "will 
have  excluded  all  others  and  be  as  essential  to  the  integrity 
and  scientific  position  of  our  Pharmacopoeia  as  the  Latin  ver- 
sion was  a  few  years  since." 

The  meeting  of  1856  was  again  held  at  Rechabite  Hall.  The  i856 
financial  report  for  the  year  showed  receipts  $356.26,  balance 
on  hand  $72.72.  The  resignation  of  the  Treasurer,  Dr.  Cohen, 
was  offered  and  accepted,  and  his  "punctual  and  faithful  per- 
formance of  duties  for  so  many  years,"  securing  as  it  had  for 
him  "the  full  confidence  of  the  members,"  was  duly  placed  on 
record.  At  the  time  of  Dr.  Cohen's  resignation  the  Faculty 
possessed  the  following  stock:  Union  Bank,  City  6  per  cent, 
and  Farmers  Bank  of  Maryland  at  Annapolis  (see  1855). 

But  few  copies  of  the  Transactions  of  1855  had  been  sold  in 
the  city  and  country  members  had  received  it  gratis. 

The  Committee  on  the  Library  (Drs.  Steiner  and  Cox) 
reported  that  owing  to  the  want  of  money  they  had  been  unable 
to  purchase  any  books  or  to  rebind  those  requiring  it.  They 
suggested  that  the  library  be  disposed  of  to  some  society  in  the 
city.  On  motion  a  committee  of  five,  two  from  the  city  and 
three  from  the  counties,  was  appointed,  to  report  on  the  con- 
dition of  the  library,  and  $50  were  appropriated  for  the  ex- 
penses of  the  latter. 

135 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A  motion  by  Dr.  Hintze  was  adopted,  "That  this  Faculty 

1856  highly  approve  of  the  reorganization  of  the  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy,  and  bespeak  for  its  judicious  code  of  ethics  the 
cordial  support  of  the  legitimate  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession." 

Dr.  Cox,  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Examiners,  reported 
that  the  Board  had  not  been  able  to  secure  a  quorum  and  sug- 
gested that  the  members  of  the  Board  should  in  future  be 
selected  altogether  from  the  place  of  meeting. 

Reports  were  presented  by  Dr.  McKew  on  Chemistry,  by  Dr. 
H.  P.  C.  Wilson  on  the  Treatment  of  Malarious  Fevers,  and  by 
Dr.  Monmonier  on  Memoirs.  Papers  on  Medical  Topography 
were  offered  by  Dr.  S.  K.  Handy,  on  Somerset  County,  by  Dr. 
Peregrine  Wroth  on  Kent  County,  and  by  Dr.  C.  Humphreys, 
on  Wicomico  County.     Dr.  Steiner  delivered  the  oration. 

Dr.  Crane  called  attention  to  the  need  of  a  fixed  and  perma- 
nent place  of  meeting  and  suitable  accommodation  of  the  library 
whereupon  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  and  report 
upon  the  subject,  which  was  further  considered,  but  without 
immediate  results,  at  a  special  meeting  held  November  12. 

1857  In  1857  the  experiment  of  holding  the  annual  meeting  in 
the  counties  Vv^as  tried  for  the  second  time.  Frederick 
City  was  chosen  as  the  place  of  meeting  and  the  result 
"approved  the  deed."  In  his  opening  remarks,  the  President, 
Dr.  Cox,  declared  that  "no  more  efficient  mode  of  reviving 
the  drooping  energies  of  the  Society  could  be  employed  than 
that  of  migratory  meetings."  Dr.  William  Waters,  of  Fred- 
erick, delivered  "a  very  interesting  and  able  oration,"  and  the 
convention  was  handsomely  entertained  by  the  physicians  of 
Frederick. 

136 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  report  of  the  new  Treasurer,  Dr.  Hintze,  showed 
receipts  for  the  year,  $370.47;  balance  on  hand,  $62.26.  Bills  1857 
were  due  for  advertising  $24,  and  for  amount  due  Mercantile 
Library  for  use  of  shelves  $100.  He  referred  to  the  meagre 
receipts  from  fees  of  new  members  for  the  year.  The  article 
admitting  annual  members  was  repealed. 

The  Library  Committee  reported  that  at  the  close  of  the 
previous  annual  meeting  a  careful  examination  had  been  made 
of  the  collection  and  that  it  had  been  found  in  such  condition 
that  permission  had  been  obtained  from  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee to  close  it.  Many  books  were  missing,  those  on  the 
shelves  were  disarranged  and  everything  evinced  that  the 
librarian  had  exercised  no  care  or  superintendence  over  it.  It 
still  remained  at  the  Alercantile  Library  awaiting  the  purchase 
of  a  hall.  No  additions  had  been  made  and  the  only  funds  in 
the  hands  of  the  committee  were  $23  turned  over  to  it  by 
the  previous  committee. 

Dr.  Roberts  moved  that  the  Committee  on  Conversational 
Meetings  be  requested  to  revive,  as  far  as  practicable,  the  old 
conversation  meetings  of  the  Faculty;  this  was  carried  and 
an  additional  member  from  each  county  added  to  the  com- 
mittee. 

Drs.  Monmonier  and  Roberts  remonstrated  against  the  long 
neglect  of  the  Committee  on  Memoirs. 

A  report  of  a  special  committee,  of  which  Dr.  Miltenberger 
was  chairman,  throws  some  light  upon  the  working  of  the 
Faculty  at  this  time.  "A  single  member  of  either  of  the  Exam- 
ining Boards  may  grant  a  license  to  an  applicant,  which,  how- 
ever, is  but  temporary  and  operative  only  until  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  can  be  convened  (Art.  V  of  Constitution).  To  constitute 
full  membership  and  entitle  permanently  to  the  full  privileges 
of  the  Faculty,  the  Constitution  positively  requires  the  signa- 

137 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tures  of  five  members  of  the  Examining  Board  for  the  Western 
1857  Shore,  or  three  of  the  Board  for  the  Eastern  Shore,  it  being 
further  requisite  that  such  certificate  shall  be  countersigned 
by  the  President  of  the  Faculty  and  have  the  seal  of  the  Faculty 
affixed  theretO'  by  the  Secretary.  Your  committee  finds  nothing 
either  in  the  Constitution  or  By-Laws  conferring  any — even  the 
slightest — privileges  on  the  graduates  of  any  school  or  uni- 
versity." 

Dr.  Steiner  presented  a  report  on  Medical  Chemistry  and 
Dr.  Donaldson  one  on  "The  Present  State  of  the  Science  of 
Auscultation  as  Applicable  to  the  Diagnosis  of  Phthisis  Pul- 
monalis." 

But  the  question  of  a  "hall"  overshadowed  all  others  at 
this  meeting.  In  consequence  of  an  advertisement  in  the  daily 
papers  a  building  had  been  offered  at  No.  47  North  Calvert 
Street,  owned  by  a  Mr.  C.  Kidder,  "which  could  be  had  by 
transfer  to  the  owner  of  the  stocks  in  full  payment,"  the  value 
of  the  property  being  $3425.  The  property  embraced  a  lot 
twenty-five  feet  front  with  depth  of  one  hundred  feet  to  a  street 
(Davis).  The  building  covered  the  entire  front  and  was  two 
stories  and  attic  in  height  with  a  corresponding  back  building, 
having  in  all  nine  rooms  and  cellars  under  the  whole.  There 
was  a  ground  rent  of  $150  per  annum  redeemable  at  pleasure. 
This  property  and  site  proving  satisfactory  to  the  convention, 
resolutions  were  offered  and  adopted  authorizing  its  purchase 
and  the  transfer  of  the  stocks  owned  by  the  Society  already 
mentioned.  A  committee  was  appointed,  called  the  Committee 
on  Hall,  to  be  elected  annually,  to  have  charge  of  the  building, 
to  rent  out  such  portions  as  were  not  used  by  the  Faculty,  to 
collect  rents,  etc. 


138 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

At  the  convention  of  1858,  held  June  2,  the  former  faithful 
Treasurer,  now  President,  Dr.  Cohen,  "congratulated  the  mem-  1858 
bers  upon  their  assembling  for  the  first  time  since  their  organ- 
ization in  i/pp  in  their  own  hall,  and  under  circumstances  so 
favorable  to  the  future  prosperity  of  the  Faculty."  He  directed 
particular  attention  to  the  report  of  the  Library  Committee  as 
truly  worthy  of  their  earnest  consideration.  He  trusted  that 
the  recommendations  of  that  and  the  Hall  Committee  would 
receive  a  hearty  response  from  the  members.  Although  with- 
drawn from  the  active  duties  of  the  profession,  as  they  were 
aware,  he  begged  to  assure  the  Faculty  that  he  felt  the  deepest 
interest  in  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession  with  which 
he  had  been  connected  now  more  than  a  third  of  a  century,  and 
he  promised  all  the  means  in  his  power  to  further  the  important 
schemes  now  proposed  and  which  he  believed  if  successfully 
carried  out,  as  he  had  no  doubt  could  be,  would  redound 
to  the  best  advantage  of  their  body  and  constitute  a  new  era 
in  the  profession  throughout  the  State. 

The  finances  of  the  Faculty  claimed  the  first  consideration 
of  the  convention,  and  notwithstanding  evidences  of  liberality 
they  were  in  such  a  condition  as  to  create  anxiety  for  the  future. 
The  receipts  for  the  year  had  been  only  $380,  and  this  included 
previous  balance  and  $113  dividends  for  the  past  year  on  the 
stock  transferred  in  the  purchase  of  the  hall,  which  by  agree- 
ment with  the  purchaser  had  been  received;  it  also  embraced 
$105  already  received  for  rent  of  the  hall,  and  $20  from  the 
estate  of  Dr.  W.  R.  Handy,  a  subscription  to  the  "hall  fund." 
The  balance  on  hand  was  $121.30. 

It  will  be  thus  seen  how  small  an  amount  must  have  been 
received  from  new  members.  Up  to  this  time  the  $10  paid 
on  entrance   secured   permanent   m.embership   and  there  were 

139 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

no  annual  dues.  In  consequence  of  the  nearly  exhausted  con- 
1858  dition  of  the  treasury  consequent  on  the  purchase  of  the  hall, 
only  a  sketch  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Frederick  meeting  had 
been  published  and  it  had  been  found  necessary  to  omit  the 
oration  of  Dr.  Waters  and  the  reports  of  Dr.  Donaldson  and 
others.    The  expense  of  the  publication  had  been  $30. 

The  Committee  on  Hall,  under  the  indefatigable  Monmonier, 
had  fully  realized  the  seriousness  of  the  loss  of  income 
sustained  by  the  surrender  of  the  stocks  and  had  determined 
to  solicit  members  for  voluntary  contributions  for  necessary 
alterations  and  furniture.  So  successful  had  they  been  that  they 
were  encouraged  to  attempt  to  raise  a  fund  for  the  purchase  of 
the  ground  rent.  In  this  they  had  met  with  partial  success,  but 
felt  that  they  would  be  completely  successful  when  all  the  mem- 
bers had  been  called  on,  since  there  had  been  very  few  unfavora- 
ble responses.  So  far,  collections  had  been  confined  to  city  mem- 
bers only.  These  had  subscribed  about  $1200,  of  which  $295 
had  been  actually  collected;  $223  of  this  amount  had  already 
been  expended  for  necessary  alterations  and  furniture.  The 
second  story  of  the  back  building  had  been  fitted  up  with  cases 
for  the  library  and  the  same  story  of  the  front  building  had 
been  arranged  for  a  meeting  room.  The  two  rooms  on  the 
first  floor  had  been  rented  to  lodges  for  $160  per  annum.  The 
ball  had  been  rented  to  the  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  for 
its  monthly  meetings  at  $50  and  to  the  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy  for  monthly  meetings  and  winter  session  (com- 
mencing the  ensuing  September)  at  $125  per  annum.  The 
$100  hitherto  paid  the  Mercantile  Library  would  now  remain 
in  the  treasury.  About  one-half  of  the  $2500  needed  to  redeem 
the  ground  rent  had  been  collected.  A  suitable  person  had 
been  placed  in  charge  of  the  premises  who  had  agreed  to  keep 
the  property  clean  and  in  good  order  for  the  use  of  some  vacant 

140 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

rooms.  The  report,  which  is  signed  by  Drs.  Monmonier  and 
Roberts,  concludes  with  the  following  fine  sentiments :  1858 

"In  engaging  in  this  enterprise,  your  committee  conceive 
that  an  important  step  has  now  been  taken  in  the  right  direction 
towards  encouraging  friendly  intercourse,  promoting  a  spirit 
of  harmony  and  good  will  among  the  members,  and  elevating 
and  advancing  a  science  which  has  so  many  devoted  laborers 
in  its  various  branches.  One  step  further  will  carry  it  to  a 
complete  success.  And  there  has  scarcely  been  a  time  when  a 
greater  necessity  existed  for  union  and  harmony  in  a  profession 
surrounded  by  so^  many  responsibilities ;  where  so  much  self- 
devotion,  fidelity  and  zeal,  are  required ;  where  so  many  priva- 
tions and  dangers  are  constantly  encountered  to  dishearten, 
whilst  there  are  so  few  objects  offered  as  incentives  to  stimulate 
and  encourage  to  exertion.  We  should  therefore  neglect 
nothing  to  signalize  our  benevolent  mission.  Indeed,  we  know 
nothing  more  worthy  of  ambition  and  more  ennobling  in  char- 
acter than  being  engaged  in  efforts  to  unite  and  strengthen  the 
bonds  of  brotherhood  lin  a  profession  which  stands  as  a  monu- 
ment of  the  charity  and  self-denial  of  so  many  honored  names." 

The  Library  Committee  (through  Dr.  Miltenberger,  chair- 
man,) reported  that  the  books  had  been  removed  from  the 
Mercantile  Library  to  the  "neat  and  convenient  shelves  in  the 
commodious  and  comfortable  room"  assigned  for  their  accom- 
modation, where,  through  the  generous  assistance  of  Drs.  Mc- 
Kew,  Oilman  and  Morgan,  the  collection  had  been  opened  for 
the  use  of  members  each  Wednesday  from  4  to  6.  Some  of 
the  missing  volumes  had  been  recovered  and  some  valuable 
contributions  had  been  received.  As  no  appropriation  had 
been  made,  the  committee  had  been  unable  to  purchase  any  new 
volumes  or  subscribe  for  any  journals.  The  committee  sug- 
gested that  "the  most  feasible  plan  to  draw  the  profession  into 

141 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Society  appears  to  be  a  return  to  our  old  faith  and  habits 
1858  and  a  firm  resolve  to  render  the  library  sufficiently  valuable  to 
offer  attractions  to  all  our  brother  practitioners.  The  nucleus 
we  now  possess  is  of  exceeding  value.  We  could  not  desire  a 
better  basis  of  standard  and  rare  works  around  which  to  clus- 
ter the  more  modern  offsprings  of  the  profession.  It  would 
require  but  a  comparatively  small  stipend,  wisely  and  carefully 
expended,  to  render  it  attractive  to  all."  *  *  *  "Jn  our 
State,"  continued  the  report,  "neither  diploma,  certificate  from 
this  or  any  other  society,  nor  any  honorable  distinction  is  re- 
quired to  enable  a  man  to  practice  medicine."  Resolutions  to 
open  a  subscription  list,  and  to  appropriate  the  membership 
fees  for  the  ensuing  year  to  the  increase  of  the  library  were 
adopted,  but,  as  will  appear,  the  whole  amount  received  in  these 
ways  during  the  next  year  was  but  $20 ! 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Monmonier,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  investigate  a  charge  against  Dr.  E.  Landis  of  having  a 
patient  to  institute  a  suit  for  malpractice  against  a  professional 
brother. 

The  Committee  on  Conversational  Meetings  reported  a  few 
"social  reunions"  held  the  previous  winter  at  the  houses  of 
members.  They  expressed  their  discouragement  at  the  apathy 
shown  in  a  matter  "so  highly  calculated  to  improve  social  feel- 
ing and  promote  the  end  of  the  organization  of  the  Faculty," 
and  suggested  that  twelve  monthly  meetings  be  arranged  for 
the  next  year,  "with  volunteer  meetings  in  between  when  any- 
one is  disposed  to  invite  the  profession  to  his  house." 

Reports  from  the  standing  committees  were  presented  by 
Dr.  Edward  H.  White  on  Practice,  and  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar 
on  Surgery. 

A  learned  and  scholarly  oration  was  delivered  at  the  hall  on 
the  second  evening  of  the  meeting  by  Prof.   Samuel  Chew, 

142 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

which  was  subsequently  pubHshed.  "This  plain  and  humble 
hall,"  he  says,  "in  which  we  are  now  gathered  together,  will  1858 
probably  be  the  usual,  or  perhaps  the  constant,  place  of  all  our 
future  meetings.  *  *  *  Happy  for  us  if  its  name  be  henceforth 
associated  in  our  minds  with  recollections  of  the  knowledge,  the 
good  sense,  the  urbanity  of  deportment,  and  the  friendly  and 
cordial  feelings  which  should  subsist  among  the  members  of  a 
scientific,  liberal  and  honorable  profession."  Dr.  Chew  evi- 
dently did  not  anticipate  the  collapse  that  was  impending,  and 
of  which  a  forecast  was  given  at  the  close  of  this  meeting — so 
auspiciously  begun — in  the  reported  failure  to  secure  a  quorum. 
Such  was  the  case  at  2  p.  m.  on  Saturday,  June  5.  An  ad- 
journment was  then  taken  to  Monday,  the  7th  at  12  m.,  and 
there  being  again  no  quorum,  the  meeting  was  deferred  till 
evening.  And  so  this  annual  meeting  ended  without  being 
able  to  secure  a  legal  quorum. 


On  June  i,  1859,  six  members  were  present  at  the  appointed 
hour  (including  President  and  Secretary)  to  open  the  meeting. 
The  number  being  insufficient,  an  appointment  was  made 
the  next  day,  when  the  officers  (by  personal  effort)  were  suc- 
cessful in  getting  together  nineteen.  There  had  not  been  a 
single  application  to  either  board,  and  not  a  single  fee  conse- 
quently received  for  membership  since  the  last  annual  meet- 
ing. The  receipts,  therefore,  with  the  exception  of  a  small 
fund  of  $22  subscribed  by  individuals  to  the  library,  had  been 
limited  to  the  rents  from  the  building.  Although  there  was  a 
balance  of  $90.11  in  the  treasury,  more  than  that  amount  would 
shortly  be  due  by  the  Faculty.  Under  these  circumstances  the 
Treasurer,  Dr.  Hintze,  declined  a  renomination  to  office. 

The  Library  Board  reported  that,  notwithstanding  the  library 
had  been  kept  open  regularly  one  or  two  evenings  each  week, 

10  143 


1859 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  efforts  had  been  made  to  render  it  attractive,  there  had 
1859  been  few  visitors.  Twenty-two  subscribers  had  been  obtained 
to  a  special  fund,  but  only  one-half  the  number  had  paid ;  with 
this  small  amount,  several  books  had  been  purchased  and  two 
journals  subscribed  for.  Dr.  Steiner  had  contributed  free  a 
copy  of  the  American  Medical  Monthly,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  editors. 

The  Committee  on  Hall  reported  through  Dr.  Monmonier, 
that  owing  to  the  great  revulsion  in  financial  affairs,  they  had 
desisted  from  efforts  to  raise  money  until  better  times.  A 
circular  sent  to  members  in  the  counties  had  brought  but  a 
small  amount,  whilst  very  few  subscriptions  had  been  added 
in  the  city  and  but  little  addition  made  to  the  former  ones. 
They  added  that  business  seemed  to  be  recovering  from  the 
depression. 

A  committee,  appointed  to  examine  charges  made  against 
Dr.  E.  Landis,  reported  that  he  had  been  "guilty  of  a  grave 
offense  against  medical  ethics  and  one  highly  derogatory  to 
the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession."  The  offense  in  this 
case  seems  to  have  been  inducing  a  patient  to  institute  a  suit 
against  a  professional  brother.  Dr.  H.  Inloes,  for  malpractice. 
After  a  full  discussion  of  the  report,  continued  into  the  next 
day,  and  the  failure  of  motions  to  expel  and  to  postpone  indef- 
initely, the  letters  of  both  parties  were  placed  on  record,  and 
"that  was  considered  sufficient  action  for  the  present." 

Dr.  Samuel  Harper,  of  Easton,  was  dropped  as  censor,  on 
account  of  alleged  union  with  the  homceopathists. 

Dr.  Roberts  offered  two  motions  which  were  both  adopted, 
(i)  to  petition  the  next  Legislature  to  alter  the  quorum;  (2) 
to  appoint  a  committee  to  report  the  causes  and  manner  of 
expulsion  of  members. 

The  following  Executive  Committee  was  elected:  Drs. 
Monmonier,    C.    Johnston,    Miltenberger,    A.    Robinson,    and 

144 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

H.  P.  C.  Wilson.     These  names  are  given  because  upon  this 
committee,  as  will  be  soon  seen,  devolved  the  entire  burden  of       1859 
conducting  the  affairs  of  the  Association  for  some  years. 

The  only  report  from  the  sections  was  one  upon  Obstetrics 
by  Dr.  W.  M.  Kemp.  At  Friday's  session  this  report  was 
appointed  to  be  read  at  12  m.  the  following  day.  At  this  hour 
Dr.  Kemp  began  the  reading  of  his  paper  and  as  he  had  not 
concluded  at  3  p.  m.,  further  reading  was  postponed  until  the 
following  Monday.  The  entry  upon  the  published  minutes  is 
"Monday,  June  6,  no  quorum ;  Tuesday,  June  7,  no  quorum." 

1860-69.  Thus  it  ended.  And  now  when  the  Society  had  at- 
tained the  supreme  object  of  its  wishes  and  aspirations  in  the  1860-69 
possession  of  a  building  of  its  own,  and  when  expectations  of 
activity  and  usefulness  for  a  long  period  were  most  justifiable, 
it  fell  into  a  long  sleep.  For  years,  although  every  effort  was 
made,  no  meeting  was  held,  and  no  Transactions  published. 
During  this  period  of  hibernation,  the  Executive  Committee 
assumed  its  functions,  elected  officers  annually,  reelected  itself 
and  took  care  of  the  property  and  other  interests  of  the  cor- 
poration. To  it  belongs  the  credit  of  preserving  the  Society 
and  making  our  grand  centennial  a  possibility,  for  men's  minds 
were  soon  divided  by  discord  and  civil  war  and  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  if  it  had  failed  to  keep  up  the  organization,  no 
one  would  have  thought  it  worth  while  to  make  the  attempt  to 
revive  a  body  shorn  as  this  had  been  of  its  chief  prerogative 
and  means  of  income.  The  following  resolution,  adopted  April 
16,  1873,  on  motion  of  Dr.  John  F.  Powell,  recognizes  these 
services : 

"Resolved,  That  we  are  profoundly  conscious  of  our  obliga- 
tions to  the  older  members  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  of  Maryland,  who,  by  their  fidelity,  zeal  and  self-sac- 

145 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

rifice,  maintamed  the  vitality  of  the  Association  amid  discour- 

1860-69   agements  which  would  have  daunted  a  less  heroic  and  faithful 

band." 

The  following  additional  particulars  regarding  this  period 

have  been  gathered:  In  i860  the  newspapers  contain  an  adver- 
tisement of  the  annual  convention,  appointed  for  June  19,  and 
of  adjourned  meetings  on  the  twenty-first  and  twenty-second; 
also  of  a  special  session  called  for  November  22.  In  lieu  of 
the  Faculty,  the  Executive  Committee  held  an  annual  meeting 
June  20,  when  a  balance  of  $177.32  was  reported,  the  only 
receipts  being  from  rent  of  hall,  $350.25.  The  Frick  memorial 
meeting  on  March  26  of  the  same  year  was  also  held  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Faculty,  in  whose  name  the  advertisement 
appears  in  the  papers.  The  Executive  Committee  held  an 
annual  meeting  June  5,  1861,  when  there  was  a  balance  on  hand 
of  $38.17;  the  only  receipts  had  been  from  rent  of  hall,  $102.50. 
The  annual  meetings  of  1862  and  1863  are  advertised  in  the 
papers  by  Dr.  Henry  M.  Wilson,  Secretary.  In  1863  there  is 
this  record:  "July  14,  1863,  bought  for  account  of  Dr.  Mon- 
monier.  Treasurer,  $400  City  Baltimore  six  per  cents  of  1890, 
at  106^,  $427,"  and  there  is  a  bill  for  Resolutions  of  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  published  in  the  Sun,  December  31, 
1863.  The  Treasurer,  Dr.  Oilman,  makes  an  annual  report 
June  20,  i860,  in  which  he  says :  "By  untiring  perseverance, 
the  chairman  of  the  Hall  Committee  has  thus  far  kept  the 
treasury  replenished,  and  with  great  economy  in  expenditure 
has  enabled  us  to  close  the  year  with  a  balance  of  $177.32, 
$87.31  more  than  the  previous  year's  balance,  and  this  without 
having  received  a  dollar  during  the  entire  year  as  fees  for 
membership  or  from  any  other  source  than  the  rental  of  the 
hall."  The  total  receipts  were  $430;  amount  received  from 
hall,  $350.25.     Likewise,  June  5,  1861,  Dr.  Oilman  makes  off 

146 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

his  report  for  the  year  from  which  it  appears  that  the  receipts 
had  been  $102.50,  all  being  income  from  the  hall;  expendi-  1860-69 
tures  (including  printing  and  advertising,  $32.62)  $241.65, 
leaving  a  balance  on  hand  of  $38.17.  I  have  it  upon  the  author- 
ity of  an  old  member  who  held  office  during  this  period  that  the 
following  were  among  those  who  showed  most  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  Faculty  at  this  time :  Drs.  Roberts,  Monmonier, 
R.  S.  Steuart,  Chew,  Kinnemon,  Oilman,  H.  M.  Wilson,  Don- 
aldson, Van  Bibber  and  Kemp. 

From  1859  to  1866,  there  was  no  local  society  in  this  city. 
On  the  twenty-sixth  of  February,  1866,  a  number  of  ex-sur- 
geons and  assistant  surgeons  of  United  States  Volunteers, 
residing  in  Baltimore,  met  at  the  office  of  the  Commissioner 
of  Health,  and  formed  the  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  with 
the  Commissioner,  Dr.  Gerard  E.  Morgan,  as  President.  With- 
in two  months  seventy-four  members  had  been  enrolled.  This 
society  enjoyed  a  successful  career  for  many  years,  when  it 
was  merged  with  the  Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Society. 

It  is  not  surprising,  in  view  of  the  absence  of  any  authority, 
to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  and  the  apathy  of  the  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  that  at  this  time  (1867),  when 
everything  was  undergoing  a  revival  and  rejuvenation,  as  a 
result  of  the  close  of  the  civil  war,  the  idea  of  a  change  should 
have  suggested  itself.  This  actually  occurred,  and  it  took  the 
form  not  of  an  upbuilding  of  the  old  Society,  but  of  founding 
an  entirely  new  one,  upon  the  same  lines  as  those  which  had 
been  observed  in  1799.  A  number  of  physicians  took  part  in 
this  movement  and  secured  from  the  Legislature  an  Act  found- 
ing a  society  in  the  State,  with  full  power  of  control  of  medical 
practice.  Organization  was  effected  and  meetings  were  held. 
The  manuscript  minutes  of  "The  Medical  Faculty  of  the  Dis- 
trict  of   Baltimore"   are  preserved   in  our  library.     The   first 

147 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

meeting  of  this,  which  seems  to  have  been  a  branch  of  the 
1860-69  general  or  State  Society,  was  held  on  the  seventh  of  June, 
1867.  Dr.  P.  C.  Williams,  who  had  been  particularly  active 
in  securing  the  passage  of  the  Act,  was  elected  President,  and 
Dr.  Judson  Oilman,  Recording  Secretary.  There  were  217 
members.  I  do  not  know  whether  there  were  other  branches 
or  whether  there  was  any  actual  State  organization.  When  it 
was  discovered  that  the  Act  was  without  an  enacting  clause 
and  hence  invalid,  there  was  an  immediate  collapse.  Thus, 
by  the  mere  accident  of  the  omission  of  a  few  words,  our 
Society  was  again  perhaps  saved  from  destruction. 

Another  society,  founded  in  1867,  was  the  Pathological  (the 
second  of  the  name),  which  continued  with  great  success  about 
five  years. 

About  this  time  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Faculty 
conceived  the  idea  of  disposing  of  the  Calvert  Street  building 
and  moving  elsewhere.  There  were  doubtless  good  reasons 
for  this  decision.  Owing  to  the  conformation  of  the  ground 
in  that  section  of  the  city,  Calvert  Street  had  become  a  great 
thoroughfare,  all  the  traffic  carried  on  between  parts  north  and 
south  of  Saratoga  Street,  or  rather  Fayette  Street,  being  done 
over  it.  Hence  it  was  impossible  to  secure  there  the  quiet 
and  composure  necessary  for  reading,  and  the  conducting  of 
medical  societies  and  courses  of  instruction.  And  so  arose  the 
desire,  it  may  be  the  necessity,  to  seek  some  new  and  retired 
site,  where  the  sources  of  annoyance  and  distraction  would  be 
reduced  to  a  minimum.  In  theory,  this  decision  was  good  but 
in  execution  dangerous,  because  the  value  of  property  depends 
so  largely  upon  its  accessibility  and  adaptability  to  purposes 
of  trade.  The  creation  by  the  Legislature  of  a  new  society  in 
1867,  with  powers  similar  in  scope  to  those  granted  to  the 
Faculty  in  1799,  may  have  stirred  the  latter  at  this  time  to  do 

148 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

something,  or  perhaps  the  failure  of  the  new  movement  may 

have  furnished  the  stimulus.  1860-69 

Accordingly  the  Calvert  Street  house  was  disposed  of  in 
1867,*  and  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  September,  1869,  a  "Pur- 
chasing Committee/'  consisting  of  Drs.  Henry  M.  Wilson,  P. 
S.  Kinnemon,  John  F.  Monmonier  and  John  J.  Cockrill,  bought 
with  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  the  property  No.  60  Courtland 
Street,  23x63  feet,  from  Julia  Baldwin.  The  price  paid  was 
$5700,  $2000  of  this  being  cash  and  the  balance  mortgage. 
This  mortgage  was  paid  off  prior  to  February  28,  1872,  as 
announced  by  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  on 
that  date.  There  was  an  annual  ground  rent  on  the  property 
of  $138. 

The  exercises  connected  with  the  occupation  of  the  Court- 
land  Street  building  were  held  on  the  twenty-seventh,  twenty- 
eighth  and  twenty-ninth  of  October,  1869,  the  Baltimore  Med- 
ical Association  participating.  The  action  of  the  Purchasing 
Committee  was  reported  and  ratified. 

The  Society  now  quickened  into  new  life,  the  members  began 
tto  show  renewed  interest  in  its  affairs  and  there  were  many 
accessions  to  the  roll.  During  the  ensuing  winter  special  meet- 
ings were  held  twice  a  month,  at  which  several  very  instructive 
and  interesting  addresses  were  given.  The  sections  were 
regarded  at  this  time  as  the  most  important  feature  of  the 
organization.  Each  section,  consisting  of  five  members  as  a 
nucleus,  was  expected  to  meet  once  a  month  to  hear  papers 
and  discuss  the  subjects  appropriate  to  its  department. 

1870.     On  the  twentieth  of  January  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar       1870 
became  President  in  succession  to  Dr.  Roberts,  deceased,  who 


*  "November  4,  1867.     Bill  for  commission  on  sale    of  building,  47 
North  Calvert  Street,  Supplee  &  Co.,  $162.50." 

149 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

had  held  the  office  since  the  last  formal  meeting  in  1859.     Two 

1870  meetings  of  the  Faculty  were  held  this  year.  The  annual  meet- 
ing was  convened  at  the  hall  on  Courtland  Street,  on  the  twen- 
tieth and  twenty-first  of  April,  and  Prof.  Nathan  R.  Smith 
was  elected  President.  The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at 
Cumberland  on  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  of  September. 
The  first  day  was  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  papers,  the  sec- 
ond to  an  excursion  to  the  coal  mines.  A  special  car  was  pro- 
vided and  a  most  delightful  morning  was  spent  in  viewing  the 
beautiful  scenery  and  the  operations  of  the  mines.  At  Lona- 
coning  a  bountiful  dinner  was  provided.  The  meeting,  how- 
ever, was  but  meagrely  attended  and  chiefly  by  Baltimore  and 
Cumberland  physicians.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  visitors  had 
a  charming  excursion. 

At  this  time  the  author  of  this  book  was  librarian  for  a  year, 
1870-71,  and  made  off  a  manuscript  catalogue,  according  to 
which  there  were  then  1585  volumes,  bound  and  unbound,  in 
the  collection. 

Lectures  were  delivered  before  the  Society  at  the  hall  in 
January,  February  and  March,  by  Drs.  Garretson,  P.  C.  Wil- 
liams and  Latimer,  respectively. 

1871.     The  annual  meeting  was  held  on  the  fourth  of  April. 

1871  The  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Dr.  Monmonier, 
referred  to  the  embarrassed  state  of  the  treasury.  The  Treas- 
urer's report  was  referred  to  a  special  committee.  The  sections 
were  working  imperfectly,  and  a  resolution  was  adopted  pro- 
viding that  each  chairman  should  report  on  the  progress  in 
his  department  at  both  annual  and  semi-annual  meetings.  The 
Constitution  was  amended  so  as  to  allow  Professor  Smith  to 
be  reelected,  which  was  then  done.     A  supper  was  given  by 

150 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  city  members  in  the  hall  and  a  very  enjoyable  evening 
w^as  spent.  The  papers  read  at  the  meeting  were  of  such  inter-  1871 
est  that  they  were  published  in  the  Baltimore  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Bulletin.  The  annual  oration  was  delivered  by  Dr.  Mon- 
monier.  The  meeting  was  not  attended,  however,  so  well  as 
had  been  hoped  for.  The  condition  of  the  treasury  gave  rise 
to  much  embarrassment  and  anxiety.  The  committee  to  exam- 
ine into  the  Treasurer's  accounts  reported,  through  Dr.  Mon- 
monier,  that  the  same  were  in  so  confused  a  condition  that  it  was 
difficult  to  report  the  exact  state  of  the  finances.  "It  appeared, 
however,  that  enough  funds  would  be  available  to  meet  ex- 
penses, if  the  Faculty  would  authorize  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee to  sell  some  city  stock  in  which  part  of  the  funds  had  been 
temporarily  invested."    No  action  was  taken  upon  this  report. 

A  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  in  the  hall  of  the  House 
of  Delegates  at  Annapolis  November  i,  1871. 


Dr.  J.  R.  Page  was  the  orator  in  1872,  delivering  an  address 
on  "Epidemic  Diseases."  At  the  annual  meeting,  the  propriety 
of  establishing  a  medical  journal  was  discussed  and  met  with 
great  favor ;  it  was  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee,  where 
it  seems  to  have  rested.  Suit  was  brought  against  the  Treas- 
urer, Dr.  Kinnemon,  for  balance  due  the  Society  by  him, 
amounting  to  $207.  It  was  decided  in  favor  of  the  Society 
and  the  money  received  after  levying  upon  the  Doctor's  prop- 
erty. During  the  ensuing  winter  bimonthly  lectures  were  insti- 
tuted and  continued  for  about  two  seasons.  Among  those  who 
delivered  these  lectures  were  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith,  Dr.  Joseph 
Parrish  and  Dr.  O.  J.  Coskery. 

The  Society  was  unable  to  publish  its  proceedings  this  year 
as  was  desired,  or  to  add  any  books  to  the  library  owing  to 
deficiency  of  funds. 

151 


1872 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  meeting'  of  1873  was  held  at  the  hall  on  April  15. 
1873  The  Treasurer,  Dr.  Oilman,  presented  his  report,  which 
gave  great  satisfaction.  The  receipts  for  the  year  had  been 
$380.26,  including  rent  of  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  $125, 
do.  of  Pathological  Society,  $100,  and  dues  of  members,  $52. 
The  expenses  were  ground  rent,  $138,  gas  for  twelve  months 
$26.25,  and  incidentals,  $46.10,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treas- 
ury of  $169.91.  No  new  members  had  been  added  and  there 
had  been  no  additions  to  the  library.  The  amount  in  the  hands 
of  the  Library  Board  was  $60.21.  The  convention  considered 
the  probable  expense  of  printing  250  copies  of  the  Transactions 
of  the  year,  and  a  motion  was  passed  directing  the  resumption 
of  publication  and  appropriating  $100  for  that  purpose,  "such 
tax  to  be  levied  on  the  members  as  should  be  necessary  to  make 
up  any  deficiency." 

Since  this  resumption  the  Transactions  have  been  published 
each  year  up  to  the  present  time,  although  not  of  late  years 
with  the  same  fullness  as  formerly. 

The  congratulations  of  the  convention  were  extended  to  the 
late  President,  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith,  on  his  safe  return  home 
from  Europe  and  a  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  convey 
the  same  to  him.    Professor  Smith's  reply  was  as  follows : 

"To  Drs.  Thos.  R.  Brown,  Samuel  P.  Smith,  H.  M.  Wilson^ 
P.  C.  Williams,  A.  Hartman  and  John  Morris. 
"Gentlemen — It  is  with  the  greatest  pleasure  I  accept  the 
congratulations  of  the  distinguished  body  that  you  represent, 
and  through  none  could  they  come  more  acceptably  than 
through  you.  I  have  had  the  distinguished  honor  to  preside 
over  your  Society,  and  many  of  them  do  me  honor  as  my  pupils. 
If  the  character  and  usefulness  of  the  medical  profession  in 
Maryland  is  at  all  the  result  of  my  precepts  and  example,  then 

152 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

is  my  position  in  relation  to  them  enviable  in  the  highest  degree. 
Please  assure  the  Society  of  my  profound  respect,  and  of  the       1873 
deep  interest  which  I  shall  ever  feel  in  their  welfare,  usefulness 
and  individual  prosperity.  Very  truly  yours, 

"N.  R.  Smith,  M.D." 

Dr.  Thomas  S.  Latimer  delivered  the  annual  oration,  taking 
for  his  subject  "Anaesthetics  in  Midwifery."  The  prosperity 
of  the  Faculty  was  now  certainly  on  the  increase,  yet  it  began 
to  be  apparent  that  a  grievous  mistake  of  judgment  had  been 
made  in  the  selection  of  a  location,  for  on  motion  of  Dr.  John 
Morris,  "a  committee  was  appointed  to  consider  the  propriety 
of  selling  or  exchanging  the  property  of  the  Faculty  and  pro- 
curing other  property  more  centrally  located."  The  situation 
on  the  side  of  a  steep  hill  near  Franklin  Street  rendered  the 
site  inaccessible  and  during  the  winter  months  often  dangerous, 
and  the  attendance  at  the  library  and  meetings  of  the  local 
societies  which  had  joined  the  Faculty  in  occupation,  began 
early  to  fall  off.  A  general  financial  depression  soon  lowered 
the  value  of  real  estate,  so  that  it  was  impossible  to  sell  except 
at  great  sacrifice,  and  a  sale  was  only  effected  after  long  delay, 
at  public  auction,  for  the  insignificant  sum  of  $550. 

A  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  on  the  fifteenth  of  October, 
at  which  a  new  Constitution  was  adopted. 


The  convention  of  1874  was  the  last  held  in  the  Court- 
land  Street  house.  The  Treasurer's  report  showed  receipts 
amounting  to  $936.47  and  expenditures  $712.08,  leaving  a  bal- 
ance on  hand  of  $224.39.  O^  ^^^  receipts  $260  were  from  rent 
of  hall  to  local  societies,  and  $360.26  balance  from  the  previous 
year. 

153 


1874 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  Library  Committee  seems  to  have  been  exceedingly 
1874  derehct  in  its  duties.  Although  it  had  a  balance  in  hand 
of  $60.21,  it  added  no  volumes  to  the  library;  indeed  it 
held  no  meetings.  This  was  strange  as  it  had  been  requested 
by  the  Executive  Committee  to  invest  these  funds  in  the  pur- 
chase of  suitable  works.  As  soon  as  its  apathy  was  made 
known,  the  Executive  Committee  directed  that  it  should  turn 
over  the  funds  it  held  to  the  treasury,  which  was  done. 
Nevertheless  thirty-six  volumes  were  received  by  donation  for 
the  library. 

The  Board  of  Examiners  for  the  Western  Shore  reported 
that  eighteen  members  had  applied  for  membership  and  been 
admitted  during  the  year,  all  being  from  Baltimore. 

Dr.  L.  H.  Steiner  delivered  the  annual  oration  on  "The 
Character  of  the  Model  Physician." 

The  following  resolution,  offered  by  Dr.  Regester,  was 
adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  this  Faculty  endorse  the  ordinance  offered 
by  Dr.  Chancellor,  now  before  the  City  Council  of  Baltimore, 
for  the  registration  of  births  and  deaths,  and  request  the  pas- 
sage of  said  ordinance." 

Prof.  Christopher  Johnston  exhibited  a  new  splint  for 
fractures  of  the  lower  extremity,  invented  by  Dr.  T.  W.  Sim- 
mons, of  Hagerstown,  and  called  the  "suspenso-extensory 
splint."  This  apparatus  was  said  to  combine  the  advantages 
df  N.  R.  Smith's  and  the  Gurdon-Buck  system.  Professor 
Miles  contributed  a  paper  on  the  (then)  recent  investigations 
upon  the  functions  of  the  brain,  of  Jackson,  Ferrier,  Fritsch  and 
Hitzig  and  Nothnagle,  showing  that  the  convolutions  are  not 
for  ideas,  as  had  previously  been  thought,  but  for  movement, 
and  indicating  the  site  of  the  various  centres  of  motion  in  the 
cerebral  cortex.     Dr.  Chancellor  read  a  paper  on  "Reform  in 

154 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  Education,"  in  which  he  urged  that  the  examination 
of  candidates  for  graduation  in  medicine  should  be  taken  from  1874 
the  medical  teachers  and  vested  in  an  independent  Board  of 
Medical  Examiners  appointed  by  the  State  societies,  who 
should  have  no  connection  with  the  business  of  teaching.  A 
number  of  other  reports  and  papers  was  also  read. 

A  special  committee.  Dr.  Morris,  chairman,  appointed  to 
consider  the  feasibility  of  disposing  of  the  Courtland  Street 
property,  and  securing  a  more  convenient  location,  reported  in 
favor  of  sale  or  rent  and  the  renting  of  a  suitable  hall  in  a 
more  central  position,  in  which  all  the  medical  societies  of  the 
city  could  hold  their  meetings.  Thereupon  a  motion  was 
adopted  instructing  the  Executive  Committee  to  inquire  as  to 
the  best  terms  on  which  the  property  could  be  disposed  of,  and 
to  report  the  same  at  a  special  meeting. 

In  accordance  with  this  action,  the  Executive  Committee 
placed  the  building  in  the  hands  of  several  real  estate  brokers, 
for  sale  at  $6500,  with  a  ground  rent  of  $138,  or  for  rent  at 
a  minimum  of  $400  per  annum.  Within  a  week,  no  offer  for 
sale  being  made,  the  building  was  rented  at  the  latter  figure, 
and  a  month  later  a  hall  on  the  second  floor,  West  Fayette 
Street,  north  side,  a  few  doors  west  of  Park  Avenue,  was 
rented  at  $130  per  annum.  Thither  the  shelving  and  books 
were  removed,  and  the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the  following 
fall  was  held  there. 


At  the  annual  meeting  of  1875  the  increase  of  the  annual 
dues  and  fees  of  members  showed  the  increase  of  prosperity 
over  former  years.  The  amount  from  these  sources  alone 
was  $471.60.  The  total  receipts  were  $1204.74;  expenses 
$995.77,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $208.97.     There 

155 


1875 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

had  been  added  to  the  membership  thirty-seven  names,  all 
1875      from  the  Western  Shore,  and  all  except  four  from  Baltimore. 

A  long  report  was  presented  by  the  Library  Board,  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Jones,  chairman.  At  the  semi-annual  meeting  the 
Faculty  had  asked  the  Board  to  suggest  a  plan  for  the  resusci- 
tation of  the  library,  "so  that  members  might  have  access  to 
new  books  and  recent  journals."  The  committee  accordingly 
suggested  that  a  more  suitable  room  should  be  secured  and 
properly  furnished;  that  a  library  fund  should  be  instituted 
for  the  voluntary  contributions  of  members ;  that  a  monthly 
medical  journal  should  be  established  by  which  medical  jour- 
nals and  books  could  be  received  free  of  cost,  and  that  the 
services  of  a  youth  should  be  secured  as  librarian.  These  sug- 
gestions were  referred  to  a  joint  committee,  consisting  of  the 
Executive  Committee  and  Library  Board,  whose  report  will 
be  referred  to  later.  The  condition  of  the  library  according 
to  this  report  was  very  bad  indeed.  The  books  were  ancient 
and  mostly  unsuited  for  physicians,  not  a  single  one  of  whom 
had  visited  the  room  where  the  1400  volumes  had  lain  undis- 
turbed during  the  year;  the  room  itself  was  utterly  unfit  for 
the  purpose,  being  inconvenient,  uncomfortable,  inaccessible, 
small  and  badly  ventilated.  In  fine,  in  its  present  condition  the 
collection  was  of  no  practical  use  or  benefit.  These  expres- 
sions seem  to  have  been  great  exaggerations  and  the  number 
of  volumes  must  have  been  underestimated,  as,  as  far  back  as 
1855,  there  were  1250  and  at  the  very  next  annual  meeting 
the  Treasurer  reported  "nearly  2000  volumes."  The  Cur- 
ator, too,  reported  the  "library  well  preserved  and  available." 

There  was  "a  Special  Committee  on  Medical  Education," 
whose  report  was  not  on  hand  when  called  for. 

A  number  of  reports  and  papers  was  presented,  one  of  the 
most  elaborate  being  Dr.  William  T.  Howard's  on  Obstetrics 

156 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Gynaecology.  In  this,  Dr.  Howard  described  a  new  bi- 
valvular  vaginal  speculum  of  his  own  invention.  1875 

In  the  report  on  Surgery,  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Brown  says  of 
Listerism:  ^The  system  is  still  in  its  infancy  in  this  country 
and  nowhere  does  it  seem  to  be  regarded  with  favor,  and  as 
possessing  practical  utility." 

Dr.  Samuel  Theobald  read  a  paper  on  "Tinnitus  Aurium," 
which  he  maintained  to  be  due  to  an  excitation  of  the  terminal 
or  percipient  elements  of  the  auditory  nerve. 

The  oration  was  pronounced  by  Dr.  Joseph  M.  Toner,  of 
Washington,  D.  C,  whose  subject  was,  "A  Contribution  to 
the  Medical  History  and  Physical  Geography  of  Maryland." 

In  connection  with  this  meeting,  the  election  of  Dr.  John  F. 
Monmonier,  the  faithful  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee 
for  so  many  years,  to  the  presidential  chair,  seems  to  have  been 
peculiarly  appropriate,  as  a  recognition  of  his  invaluable  ser- 
vices in  the  most  im^portant  position  in  the  Faculty. 


1876.  The  Treasurer's  report  showed  receipts  $1060.87,  ^^^ 
disbursements  $981.64.  The  assets  were  estimated  at  $10,- 
986.73,  the  Courtland  Street  house  being  valued  at  $5700,  and 
the  library  and  fixtures  at  $5000.  These  estimates  were  evi- 
dently too  liberal.  "The  library  is  still  stored  in  a  small  room 
and  is  useless  to  the  Faculty."  There  had  been  no  donations 
to  it  during  the  year. 

Considerable  attention  was  given  to  the  report  of  the  joint 
committee,  to  whom  had  been  referred  the  report  made  by  the 
Library  Board  at  the  previous  annual  meeting.  Quoting  the 
statement  of  the  latter,  "the  library 'as  it  now  exists  is  of  no 
practical  utility  or  benefit  and  not  a  single  physician  has  within 
the  past  year  availed  himself  of  the  privilege  of  membership 
and  the  1400  volumes  have  been  quietly  let  alone,"  the  joint 

157 


1876 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

committee  says :  "With  equal  truth  could  similar  language  be 
1876  used  by  the  same  board  for  this  year,  and  it  seems  fitting  that 
your  committee  should  first  of  all  discover  the  cause  of  this 
unprofitable  condition  of  affairs.  This  has  been  easily  done. 
A  moment's  examination  of  the  very  complete  catalogue  of 
our  library  demonstrates  the  fact  of  the  unsuitable  character 
of  the  books,  for  while  to  the  medical  historian  and  bibliograph- 
er a  rich  field  is  afforded,  the  wants  of  the  profession  of  to-day 
are  most  inadequately  supplied.  Practically,  the  medical  stu- 
dent with  his  text-books,  the  physician  whose  shelves  hold  a 
half-dozen  volumes  of  current  medical  literature,  could  derive 
no  benefit  from  the  privileges  of  the  library  of  this  Faculty." 
Nevertheless  ''the  library  contains  much  that  is  valuable,"  and  an 
advantageous  offer  for  the  purchase  of  over  one  hundred  of  the 
books  had  been  made  by  Dr.  Billings,  on  behalf  of  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Department  of  the  United  States  Army.  The  joint 
committee  recommends  the  disposal  by  sale  of  the  library  "as  at 
present  constituted,"  and  the  formation  of  a  library  consisting 
of  medical  journals,  hospital  reports,  and  society  transactions. 
"The  necessity  of  such  a  library  is  self-evident."  With  regard 
to  a  medical  journal,  the  committee  "did  not  approve  the  plan 
through  which  the  journal  would  become  the  property  of  the 
Faculty;  for,  apart  from  other  considerations,  it  could  hardly 
be  expected  that  any  members  would  be  willing  to  assume  its 
editorial  management  subject  to  the  censorship  of  the  Faculty 
or  to  the  risks  of  removal  at  the  annual  meetings."  For  the 
extra  expense  entailed  by  this  proposal,  an  increased  annual 
tax  upon  the  members  from  $2  (then  paid  by  about  125  mem- 
bers) to  $6,  was  recommended.  It  was  thought  that  an  in- 
crease of  membership  would  follow  the  adoption  of  the  pro- 
posed plan  and  also  that  contributions  would  be  made  by  the 
more  wealthy  members. 

158 


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MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  accordance  with  the  suggestions  of  the  joint  committee 
the  Executive  Committee  was  directed  to  lease  one  or  more  1876 
rooms,  the  same  to  be  under  control  of  the  Library  Committee ; 
$450  were  appropriated  to  the  Library  Board  and  a  special 
assessment  of  $4  was  made  upon  each  member  of  the  Faculty. 
And  notice  was  given  by  Dr.  Williams,  of  the  joint  committee, 
of  a  proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution,  making  the 
dues  of  city  members  $6  and  of  country  members  $3. 

At  this  meeting  a  new  fee  table  was  adopted,  and  eleven  new 
members  were  added,  all  being  from  Baltimore.  Prof.  Roberts 
Bartholow,  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  delivered  the 
annual  oration  on  "The  Degree  of  Certainty  in  Therapeutics." 
Professor  Bartholow  was  a  profound  believer  in  the  efficacy 
of  drugs.  With  him  ignorance  was  the  parent  of  doubt  and 
the  antidote  to  skepticism  was  knowledge.  With  Cabanis  he 
held  that  "he  who  despises  his  art  can  never  become  a  great 
artist.  Good  practitioners  are  always  found  to  be  men  enter- 
taining the  greatest  confidence  in  the  powers  of  medicines." 
The  remarkable  success  of  great  physicians  is  due  chiefly  to 
skill  in  the  application  of  remedial  measures.  Nay,  more; 
unbelief  he  held  to  be  a  crime  in  those  who  pretend  to 
be  physicians.  To  deal  out  drugs  without  confidence  in  their 
utility  is  to  practice  a  fraud  on  our  patients,  is  an  offense  against 
humanity  and  a  continual  degradation  of  our  moral  sense. 

In  the  report  on  Surgery  by  Professor  Johnston,  a  case  of 
transfusion  and  a  transfusion  apparatus  devised  by  Dr.  Don- 
aldson are  noticed ;  also  "the  anterior  extension  splint,"  a  modi- 
fication of  Smith's  anterior  splint,  invented  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Porter, 
of  Lonaconing,  Md.  A  few  pages  further  on,  in  the  same 
report,  Dr.  Coskery's  modification  of  Smith's  splint  is  de- 
scribed and  illustrated.  In  the  report  on  Obstetrics  and 
Gynaecology,  Dr.   Erich  describes   his   "Figure-of -Eight   Pes- 

"  159 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sary."     Dr.  Donaldson  contributes  a  paper  on  "Thirty-seven 
1876      Operations  of  Thoracocentesis  by  Pneumatic  Aspiration." 

We  learn  from  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee,  that 
owing  to  the  constant  and  regular  sessions  of  the  several  city 
medical  societies,  it  had  omitted  the  usual  course  of  lec- 
tures the  previous  winter. 

1877.  The  Treasurer  reported  that  the  property  on  Court- 
IS"^"^  land  Street  had  been  assessed  under  the  new  tax  law  for 
$10,854.12  ( !),  viz:  $8000  on  house  and  $2854.12  on  ground. 
Considering  this  amount  too  high,  appeal  had  been  made  to 
the  Board  of  Control  Review  for  relief.  Whatever  the  abate- 
ment, the  house  being  very  much  out  of  repair  would  be  an 
expense  rather  than  a  source  of  revenue  to  the  Faculty  and 
ihe  therefore  urged  that  it  should  be  disposed  of  even  though 
at  a  sacrifice.  It  had  been  rented  during  the  year  "for  the 
mere  nominal  sum  of  $25  per  month."  The  receipts  had  been 
$1450.60;  the  disbursements  $1414.39. 

Thanks  to  the  resolutions  adopted  at  the  last  annual  meeting, 
the  library  had  been  formally  opened  on  the  evening  of  the 
twenty-second  of  August,  1876,  two  adjoining  rooms  in  the 
second  story  of  the  building  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Park 
and  Fayette  Streets  having  been  rented  for  its  use  at  an  expense 
of  $30  per  month,  including  light,  fuel  and  attendance.  There 
was  a  large  attendance  on  the  occasion,  showing  a  general 
interest  in  the  success  of  the  enterprise.  To  furnish  suitable 
accommodations  for  the  societies  which  should  occupy  them, 
and  for  those  who  might  visit  the  library,  two  dozen  armchairs 
had  been  purchased  at  an  expense  of  $42.  "To  the  very  valua- 
ble medical  literature  which  has  long  been  in  the  possession  of 
the  Faculty  there  have  been  added  by  the  Library  Board  many 
foreign  and  domestic  journals,  hospital   reports   and   society 

160 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

transactions."  Dr.  J.  Shelton  Hill  had  been  appointed  libra- 
rian and  attended  daily  from  3  to  6  o'clock,  when  members  had  1877 
the  privilege  of  removing  books.  The  rooms  were  open 
to  members  from  11  a.  m.  to  11  p.  m.  Of  the  $450  appropriated 
to  the  Library  Board,  $326.54  had  been  expended.  There  were 
1863  bound  and  512  unbound  volumes  on  the  shelves.  "A  large 
number  of  these  books  are  scarce  and  valuable,  rendered  so  in 
part  by  their  antiquity.  By  far  the  larger  number  of  these 
volumes  were  individual  contributions,  many  of  them  bearing 
the  autographs  of  distinguished  men  in  our  profession  whose 
memory  we  should  never  cease  to  revere."  Thanks,  Mr.  Chair- 
man, for  your  returning  appreciation  of  these  treasures!  The 
collection  had  been  enriched  during  the  year  by  valuable  dona- 
tions, including  871  volumes  added  within  the  previous  seven 
months.  Dr.  John  R.  Quinan  alone  had  given  one  hundred 
volumes  and  Dr.  Caldwell  had  presented  sixty-two  portraits 
of  eminent  physicians.  Twenty-four  journals,  foreign  and 
domestic,  had  been  subscribed  for,  the  latter  "constituting  a 
new  feature  of  the  library."  This  statement  was  incorrect 
as  these  annals  will  show.  A  catalogue  was  in  preparation. 
The  patronage  had  been  moderately  good.  The  sale  of  books 
previously  suggested  had  not  been  effected,  nor  had  the  authori- 
ties of  the  Surgeon-General's  Library  been  allowed  to  help 
themselves  to  what  they  wanted  on  its  shelves.  "There  is  now 
no  practical  obstacle,"  says  the  Executive  Committee,  "to  the 
members  of  the  profession  of  every  taste  enjoying  all  the  advan- 
tages of  a  suitable  library."  The  two  societies  (the  Baltimore 
Medical  Association  and  the  Clinical  Society)  had  again 
followed  the  Faculty,  and  contributed  by  their  rent  to  meeting 
the  increased  expenses  devolving  upon  the  latter  by  the  changes 
above  mentioned. 

161 


MEiDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  Board  of  Examiners  reported  the  names  of  thirty-three 
1877      candidates  for  membership  who  were  duly  elected. 

The  annual  oration  on  "Some  Extremes  in  Therapeutics" 
was  delivered  in  the  Concert  Hall  of  the  Academy  of  Music, 
which  had  been  engaged  for  the  meeting,  by  Dr.  S.  Weir 
Mitchell,  of  Philadelphia.  After  a  most  able  address.  Dr. 
Mitchell  congratulated  his  hearers  on  the  opportunities  at  their 
disposal  through  the  noble  laboratories  provided  by  the  wise 
generosity  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Trustees.  He  concludes  with 
this  fine  tribute :  "I  assure  you  that  as  I  walked  through  these 
laboratories  and  saw  with  what  splendid  hospitality  and  to 
what  opportunities  you  invite  the  young  and  eager  investigator, 
I  had  but  two  regrets — ^that  I  am  not  twenty-one  and  that  I 
was  not  born  in  Baltimore." 

The  presidential  address  of  Professor  Johnston  was  of  more 
than  usual  interest  and  dealt  with,  first,  the  question  of  the 
sacredness  of  confidential  communications  before  the  courts ; 
second,  the  position  of  the  medical  expert  when  subpoenaed  to 
appear  in  court  and  testify ;  third,  the  necessity  for  a  medical 
register  for  the  city  and  State;  fourth,  the  establishment  of  a 
section  of  medical  microscopy.  These  suggestions  were  refer- 
red to  a  special  committee  to  report  on. 

We  learn  from  the  report  of  the  Section  on  Surgery  that  anti- 
septic surgery  was  not  yet  accepted  in  Baltimore  and  that  our 
surgeons  were  still  skeptical  of  its  results,  although  it  had  met 
with  "unqualified  approval  and  general  acceptance"  elsewhere. 
Professor  Tififany  described  and  gave  an  illustration  of  a  dilator 
for  rectal  stricture  invented  by  him. 

Several  valuable  reports  and  papers  followed,  among  which 
may  without  invidiousness  be  named  one  with  the  title  "The 
Use  of  Large  Probes  in  the  Treatment  of  Strictures  of  the 
Nasal  Duct,"  by  Dr.  S.  Theobald,  as  particularly  striking. 

162 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1878.  The  report  of  the  Treasurer  (this  may  be  supposed 
always  to  come  first  in  importance)  shows  how  closely  to  its  1878 
income  the  Faculty  was  living  at  this  time,  the  receipts  for 
the  year  being  $1418.39,  and  expenditures  $1417.48,  leaving 
a  balance  on  hand  of  but  91  cents.  The  Courtland  Street  house 
was  becoming  a  burden,  the  ground,  taxes  and  repairs  amount- 
ing to  $339.  All  efforts  to  sell  it,  even  with  the  help  of  five 
property  agents,  had  failed  completely,  not  a  bid  being  made 
for  it.  It  was  represented  as  being  in  wretched  condition,  so 
that  if  not  soon  sold  it  would  require  an  expenditure  of  at  least 
$500  to  render  it  habitable.     Something  must  soon  be  done. 

The  landlady  had  demanded  an  increased  rent  for  the  hall, 
which  now  cost  $400  per  annum.  The  Academy  of  Medicine 
had  become  a  tenant  of  the  hall  the  previous  year,  and  the  Rush 
Medical  Club  had  also  occupied  it  during  the  session  of  the 
University.  For  the  first  time  in  many  years  applications  for 
membership  had  been  received  and  passed  upon  by  the  Eastern 
Shore  Board.  Altogether,  twenty-four  new  active  members 
were  added  at  this  meeting.  Mention  of  honorary  members  is 
made  at  this  time,  the  honor  being  conferred  upon  Dr.  Joseph 
M.  Toner,  Prof.  Roberts  Bartholow  and  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell, 
recent  orators. 

The  Curator  reports  that  "the  preparations  left  to  the  Faculty 
by  Dr.  Roberts  are  well  cared  for  and  in  good  condition."  The 
Special  Committee  on  Suggestions  made  in  Dr.  Johnston's 
presidential  address  the  year  before,  reported  that  a  bill  had 
been  prepared  forbidding  the  disclosure  of  information  obtained 
by  physicians  from  patients  during  professional  intercourse, 
which  bill  had  passed  the  Senate,  but  failed  in  the  House.  A 
Medical  Register  had  been  published  in  accordance  with  the 
suggestion  as  a  private  enterprise  the  previous  February. 

163 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  condition  of  the  hbrary  was  very  encoura,£^ing.  Forty- 
1878  one  journals  were  now  spread  on  the  tables,  "offering  a  privi- 
leg-e  not  equaled  in  the  annals  of  this  time-honored  Associa- 
tion." The  catalogue  was  completed  and  in  MS.  ready  for 
printing  when  the  funds  permitted.  It  was  an  "author's  cata- 
logue" only.  One  hundred  and  twenty-three  volumes  had  been 
donated,  making  the  total  number  3010,  viz :  2302  bound  and 
708  unbound.  Owing  to  the  want  of  funds  (only  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  appropriation  having  been  received  from  the 
Treasurer)  no-  new  books  had  been  added,  except  the  Transac- . 
tions  of  the  International  Medical  Congress.  The  Transac- 
tions of  thirty  State  Medical  Associations  were  now  received  in 
exchange.  During  the  year  more  books  and  journals  had  been 
received  than  could  be  shelved,  and  the  room  in  which  meetings 
were  held  was  so  overcrowded  that  more  space  was  impera- 
tively demanded,  and  the  committee  urgently  recommended  the 
procuring  of  larger  quarters.  On  their  recommendation,  one- 
half  of  the  membership  fees  and  dues  for  the  coming  year  were 
appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  library. 

The  annual  oration  was  pronounced  by  Prof.  Ira  Remsen, 
of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  on  "Chemistry  in  its  Relations 
to  Medicine." 

Among  the  reports  of  sections  arresting  our  attention  is  one 
embodying  fifty-two  successful  cases  of  lithotomy  by  Dr.  Alan 
P.  Smith.  Dr.  Smith  attributed  his  success  to  the  use  of  the 
lithotome  of  his  father,  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith;  an  illustration  of 
this  instrument  is  given  in  the  paper.  The  most  remarkable  case 
of  the  series  occurred  in  a  middle-aged  man,  who  exhibited  the 
strange  deformity  of  two  penises  and  two  bladders,  the  calculus 
occupying  the  left.  The  patient  could  pass  his  urine  from 
either  bladder  at  pleasure.  A  case  in  every  particular  similar 
to  this  (but  not  the  same)  is  reported  in  Van  Buren  &  Keyes' 

164 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

work  on  the  genito-urinary  organs.  At  the  same  meeting  Dr. 
Erich  reported  a  case  of  double  vagina.  Dr.  Thos.  R.  Brown  1878 
read  an  interesting  paper  on  "Urethral  Stricture,"  and  Dr. 
Tiffany  reported  a  successful  case  of  "Removal  of  Naso-Phar- 
yngeal  Polypus  by  Temporary  Depression  of  Both  Upper 
Jaws,"  which  was  performed  by  tracheotomy,  to  which  he 
attributed  his  success.  (Dr.  B.  B.  Browne  characterized  this 
operation  as  "the  most  difficult  and  heroic  in  the  annals  of 
surgery" — Transactions,  1881.)  The  Transactions  of  this 
year  contain  a  handsome  heliotype  portrait  of  the  late  Prof. 
N.  R.  Smith. 


1879.  '^he  Corresponding  Secretary  reported  that  two 
county  societies,  in  Kent  and  Queen  Anne  Counties,  respec- 
tively, had  been  organized  during  the  year  and  several  others 
were  in  contemplation. 

The  receipts  by  the  Treasurer  had  been  $1635.91,  and  dis- 
bursements $1632.49,  leaving  a  balance  on  hand  of  $3.42.  So 
pressing  had  been  the  financial  stress  (the  Courtland  Street 
house  being  vacant  for  six  months)  that  the  Treasurer  had  had 
to  borrow,  in  the  name  of  the  Faculty,  $200. 

The  rooms  on  the  corner  of  Fayette  Street  and  Park  Avenue 
had  proven  too  small  "to  accommodate  the  very  valuable 
library,  and  display  periodical  literature,"  and  for  the  meetings 
of  the  renting  societies,  and  so  on  the  first  of  June,  1878,  the 
large,  "well-lighted,  neatly  furnished  and  easily  accessible"  hall, 
at  No.  122  West  Fayette  Street  (south  side),  just  opposite, 
where  the  annual  meetings  had  been  several  times  held,  was 
leased  at  $450,  including  heat,  light,  furniture,  gas  and  janitor's 
services.  The  three  local  societies  agreed  to  sub-rent  the  same 
at  $100  each  per  annum.  To  avoid  the  necessity  of  again  hav- 
ing to  borrow   money,    an   amendment  was   proposed  to  the 

165 


1879 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Constitution,  requiring  each  applicant  for  membership  to  de- 
1879  posit  with  his  application  $io,  which  included  the  admission  and 
membership  fee  for  the  first  year.  This  amendment  was 
adopted  at  the  next  annual  meeting. 

A  double  card  catalogue  of  the  library,  one  of  authors  and 
one  of  subjects,  had  been  made  and  placed  in  a  suitable  cabinet, 
greatly  facilitating  reference  to  the  books.  It  was  with  some 
pride  that  the  Library  Committee  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  ninety-six  members  had  been  enrolled  since  the  journal 
feature  had  been  inaugurated.  The  number  of  bound  volumes 
was  now  2174.  Only  two  or  three  new  volumes  had  been 
added.  The  library  was  open  daily  from  10  to  6.  Thirty-nine 
members  had  been  admitted  during  the  year,  including  five 
honorary  members,  viz :  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  U.  S.  A.,  Dr. 
J.  J.  Woodward,  U.  S.  A.;  Dr.  J.  M.  Woodworth,  Surgeon- 
General  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  Service ;  Dr.  J.  J.  Moorman,  of 
Virginia,  and  Dr.  Thomas  J.  Dunott,  of  Pennsylvania.  To 
these  was  added  Dr.  Stanford  E.  Chaille,  of  New  Orleans. 

Dr.  Samuel  P.  Smith,  the  President,  was  unable  to  attend  the 
meeting;  in  consequence.  Dr.  James  Carey  Thomas,  the  First 
Vice-President,  presided  at  the  daily  sessions.  Owing  to  the 
death  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Woodworth,  who  had  been  selected  to  deliver 
the  annual  oration,  the  latter  was  delivered  by  Prof.  H.  Newell 
Martin,  M.A.,  D.S.,  M.B.,  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  at 
Hopkins  Hall,  his  subject  being  "The  Physiology  of  Secre- 
tion." This  paper,  like  all  this  gifted  biologist  did  during 
the  too  few  years  of  work  allotted  to  him  here,  was  a  pro- 
found disquisition  upon  this  subject,  of  which  he  if  any  one 
ever  was  master.  This  is  one  of  the  statements  of  his  mem- 
orable paper.  Speaking  of  the  fanatical  attacks  upon  biological 
science,  and  the  legislation  to  which  they  had  led  in  Great 
Britain,  he  says :    These  things  "must  tend  to  make  English- 

166 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Speaking  physiology  find  its  future  home  and  centre  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic."  Among  other  contributions  was  one  on  1879 
"The  Thermantidote,  an  Instrument  for  Preventing  the  Evil 
Effects  of  Heat  from  Paquelin's  Thermo-Cautery  when  Oper- 
ating in  Deep  Cavities,"  with  illustration,  by  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wil- 
son, and  a  series  of  papers  on  Psychology,  by  Drs.  J.  S. 
(Conrad,  I.  D.  Thomson  and  Gustave  Liebmann. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  October  14,  for  the  consideration 
of  ethical  and  business  matters.  At  this,  seven  new  members 
were  elected. 


1880.  There  was  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $18.37.  The 
Courtland  Street  house — vacant  during  the  summer — was  found 
to  be  so  dilapidated  that,  to  make  it  habitable,  $137.87  had  had 
to  be  expended  on  it  in  the  fall,  after  which  it  was  rented  for 
$20  per  month.  The  total  expenses  of  the  property  during  the 
year  had  exceeded  the  revenue  by  $100.  A  gain  had  been 
effected,  however,  by  a  decision  of  the  Appeal  Tax  Court  doing 
away  with  the  taxes.  The  members  of  the  Faculty,  however, 
became  now  convinced  that  they  could  not  longer  afford  this 
increasing  drain  upon  their  resources,  and  therefore  ordered 
the  Executive  Committee  to  sell  the  property  "on  the  best 
terms  possible."  This  was  effected  in  the  following  July,  the 
net  amount  received  being  $503.50,  a  loss  below  actual  cost  of 
$5196.50. 

There  were  2224  books  in  the  library,  and  the  journals  were 
being  regularly  bound.  No  new  books  have  been  purchased, 
but  there  had  been  a  number  of  donations. 

Five  names  were  added  to  the  membership  at  this  meeting, 
which  was  held  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  generously 
tendered  for  the  occasion.  The  President,  Dr.  S.  C.  Chew, 
delivered    an    address,    entitled    "Medicine    in    the    Past    and 

167 


1880 


MEiDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Future,"  and  the  annual  oration  was  delivered  by  Prof.  John 
1880  W.  Mallet,  M.D.,  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  on  "The  Claims 
of  Science  for  its  Own  Sake  upon  the  M'edical  Profession." 
These  addresses,  by  these  two  distinguished  scholars,  are  elo- 
quent examples  of  literary  effort,  and  signalize  this  meeting 
in  an  especial  manner  by  their  excellence.  Among  the  inter- 
esting papers  read  may  be  mentioned  one  on  the  "Sphygmo- 
graph,"  by  Dr.  Arnold,  and  another  on  "The  Use  of  Caustics 
in  Dermatological  Practice,"  by  Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson.  Dr.  Cos- 
kery  exhibited  a  modification  of  Croft's  splint  for  fractures 
of  long  bones,  and  Dr.  Tiffany  commended  the  advantages  of 
a  preliminary  tracheotomy  with  Paquelin's  thermo-cautery  in 
excision  of  the  upper  jaw.  In  the  report  of  the  Section  on 
Surgery,  mention  is  made  of  two  recent  cases  of  suit  for  mal- 
practice against  Drs.  Walls  and  Reuling,  damages  of  $10,000 
and  $20,000,  respectively,  being  claimed.  Both  defendants 
were  acquitted  of  the  charge. 

Mention  may  be  made  of  a  report  by  a  committee  appointed 
to  procure  an  amendment  to  the  law  providing  for  the  registra- 
tion of  statistics  in  the  State.  A  draught  of  a  bill  was  framed 
and  duly  brought  before  the  House  of  Delegates,  where  it  was 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means.  It  then  dis- 
appeared, and  was  said  to  have  been  stolen  from  the  desk  of  the 
secretary  of  the  committee.  A  second  bill  was  procured  by 
telegraph  and  placed  with  the  committee,  who  afterwards 
reported  unfavorably  upon  it.  The  reason  for  this  was  found 
to  be  that  it  contained  a  clause  taking  from  a  public  official  of 
the  Senate  a  salary  of  $1000,  which  he  had  been  receiving  for 
not  doing  this  very  work. 

Ethical  matters  demanded  much  attention,  absorbing  con- 
siderable time,  not  only  at  the  annual  meeting,  but  requiring 
also  special   meetings   for   their   consideration.     Allusion  has 

168 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

already  been  made  to  a  suit  for  malpractice  brought  against  a 
prominent  specialist,  and  which  was  decided  in  his  favor.  This  1880 
gentleman  conceived  the  idea  that  a  brother  practitioner  fol- 
lowing the  same  specialty  had  encouraged  the  suit  against 
him  and  had  testified  in  the  trial  "contrary  to  all  scientific  expe- 
rience and  solely  for  the  purpose  of  prejudicing  his  case." 
The  Committee  on  Ethics,  after  careful  consideration,  found 
these  charges  untrue,  the  evidence  showing,  on  the  contrary, 
that  the  physician  accused  had  advised  the  patients  and  their 
counsel  not  to  bring  the  suit.  The  first  specialist,  therefore, 
tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  not  accepted.  The  bad 
feeling  continued,  and  in  July  the  second  specialist  felt  con- 
strained to  bring  charges  of  unprofessional  conduct  against  the 
first.  After  examination  by  the  committee,  these  came  up  for 
consideration  before  the  Faculty  at  a  meeting  held  on  the 
twenty-fourth  of  September.  Further  action  in  the  case  was 
then  cut  short  by  the  production  of  an  opinion  from  Col. 
Charles  Marshall,  sustaining  the  validity  of  the  defendant's 
resignation,  which  placed  him  beyond  the  control  of  the 
Faculty.  "After  prolonged  discussion  the  resignation  was 
taken  from  the  table  and  accepted."  It  was  realized  from  this 
case  that  there  was  need  for  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
in  reference  to  the  right  of  members  to  resign  their  member- 
ship, and  Dr.  James  Carey  Thomas  gave  notice  of  such  an 
amendment  at  the  next  meeting. 

Another  question  which  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Ethical 
Committee  was  that  of  fees  for  professional  services  rendered 
to  corporations.  This  was  brought  up  by  Dr.  J.  Shelton  Hill, 
in  connection  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Relief  Association. 
After  full  discussion,  the  following  resolution  was  adopted, 
which,  in  view  of  the  sentiment  of  the  Faculty  therein 
expressed,  is  worthy  of  repetition : 

169 


MEDICAL  AfND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"Resolved,  That  the  members  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
1880  Faculty  of  Maryland,  without  a  violation  of  their  obligations  to 
this  Faculty,  cannot  enter  into  a  contract  to  render  professional 
services  to  the  members  of  the  Relief  Association  of  the  B.  & 
O.  R.  R.  upon  any  terms  at  variance  with  the  Fee  Table  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland." 

The  one  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of 
Baltimore  was  celebrated  in  October,  1880.  The  exercises  were 
of  the  most  elaborate  character,  and  lasted  several  days.  A 
special  celebration  of  the  occasion  was  held  by  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  on  one  of  these  days,  October  13.  The 
President,  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson,  called  the  meeting  to  order 
at  8.30  p.  m.,  in  the  hall  of  the  Society,  at  122  West  Fayette 
Street.  After  prayer  by  Rev.  Dr.  Leyburn,  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  Church,  the  President  delivered  a  brief  address.  This 
was  followed  by  papers  prepared  for  the  evening  by  Dr.  B. 
Bernard  Browne,  on  the  "Surgeons  of  Baltimore  and  their 
Achievements;"  by  Dr.  G.  Lane  Taneyhill,  on  the  "Medical 
Societies  of  Baltimore;"  by  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Ashby,  on  the 
"Medical  Journals  of  Baltimore ;"  by  Dr.  Eugene  F.  Cordell,  on 
the  "Medical  Schools  of  Baltimore."  Dr.  John  R.  Quinan 
had  been  appointed  to  read  a  fifth  paper,  on  the  "Physicians  of 
Baltimore  and  What  They  Have  Done,"  but  was  not  prepared, 
and  asked  that  further  time  be  granted,  which  was  done.  Dr. 
Quinan  continued  his  researches  until  1884,  when  they  had 
reached  such  proportions  that  they  were  published  in  a  separate 
volume,  "The  Medical  Annals  of  Baltimore."  Dr.  Joseph  M. 
Toner,  of  Washington,  honorary  member,  read  some  notes  on 
the  "Medical  Writings  of  the  Physicians  of  Baltimore"  A  vote 
of  thanks  was  tendered  the  gentlemen  who  had  read  papers, 
and  the  same  were  published  in  the  Transactions  of  1881. 

170 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1 88 1.  At  the  calling  of  the  roll  105  members  answered  to 
their  names.  The  Treasurer's  report  showed  receipts  of  1881 
$1854.84  and  expenditures  of  $1380.46;  balance  in  hand, 
$474.38  (the  last  representing  the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  the 
house).  The  estimated  value  of  the  library,  fixtures  and  fur- 
niture was  $6500,  an  increase  of  $1000  over  the  previous  year. 
These  figures  were  the  official  estimate  made  by  the  Library 
Committee  and  Treasurer  by  direction  of  the  Faculty,  in  order 
that  the  amount  in  the  Treasurer's  report  might  represent  accu- 
rately the  value  of  the  library.  The  collection  had  been  insured 
for  $5000.  It  now  included  2744  volumes,  an  increase  of  520 
since  the  previous  report.  The  number  of  medical  journals 
had  increased  from  30  to  100,  80  of  these  being  American  and 
20  foreign.  This  great  increase  in  the  journal  department  had 
been  due  to  the  great  liberality  of  Dr.  Ashby,  who  had  gener- 
ously donated  54  of  the  exchanges  of  the  Maryland  Medical 
Journal  unmutilated.  Fourteen  members  had  subscribed  $10 
each,  and  thirteen  $5  each,  towards  the  expenses  of  the  library, 
and  this  amount  ($205)  had  enabled  the  committee  to  carry  on 
their  work  in  the  highly  satisfactory  way  in  which  it  had  been 
done.  But  for  this  liberal  donation  and  the  enthusiastic  devo- 
tion of  the  librarian,  the  committee  said  their  work  would 
have  resulted  in  disastrous  failure.  Of  this  progress,  the 
Library  Committee  in  their  report  say  that  it  was  "greater, 
perhaps,  than  has  occurred  during  the  whole  period  included 
within  the  memory  of  any  of  the  members  of  the  Faculty." 

Twenty-one  active  and  two  honorary  members  had  been 
added,  the  latter  being  Professors  Mallet  and  Goodell. 

The  Curator  reported  that  the  Roberts  specimens  had  been 
deposited  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  that 
they  were  in  a  bad  condition  and  indistinguishable  from  the 

171 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

specimens  belonging  to  the  College.  Later  they  were  removed 
1881      to  the  hall. 

An  interesting  event  of  the  year  was  the  presentation  to  the 
Society  of  the  academic  and  medical  diplomas  of  Dr.  John 
Archer,  a  founder  from  Harford  County,  by  Dr.  George  W. 
Archer,  through  Dr.  Quinan.  The  first  of  these  was  the 
Princeton  A.B.,  date  1760,  and  the  second  the  M.B.  from  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  1768.  The  latter  was  the  first  medi- 
cal diploma  issued  in  America,*  and  for  that  reason  especially 
possesses  the  very  greatest  interest.  At  the  same  time  Dr. 
Christopher  Johnston  presented,  from  Mr.  George  B.  Coale,  the 
diploma  of  Dr.  George  Buchanan,  another  founder,  and  also  a 
certificate  of  membership  of  the  same  in  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society.  Dr.  Quinan  accompanied  the  presentation 
of  these  interesting  medical  relics  with  sketches  of  the  two 
founders. 

Other  business  transacted  was  as  follows :  The  appointment 
of  a  Reception  Committee  (motion  of  Dr.  Michael)  to  receive 
delegates  and  members  from  the  counties  and  provide  for  their 
entertainment  and  comfort ;  the  creation  of  a  Library  Build- 
ing Committee  (resolution  of  Dr.  L  E.  Atkinson)  to  con- 
sider ways  and  means  of  securing  a  fireproof  building  and  to 
hold  and  invest  money  for  the  same;  a  resolution  (Dr.  Ashby) 
looking  to  securing  as  complete  a  department  at  the  Peabody 
Library  in  medical  as  in  other  branches  of  literature;  provid- 
ing for  the  reporting  of  dicussions  before  the  Faculty  (Dr. 
Browne)  ;  a  special  assessment  of  $3  upon  city  members  foi; 
the  benefit  of  the  library  (Dr.  L  E.  Atkinson)  ;  an  amendment 
to  the    Constitution   providing   that   "sentence    of   reprimand, 


*An  honorary  diploma  is  said  to  have  been  conferred  upon  an  Eng- 
lish physician  by  Yale  College  in  1723. 

172 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

suspension  or  expulsion  be  administered  by  the  President  in  the 
presence  of  the  Faculty  and  published  in  the  Transactions"  1881 
(Dr.  Williams)  ;  amending  the  Constitution  so  that  "no  mem- 
ber against  whom  charges  are  pending  shall  have  the  right  to 
resign  without  express  permission  of  the  Faculty"  (Dr.  J.  C. 
Thomas)  ;  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  consider  the 
legalizing  of  anatomical  study  in  Maryland  (Dr.  Tiffany)  ;  the 
appointment  of  a  committee  to  consider  the  advisability  of 
establishing  a  directory  for  nurses  (Dr.  Brune). 

In  his  presidential  address,  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson  particularly 
urged  the  construction  of  a  fireproof  library  building.  He 
preferred  the  joint  stock  company  plan.  He  said  that  he  could 
name  several  members  with  valuable  libraries  who  would 
donate  them  at  death  if  there  were  such  a  building  for  their 
preservation. 

The  annual  oration  was  delivered  by  Prof.  Wm.  Goodell,  of 
Philadelphia,  who  chose  for  his  subject  "The  Dangers  and  the 
Duty  of  the  Hour."  The  dangers  were  the  decay  of  home  life, 
the  unwillingness  of  women  to  become  mothers,  the  increasing 
resort  to  divorce,  abortion,  etc.  "To  reform  these  abuses,  to 
make  wives  not  stale-mates,  but  help-mates,  in  the  true  sense  of 
the  word ;  to  redeem  woman  from  the  bondage  of  her  educa- 
tion and  restore  her  to  wifehood  and  motherhood ;  to  uplift  the 
sexual  conscience  of  the  community  ;  to  rivet  the  bonds  between 
husband  and  wife,  and  to  fill  our  homes  with  prattling  chil- 
dren— ^these  be  the  great  missions  of  the  physician,  missions 
which  he  must  cheerfully  and  manfully  accept  as  his  Duty  of 
the  Hour." 

In  the  reports  of  sections.  Dr.  G.  G.  Rusk  has  a  successful 
hip  joint  amputation,  and  Dr.  Coskery  a  second  successful 
amputation  of  both  legs  at  one  sitting.  The  last  operator  also 
has  a  successful  removal  of  a  fibro-adeno-enchondroma  of  the 

173 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

neck,  weighing  3  pounds  10  ounces.  Dr.  Howard  has  three 
1881  cases  of  rupture  of  the  uterus  during  labor ;  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wil- 
son, an  ovariotomy  at  the  fourth  month  of  pregnancy,  without 
interference  with  the  normal  course  of  labor;  the  last  operator 
also  a  case  of  combined  intra-  and  extra-uterine  twin  preg- 
nancy, in  which  one  child  was  removed  by  laparotomy,  the  other 
by  a  natural  labor,  both  being  born  alive ;  Dr.  R.  Winslow,  ten 
consecutive  breech  presentations  in  a  woman  with  deformed 
pelvis ;  Dr.  Frank  West,  a  case  of  Battey's  operation — the  first 
done  in  the  State.  Dr.  J.  Shelton  Hill  points  out  the  value  of 
boracic  acid  an  mucous  inflammations.  (Dr.  Theobald  was  the 
first  to  employ  and  recommend  this  agent  in  conjunctivitis. 
See  A^.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Feb.,  1880.) 

There  were  three  papers  presented,  of  such  exceptional  char- 
acter and  interest  that  they  constituted  probably  the  most  strik- 
ing feature  of  this  remarkable  meeting.  They  were  called 
"invited  papers,"  and  their  titles  were :  "A  New  Method  of 
Studying  the  Mammalian  Heart,"  by  Dr.  H.  Newell  Martin, 
Professor  of  Biology,  Johns  Hopkins  University ;  "A  Study  of 
Blood  Pressure  in  the  Coronary  Arteries  of  the  Mammalian 
Heart,"  by  Drs.  H.  Newell  Martin  and  W.  T.  Sedgwick ;  ''A 
Fatal  Form  of  Septicaemia  in  the  Rabbit  Produced  by  the  Sub- 
cutaneous Injection  of  Human  Saliva,"  by  George  M.  Stern- 
berg, Surgeon  U.  S.  A.  In  the  first,  Dr.  Martin  describes,  by 
means  of  a  plate,  the  method  by  which  he  succeeded  in  keeping 
beating,  for  several  hours  after  death,  the  heart  of  a  dog  which 
had  been  completely  isolated  from  the  rest  of  the  body  except 
the  lungs.  By  the  apparatus  which  he  had  devised,  Professor 
Martin  had  kept  a  heart  beating  with  beautiful  regularity  for 
more  than  five  hours,  and  had  no  doubt  he  could  keep  it  in  action 
considerably  longer  were  that  necessary.  To  prevent  clotting, 
defibrinated  blood  is  used.     The  maintenance  of  the  coronary 

174 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

circulation  is  an  essential.  A  minute  description  was  given  of 
the  method,  and  its  successful  working  was  shown  upon  a  dog  1881 
in  the  adjoining  laboratory.  By  this  plan  the  study  of  the 
physiology  of  the  mammalian  heart  was  possible  to  an  extent 
never  before  attainable.  One  can  investigate  the  direct  action 
of  drugs  on  the  heart,  can  study  the  effect  of  varying  tempera- 
tures and  arterial  pressures  on  the  pulse-rate,  and  probably  can 
keep  alive  for  study  a  kidney,  liver,  etc.,  by  uniting  it  with  the 
heart. 

The  second  paper  detailed  experiments  proving  that  the  semi- 
lunar valves  of  the  aorta  do  not  close  over  the  openings  of  the 
coronaries  during  any  portion  of  the  cardiac  period,  a  fact 
which  had  been  hitherto  in  dispute  and  unsettled. 

Sternberg  describes  how  he  inoculated  rabbits  with  his  own 
saliva  and  isolated  a  micrococcus.  Subsequently  Pasteur 
discovered  the  same  organism  in  the  saliva  of  a  child  dead  of 
hydrophobia.  There  was  no  suspicion  by  either  of  these  ob- 
servers that  the  organism  discovered  by  them  (the  coccus  of 
sputum  septicaemia)  had  anything  to  do  with  lobar  pneumo- 
nia. Fraenkel,  in  1886,  showed  first  that  it  was  the  most  fre- 
quent organism  in  acute  pneumonia,  and  present  in  a  very  large 
proportion  of  all  cases  of  croupous  pneumonia.  This  organism 
is  now  known  as  the  micrococcus  lanceolatus,  the  pneumo- 
coccus,  or  the  diplococcus  pneumonias. 

1882.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  Hopkins  Hall.  ig32 
Although  the  expenses  of  the  year  had  considerably  exceeded 
those  of  previous  years,  the  financial  condition  was  healthy, 
and  the  $500  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  Courtland  Street 
house  had  been  kept  intact.  The  library  had  been  increased  by 
320  volumes,  the  books  and  pictures  now  being  assessed  at 
$7500.     The  Library  Committee  complained  that  a  large  por- 

'-  175 


MEDICAL  AjND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tion  of  its  revenue  had  been  diverted  by  the  expense  of  pub- 
1882  Hshing  the  unusually  large  volume  of  Transactions.  The  total 
amount  available  by  the  committee  had  been  $493.80.  Of  peri- 
odicals 118  were  regularly  received,  64  being  from  the  exchange 
list  of  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal.  The  Transactions  of 
49  societies  were  regularly  received.  "Clearly,"  says  the  com- 
mittee, "the  library  has  now  become  the  most  important  fea- 
ture of  this  Faculty,  and  undoubtedly  is  the  cause  of  its  unpre- 
cedented prosperity."  Yet  the  financial  resources  of  the  com- 
mittee were  at  this  time  very  precarious,  and  gave  rise  to  con- 
stant anxiety.  At  any  moment  its  support  might  be  withdrawn 
and  a  death  blow  to  its  prosperity  be  thus  inflicted.  The  com- 
mittee, therefore,  urged  the  adoption  of  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution,  assessing  each  city  member  $8  and  each  country 
member  $3,  one-half  of  the  former  fee  and  two-thirds  of  the 
latter  being  appropriated  to  the  Library  Committee,  and  this 
amendment  was  adopted  and  became  Art.  X  of  the  Consti- 
tution. 

Seventeen  active  members  and  one  honorary  member  (Dr. 
A.  M.  Fauntleroy)  were  elected  on  recommendation  of  the 
Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Western  Shore. 

The  Curator  reported  that  the  Roberts  specimens  had  been 
removed  back  to  the  hall  of  the  Faculty  and  were  in  good  con- 
dition. 

There  was  a  report  of  a  Library  Building  Committee, 
appointed  in  1881.  The  object  of  the  appointment  of  this 
committee  was  "to  consider  the  best  ways  and  means  of  secur- 
ing for  the  library  a  fireproof  building."  The  committee  had 
held  a  number  of  meetings  and  fully  discussed  the  subject. 
They  were  well  satisfied  of  the  advantages  of  such  a  building. 
They  recommended  the  creation  of  a  building  fund,  to  be  vested 
in  five  trustees,  and  not  to  be  expended  until  it  had  reached 

176 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

$15,000,  and  also  a  committee  of  nine  to  secure  contributions  to 

the  same,  and  they  suggested  that  a  deed  of  trust  be  executed       1883 

conveying  to  the  Trustees  the  proceeds  arising  from  the  sale 

of  the  Courtland  Street  property,  and  other  securities  from  time 

to  time.     These  suggestions  were  subsequently  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  Directory  for  Nurses  recommended  that 
such  a  directory  be  instituted  and  that  it  be  modeled  after  the 
one  founded  in  Boston  in  1879,  "which  is  already  a  pronounced 
success."  They  suggested  certain  rules  for  its  government, 
and  requested  that  quarters  be  furnished  for  it  in  the  library 
building  and  that  the  services  of  the  librarian,  as  registrar,  be 
placed  at  their  disposal,  at  such  additional  compensation  as 
should  be  agreed  upon.  Any  receipts  above  the  expenses  of 
maintenance  should  go  to  the  library.  The  plan  as  thus  pro- 
posed by  the  committee  was  adopted  at  a  special  meeting,  and 
the  committee  (Drs.  Brune,  Johnson  and  Green)  continued 
with  instructions  to  carry  it  into  effect. 

The  first  colored  physician  was  admitted  this  year,  Whitfield 
Winsey,  M.D.,  of  Baltimore,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, having  that  honor.  Dr.  Winsey  had  been  previously 
rejected  by  a  local  society  in  East  Baltimore,  where  he  resided, 
and  he  must  have  felt  fully  compensated  for  his  previous  dis- 
appointment in  the  unanimous  recommendation  of  the  Board 
of  Examiners  and  the  unanimous  election  of  the  Faculty.  Two 
other  physicians  of  color  have  since  been  added  to  the  member- 
ship. In  a  society  such  as  this,  representing  the  entire  State 
and  designed  for  purely  scientific  and  ethical  purposes,  there 
should  be  no  requirements  other  than  those  of  character  and 
attainment. 

The  committee  to  secure  a  law  legalizing  anatomical  study 
in  the  State  not  having  been  successful,  was  continued  and 
instructed  to  resume  its  efforts. 

177 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  office  of  Reporting  Secretary  was  created  and  the  duties 
1883      of  the  same  defined. 

The  date  of  the  annual  meeting  was  changed  from  the  second 
Tuesday  in  April  to  the  fourth  Tuesday. 

The  following  resolutions,  adopted  at  this  time,  explain 
themselves : 

"Whereas,  The  chairman  oi  the  Library  Building  Committee 
has  informed  this  Faculty  of  the  very  generous  offer  of  Dr.  J. 
M.  Toner,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  who  proposes  to  bestow  his 
library  upon  the  Faculty  provided  a  fireproof  building  be 
erected  for  its  reception;  and 

"Whereas^  This  Faculty  is  unable  at  present  to  comply  with 
the  conditions  of  Dr.  Toner's  proposition, 

"Resolved,  That  this  Faculty  appreciates  the  liberality  of  the 
offer  of  Dr.  Toner  of  his  library  but  in  view  of  the  impossi- 
bility of  complying  with  the  conditions  accompanying  the  gift, 
feels  obliged,  though  unwillingly,  to  decline  the  same. 

"Resolved,  That  this  action  be  communicated  by  the  Corre- 
ponding  Secretary  to  Dr.  Toner." 

A  decision  of  the  President  at  this  time  made  the  term  "cur- 
rent year,"  as  used  in  the  Constitution,  mean  from  the  begin- 
ning of  one  annual  meeting  to  the  next  annual  meeting. 

There  were  nine  sections,  viz:  i.  Surgery;  2,  Practice;  3, 
Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology ;  4,  Materia  Medica  and  Chemistry ; 
5,  Sanitary  Science;  6,  Physiology  and  Pathology;  7,  Psychol- 
ogy and  Medical  Jurisprudence ;  8,  Micro-Chemistry  and  Spec- 
tral Analysis ;  9,  Ophthalmology,  Otology  and  Laryngology. 

From  the  address  of  the  President,  Dr.  Donaldson,  we  learn 
that  "some  had  suggested  the  propriety  of  actually  changing 
the  name  of  the  Association  to  that  of  the  'Maryland  State 
Medical  Society,'  in  order  to  secure  greater  interest  in  the 
counties ;    a  sad  alternative,"  he  adds,  "as  there  are  so  many 

178 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

memories  and  associations  connected  with  this  Faculty  in  the 
history  of  the  profession  an  this  State;"  but  he  thought  "that  1882 
we  ought  to  make  greater  efforts  to  have  this  body  a  repre- 
sentative one  of  the  whole  State."  Earnest  endeavors  were 
being  made  to  make  the  Faculty  the  State  Society,  where  yearly 
valuable  reports  and  original  papers  full  of  interest  should  be 
presented.  In  these  efforts  the  members  had  been  encouraged 
by  having  at  the  previous  annual  meeting  a  larger  attendance 
from  the  counties  than  for  many  years  previously.  The  Presi- 
dent referred  to  the  flattering  reception  of  the  Transactions 
of  the  previous  year,  due  largely  to  the  papers  detailing  the 
original  investigations  of  Drs.  Martin  and  Sedgwick.  He 
referred  also  to  the  International  Medical  Congress,  which 
had  met  in  London  in  August,  1881,  and  to  the  enthusiastic 
reception  given  on  that  occasion  to  M.  Pasteur,  "whose  renown 
has  spread  from  his  quiet  Parisian  laboratory  over  the  whole 
civilized  world."  Finally  he  drew  up  an  excellent  epitome  of 
the  original  researches  of  M.  Pasteur  and  those  who  have  fol- 
lowed him,  bearing  upon  the  germ  theory.  The  world  had 
just  been  stirred  to  its  depths  by  the  claim  of  Koch,  "a  very 
careful  and  by  no  means  a  hasty  man,  in  his  conclusions  that 
he  had  discovered  the  parasite  or  bacillus  which  causes  tuber- 
culosis." 

The  annual  address  by  Dr.  A.  M.  Fauntleroy  on  the  "Re- 
ciprocal Action  of  Morbid  Bodily  and  Mental  Influences"  fol- 
lowed. 

An  item  in  the  Treasurer's  accounts  is  "expenses  of  orator, 
$17." 

Dr.  Tifl^any  reported  a  successful  amputation  at  the  hip 
joint  for  osteosarcoma  of  the  femur. 

Dr.  Opie  reported  the  proceedings  of  the  Section  on  Obstet- 
rics  and   Gynaecology,  since   its   organization.   May  27,    1881. 

179 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Meetings  had  been  held  monthly.  Dr.  Wm.  M.  Kemp  furnish- 
1882  ed  a  paper  on  "What  Baltimore  Did  in  a  Sanitary  Way  During 
the  Yellow  Fever  in  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  in  1855."  Dr. 
Kemp  was  then  City  Physician  of  Baltimore  and  had  been  a 
participator  in  the  events  about  which  he  wrote.  Briefly,  the 
Board  of  Health,  consisting  of  Dr.  Kemp,  City  Physician;  Dr. 
Jacob  W.  Houck,  Commissioner  of  Health,  and  Dr.  Judson 
Oilman,  Assistant  Commissioner  and  Secretary,  decided  that 
yellow  fever  was  a  disease  of  local  origin  and  that  it  was  non- 
contagious. Having  therefore  improved  the  condition  of  all 
the  low  grounds  near  the  water  front  in  the  whole  southern 
section  of  the  city  by  draining,  grading  and  filling,  and  the 
removal  of  all  accumulated  debris,  and  having  thoroughly 
cleansed  every  street,  lane,  alley  and  court  in  the  city,  they 
opened  this  port  in  the  freest  possible  manner  to  refugees  from 
the  stricken  cities  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  Although 
thousands  availed  themselves  of  this  offer  and  although  in  a 
number  of  these  refugees  the  disease  appeared  after  their  com- 
ing here,  in  not  a  single  instance  was  it  contracted  by  residents 
of  Baltimore.  "Baltimore  enjoyed  a  perfect  immunity  through 
all  her  fierce  trial,  notwithstanding  the  proximity  to  and  the 
direct  daily  communication  with  the  affected  cities  through 
her  open  port.  *  *  *  Two  facts  seemed  most  apparent,  as  the 
outgrowth  of  observations  made  during  the  season.  They  are 
the  inutility  of  quarantine  as  to  persons  and  the  importance 
above  all  else  of  a  perfect  internal  sanitary  condition." 

"Invited  papers"  of  original  research  carried  on  in  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Laboratory  were  again  contributed,  their  titles  being: 
"The  Influence  upon  the  Pulse  Rate  of  Variations  of  Arterial 
Pressure,  of  Venous  Pressure  and  of  Temperature,"  by  Pro- 
fessor Martin;  "Report  of  Some  Observations  upon  the  Form 
of  the  Pulse- Wave  and  the  Mean  Arterial  Pressure  in  a  Dog 

180 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

with  Patent  Ductus  Arteriosus,"  by  Wm.  H.  Howell,  A.B.,  and 
F.  Donaldson,  Jr.,  A.B. ;  "The  Influence  of  Variation  of  Venous  1882 
and  of  Arterial  Pressure  upon  the  Cardio-Inhibitory  Action  of 
the  Pneumogastric  Nerves,"  by  Henry  Sewall,  Ph.D.,  and  F. 
Donaldson,  Jr.,  A.B.,  and  "The  Influence  of  Digitaline  on  the 
Work  Done  by  the  Heart  of  the  'Slider'  Terrapin  (Pseudemys 
rugosa — Shaw),"  by  H.  H.  Donaldson  and  Mactier  Warfield, 
A.B. 

Professor  Martin  had  improved  his  method  of  isolating  the 
mammalian  heart  (reported  the  previous  year),  and  as  he  had 
been  aided  so  greatly  in  perfecting  apparatus  and  method  by 
his  assistants  and  pupils,  he  now  called  it  the  "Baltimore 
Method."  "The  guiding  idea  was  to  prevent  all  circulation 
through  any  part  of  the  body  of  a  warm-blooded  animal  but 
the  heart  and  lungs.  From  want  of  blood,  brain  and  spinal 
cord  and  sympathetic  ganglia  very  soon  die,  and  so  the  heart 
is  liberated  from  the  control  of  nerve  centres  outside  of  itself. 
In  the  second  place,  the  heart,  thus  isolated,  receives  only  blood 
of  constant  composition  and  known  temperature,  sent  into  it 
under  readily  controlled  conditions."  The  following  conclu- 
sions were  derived  by  Professor  Martin  from  his  experiments: 
I.  Variations  of  arterial  pressure  have  no  influence  upon  the 
pulse  rate.  2.  The  same  is  true  of  variations  of  venous  pres- 
sure. 3.  The  pulse  rate  and  the  temperature  of  the  blood 
flowing  through  the  coronary  arteries  corresponds,  each  rising 
as  the  other  rises  and  each  falling  as  the  other  falls.  "By  put- 
ting the  patient  in  a  bath,  whose  temperature  is  gradually  and 
carefully  lowered,  it  seems  probable  that  the  heart's  beat  can 
be  slowed  as  the  body  is  cooled,  the  extra  strain  on  it  dimin- 
ished and  threatened  death  possibly  averted."  Professor 
Martin  also  ascertained  that  the  dog's  heart  will  still  beat  regu- 

181 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

larly,  though  slowly,  at  26°  C,  and  regularly,  but  rapidly  and 
1882      feebly,  at  41°  C. 

Valuable  and  interesting  papers  and  reports  were  also  pre- 
sented by  Drs.  Tiffany  (Cancer  of  Rectum),  Van  Bibber 
(Drinking  Waters  of  Maryland),  R.  Winslow  (Osseous  and 
Ligamentous  Anomalies),  Conrad  (Psychology),  Chisolm 
(Ophthalmology),  and  John  N.  Mackenzie  (Diphtheritic 
Ulceration  of  Air  Passages). 

At  special  meetings  held  May  9  and  12  the  following  addi- 
tional action  was  taken : 

Resolution  of  Dr.  James  Carey  Thomas: 

"Resolved,  That  the  M'edical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,  having  had  its  attention  called  by  the  address  of  Dr. 
Donaldson,  the  late  President,  to  the  code  of  ethics  recently 
adopted  by  the  State  Medical  Society  of  New  York,  and  believ- 
ing that  intelligent  consulations  are  not  possible  between  scien- 
tific physicians  and  homoeopaths,  Thomsonians,  eclectics  and 
other  irregulars,  hereby  reaffirms  its  adhesion  to  the  code  of 
the  American  Medical  Association. 

"Resolved,  That  the  delegates  of  this  Faculty  be  requested 
to  present  these  resolutions  at  the  approaching  annual  meeting 
of  the  American  Medical  Association." 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Taneyhill  a  committee  of  five  was 
appointed  to  "lay  the  claims  of  the  medical  profession  of  the 
State  before  theTrustees  of  the  Peabody  Institute  and  request 
that  the  library  under  their  charge  shall  be  made  as  complete 
in  medical  as  it  is  in  other  branches  of  literature." 


1883 


1883.  Seventy-two  members  were  present  at  the  opening  of 
the  annual  meeting,  which  was  held  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, as  during  the  several  preceding  years.  Delegates 
were  present  from  the  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  Acad- 

182 


JOHX    CRA\\'F(JRD 
1746-1813. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

emy  of   Medicine  and   Clinical   Society,   and   from   the   Cecil 
County  Medical  Society.     Six  new  members  were  elected,  all       1883 
from  the  Western  Shore. 

The  finances  of  the  Society  were  reported  to  be  in  a  healthy 
condition,  the  receipts  being  $2274.02,  the  disbursements 
$1736.  The  fees  and  dues  of  members  and  delegates  had  risen 
from  nothing  a  few  years  before  to  $1184.  The  value  of  the 
library  had  increased,  according  to  estimate,  by  $800  during 
the  year. 

The  Library  Committee  reported  very  gratifying  progress 
in  the  condition  of  the  library.  'Tt  has  now  assumed  such  pro- 
portions," they  say,  "and  has  become  possessed  of  such  a  varied 
range  of  literature,  so  richly  rewarding  the  labors  of  the  large 
and  increasing  numbers  of  members  who  consult  it,  that  at  last, 
by  the  sheer  force  of  its  own  merits,  it  has  become  established 
as  the  most  valuable  and  important  feature  of  this  Faculty,  and 
has  won  such  golden  opinions  from  all  that  there  no  longer  re- 
mains room  for  doubt  that  the  future  will  only  increase  its  use- 
fulness." The  number  of  volumes  amounted  to  3346,  277  more 
than  at  the  previous  report.  Among  important  additions  were 
Ziemssen's  Cyclopaedia  of  Practical  Medicine,  17  volumes,  and 
a  complete  set  of  the  New  Sydenham  Society's  publications  to 
the  end  of  1881.  The  Maryland  Medical  Journal  was  con- 
tinuing the  donation  of  its  exchange  list  of  81  journals.  The 
total  amount  of  funds  available  for  the  committee's  use  was 
$603.10,  of  which  the  librarian  contributed  by  "donations,  sales 
and  fines,"  $63.17.  "It  is  becoming  apparent  that  our  present 
quarters  are  not  capable  of  meeting  our  requirements,  and  that 
very  soon  the  Faculty  will  be  called  upon  to  provide  more  suit- 
able halls.     Let  us  hope  that  these  will  be  in  our  own  building." 

The  Committee  on  Publication  announced  the  receipt  from 
Dr.  John  R.  Quinan  of  his  manuscript  on  the  "Physicians  of 

183 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Baltimore,"  upon  which  he  had  been  steadily  engaged  since  the 
1883  Sesqui-Centennial  celebration  of  Baltimore,  held  in  October, 
1880.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Dr.  Quinan  was  appointed 
to  read  upon  that  occasion  one  of  the  papers,  the  subject  as- 
signed him  being,  "The  Physicians  of  Baltimore :  What  Have 
They  Done?"  and  that,  being  unprepared  to  comply,  he  had 
requested  to  be  allowed  to  continue  his  researches,  with  a  view 
to  future  publication,  when  the  work  should  be  complete.  The 
work  as  now  presented  completed  by  him,  and  which  assumed 
the  name  of  "The  Medical  Annals  of  Baltimore,"  embraced : 

"i.  A  chronology  of  events  connected  with  the  progress  of 
medicine  in  Baltimore  from  1730  to  1880. 

"2.  A  biography  of  Baltimore  physicians,  to  which  is  ap- 
pended a  record  of  their  literary  contributions. 

"3.  A  subject  index  to  the  literature. 

"4.  A  record  of  public  services,  military,  civil  and  medical, 
performed  by  Baltimore  physicians  from  1730  to  1880  in  the 
city.  State  and  national  governments,  with  statistics  of  our 
charitable  and  public  institutions." 

"In  recognition  of  Dr.  Quinan's  services,  your  committee 
recommend  that  200  copies  be  presented  to  him.  This  volume, 
unprecedented  and  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  medical  litera- 
ture and  societies  in  the  United  States,  will  at  once  bring  (its 
author  and  this  Faculty  prominently  before  a  commending  pub- 
lic, and  go  down  to  posterity  as  a  living  monument  to  the  untir- 
ing zeal  and  devotion  of  one  of  our  honored  members."  An  edi- 
tion of  1000  copies  of  the  work  was  printed.  It  made  an  octavo 
of  274  pages,  and  contained  a  lithographic  portrait  of  the 
author. 

The  Committee  on  Library  Building  (Dr.  Chisolm,  chair- 
man, vice  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson,  resigned)  reported  that  they 

184 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

had  issued  a  circular,  but  had  received  no  active  response 
thereto.  They  beHeved  that  the  raising  of  a  building  fund  1883 
must  be  the  work  of  time,  and  suggested  that  such  amounts  as 
could  be  spared  from  the  treasury  of  the  Faculty,  together  with 
such  other  subscriptions  and  donations  as  might  be  contributed, 
should  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  to  con- 
stitute the  nucleus  of  such  a  fund. 

The  committee  to  appeal  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Peabody 
Library  to  include  medical  books  in  their  collection,  reported 
that  owing  to  their  limited  funds  the  Board  was  compelled  to 
limit  its  purchases  to  books  of  general  utility.  "They  request 
from  the  Faculty  the  names  of  such  general  works  on  medicine 
as  they  would  desire  to  have  added  to  the  library."  The  com- 
mittee suggested  that  "the  circulating  library  of  Mr.  Pratt,  hav- 
ing five  times  as  much  money  to  invest  annually  in  books, 
promises  a  more  successful  field  for  appeal,"  and  recommended 
that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  appeal  directly  to  Mr.  Pratt, 
"and  urge  him  to  consider  the  medical  profession  as  an  impor- 
tant part  of  the  citizens  of  Baltimore,  very  sadly  in  need  of 
medical  books  to  prepare  them  the  better  for  their  daily  avo- 
cation." The  suggestion  of  the  committee  was  adopted,  and 
the  same  committee  was  appointed  to  discharge  the  new  duty. 

The  Committee  on  Directory  for  Nurses  reported  that  they 
had  successfully  initiated  the  Directory,  and  that  it  had  been  in 
operation  since  June  i,  1882,  under  the  efficient  management  of 
Dr.  William  F.  Lockwood  as  Registrar.  The  Faculty  would 
assume  no  obligations  for  it,  and  it  began  without  funds ;  never- 
theless, "it  had  neither  begged  nor  borrowed,  and  had  no 
debts."  Twenty-nine  nurses  had  registered,  and  the  receipts 
had  been  $111.41,  of  which  $9.98  balance  had  been  turned  into 
the  treasury  of  the  Faculty  for  the  use  of  the  library. 

185 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  the  following,  moved  by  Dr.  William  Lee,  the  Faculty 
1883  reaffirmed  its  fealty  to  the  code  of  ethics  (see  proceedings  of 
1882)  : 

"Resolved,  That  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,  in  convention  assembled,  reaffirms  its  determination 
to  adhere  to  the  time-honored  code  of  ethics  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  which  has  always  been  its  accepted  chart 
and  trusted  guide. 

"Resolved,  That  this  body  discountenance  any  and  every 
attempt  on  the  part  of  medical  organizations  to  break  down  this 
barrier  between  the  regular  medical  profession  and  the  varied 
domain  of  irregular  practice,  and  do  earnestly  protest  against 
any  departures  from  the  true  spirit  of  the  supreme  law  of  the 
organized  profession. 

"Resolved,  That  a  duly  attested  copy  of  these  resolutions  be 
presented  to  the  American  Medical  Association  in  open  session 
at  its  approaching  meeting." 

The  following  resolution,  offered  by  Dr.  R.  Gundry,  was 
adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  this 
Faculty  to  represent  to  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  the  urgent 
need  of  an  institution  for  the  care  and  education  of  feeble- 
minded and  imbecile  children." 

The  annual  address,  by  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  was  a  learned 
discourse  on  "Medical  Bibliography,"  a  dry  subject,  which  the 
author  made  fresh  and  interesting  by  his  treatment  of  it.  Praise 
from  Dr.  Billings  is  not  easily  won,  and  therefore  his  appre- 
ciation of  our  efforts  to  secure  a  valuable  collection  of  books 
and  journals  in  Baltimore  was  particularly  grateful.  "Re- 
cently," he  says,  "by  the  exertions  of  a  few  members,  and 
especially  through  the  energy  and  zeal  of  your  librarian, 
*     *     *     the  collection  has  been  put  in  order  and  made  acces- 

186 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sible,  a  certain  number  of  current  medical  journals  are  regu- 
larly received  and  other  improvements  have  been  effected."  1883 
He  recommends  that  our  library  should  be  made  and  kept  as 
complete  as  possible  in  the  local  medical  history  of  the  city 
and  State,  and  that  perfect  security  should  be  secured  for  our 
collection,  not  only  for  the  preservation  of  the  books  them- 
selves, but  in  order  that  it  might  be  possible  for  the  Washington 
Library  to  loan  freely  to  the  Baltimore  Library.  At  that  time 
books  could  only  be  obtained  from  the  library  of  the  Surgeon- 
General's  office  through  the  libraries  of  the  Peabody  Listitute 
and  the  Johns  Hopkins  University.  With  pardonable  pride, 
Dr.  Billings  compares  the  resources  of  his  own  library  with 
the  medical  departments  of  the  British  Museum  and  the  Na- 
tional Library  of  France,  and  he  finds  that  the  former  not  only 
contains  more  medical  literature  than  either  of  the  others,  but 
that  it  covers  a  wider  field,  represents  better  the  medical  litera- 
ture of  the  whole  world,  and  is  decidedly  a  better  practical 
reference  and  working  collection  for  medical  purposes  than 
either.  He  attributes  this  result  to  the  fact  that  the  Surgeon- 
General's  is  a  special  library,  and  not  a  mere  section  of  a  national 
librar}%  and  hence  physicians  take  more  interest  in  it,  and  give 
their  books  and  pamphlets  liberally  to  it,  which  they  do  not  do 
in  the  other  case.  Dr.  Billings'  modesty  forbade  his  naming 
a  still  more  important  cause  of  the  phenomenal  growth  of  this 
library,  which  was  his  own  incessant  effort  and  intelligent 
interest.  Another  interesting  point  in  this  address  was  the 
explanation  of  the  "quaint,  old-timey  name  which  the  physi- 
cians of  this  State  have  preserved  for  their  Society" — "the 
Faculty" — a  name  by  which  the  medical  profession  has  been 
known  for  three  hundred  years  and  more.  The  special  use  of 
the  term  originated  in  the  old  University  of  Paris,  where  those 

187 


MSDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

who  graduated  as  doctors  graduated  also  as  teachers ;  in  other 
1883  words,  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  in  Paris  was  composed  of  all 
the  graduated  doctors  of  medicine  of  the  University,  whereas 
the  other  Faculties  of  the  University  were  composed  purely  and 
simply  of  learned  men  whose  sole  obj  ect  and  work  was  to  teach. 
The  physicians,  therefore,  forming  both  a  corps  for  instruction 
and  a  body  exercising  a  liberal  profession,  of  which  they  had 
the  monopoly,  represented  the  Faculty,  whose  affairs  were  of 
most  interest  to  the  world  at  large,  and  accordingly  became 
known  in  the  world  of  Paris  and  France  as  the  Faculty 
(Raynaud:  "Les  Medecins  au  temps  de  Moliere"). 

The  Section  on  Surgery  (Dr.  Coskery,  chairman,)  devoted 
its  attention  to  the  three  operations,  gastrostomy,  splenectomy 
and  nephrectomy.  The  following  conclusions  show  the  senti- 
ment entertained  by  the  committee,  which  was  in  accordance 
with  the  facts  before  the  profession  at  that  time:  The  first 
(opening  of  the  stomach)  is  justifiable  in  case  of  foreign  body 
which  cannot  pass  the  pylorus,  in  progressing  malignant  con- 
traction of  the  oesophagus,  in  stricture  of  the  oesophagus  from 
corrosives  not  yielding  to  bougies ;  splenectomy  for  conditions 
unassociated  with  leucocythsemia  is  preeminently  the  most  suc- 
cessful operation  in  abdominal  surgery,  while  in  leucocythaemic 
patients  it  is  probably  the  most  dangerous  of  operations,  and 
should  never  be  resorted  to;  nephrectomy  is  justifiable,  60  of 
114  operations  having  proved  successful. 

A  large  number  of  interesting  and  highly  valuable  reports 
and  papers  were  published  in  the  Transactions  for  the  year, 
but  as  a  mere  enumeration,  which  is  all  that  I  could  give  to 
them,  would  give  but  little  insight  into  their  contents,  I  would 
refer  the  reader  to  the  volume  containing  them,  which  is  acces- 
sible at  the  library. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1884.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  in  Hopkins  Hall,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  April  22-25,  inclusive.  Delegates  were  1884 
present  from  the  Clinical  Society,  Academy  of  Medicine, 
Medical  Association^  and  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of 
Baltimore,  from  the  Allegany  and  Cecil  County  Medical  So- 
cieties, and  from  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Association. 
The  Treasurer  reported  receipts  $2318.97,  and  expenditures 
$1739.98,  leaving  a  balance  of  578.99.  The  library  (including 
fixtures  and  furniture)  was  estimated  to  be  worth  $9000.  Dr. 
W.  F.  A.  Kemp  had  been  appointed  Treasurer,  to  succeed 
Dr.  Judson  Oilman,  who  had  died  August  i,  1883.  The  new 
Treasurer  was  required  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  exe- 
cute a  bond  for  $2000,  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
the  Constitution.  An  insurance  of  $7000  was  placed  upon  the 
library.  Owing  to  the  great  growth  of  the  library,  the  hall 
had  become  inadequate  for  its  accommodation,  but  notwith- 
standing earnest  efforts  to  secure  a  more  suitable  one,  none 
had  been  found,  and  therefore  the  Society  had  been  compelled 
to  remain  for  the  present  in  the  same  quarters.  Eleven  new 
members  were  elected. 

The  Library  Committee  in  their  report  gave  an  interesting 
resume  of  the  previous  ten  years  of  its  history,  which  indicated 
"constant  and  rapid  progress  in  building  up  the  collection  to 
its  present  condition  of  usefulness  and  great  value."  They 
showed  that  in  1874  the  books  were  boxed,  there  was  no  library 
room,  and  no  journals  were  subscribed  for.  It  was  not  until 
1877  that  the  library  was  revitalized  and  opened  to  the 
members  on  August  22,  there  being  a  large  attendance  on 
the  occasion.  "A  large  number  of  the  1863  volumes  then  in 
the  library  were  scarce  and  valuable,  rendered  so  in  part  by 
their  antiquity.  The  true  value  of  many  of  them,  however, 
was  not  realized  until  a  proposition  was  received  from  Surgeon 

189 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

John  S.  Billings,  of  the  National  Medical  Library,  to  purchase 
1884  a  large  number  of  them — books  which  this  experienced  and 
energetic  bibliographer  was  unable  to  procure  at  any  price, 
either  in  this  country  or  in  Europe."  In  1877  a  carefully  pre- 
pared list  of  the  best  medical  journals  in  different  parts  of  the 
world,  representing  all  the  specialties  and  branches  of  medi- 
cine and  surgery,  was  subscribed  for.  "From  this  date  the 
library,  which  had  previously  scarcely  had  one  visitor  a  week, 
became  more  and  more  popular,  until  it  is  at  present  the  daily 
resort  of  many  of  the  reading  and  progressive  members  of  the 
profession."  The  committee  called  attention  to  the  fact  that 
no  committee  has  yet  had  control  of  an  adequate  appropria- 
tion for  their  work,  not  even  since  1882,  when  a  specific  assess- 
ment was  made  upon  each  member  for  the  support  of  the 
library.  The  total  expenditures  of  the  year  for  the  library 
had  been  $504.16.  The  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  was 
4019,  of  which  277  were  duplicates.  During  the  year  673  had 
been  added.  The  most  notable  purchases  had  been  the  New 
Sydenham  Society's  publications,  74  volumes,  and  the  London 
Obstetrical  Society's  Transactions,  25  volumes.  By  exchange 
185  additions  had  been  made,  chiefly  from  the  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's Library  at  Washington;  93  had  been  added  by  dona- 
tion, including  a  set  of  four  elegant  new  dictionaries  by  Dr. 
Morris.  The  journals  received  were  119  in  number,  including 
86  American  and  33  foreign.  Books  could  now  be  obtained 
from  the  Surgeon-General's  Library  by  requisition  through 
our  own  librarian. 

The  Committee  on  Nurses'  Directory  reported  that,  owing 
to  the  lack  of  interest  and  patronage  in  the  directory  by  mem- 
bers, its  affairs  had  not  prospered  as  had  been  hoped.  The 
committee  was  therefore  compelled  to  retain  the  cash  balance 
for  the  year,  amounting  to  $24.08,  for  its  own  expenses,  instead 

190 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  turning    it    over,    as    previously,    to   the    library.      It    also 
recommended,  in  view  of  these  circumstances,  that  an  appeal       1884 
should  be  made  for  support  to  the  laity,  by  advertisement  in 
the  public  press. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted :  "That  authority  be 
and  hereby  is  granted  to  Dr.  John  R.  Quinan  to  amend  and 
revise  the  'Medical  Annals,'  including  names  of  physicians  of 
the  State,  compiling  data  up  to  January  i,  1885,  and  publish 
the  same  at  his  own  expense." 

On  motion  of  Prof.  C.  Johnston,  the  Faculty  approved  of 
the  measures  at  present  instituted,  to  segregate  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Library  and  place  it  in  a  fire-proof  building  and 
under  the  care  of  the  Surgeon-General." 

The  standard  of  papers  set  in  1881  was  not  lowered  at  this 
meeting.  Prof.  William  Pepper  delivered  the  annual  address, 
on  "Dietetics  in  Disease."  The  Section  of  Surgery  (Professor 
Michael)  devoted  some  attention  to  antiseptic  surgery,  which 
had  now  gained  the  day,  although  most  of  us  could  recall  the 
time  when  Lister  "was  actually  laughed  at  by  many  of  the 
most  prominent  surgeons  of  the  time."  Even  those  who  op- 
posed Listerism  acknowledged  its  principle  by  adopting  strict 
"cleanliness  in  surgery;"  it  was  only  a  difference  in  details. 
The  report  paid  a  high  but  well-deserved  tribute  to  the  great 
surgeon,  who  had  so  recently  revolutionized  surgical  practice. 
Corrosive  sublimate  was  then  just  coming  into  favor,  displac- 
ing to  a  large  degree  carbolic  acid  and  iodoform.  The 
advance  in  abdominal  surgery  was  shown  by  the  following 
quotation :  "A  part  or  the  whole  of  every  abdominal  organ, 
except  the  liver  and  pancreas,  has  been  removed  with  success. 
In  short,  the  surgeon  of  today  hesitates  but  little  more  to 
open  an  abdomen  than  to  amputate  a  limb,  and  some  men  go 
so  far  as  to  say  that  if  done  with  proper  precautions  the  pro- 
is  191 


MEDICAL  AND  CHTRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cedure  is  unattended  with  danger."     Dr.  Robert  W.  Johnson 

1884  had  a  paper  on  "Cryptorchidism,"  with  a  case  and  a  resume 
of  89  cases ;  Dr.  John  Morris,  one  on  "Vital  Statistics  of 
Baltimore  in  the  Past ;"  Dr.  Theobald,  one  on  "Preventable 
Blindness ;"  Dr.  Chisolm,  one  on  "Removal  of  a  Piece  of 
Iron  from  the  Vitreous  Chamber  by  the  Magnetic  Needle;" 
Dr.  Mackenzie,  one  on  "Reflex  Cough  Due  to  Nasal  Polypi," 
and  Dr.  Cordell,  one  on  "Congenital  Anomaly  of  the  Foetal 
Heart,  consisting  of  the  Absence  of  one  of  the  Segments  of 
the  Mitral  Valve,  in  which  a  Systolic  Murmur  was  heard  before 
Birth."     This  by  no  means  exhausts  the  list. 

1885.     A  special  meeting  was  held  March  31  to  hear  charges 

1885  against  members  of  the  Society,  one  member  being  charged 
with  "conduct  unworthy  of  a  member,"  and  four  others  with 
"unprofessional  conduct."  The  charges  were  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Ethics,  whose  report  was  made  at  a  meeting 
held  April  23.  The  committee  found  the  charges  sustained, 
whereupon  the  first  offending  member  was  suspended  for  one 
year.  Of  the  other  four  members  charged  with  unprofes- 
sional conduct,  two  received  a  similar  sentence  and  two  were 
sentenced  tO'  be  reprimanded. 

The  annual  meeting  of  1885  was  deferred  two  weeks,  in 
order  that  members  attending  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion in  New  Orleans  might  be  present  and  participate.  The 
Faculty  convened,  therefore,  on  the  twelfth  of  May,  in  the 
Athenaeum  Building,  northwest  comer  of  St.  Paul  and  Sara- 
toga Streets,  the  hall  on  the  first  floor  of  which  had  been 
rented  for  the  occasion  from  the  Historical  Society.  Two 
hundred  members  attended  at  the  opening.  The  change  from 
the  custom  of  several  years  had  been  necessitated  by  the  in- 
creasing demand  upon  the  lecture  room  at  the  Johns  Hopkins 

192 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

University,  and  the  inability  of  the  Trustees  to  place  the  same 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Society.  The  Treasurer's  report  revealed  1885 
the  following:  The  total  amount  received  from  the  sale  of 
Quinan's  Annals  (2  years)  v^as  $74.75.  The  cost  of  the  work 
was  $417.55.  The  balance  had  happily  been  liquidated  by 
rigid  economy  in  the  expenditure  of  income.  The  expenses 
for  the  year  had  been  $1682.79,  leaving  a  deficit  of  $99.55»  which 
the  Treasurer  had  been  obliged  to  advance. 

The  Executive  Committee  reported  that  it  had  considered 
the  best  disposition  to  be  made  of  the  pathological  specimens 
belonging  to  the  Faculty,  and  that  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity had  offered  to  take  charge  of  them  and  place  them  in 
the  University  Museum,  where  they  would  be  carefully  pre- 
served, promising  to  return  them  whenever  desired.  This 
offer  had  been  accepted,  and  they  had  accordingly  been  so 
transferred.  Eight  new  members  were  added  to  the  Society. 
The  Library  Committee  still  had  to  complain  that  it  had  "been 
unable  to  conduct  the  affairs  of  the  library  to  its  own  satisfac- 
tion or  to  the  best  interests  of  the  Faculty,  on  account  of  the 
insufficient  funds  placed  at  its  command.  Much  that  was  de- 
sirable; much,  indeed,  that  seemed  essential  to  a  well-ordered 
library,  had  to  be  neglected  in  consequence."  Hence,  the 
committee  had  been  reduced  to  great  straits  during  the  year, 
having  received  but  $445.10.  The  committee  complained, 
therefore,  bitterly  of  the  disregard  of  Art.  X  of  the  Consti- 
tution, adopted  in  1882.  They  showed  by  figures  that  the 
amount  received  had  fallen  short  of  the  actual  amount  to 
which  they  were  entitled  by  some  $200  annually.  They  pro- 
tested against  any  appropriation  of  funds  made  at  the  expense 
of  the  library,  "the  feature  of  the  Faculty  to  which  in  the  larg- 
est measure  belongs  the  credit  of  its  present  usefulness,  and 
which  is  the  guarantee   of  its   future  prosperity."     Notwith- 

193 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Standing  the  cramped  condition  of  the  committee's  finances, 
1885  151  volumes  had  been  added.  Sixty- four  journals  were  now 
received,  36  American  and  28  foreign,  43  of  the  number  being 
obtained  by  subscription^  20  in  exchange  and  i  by  donation. 
The  Publication  Committee  reported  amount  spent  for  pub- 
lishing during  the  year  as  $351.75. 

The  Committee  on  Nurses'  Directory  reported  that  but 
little  progress  had  been  made,  notwithstanding  advertisement 
during  the  year  in  the  daily  press,  by  postal  cards  and  by  cir- 
cular. Still  the  institution  had  been  maintained  without  debt, 
and  a  cash  balance  remained  in  the  treasury  of  $33.53.  Sixty- 
one  nurses  were  on  the  registry,  including  one  wet  nurse. 

From  the  report  of  a  committee  appointed  "to  draft  a  law 
restricting  the  sale  of  patent  drugs,"  of  which  Dr.  G.  Halsted 
Boyland  was  chairman,  it  appears  that  there  was  at  this  time 
"no  law  existing  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  either  requiring 
apothecaries  to  keep  a  record  of  sales  of  poisonous  drugs,  or 
placing  any  restriction  whatever  upon  such  sales,  either  by 
them,  or  the  sale  of  laudanum  by  grocers,  which  we  are  in- 
formed upon  good  authority  is  also  done." 

A  very  important  and  enlightened  report  was  presented 
by  a  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Rohe  and  John  M'orris, 
who  had  been  appointed  at  the  1884  meeting,  "to  take  into 
consideration  and  report  what,  if  any,  specific  action  can  be 
taken  upon  the  recommendations  made  in  the  President's 
address  [Prof.  R.  McSherry]  bearing  upon  the  relations  of  the 
medical  profession  to  certain  sanitary  needs  of  the  commun- 
ity." The  subjects  mentioned  as  requiring  attention  at  the 
time  were  a  sanitary  survey  of  the  State,  to  be  carried  out 
under  the  direction  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  the  pollution 
of  streams,  the  adulteration  of  food  and  medicines,  the  secur- 
ing of  representative  and  respectable  incumbents  of  medical 

194 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

positions  in  tlie  service  of  city  and  State,  the  appointment  of 
medical  inspectors  of  schools,  and  the  investigation  and  restric-  1885 
tion  of  the  social  evil.  For  the  supervision  of  these  and  other  in- 
terests the  committee  recommended  the  appointment  of  "a  Spe- 
cial Committee  on  Public  Hygiene  which  shall  be  the  medium  of 
this  Faculty  in  its  intercourse  with  the  public  or  its  legal  rep- 
resentatives." The  committee  further  recommended  that  only 
the  power  of  preliminary  action  be  granted  to  the  special  com- 
mittee, and  that  in  no  case  shall  it  have  final  power  to  act 
until  its  conclusions  have  been  approved  by  the  Faculty  at  a 
special  meeting.  This  recommendation  was  adopted,  and  Drs. 
Rohe,  E.  G.  Waters  and  J.  C.  Thomas  were  appointed. 

The  following  has  a  mournful  interest,  as  showing  the  col- 
lapse of  an  effort  worthy  of  a  better  end.  On  calling  for  the 
report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Building  Fund,  "the  Trustees 
were,  at  the  request  of  the  chairman.  Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson,  Jr., 
discharged." 

An  amendment  to  the  Constitution  was  adopted,  changing 
the  word  "gentleman"  to  "person." 

In  conformity  with  the  recommendation  of  the  Library 
Committee,  it  was  directed  that  the  Treasurer  should  "deliver 
to  the  chairman  of  the  Library  Committee,  at  the  end  of  each 
quarter,  one-half  of  the  dues  of  members  received  by  him  dur- 
ing the  quarter." 

A  communication  from  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, on  "Preliminary  Education,"  was  laid  on  the  table. 

It  was  resolved  "That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by 
the  President  to  memorialize  the  next  Legislature  in  regard 
to  the  passage  of  a  bill  to  regulate  the  practice  of  medicine  in 
the  State  of  Maryland,  provided  they  report  to  the  Faculty 
before  appearing  before  the  Legislature." 

19s 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Williams  called  attention  to  the  desirability  of  the  build- 

1885      ing  in  which  the  convention  was  being  held  as  a  permanent 

library   and    general    meeting   room,    and   a    resolution   was 

adopted  that  it  was  expedient  to  move  into  the  same,  provided 

the  expense  did  not  exceed  $600. 

The  address  of  the  President,  Dr.  Latimer,  was  upon  "The 
Origin  and  Diffusion  of  Cholera."  A  committee  of  three  was 
appointed  to  consider  and  report  upon  that  portion  of  the  ad- 
dress relating  to  hygienic  precautions  against  cholera,  with  the 
view  of  using  the  influence  of  the  Society  for  the  protection  of 
the  community. 

The  Society  was  again  fortunate  in  having  Prof.  H.  Newell 
Martin  to  deliver  the  annual  address.  He  chose  for  his  subject 
this  time  "The  Study  of  the  Physiological  Action  of  Drugs," 
or  Pharmacology.  This  paper  is  characterized  by  force  and 
eloquence,  and  I  cannot  but  think  that  our  Society  was  highly 
favored  in  having  so  many  contributions  from  him.  Of  Phar- 
macology, that  branch  of  science  which  is  concerned  with  the 
action  of  drugs  on  the  healthy  body,  he  says :  "I  believe  it  is 
destined  in  the  near  future  to  acquire  an  importance  in  regard 
to  therapeutics  which  is  not  yet  properly  appreciated.  *  *  * 
There  are  at  present  a  small  number  of  laboratories  devoted  en- 
tirely to  such  work  on  the  continent  of  Europe ;  not  one,  I  think, 
in  the  United  States."  He  traced  in  detail  the  history  of  amyl 
nitrite,  the  use  of  which  in  angina  pectoris  we  owe  directly  to 
experiments  on  animals.  Then  followed  an  eloquent  defense 
of  vivisection. 

Among  reports  and  papers,  Dr.  L.  Ernest  Neale  described 
and  illustrated  "a  new  axis-traction  forceps"  of  his  own  inven- 
tion, combining  the  Simpson  and  Tarnier  forceps  in  one. 
Cocaine  took  up  much  attention,  being  discussed  in  papers  by 
Drs.  R.  W.  Johnson,    Morris,    Cordell,    Donaldson,  Sr.,    and 

196 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Harlan.  The  experience  of  Dr.  Chisolm  was  much  quoted 
in  this  connection.  Sanitary  science,  which  had  for  some  1885 
years  been  receiving  an  increased  share  of  attention,  had  three 
papers  devoted  to  it;  Dr.  W.  Chew  Van  Bibber  wrote  on 
travel  as  a  tonic;  Dr.  Rohe  advocated  burial  of  the  dead, 
which  led  to  a  discussion  on  the  merits  of  cremation 
and  burial,  the  majority  favoring  the  former;  Dr.  J.  C. 
Thomas  urged  the  importance  of  the  teaching  of  sanitary 
science  in  the  schools.  Dr.  Conrad  sharply  arraigned  the  pro- 
fession for  its  ignorance  of  psychology,  and  urged  that  it  be 
made  a  compulsory  branch  of  medical  instruction.  Dr.  R. 
Winslow  reported  six  cases  of  penetrating  gunshot  wounds  of 
the  abdomen ;  Dr.  Piatt,  a  case  of  amputation  of  an  hypertro- 
phied  clitoris,  five  and  three-fourths  inches  long  and  eight 
inches  in  circumference  (exactly  the  size  of  one  removed  ten 
years  earlier  by  Prof.  Wm.  T.  Howard) ;  Dr.  F.  Donaldson, 
Jr.,  reported  a  case  of  hard  chancre  of  the  tonsil,  and  Dr. 
Mackenzie  had  a  paper  on  hay  asthma. 


1886.  The  Faculty  was  convened  in  special  session  on  the 
first  of  February  to  receive  the  reports  of  the  Committee  to 
Draft  a  Law  to  Regulate  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Mary- 
land, and  the  Committee  on  Public  Hygiene.  The  former 
committee,  consisting  of  Dr.  John  Morris,  chairman,  and  Drs. 
Michael,  Rohe,  Richard  Thomas  and  R.  Winslow,  read  the 
draft  of  a  proposed  bill  to  be  submitted  to  the  Legislature. 
After  various  alterations  and  amendments,  it  was  adopted 
ill  toto  and  the  committee  was  authorized  to  present  it  to  the 
Legislature.  Dr.  Rohe,  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Hygiene, 
announced  tliat  several  bills  were  pending  before  the  Legisla- 
ture bearing  on  the  subjects  considered  by  the  committee,  and 

197 


1886 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

spoke  in  an  encouraging  manner  of  the  consideration  shown  by 
1886      the  members  of  the  Legislature. 

The  second  section  of  the  Medical  Practice  Bill,  which  was 
published  in  full  in  the  Transactions  of  1886,  pp.  13-17, 
provides  for  a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  five  of 
whom  should  be  appointed  by  the  M'edical  and  Chirurgi- 
cal  Faculty  and  two  by  the  Homoeopathic  M'edical  So- 
ciety of  the  State.  All  practitioners  were  required  to  go 
before  this  Board,  those  having  diplomas  for  the  purpose  of 
having  the  same  verified,  whereupon  they  were  to  be  entitled 
to  a  license  to  practice;  those  without  diplomas  to  stand  an 
examination  before  receiving  a  license.  Penalties  were  pro- 
nounced against  those  violating  the  law.  Practitioners  of  five 
years'  standing  were  exempt  from  its  provisions. 

The  bill  was  duly  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Senate  Committee 
at  Annapolis.  Certain  amendments  were  suggested  by  members 
of  the  Senate  and  one  by  the  Homoeopathic  Institute  of  Mary- 
land. 

A  meeting  to  reconsider  this  bill  was  held  on  ]March  5. 
A  long  and  animated  discussion  then  took  place,  at  the  close 
of  which  the  chairman  of  the  committee  moved  that  the  Fac- 
ulty disapprove  of  the  bill,  which  was  adopted  by  a  vote  of 
24  to  6  (there  being  34  present),  whereupon  the  committee  w^as 
discharged. 

The  annual  meeting  of  1886  was  held  in  the  Athenaeum 
Building,  the  lower  floor  of  which  had  been  rented  by  the 
Executive  Committee  in  accordance  with  the  resolution 
adopted  by  the  Faculty  at  the  last  annual  meeting.  Accord- 
ing to  the  financial  report,  the  expense  of  removal  and  fur- 
nishing rooms  was  $307.60.  This  had  been  taken  from  the 
building  fund  of  $500,  which  had  thus  been  reduced  to  $192.40. 

198 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  total  expenses  of  the  year  had  been  $1769.79,  leaving  a 
deficiency  of  $141.50  to  be  met.  1886 

The  suite  of  rooms  that  had  now  been  secured  by  the  Fac- 
ulty seemed  admirably  adapted  for  its  purposes,  and  was  cer- 
tainly far  superior  to  anything  it  had  hitherto  possessed.  At 
last  we  seemed  to  have  secured  a  permanent  resting  place  for 
our  wandering  feet.  The  situation  was  central,  and  three 
lines  of  street  cars,  at  the  distance  of  but  one  square,  com- 
municated with  all  parts  of  the  city.  The  locality  was  as  free 
from  noise  as  any  in  that  section  of  the  city.  Being  on  the 
level  of  the  street,  the  rooms  were  readily  accessible  with- 
out any  climbing  of  stairs.  The  main  room  was  a  large 
and  handsome  hall,  capable  of  seating  comfortably  several 
hundred  persons.  It  was  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  glass- 
covered  cases,  constructed  at  great  expense  for  the  use  of  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association,  which  had  formerly  occupied 
these  quarters.  A  gallery  likewise  extended  around  the  room, 
and  this  contained  a  second  series  of  similar  cases.  These 
cases  afforded  shelving  for  from  40,000  to  50,000  volumes. 
There  were  two  other  rooms,  the  smaller  of  which  served 
as  a  storage  and  committee  room;  for  the  larger  no  other 
use  was  found  except  the  annual  exhibition  of  drugs  and 
instruments,  w^hich  now  became  a  feature  of  our  annual  meet- 
ings, and  at  the  same  time  a  new  source  of  revenue  to  the 
Society.  A  fourth  room  was  allowed  us  shortly  after  our 
occupation,  which  was  devoted  to  duplicate  books  and  jour- 
nals, which  were  arranged  on  shelves  in  alphabetical  order. 

A  double  card  catalogue  was  soon  completed.  The  pam- 
phlets were  arranged  alphabetically,  and  even  the  odd  and 
incomplete  journals  were  arranged  so  as  to  be  readily  found 
if  wanted.  There  were  closets  for  valuables  and  relics.  The 
current   journals   were  displayed  on  tables.     Thus   the   entire 

199 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

collection  was  available  in  every  part  to  those  wishing  to  con- 
1886  suit  it.  Our  accommodations  were  far  greater  than  we  could 
use,  and  would  serve  us  for  many  years  to  come.  There 
seemed  to  be  no  reasonable  desire  or  want  that  was  not  or 
could  not  be  met  there,  with  one  exception,  and  that  exception 
was  a  large  available  fund  for  the  purchase  of  new  books.  For 
this  we  had  to  wait  until  the  man  appeared  who  possessed  the 
rare  faculty  of  providing  a  sufficiency  of  means  from  profes- 
sional and  other  sources.  This  much,  however,  I  think,  can 
be  said  of  the  library  at  this  time :  that  there  never  was  a  simi- 
lar collection  which  was  so  completely  at  the  service  of  its 
owners  as  this,  and  what  it  lacked  in  completeness  and  size  it 
made  up,  as  far  as  was  possible,  by  the  utility  and  accessi- 
bility of  such  resources  as  it  possessed. 

The  local  societies  readily  joined  in  the  occupation  of  such 
an  elegant  hall.  The  A'ledical  Association,  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine and  Clinical  Society  paid  an  annual  rent  of  $350,  whilst 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  paid  $100.  The  annual  meetings 
were  attended  by  crowds  of  members,  the  rooms  were  visited 
by  numerous  readers,  the  proceedings  were  of  the  highest 
interest,  and  the  contributions  of  great  value.  Indeed,  the 
Society  seemed  to  its  well-wishers  to  have  reached  the  high- 
water  mark  of  prosperity. 

Arrangements  were  made  for  the  loan  of  books  from  the 
National  Library,  the  P" acuity  becoming  responsible  for  their 
safe  return,  the  only  limitation  being  that  they  were  not  to  be 
removed  from  the  room.  The  expense  of  expressage  to  and 
from  Washington  was  borne  by  the  members  ordering  them. 
The  good  results  o'f  the  securing  of  better  quarters,  and  con- 
sequent more  complete  protection  and  preservation  of  books 
and  other  valuable  material,  were  also  seen  in  the  large  growth 
of  the  library  during  the  first  year  of  its  sojourn  in  its  new 

200 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

home.  No  less  than  830  volumes  were  added  during  the  year, 
increasing  the  total  to  5000.  Many  of  the  accessions  were  1886 
from  the  library  of  the  late  Dr.  John  Buckler,  which  was  sold 
at  public  auction.  The  books  of  this  valuable  collection  went 
for  almost  nothing,  and  the  librarian  persuaded  many  of  the 
friends  of  the  library  to  attend  the  sale  and  purchase  many  of 
the  books,  several  hundred  in  number,  for  our  library.  Many 
volumes  were  also  added  by  exchange.  At  this  time  we  began 
to  receive,  in  large  number,  the  theses  from  foreign  universi- 
ties. Yet,  nothwithstanding  all  that  was  done  for  the  up- 
building of  the  library,  the  committee  had  received  only  the 
insignificant  sum  of  $547.02,  including  receipts  from  sales, 
fines,  etc.  This  amount  was  $100  less  than  that  to  which  it 
was  entitled  by  the  express  appropriation  of  the  Society  and 
the  provisions  of  the  Constitution.  Is  it  surprising  to  learn 
that  it  was  only  by  individual  effort  and  enthusiasm  that  such 
remarkable  results  were  being  accomplished?  The  following 
quotations  from  the  Library  Committee's  report  show  the 
embarrassment  under  which  it  labored :  "The  failure  to  secure 
its  proper  revenues  has  obliged  the  committee  to  restrict  its 
expenses  to  matters  of  vital  importance.  *  *  *  It  is  dififi- 
cult  to  see  how  a  library,  such  as  it  is  the  desire  of  the  Faculty 
to  have  under  its  control,  can  be  successfully  conducted  upon 
the  very  small  and  inadequate  amount  now  appropriated  to  it." 
The  Committee  on  Directory  for  Nurses  made  a  very  dis- 
couraging report.  The  Directory  was  less  flourishing  than  a 
few  months  after  it  was  started,  and  the  committee  complained 
of  "the  absolute  indifference  or  open  hostility  of  the  Faculty 
and  the  profession  to  it."  Yet  sixty-five  nurses  were  regis- 
tered, and  the  institution  was  without  any  debts.  As  the 
committee  seemed  to  have  exhausted  its  resources  and  to  be 
desirous  of  turning  over  the  Director}^  to  other  hands,  it  was 

201 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

transferred  to  the  Woman's  Medical  College  and  placed  under 
1886      the  care  of  a  committee  of  the  Faculty  of  that  institution. 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  April,  1883,  the  following  resolu- 
tion, offered  by  Dr.  Gundry,  had  been  unanimously  adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  this 
Faculty  to  represent  to  the  Legislature  of  Maryland  the  urgent 
need  of  an  institution  for  the  care  and  education  of  feeble- 
minded and  imbecile  children." 

At  the  end  of  three  years  this  committee  reported  its 
efforts  and  failure  in  the  following  words ;  "  *  *  *  They 
prepared  and  caused  to  be  presented  to  the  General  Assembly 
a  memorial  setting  forth  the  claims  of  this  unfortunate  class 
of  human  beings  upon  the  care  and  protection  of  the  State, 
and  a  bill  to  establish  such  an  institution  was  introduced  by 
Mr.  Leo  P.  Thom,  a  member  o'f  the  House  of  Delegates  from 
Baltimore  City,  which  members  of  your  committee  were  called 
before  the  Committee  of  Ways  a,nd  Means  to  explain  and  sup- 
port. The  bill  passed  the  House  of  Delegates  without  much 
opposition.  It  provided  for  the  establishment  of  an  institu- 
tion for  the  care  and  training  of  idiotic  and  feeble-minded 
youth,  upon  grounds  to  be  selected  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  and  made  appropriation  for  the  erection  and  support 
of  the  proposed  institution  for  the  ensuing  two  years.  Unfor- 
tunately, the  bill  failed  to  pass  the  Senate,  and  your  committee 
regret,  therefore,  to  say  this  most  unfortunate  class  of  beings 
remain  in  Maryland  outcasts  from  public  sympathy  and  the 
most  terrible  burthens  upon  the  families  to  which  they  belong. 
Discouraged  by  repeated  failures,  your  committee  report  their 
firm  conviction  of  the  efficacy  of  the  methods  adopted  in  insti- 
tutions established  in  other  States  for  the  training  of  these 
sadly  neglected  beings,  and  their  deep  regret  that  Maryland 
should  still  hesitate  in  doing  that  justice  to  these,  'the  weakest 

202 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  our  brethren,'  that  she  so  freely  accords  to  the  other  defec- 
tive classes  within  her  borders — the  insane,  the  blind  and  the       1886 
deaf  and  dumb." 

The  most  important  report  of  this  session  was  that  of  a  com- 
mittee (appointed  May  9,  1882)  to  draft  a  law  relating  to  the 
supervision  of  the  interests  of  the  insane  of  Maryland.  The 
labors  of  this  committee  had  been  long  and  arduous,  and, 
unlike  those  of  that  just  spoken  of,  they  had  been  crowned 
with  complete  and  most  gratifying  success.  Extensive  cor- 
respondence had  been  carried  on  with  philanthropists  and  alien- 
ists, a.nd  examination  into  similar  legislation  in  twenty-two 
other  States  had  been  made.  A  bill  had  then  been  drafted  and 
submitted  to  eminent  legal  counsel,  who  had  spent  two  weeks 
in  revising  and  molding  it  into  proper  legal  form.  As  revised, 
the  bill  had  then  been  brought  before  the  Faculty  (March  5, 
1884,)  and  adopted,  and  the  committee  had  been  requested  to 
lay  it  before  the  General  Assembly  and  use  all  honorable 
means  to  secure  its  passage.  Few  changes  were  made  during 
its  consideration  by  the  two  branches  of  the  Legislature,  and 
it  was  passed  and  received  the  Governor's  approval  April  7, 
1886,  being  entitled  "Chapter  487.  An  Act  to  add  Additional 
Sections  to  Article  58  of  the  Code  of  Public  General  Laws, 
entitled  'Lunatics  and  Insane.'  "  On  the  completion  of  their 
report  the  committee  were  thanked  in  resolutions  "for  the 
zeal  and  fidelity  with  which  they  have  discharged  the  im- 
portant duties  assigned  them,"  and  congratulated  on  "the  emi- 
nently successful  termination  of  their  long  and  arduous 
labors."  The  names  of  the  committee  deserving  this  high 
praise  were  Drs.  John  S.  Conrad,  chairman;  Thomas  S.  Lati- 
mer, Richard  Gundry,  G.  Lane  Taneyhill,  James  Carey 
Thomas  and  John  Morris.  The  points  in  the  bill  to  which 
the  committee  allude  as  especially  an  advance  upon  the  previ- 

203 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ous  legislation  are :    Commitment  of  the  insane,  privileges  of 
1886      free  correspondence,  visitation  by  a  competent  authority,  cer- 
tificate of  insanity,  licensing  of  corporations,  almshouses  and 
persons  receiving  the  insane  for  pay,  etc. 

The  presidential  address,  by  Dr.  John  R.  Ouinan,  dealt  v^ith 
"The  Chartered  Right  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland  to  Exact  Licenses  to  Practice  in  this  State,"  and 
has  already  been  referred  to  in  connection  with  the  lost  privi- 
lege in  1839.  Dr.  Quinan  contended  that  the  rights  conferred 
by  the  charter  in  1799  were  inalienable,  being  solemnly  guar- 
anteed by  the  Legislature  forever,  unless  forfeited  by  abuse  or 
voluntary  abandonment.  He  pointed  out  that  by  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States  and  by  the  Bill  of  Rights  of  Mary- 
land, charters  are  sacred.  The  only  law  passed  by  the  Legis- 
lature conflicting  with  the  charter  was  that  of  1838,  entitled 
"An  Act  to  Authorize  Thomsonians  or  Botanic  Physicians  to 
Charge  and  Receive  Compensation  for  their  Services  and  Medi- 
cine," but  which  in  the  body  of  it  does  not  name  this  class  of 
practitioners  at  all,  the  language  being,  "It  may  and  shall  be 
lawful  for  each  and  every  person,  being  a  citizen  of  this  State, 
to  charge  and  receive  compensation  for  their  services  and 
medicine,  in  the  same  manner  as  physicians  are  now  permitted 
to  do."  Even  if  this  Act  were  not  otherwise  null  and  void, 
for  the  reasons  already  stated,  it  can  apply  only  to  Thomson- 
ians, since  it  is  well  settled  by  the  law  of  the  State  that  an  Act 
is  construed  by  its  title  and  confers  no  right  except  that  ex- 
pressed in  the  title,  or  to  those  mentioned  in  it,  and  as  far  as 
"Thomsonians  or  botanic  physicians"  were  concerned,  there 
were  none  in  existence  to  benefit  by  it.  Dr.  Quinan  presented 
with  his  address  the  written  opinion  of  two  gentlemen  of  the 
law,  of  the  highest  standing  and  ability,  confirming,  "after  a 
full  and  deliberate  examination  of  all  the  legislative  and  judi- 

204 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cial  decisions  bearing  on  the  question, "  the  views  he  had  ex- 
pressed.    He  concludes  that  "the  Act  of  1798  is  to-day  the  lav/       1886 
of  the  State  and  can  be  enforced  as  such." 

One  would  suppose  that  such  an  exhaustive  review  of  this 
whole  subject,  backed  as  it  was  by  legal  opinion,  would  be 
received  with  the  greatest  interest  and  lead  to  immediate  action 
to  recover  the  privilege  so  long  supposed  to  be  irretrievably 
lost.  It  is  true  the  address  was  referred  to  a  committee  of 
three  (Drs.  Quinan,  Waters  and  B.  B.  Browne)  to  consider 
and  report  on.  The  final  disposition  of  the  matter  will  appear 
later  on.  It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  the  Baltimore  Sun,  in  an 
editorial  on  the  address  (April  28)  does  not  consider  the  mat- 
ter so  readily  disposed  of,  but  regards  the  law  of  1838  as  "a 
real  difficulty  in  the  enforcement  of  the  charter,"  and  con- 
cludes :  "Most  persons  will  be  inclined  to  regard  the  address 
rather  as  an  exceedingly  entertaining,  though  somewhat 
ghostly,  contribution  to  medical  literature  than  as  a  thing  of 
fearful  substance  fortified  by  law."  This  opinion,  emanating 
as  it  probably  did  from  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Hall,  the  legal  editor 
of  the  paper  and  a  deeply  learned  lawyer,  nO'  doubt  had  much 
to  do  with  the  indifference  with  which  Dr.  Quinan's  views 
were  received. 

The  minutes  show  that  thirteen  names  were  added  to  the 
list  of  members  at  this  meeting. 

The  Secretary  laid  before  the  Faculty  a  copy  of  "An  Act  to 
Establish  a  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  and  Licensers," 
emanating  from  the  American  Medical  Association,  which,  on 
motion  of  Dr.  Gundry,  was  referred  to  a  committee  having 
charge  of  legal  matters. 

An  amendment  to  the  Constitution  with  reference  to  resig- 
nations was  passed,  viz :    "All  resignations  must  be  sent  to  the 

205 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Corresponding  Secretary,  and  can  be  accepted  only  by  the 
1886      Faculty  at  any  meeting  except  a  memorial  meeting." 

It  was  provided  that  keys  of  the  library  room  should  be  fur- 
nished by  the  Library  Committee  to  such  members  as,  desired 
them,  in  order  that  easy  access  might  be  had  to  the  room  at  any 
hour  of  the  day.  For  this  privilege  an  annual  deposit  of  $i 
was  to  be  made  with  the  librarian. 

The  meeting  closed  with  a  brief  address  by  the  President, 
which  concluded  with  these  words :  "Brethren,  while  I  am 
warned  by  the  increasing  infirmities  of  age  that  I  cannot  much 
longer  enjoy  the  privilege  of  participating  in  your  meetings, 
I  do  hope  that  my  span  of  life  may  be  extended  to  see  this 
venerable  Faculty  in  the  full  possession  of  its  ancient  vested 
rights  as  the  legal  protector  of  the  sanitary  welfare  of  the  peo- 
ple of  Maryland,  and  as  the  uncompromising  foe  of  charlatan- 
ism and  quackery."  There  never  breathed  a  truer  or  warmer 
soul  than  John  R.  Quinan,  or  one  more  entirely  devoted  to  the 
best  interests  of  this  Faculty  and  the  profession. 

The  annual  address  was  delivered  by  the  distinguished  civil 
engineer,  Col.  George  E.  Waring,  Jr.,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  who 
spoke  of  "The  Removal  and  Destruction  of  Organic  Wastes," 
upon  which  he  was  an  expert  authority.  His  address,  there- 
fore, is  one  of  the  most  valuable  papers  that  has  been  read  be- 
fore the  Society,  and  one  reads  it  now  with  a  mournful  interest 
in  view  of  the  recent  untimely  death  of  the  gifted  author. 

The  usual  number  of  valuable  reports  and  papers  upon  vari- 
ous subjects  was  presented.  I  may  be  pardoned  for  singling 
out  among  these  one  on  puerperal  eclampsia,  by  Professor 
Miltenberger,  since  it  embodies  the  experience  of  one  of  the 
foremost  obstetrical  teachers  and  practitioners  in  America. 

A  series  of  special  meetings  was  held  during  the  ensuing 
summer  and  fall  to  consider  the  legal  points  growing  out  of 

206 


PHILIP  THOMAS 
1747-1815. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Ouinan's  address  on  the  charter  right  of  license.  The 
committee  presented  its  report  on  July  20,  endorsing  the  1886 
opinion  of  the  President  as  "correct  and  unassailable."  A 
case  was  quoted  in  which  Judge  Martin,  in  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas,  gave  judgment  for  a  Thomsonian  practitioner,  who 
was  suing  for  a  bill  under  the  law  of  1838.  At  the  same 
time  the  Judge  had  stated  that  all  other  practitioners  in  the 
State  were  compelled  by  law  to  take  out  licenses.  The  com- 
mittee was  further  of  the  opinion  that  if  the  constitutionality 
of  the  law  of  1838  had  been  tested  in  the  courts,  that  law  would 
have  been  declared  null  and  void.  The  committee  therefore 
suggested  that  judicial  proceedings  be  instituted  forthwith 
against  all  quacks,  and  that  notices  be  sent  to  physicians 
throughout  the  State  not  licensed  already,  requiring  them  to 
procure  the  same,  those  holding  diplomas  by  exhibiting  these, 
and  those  without  diplomas  by  submitting  to  examination. 
After  prolonged  discussion  it  was  resolved  to  obtain  the  opin- 
ion of  the  Attorney-General  of  the  State  "as  to  the  feasibility 
of  execution  of  the  charter,"  and  the  Board  of  Examiners  was 
requested  to  discharge  this  duty.  In  due  time  the  chairman 
of  the  board.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Jones,  reported  that  the  duty  had 
been  performed,  and  that  a  reply  had  been  received  from  the 
Attorney-General  to  the  effect  that  it  was  beyond  the  scope  of 
his  authority  to  give  an  official  opinion  as  to  the  question  pro- 
pounded. There  was  much  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the 
proper  method  of  enforcing  the  charter  among  those  who 
favored  that  measure,  and  as  to  the  failure  to  secure  the  opinion 
of  the  State  law  officer,  so  that  the  matter  dragged  very  much, 
and  at  the  meeting  at  which  it  was  finally  disposed  of,  held 
January  6,  1887,  "much  apathy  in  regard  to  the  favorable  con- 
sideration of  the  subject  was  exhibited  by  the  members,  some 
leaving  the  hall,"  so  that  the  final  action  was  a  resolution  "that 
14  207 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  communication  from  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  ad- 

1886  dressed  to  the  Attorney-General  of  Maryland,  referring  to  the 
legal  rights  of  this  Faculty,  together  with  the  reply  received 
from  that  officer,  be  placed  among  the  archives  of  the  Faculty 
and  that  the  matter  be  now  ended."  Among  those  who  were  in 
favor  of  taking  action  to  revive  the  charter  were  the  commit- 
tee— Drs.  Quinan,  Waters  and  Browne — and  Drs.  Evans,  Wil- 
liams, Winslow  and  Ashby;  among  those  who  opposed  such 
action,  apparently  solely  on  the  ground  of  its  inexpediency,  were 
the  President,  Dr.  Miltenberger,  and  Drs.  I.  E.  Atkinson,  Tif- 
fany, J.  C.  Thomas,  Gundry,  Latimer,  C.  Johnston,  Brune, 
Michael,  Coskery  and  Lynch. 

1887.     The  eighty-ninth  session  was  held  at  the  hall,  corner 

1887  of  St.  Paul  and  Saratoga  Streets,  commencing  April  26,  with 
III  members  in  attendance  at  the  opening.  The  large  attend- 
ance at  this  meeting  is  noticeable;  on  the  second  day,  at  the 
delivery  of  the  President's  address,  there  were  312,  and  on 
the  third  day  172.  The  Treasurer  reported  total  expenses 
$2043.53,  which  was  $276.27  in  excess  of  the  receipts.  The 
local  societies  were  paying  an  annual  rental  of  $450.  A  tele- 
phone had  been  placed  in  the  hall.  The  Library  Committee 
had  received,  for  the  first  time,  the  amount  by  law  due  it ;  the 
total  amount  received  by  the  committee  was  $537.31.  There 
had  been  an  increase  in  the  library  of  882  volumes,  the  total 
number  now  being  5882,  of  which  680  were  duplicates.  There 
were  3173  pamphlets.  The  largest  donor  of  the  year  had  been 
Dr.  F.  Donaldson,  138  volumes.  By  exchange  134  volumes 
had  been  added,  and  only  7  by  purchase.  Theses  had  been 
received  in  exchange  from  five  German  and  one  Dutch  uni- 
versity.    The  journals  numbered  74. 

The  writer  of  this  volume  takes  the  liberty  of  making  a  per- 
sonal allusion  here  to  himself,  for  which  he  hopes  he  may  be 

208 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

pardoned.  At  this  time  he  withdrew  from  the  position  of 
Hbrarian,  after  a  service  of  seven  years.  His  withdrawal  was  1887 
involuntary,  and  was  due  to  his  unwillingness  to  assume  the 
role  of  Registrar  of  the  Nurses'  Directory,  which  a  member  of 
the  Library  Committee,  now  deceased,  insisted  upon.  His  rea- 
sons for  this  refusal  were :  ( i )  He  thought  that  the  new  duties 
would  conflict  with  those  of  librarian  and  with  the  welfare 
of  the  library,  which  demanded  all  the  time  at  his  disposal ; 
(2)  he  felt  it  derogatory  to  his  professional  position  to  become 
a  Registrar  of  a  Nurses'  Directory.  How  he  had  discharged 
his  duties  during  the  seven  years,  the  reports  of  the  Library 
Committee  during  that  period  will  show.  His  whole  heart 
and  soul  were  in  the  work,  to  which  he  gave  his  time  and 
means  during  the  best  years  of  his  life  without  stint.  During 
that  period  the  number  of  volumes  had  increased  from  2224 
to  5882,  and  the  journals  from  28  to  74.  Most  of  the  former 
additions  were  the  result  of  personal  effort.  Sets  of  journals, 
transactions,  reports,  etc.,  had  been  completed  or  largely  added 
to.  Many  pictures,  relics,  and  3173  pamphlets  had  been  col- 
lected. There  was  a  complete  double  card  catalogue,  and 
everything  in  the  library  was  systematically  arranged  and 
readily  available.  The  annual  reports  will  show  how  inade- 
quate were  the  resources  of  the  Faculty  during  these  years  for 
the  maintenance  of  its  library.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  per- 
sonal efforts  and  sacrifices  of  members,  the  work  would  soon 
have  come  to  a  standstill. 

The  miscellaneous  business  of  the  meeting  embraced  the 
following:  A  proposition  to  abolish  the  sections  was  lost.  A 
committee  of  twenty  was  appointed  to  solicit  subscriptions  to 
assist  in  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  Ninth  International 
Congress,  which  was  to  be  held  in  Washington  in  September, 
1887.     Ten  names  were  added  to  the  membership. 

209 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  President  closed  the  meeting  with  a  few  remarks,  from 
1887  which  I  c|uote  the  following :  "1  do  not  remember  a  single  year 
during  my  long  connection  with  this  time-honored  Faculty  in 
which  its  meetings  have  been  so  enjoyable,  so  instructive,  so 
well  attended.  I  believe  this  Faculty  is  on  the  road  to  greater 
success." 

The  address  of  the  President,  Dr.  Miltenberger,  was  a  schol- 
arly and  eloquent  oration  on  the  contemporary  position  of 
medicine  and  the  profession. 

The  annual  address,  on  "Modes  of  Infection,"  was  delivered 
by  Prof.  William  H.  Welch.  The  most  important  discoveries 
in  recent  times,  he  said,  had  been  made  in  bacteriology.  The 
germ  theory  was  no  longer  a  theory;  no  one  competent  to 
form  an  opinion  doubted  that  certain  infectious  diseases  were 
caused  by  micro-organisms.  The  terms  "contagious,"  "mias- 
matic-contagious" and  "miasmatic"  were  discussed  and  criti- 
cised as  no  longer  adequate.  The  spread  of  cholera  and 
typhoid  fever  was  particularly  elaborated,  and  it  was  claimed 
that  the  contagia  emitted  in  these  were  in  just  as  active  a  state 
as  those  of  smallpox  and  scarlet  fever.  Every  infectious  disease 
may  be  transmitted  artificially  from  individual  to  individual. 
Frequency  of  communication  depends  upon  the  channel  of 
elimination.  If,  as  in  malaria,  the  virus  is  not  discharged 
from  the  body,  there  is  no  communication.  If  the  virus  is  dis- 
charged only  in  fseces,  as  in  typhoid  fever  and  cholera,  con- 
tagion is  possible,  but  not  likely.  If  the  virus  be  eliminated  by 
the  skin,  and  adhere  to  scales  of  epidermis  floating  into  the 
atmosphere,  as  in  smallpox,  contagion  will  be  common.  It 
seems  improbable  that  micro-organisms  can  be  conveyed  from 
the  body  by  the  breath.  The  life  of  organisms  outside  the 
body,  as  spores  or  in  the  completely  developed  state,  was  con- 
sidered as  fully  as  the  knowledge  of  the  subject  permitted.  The 
agency  of  predisposition,  heredity,  preexisting   disease,    soil, 

2IO 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

drinking  water,  milk,  food,  actual  contact,  the  breath,  excre- 
tions, etc.,  was  treated  in  a  masterly  manner,  and  in  the  full  1887 
light  of  the  investigations  made  up  to  that  time.  Attention 
was  directed  to  the  agency  of  flies  and  other  insects  in  the 
transmission  of  disease,  a  matter  that  is  now  attracting  so  much 
attention.  Dr.  Welch  concluded  with  these  words :  "We  are 
only  upon  the  threshold  of  a  deeper  insight  into  the  nature  of 
a  class  of  diseases  which  have  been  more  devastating  to  the 
human  race  than  any  upheavals  of  nature,  or  any  wars.  They 
have  left  their  imprint  upon  the  political,  the  social  and  the 
intellectual  history  of  the  world.  One  need  not  be  of  a  very 
sanguine  temperament  to  hope  that  our  steadily  increasing 
knowledge  will  bear  fruit,  not  only  as  in  the  past,  in  the  pre- 
vention of  these  diseases,  but  also  in  a  rational  system  of  causal 
therapeutics." 

Nine  papers  and  reports  follow  the  addresses  in  the  Trans- 
actions. 

1888.  The  ninetieth  annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  St. 
Paul  Street  hall,  commencing  April  24,  the  attendance  being  1888 
large,  varying  from  176  to  213.  The  Treasurer  reported  a 
deficit  of  $243.49,  but  Dr.  Michael,  at  the  request  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee,  had  succeeded,  by  personal  solicitation,  in 
securing  $145  of  this  amount  by  private  subscription,  and  Dr. 
Taneyhill,  the  Recording  Secretary,  through  a  pharmaceutical 
exhibit,  which  he  had  gotten  up  in  the  large  room  adjoining 
the  hall  of  meeting,  had  turned  into  the  treasury  the  net  profit 
of  the  same,  amounting  to  $125.  These  sums  were  most  timely 
and  welcome,  and  reflected  great  credit  on  the  zeal  and  perse- 
verance of  those  gentlemen.  The  amount  received  from  socie- 
ties renting  the  hall  had  fallen  to  $331.25,  a  loss  of  over  $100. 
This  loss  was  due  to  the  disbandment  of  the  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine and  the  relinquishment  of  the  rooms  by  the  Academy  of 

211 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Sciences.  Contributions  had  been  made  to  the  expenses  of 
1888  the  International  Medical  Congress  of  $175.  The  Library- 
Committee  had  received  $558,  a  larger  amount  than  usual. 
There  had  been  additions  to  the  library  of  196  volumes,  mak- 
ing the  total  6078.  The  Nurses'  Directory  was  now  located 
in  the  hall  and  under  care  of  the  librarian,  who  reported  64 
nurses  enrolled,  viz :  55  female  and  9  male.  The  number  of 
calls  had  largely  increased,  and  demands  from  various  portions 
of  Maryland  and  adjoining  States  had  been  received  and  sup- 
plied. There  were  five  massage  nurses  on  the  lists.  The 
total  income  for  the  year,  $151.82,  had  been  larger  than  in  any 
previous  year,  and  there  was  a  balance  of  $3.57.  "The  pro- 
fession and  public  have  begun  to  recognize  the  importance  of 
obtaining  the  services  of  well-trained  nurses  in  all  cases  of 
sickness." 

Miscellany :  Dr.  Gundry  reported  that  the  committee,  of 
which  he  was  chairman,  appointed  to  petition  the  Legislature 
to  pass  a  law  establishing  an  institution  for  feeble-minded  chil- 
dren in  Maryland,  had  succeeded  in  its  efforts. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Ashby,  a  committee  of  nine  was  appointed 
to  endeavor  to  increase  the  membership  of  the  Faculty.  On 
motion  of  Dr.  Rohe,  two  copies  of  the  Index  Medicus  were 
ordered  to  be  procured  for  the  library. 

The  additions  to  the  membership  amounted  to  thirteen. 

The  Presidential  address,  by  Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson,  was  devoted 
to  "Medical  Charities,"  and  the  annual  address,  by  Dr.  Rich- 
ard Gundry,  was  upon  "Some  Problems  of  Mental  Action." 
Dr.  Atkinson  brought  forward  statistics  which  showed  that 
"the  aggregate  number  of  free  hospital  beds  in  Baltimore  [888, 
including  365  in  Bayview  Asylum]  does  not  bear  such  a  very 
small  proportion  to  that  of  other  large  cities ;  but  in  their 
equipment,  in  the  facilities  afforded  for  the  treatment  of  dis- 
ease and  injury,  their  deficiencies  become  lamentably  evident 

212 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

upon  comparison."  The  splendid  service  of  the  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  with  its  120  beds,  was  then  a  thing  of  the  near  1888 
future,  to  which  all  were  looking  forward  with  hope  and  con- 
fidence. Dr.  Gundry's  paper  is  a  scholarly  and  learned  one, 
showing  a  wide  range  of  reading  and  observation,  and  written 
in  the  best  style  and  in  the  best  English. 

Dr.  L.  Ernest  Neale  reported  a  case  of  Csesarean  section  and 
Dr.  J.  H.  Branham  one  of  complete  excision  of  the  larynx. 
The  number  of  papers  in  the  volume,  including  those  named, 
is  eighteen. 

1889.  The  annual  meeting  was  convened  at  the  hall,  St.  i889 
Paul  and  Saratoga  Streets,  on  April  23,  211  members  being 
present.  The  debt  had  been  reduced  to  $94.91.  The  receipts 
from  societies  renting  the  hall,  including  the  use  of  telephone, 
were  reduced  to  $267.25.  The  Library  Committee  had  received 
$649.64  ($51.40  being  from  the  Nurses'  Directory),  which  was 
the  largest  amount  ever  received  by  the  committee;  396  vol- 
umes had  been  added,  making  the  total  6474.  There  were 
3713  pamphlets.  Thirty  subscriptions  of  $5  each  had  been 
received  from  members  for  the  purchase  of  new  books.  With 
this  fund  a  number  of  new  works  had  been  purchased,  making 
a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  resources  of  the  library.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  the  committee  had  had  at  its  command 
about  $800. 

Nine  new  members  were  added  to  the  list  at  this  meeting. 

The  Committee  on  Increase  of  Membership  presented  a 
report  through  its  chairman,  Dr.  Ashby.  It  noted  that 
during  the  previous  ten  years  the  losses  had  about  equaled  the 
gains,  so  that  whilst  in  1879  there  had  been  198  members,  in 
1889  there  were  only  209.  Furthermore,  whilst  the  profession 
in  the  State,  outside  of  Baltimore,  about  twice  outnumbered 
the  profession  of  the  city,  the  great  majority  of  members  was 

213 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

from  the  city  (172  city,  37  country).     Considering  the  causes 
1889      of  this  disparity,  the  committee  found  them  in  the  excessive 
charges  for  membership  and  dues,  $10  being  required  for  the 
former  at  the  time  of  entrance  and  $8  annually  thereafter  for 
the  latter.     A  reduction  was  therefore  recommended  to  $5  per 
annum  for  city  members  and  $2  for  country  members.  To  enlist 
a   heartier    cooperation    among    country    members,    a    semi- 
annual meeting  was  suggested  in  some  one  of  the  county  seats 
of  the  State.     These  suggestions  were  adopted,  with  the  pro- 
viso that  they  were  not  to  go  into  efifect  until  April,  1890. 
The    addresses    were    that    by    Dr.    John    Morris,    Presi- 
'  dent,  on  "Crime:  Its  Physiology  and  Pathogenesis — How  Far 

can  Medical  Men  Aid  in  its  Prevention?"  and  the  annual  ad- 
dress by  Professor  Osier,  on  "The  License  to  Practice."  The 
former  was  a  scholarly  essay,  brimful  of  learning  and  wit. 
Dr.  Osier's  theme  was  the  burning  question  of  the  hour,  for 
upon  it  depended  the  advance  of  medical  education  and  the 
elevation  of  the  standard  of  attainments  in  the  profession ;  nay, 
more,  the  lives  and  health  of  the  people  at  large  demanded 
protection  against  the  dangers  of  ignorance  and  quackery. 
But  the  profession  is  not  a  unit,  and  we  have  no  right  to 
expect  Legislatures  to  recognize  us  to  the  exclusion  of  other 
classes  of  practitioners.  In  the  eyes  of  the  law  we  all  stand 
equal,  and  the  sooner  we  realize  this  the  better  for  us.  There 
were  three  courses,  according  to  Dr.  Osier,  open :  (i)  The 
prevailing  one,  in  which  the  college  is  the  sole  judge  of  the 
fitness  of  candidates ;  (2)  a  State  Board  to  examine  all  candi- 
dates, whether  holding  diplomas  or  not;  (3)  the  organization 
of  physicians  in  each  State  and  the  appointment  of  representa- 
tives by  each  to  a  central  parliament,  having  full  control  of  all 
questions  relating  to  medical  education,  examination  and  reg- 
istration.    Under  the  first;,  which  has  been  tried  and  found 

214 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

wanting,  the  chartered  corporations  controlHng  the  profession 
are  wholly  irresponsible,  without  supervision  by  the  State,  the  1889 
profession  or  the  public.  Under  this  system  a  large  percent- 
age o'f  doctors  are  still  graduated  annually,  after  only  two  ses- 
sions of  study,  or  eighteen  months  in  all — eighteen  months  in 
which  to  master  one  of  the  highest,  as  it  certainly  is  one  of  the 
most  difficult,  of  the  professions.  There  are  sent  out  now, 
year  by  year,  scores  of  men  called  doctors,  who  have  never 
attended  a  case  of  labor,  who  are  utterly  ignorant  of  everyday 
diseases,  who  have  never  seen  the  inside  of  a  hospital  ward. 
But  the  handwriting  is  on  the  wall,  and  within  ten  years  in 
scarcely  a  State  will  the  degree  carry  with  lit  the  privilege  of 
registration.  The  second  plan  was  a  decided  improvement, 
and  was  already  working  well  in  several  States.  But  Dr.  Osier 
thought  the  Examining  Board  should  be  elective  by  the  pro- 
fession, and  that  its  duties  should  be  extended  to  embrace  pre- 
liminary education,  examination  and  registration  of  candidates 
for  the  license,  and  the  control  of  all  matters  relating  to  dis- 
cipline in  the  profession.  The  examiners  at  the  preliminary 
test  should  be  teachers,  not  doctors.  It  is  not  necessary  or 
expedient  to  limit  the  examiners  for  license  to  those  outside 
the  schools,  and  in  some  of  the  more  scientific  departments  it 
would  be  impossible  to  fill  positions  from  outsiders.  This  plan 
was  illustrated  and  successfully  carried  on  in  the  Province  of 
Canada^  where  in  1865-66  the  profession  became  incorporated, 
and  has  ever  since  exercised  the  threefold  prerogative  above 
mentioned,  and  today  the  entire  profession  of  the  Province  is 
proud  of  its  Board.  The  latter  possesses  a  magnificent  build- 
ing, where  examinations  are  conducted,  and  where  there  are 
offices  for  registration  and  rooms  for  a  library. 

Among  the  twenty  papers  which  followed  the  reading  of  the 
addresses,  Dr.  Coskery  reported  a  case  of  abscess  of  the  brain, 

21; 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

for  which  the  skull  was  trephined ;   Dr.  Jay,  one  of  entire  ex- 
1889       section  of  the  ulna,  with  resection  of  the  humerus  and  radius ; 
Dr.  Welch  read  a  paper  on  "Hydrophobia,"  and  Dr.  Chris- 
topher Johnston  one  on  "Microscopy,"  etc. 

The  semi-annual  meetings  were  resumed  in  the  following 
fall,  one  being  held  at  Hagerstown,  November  12  and  13.  The 
address  of  welcome  was  delivered  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Mason  and 
gracefully  responded  to  by  the  President,  Dr.  A.  Friedenwald, 
who  said,  among  other  things,  that  the  meeting  "had  for  its 
purpose  the  inauguration  of  a  new  era  in  its  history,  looking 
to  the  consummation  of  more  intimate  relations  and  a  closer 
bond  of  fellowship  between  the  medical  practitioners  residing 
in  the  various  districts  of  the  State."  In  point  of  attendance 
and  work  done  this  meeting  seems  to  have  been  one  of  the 
most  successful  of  the  semi-annual  meetings  in  the  history  of 
the  Faculty,  "one  calculated  to  restore  the  Faculty  to  its  pris- 
tine usefulness"  (Report  of  Executive  Committee,  1890).  The 
profession  of  Washington  County  received  the  Society  with 
open  arms,  and  realizing  the  benefit  of  organization  for  itself 
also,  founded  a  local  society  in  Hagerstown.  "The  meeting 
at  Hagerstown  [continues  the  report]  demonstrated  most  con- 
clusively to  your  Committee  that  the  semi-annual  meeting  is  a 
most  important  feature  of  this  organization,  and  should  be 
perpetuated  at  every  hazard.  As  a  means  of  enlisting  the 
interest  of  the  profession  of  the  State  in  the  work  of  this  Fac- 
ulty it  is  simply  indispensable.  It  presents  the  most  ample 
opportunity  for  communication  and  intercourse  between  the 
profession  of  the  State  and  of  the  city,  by  bringing  them 
together  upon  terms  of  self-interest  and  of  individual  contact. 
Good  will  then  result  to  the  country  practitioner  and  to  his  city 
brother  by  a  better  understanding  and  appreciation  of  their 
respective  points  of  culture  and  professional  training.  Both 
classes  will  be  stimulated  to  better  work  and  to  more  harmo- 

216 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

nious  action  in  professional  organizations."  The  names  of 
twenty-eight  physicians  from  the  western  part  of  the  State 
were  recorded  as  in  attendance,  besides  those  from  Baltimore, 
and  papers  were  read  by  Drs.  R.  W.  Johnson,  Michael,  Wm. 
Lee,  Canfield,  Joseph  T.  Smith,  Winslow,  Ashby,  Preston, 
Earle  and  Chisolm. 

1890.  The  annual  meeting  was  convened  at  the  Athenaeum 
Building,  April  22,  there  being  213  physicians  present  at  the 
opening.  After  prayer  the  President,  Dr.  Friedenwald,  deliv- 
ered his  address  on  "The  Modern  Hospital,"  the  subject  being 
suggested  by  the  completion  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  and  City 
Hospitals  during  the  year. 

The  annual  oration  was  delivered  by  Dr.  Joseph  Tabor 
Johnson,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  in  the  presence  of  327  physi- 
cians. His  subject  was  "The  Importance,  the  Alarming  Fre- 
quency, the  Wickedness,  and  Some  of  the  Effects  of  Procured 
Abortion."  The  growth  o'f  this  alarming  evil,  the  importance 
of  which  overshadows  the  other  questions  of  the  day,  was 
pointed  out.  In  some  States  the  native  population  is  dying 
out,  and  legislators  Tiave  found  it  necessary  to  investigate  the 
causes  of  this  depopulation.  As  far  back  as  1857  the  American 
Medical  Association  appointed  a  committee  to  report  upon 
criminal  abortion,  with  a  view  to  its  suppression.  The  crime 
is  unlimited  in  its  scope,  and  there  are  facts  to  prove  it  is  largeh' 
more  prevalent  in  American  than  European  cities.  The  coun- 
try districts  are  not  far  behind  the  cities  in  their  destruction 
of  foetal  life.  Those  who  practice  this  nefarious  business  are 
everywhere  known,  indeed  achieve  a  widespread  fame,  yet  it 
is  the  universal  experience  that  they  are  scarcely  ever  con- 
victed. It  is  only  in  case  of  the  death  of  the  mother  by  some 
bungler  that  the  indignation  of  the  virtuous  public  and  the 

217 


1890 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

majesty  of  the  violated  law  are  aroused.  Nor  is  it  the  bad 
1890  elements  of  society  who  submit  to  the  operation.  The  best 
women  in  the  land  resort  to  it,  and  many  who  would  be 
shocked  at  the  idea  after  quickening,  hold  it  to  be  justifiable 
prior  to  that  event ;  yet  a  life  is  involved  in  either  case.  The 
law  even  makes  a  distinction  between  the  periods  of  preg- 
nancy, pronouncing  it  only  a  misdemeanor  before,  but  a  felony 
after  quickening.  The  address  concluded  with  an  enumera- 
tion of  the  ill  effects  upon  the  morals  and  physical  well  being 
of  those  engaged  in  the  nefarious  practice,  and  an  exhortation 
to  physicians  to  use  their  influence  and  opportunities  for  its 
prevention. 

F'rom  the  Treasurer's  report  we  note  a  still  further  falling 
off  in  the  rent  received  from  the  societies,  but  the  energetic 
Secretary,  Dr.  Taneyhill,  was  able  to  turn  over  at  this  meet- 
ing, as  the  result  of  the  pharmaceutical  exhibit,  the  handsome 
net  sum  of  $145.  The  State  Veterinary  Society  had  become  a 
tenant  of  the  hall  at  an  annual  rental  of  $50,  and  the  rent  of 
the  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  owing  to  its  inability  to 
pay,  had  been  reduced  to  the  same  amount. 

The  Library  Committee  had  received  during  the  year 
$626.17  in  all,  including  $46  from  Nurses'  Directory.  By  the 
appointment  of  an  assistant  librarian  the  committee  had  been 
enabled  to  keep  the  library  open  from  12  m.  to  7  p.  m.  daily, 
an  arrangement  which  had  given  great  satisfaction  to  those 
members  making  frequent  use  of  the  collection.  Two  hundred 
and  forty-six  volumes  had  been  added,  making  the  total 
number  now  6720 ;  100  volumes  of  journals  had  been  bound 
and  the  same  number  of  journals  were  regularly  received.  The 
report  on  Nurses'  Directory  (now  under  charge  of  the  Library 
Commiittee)  showed  increased  confidence  in  and  appreciation 
of  the  work  of  the  Directory  among  physicians  and  laymen. 

218 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Although  the  receipts  had  fallen  off  and  the  number  of  nurses 

was  smaller  than  previously,  the  standard  had  been  consid-       1890 

erably  elevated,  many  indifferent  ones  having  been  gotten  rid 

of,  and  others  who  had  been  trained  in  school  and  hospital 

substituted. 

Ninety-two  names  were  added  to  the  membership  of  the 
Society  through  the  energetic  efforts  of  the  Committee  on  In- 
creasing Membership,  aided  by  the  lowering  of  the  member- 
ship fee  and  annual  dues,  which  had  been  effected  at  the  pre- 
vious meeting. 

The  large  attendance  at  the  daily  sessions  was  a  feature  of 
the  session,  being  213,  327,  290  and  209,  respectively,  for  the 
four  days.  On  the  evening  of  the  third  day  the  city  members 
entertained  the  members  from  the  counties  with  a  banquet  in 
the  assembly  hall.  At  a  special  meeting  held  on  the  third  day 
action  was  taken  upon  charges  preferred  against  Dr.  J.  H.  De 
Wolf,  who  was,  upon  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Ethics 
sustaining  the  charges,  expelled  from  the  Society. 

A  communication  from  the  American  Medical  Association, 
on  "Uniform  Medical  Legislation  in  the  United  States,"  was 
read  by  the  Secretary,  and  on  his  motion  was  referred  to  the 
Executive  Committee  with  discretionary  power. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson,  the  following  was  adopted  : 

"Whereas,  An  effort  is  being  made,  with  a  reasonable  ex- 
pectation of  success^  to  establish  in  Patterson  Park  a  botanical 
garden,  which,  as  an  educational  and  ornamental  feature  of  per- 
manent improvement,  will  be  most  desirable; 

'^Resolved,  That  this  Faculty,  recognizing  the  science  of 
botany  in  its  important  relation  to  the  medical  sciences,  heartily 
favor  the  effort,  and  hereby  endorse  its  importance  as  a  valu- 
able aid  in  medicine  and  pharmacy." 

Thirteen  papers  followed  the  reading  of  the  addresses. 

219 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at  Cambridge,  Dorches- 
1890  ter  County,  November  ii  and  12.  The  Society  was  welcomed 
by  the  venerable  Dr.  Alexander  H.  Bayly,  who  acknowledged 
in  fitting  terms  the  appreciation  of  himself  and  colleagues  of 
the  compliment  conferred  in  the  selection  of  that  city  for  "the 
first  meeting  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  ever 
held  on  the  Eastern  Shore  since  its  organization."  The  ad- 
mirable address  of  the  President,  Dr.  Ashby,  followed.  Dr. 
Ashby  spoke  of  "The  Interests  and  Aims  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland."  It  was  a  handsome  trib- 
ute to  the  founders  of  the  Society,  and  an  urgent  exhortation 
to  the  profession  of  the  State  to  organize  thoroughly  in  order 
that  they  might  increase  their  influence  and  power,  and  thus 
secure  those  advantages  which  other  bodies  have  secured  in 
that  way.  I  make  the  following  extract  from  this  address, 
both  because  it  will  serve  as  a  fair  specimen  of  it,  and  because 
it  conveys  information  of  an  historical  event  of  some  interest : 
"As  a  further  outcome  of  this  meeting  in  Hagerstown  [he  re- 
fers to  the  semi-annual  meeting,  held  in  November,  1889,]  a 
convention  of  medical  men  from  various  sections  of  the  State 
was  held  in  the  city  of  Baltimore  on  the  second  day  of  January 
last,  and  there  and  then  determined  upon  an  act  of  medical  legis- 
lation which,  with  slight  modifications,  was  passed  by  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  at  Annapolis.  This  Act  has  passed  into  the 
history  of  the  profession  of  this  State.  This  is  not  a  proper 
place  and  occasion  to  particularize  in  regard  to  its  fate.  I 
will  say  here  that  this  Faculty,  as  such,  was  in  no  manner 
responsible  for  the  Act  or  for  the  fate  which  overtook  it.  The 
Act  originated  in  the  convention  as  above  stated,  and  its  pas- 
sage was  urged  by  the  almost  unanimous  sentiment  of  the 
profession  in  this  State.  Its  death  was  brought  about  by  a 
very  small  and  narrow  professional  clique,  which  exercised  a 

220 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

very  decided  and  malicious  political  power.  A  few  men  hold- 
ing positions  of  trust  in  the  dominant  political  party  in  this  1890 
State  found  in  the  Act  as  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  no 
position  and  no  emoluments  for  a  political  appointee,  and  its 
destruction  was  not  only  sought,  but  obtained.  This  medical 
bill  asked  for  no  State  appropriation  to  carry  its  provisions 
into  execution  and  to  keep  its  machinery  in  motion.  It  under- 
took to  'make  brick  without  straw,'  a  seemingly  unwise  and 
irrational  act  in  the  eyes  of  the  lover  of  the  public  soup 
house.  It  asked  for  the  entire  profession  of  the  State  the 
right  to  organize  a  Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  composed 
of  reputable  physicians  and  empower  this  Board  with  the  au- 
thority to  license  all  physicians  who  might  enter  upon  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  the  State,  subsequent  to  the  passage  of 
the  Act.  Every  necessary  safeguard  was  thrown  around  the 
applicant's  interests,  providing  for  him  a  judicious  and  impar- 
tial examination.  The  Act  aimed  to  protect  the  citizens  of 
Maryland  against  incompetent  medical  practitioners.  It  was 
unjust  towards  none,  it  was  fair  towards  all.  We  may  vainly 
speculate  as  to  the  causes  which  induced  His  Excellency  to 
withhold  his  signature  from  this  bill,  but  I  venture  to  say  here, 
that  whatever  may  have  been  the  motive  which  dictated  such  a 
course  of  action,  the  decision  reached  by  the  Chief  Executive 
of  this  State  was  not  only  disappointing  to  a  large  and  influen- 
tial body  of  citizens,  but  was  a  manifest  and  gross  disrespect  to 
the  medical  profession  of  Maryland.  It  is  not  my  desire  to 
impugn  motives,  or  to  be  disrespectful  towards  the  Gov- 
ernor of  a  great  Commonwealth,  who  is  sworn  to  protect  the 
rights  and  interests  of  all  classes  of  its  citizens,  but  I  am  pre- 
pared to  assert  here  that  if  there  was  anything  in  this  Act 
unconstitutional  or  unjust,  or  in  any  way,  shape  or  form  con- 

221 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

trary  to  tKe  best  interests  of  the  citizens  of  Maryland,  I  chal- 
1890      lenge  the  enemies  of  the  bill  to  show  it." 

So  well  was  this  address  received  that  it  was  resolved  to  print 
it  in  pamphlet  form  and  distribute  it  to  every  regular  practi- 
tioner of  medicine  in  Maryland. 

Eleven  papers  followed,  all  of  great  interest.  Among  opera- 
tions reported  was  one  of  distal  ligation  of  the  right  common 
carotid  and  subclavian  arteries  for  supposed  innominate  aneu- 
rism, with  apparent  cure,  by  Dr.  R.  Winslow. 


1891 


1 89 1.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  Athenaeum  Build- 
ing, commencing  April  28,  about  two  hundred  physicians  being 
in  attendance  at  the  opening.  An  extensive  programme  of  pro- 
ceedings had  been  published  for  the  convenience  of  members. 
The  President,  Dr.  Ashby,  read  an  address  on  "The  Relation 
of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  to  Professional  Organi- 
zation in  Maryland."  The  address  was  framed  much  upon  the 
lines  of  that  at  Chestertown,  already  noticed,  but  it  contained 
in  addition  a  highly  interesting  sketch  of  the  early  work  and 
struggles  of  the  Society.  With  regard  to  the  most  pressing 
claims  upon  the  Society  at  that  time,  the  speaker  said :  "I  as- 
sume that  any  attempt  to  revive  the  legal  authority  conferred 
by  the  charter  is  as  impracticable  as  it  is  ill-advised.  The 
Faculty  is  not  now,  in  my  humble  opinion,  in  a  position  to  inau- 
gurate any  movement  looking  to  a  renewal  of  its  functions  as  a 
licensing  body.  There  are  other  features  appertaining  to  its 
work  which  claim  more  earnest  consideration  and  demand  more 
serious  attention  at  this  time.  When  these  interests  have  been 
furthered,  the  Faculty  can  then,  if  it  sees  proper,  advance  a 
step  forward  and  assert  its  influence  in  matters  of  medical  legis- 
lation to  far  more  eminent  advantage.  In  my  judgment,  the 
most  important  work  now  before  the  Faculty  is  the  work  of 

222 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

general  organization  of  the  medical  profession  in  Maryland. 
This  work  implies  that  every  effort  should  be  made  upon  the  1891 
part  of  the  Faculty  to  enlist  in  its  ranks  and  place  on  its  roll 
the  name  of  every  worthy  member  of  the  regular  school  of 
medicine  in  Maryland.  When  this  has  been  done,  it  will  bring 
to  its  aid  and  purposes  a  material  and  moral  force  which  will 
elevate  the  profession  of  this  State  to  a  position  of  usefulness 
and  of  respectability  such  as  it  has  never  before  enjoyed.  Other 
influences  will  at  once  flow  from  this  result.  Local  medical 
societies  in  the  counties  and  cities  throughout  the  State  will 
organize,  professional  pride  and  ambition  will  be  stimulated,  an 
interest  in  medical  work  and  progress  from  a  scientific  stand- 
point and  as  a  means  of  public  advantage  will  increase,  and  not 
least  the  exercise  of  those  courtesies  and  civilities  which  come 
from  close  professional  intercourse  and  association  will  be  pro- 
moted. A  large  and  intelligent  class  of  men  bound  by  such 
fraternal  relations  as  this  Faculty  can  and  should  present,  can- 
not fail  to  have  the  strongest  influence  over  that  class  of  men 
who  repudiate  its  principles  of  work  and  ethics.  The  moral 
force  and  authority  of  thorough  organization  would  reach 
beyond  the  limits  of  its  own  body." 

In  the  evening  the  Faculty  reassembled  with  a  good  attend- 
ance, this  being  the  first  night  session  held  for  many  years. 

Thirty-two  new  members  were  added  to  the  roll. 

The  Treasurer  reported  that,  notwithstanding  the  large 
increase  of  membership,  the  expenses  had  exceeded  the  income 
for  the  year  by  $286.09  making,  with  the  deficiency  of  the  pre- 
vious year,  a  debt  of  $518.06. 

The  Library  Committee  reported  that,  owing  to  the  reduction 
in  the  annual  dues,  there  had  been  a  net  loss  in  the  committee's 
income  of  one-fourth.  The  total  receipts  (including  $92.80 
from  Nurses'  Directory)   had  been  $553.24.      The  reduction 

15  223 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

is  explained  by  the  fact  that,  in  accordance  with  the  rule  then 
1891  prevailing,  new  members  paid  no  annual  dues  but  only  an 
initiation  fee  the  first  year,  and  as  the  Library  Board  had  no 
share  in  the  latter,  no  benefit  accrued  to  it  from  the  increased 
membership.  In  consequence  of  the  small  revenue,  much  em- 
barrassment had  been  experienced  in  the  conduct  of  the 
library.  Through  the  generosity  of  members,  however,  307 
volumes  had  been  added  during  the  year,  making  the  number 
7027,  exclusive  of  840  duplicate  volumes.  Eighty -two  jour- 
nals were  regularly  received.  The  Nurses'  Directory  was 
meeting  with  success  and  the  quality  of  nurses  was  much  im- 
proved. 

The  "masterly"  annual  address  of  Professor  Welch  was  one 
of  the  leading  features  of  the  meeting.  It  dealt  with  the  recent 
investigations,  chiefly  bacteriological — regarding  diphtheria,  and 
the  bearing  of  these  upon  the  pathology,  prevention  and  treat- 
ment of  this  most  dreaded  of  all  the  infectious  diseases.  The  dis- 
covery of  its  specific  germ  had  shed  more  light  upon  this  disease 
than  that  of  any  other  affection,  perhaps  with  the  exception  of 
tuberculosis.  After  presenting  the  evidence  of  the  specific  agency 
of  the  Klebs-Loffler  bacillus,  which  had  been  slowly  brought 
out  since  its  discovery  in  1883,  viz :  its  constant  presence  in  the 
lesions,  its  isolation  in  pure  culture,  the  reproduction  of  the 
disease  by  inoculation  of  pure  cultures  and  similar  distribution 
of  the  organism  in  the  experimental  and  natural  disease,  the 
properties  of  the  organism  were  described.  Diphtheria  is  with- 
out doubt  local  in  its  origin,  and  the  bacillus  is  only  found  in 
the  membrane,  the  constitutional  symptoms  being  due  to  the 
toxic  substance  which  it  produces.  The  expired  breath  cannot 
convey  the  organisms,  but  if  dried  they  may  be  inhaled.  They 
are  among  the  most  hardy  of  the  non-spore  bearing  bacilli. 
The  toxin  is  a  non-crystallizable,  non-alkaloidal,  non-volatile, 

224 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRITRGICAL  FACULTY 

white,  amorphous  mass,  probably  proteid  in  character,  soluble 
in  water  and  of  appalling  potency.  It  is  analogous  to  the  1891 
venom  of  serpents.  Injected  in  animals,  it  produces  all  the 
symptoms  except  the  pseudo-membrane,  the  bacilli  being  neces- 
sary for  this.  It  varies  in  virulence  more  than  any  pathogenic 
organism  known,  and  this  accounts  for  differences  in  severity 
of  cases  and  epidemics  of  the  disease.  The  bacillus  offers  a 
positive  means  of  diagnosis  of  diphtheria.  Not  all  pseudo^ 
membranous  inflammations  of  the  throat  are  due  to  it ;  in  those 
of  early  scarlet  fever  it  is  replaced  by  a  streptococcus,  and  even 
in  apparently  primary  cases  it  is  not  found.  Notwithstanding 
some  confusion,  diphtheria  "seems  to  me  even  now  sufficiently 
well  characterized  as  to  its  symptomatology,  pathological  anat- 
omy and  etiology  to  constitute  a  definite  and  independent  dis- 
ease, which  need  not  be  confounded  with  other  diseases."  It 
could  not  yet  be  decided  whether  "membranous  croup"  (local, 
non-contagious)  existed  independently  of  diphtheria.  In 
many  cases  of  pseudo-membranous  laryngitis,  the  bacillus  of 
Loffler  had  been  found,  and  not  only  in  the  membrane,  but  on 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx  when  there  was  no  mem- 
brane; in  other  similar  cases  the  streptococcus  alone  had  been 
found.  Streptococcus  and  staphylococcus  infection  often  com- 
plicates true  diphtheria,  and  to  this  are  due  the  broncho  or  aspi- 
ration-pneumonia, ulcerative  endocarditis,  suppurating  glands, 
serous  inflammations  and  erysipelas.  The  transmission  of  diph- 
theria from  cats,  cattle  and  fowls,  and  by  the  milk,  was  consid- 
ered still  sub  jiidice.  The  prevention  and  treatment  were  con- 
sidered in  the  light  of  the  new  discoveries.  These  included 
strict  isolation,  disinfection  of  room,  discharges,  etc.,  the  avoid- 
ance of  infected  milk,  cats,  etc.,  prompt  treatment  of  catarrhal 
conditions  of  throat,  cleanliness  of  mouth  and  use  of  antiseptic 

225 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

mouth  washes,  gargles,  etc.,  the  providing  of  free  sunHght  and 
1891       air,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  antidote,  supporting  measures. 

We  were  just  on  the  eve  then  of  the  discovery  of  the  diph- 
theria antitoxin,  and  it  is  interesting  to  read  the  following  in 
Professor  Welch's  address :  "The  interesting  experiments  of 
Behring  and  Kitasato  upon  the  production  of  immunity  against 
tetanus  and  diphtheria  encourage  us  to  hope  that  we  may  in 
time  come  into  the  possession  of  direct  antidotes  to  the  chemi- 
cal poisons  of  these  diseases.  These  experiments  have  shown 
that  the  blood  and  the  blood  serum  of  animals  naturally,  or  ren- 
dered artificially,  immune  against  diphtheria,  possess  the  re- 
markable property  of  neutralizing  or  destroying  the  toxic  sub- 
stances produced  by  bacilli  diphtherise,  and  that  immunity  de- 
pends upon  this  property.  The  same  is  true  of  tetanus. 
Whether  or  not  any  therapeutic  application  in  human  beings 
can  be  successfully  made  of  this  property  of  the  blood  of  im- 
mune animals  has  not  yet  appeared."  Again  :  "The  new  light 
has  not  yet  penetrated  into  all  of  the  dark  corners,  but  when 
we  consider  what  has  been  gained  in  less  than  a  decade  we  are 
justified  in  expecting  that  here  also  obscurity  will  disappear, 
and  that  diphtheria  will  become  in  all  respects  one  of  the  best 
understood,  and,  we  may  hope,  one  of  the  most  successfully 
combated  of  the  grave  infectious  diseases." 

The  papers  and  reports  of  the  meeting  were  of  unusual  inter- 
est. In  the  Section  on  Obstetrics  Dr.  Michael  read  a  paper  on 
"Obstetrical  Antisepsis,"  and  gave  the  statistics  of  the  Free 
Lying-in  Hospital,  where  there  had  been  308  cases  without  a 
septic  death.  Bichloride  of  mercury  was  the  antiseptic  favored, 
a  I- 1 000  solution  for  hands  and  genitalia  and  a  1-4000  solution 
for  ante  and  post-partum  douche.  Dr.  Rohe  reported  the 
details  of  a  second  hundred  cases  at  the  Maternite  (his  first 
series  having  been  presented  at  the  annual  meeting  of  1890). 

226 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  total  of  cases  treated  at  this  hospital  was  377,  and  in  these 
there  had  been  no  septic  death.  The  bichloride  was  also  used  1891 
here.  Dr.  William  S.  Gardner,  from  observations  made  at  the 
Maternite,  proved  that  there  was  no  such  thing  as  milk  fever 
in  the  normal  puerperium,  lactation  influencing  to  an  appre- 
ciable extent  neither  pulse  nor  temperature.  Quotations  from 
leading  text-books  showed  that  the  doctrine  was  therein  taught. 
Dr.  H.  Newell  Martin  read  two  papers,  "Recent  Discoveries  in 
the  Physiology  of  Ganglion  Cells,"  and  "Vaso-motor  Nerves  of 
the  Heart."  Dr.  J.  C.  Hemmeter  read  a  paper  on  "Effects  of 
Certain  Drugs  on  the  Velocity  of  the  Blood  Current."  One  of 
the  most  valuable  of  the  reports  was  that  of  Dr.  Hiram  Woods, 
on  "Blindness  in  the  United  States." 

A  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  in  the  fall  at  Rockville, 
Montgomery  County.  The  attendance  was  twenty-seven.  The 
address  of  welcome  was  made  by  Dr.  E.  E.  Stonestreet,  on 
behalf  of  the  Montgomery  County  Medical  Society.  The  Presi- 
dent (Professor  Welch)  delivered  an  address  on  "The  Bacillus 
Coli  Communis."  Among  the  local  physicians  who  read  papers 
were  Dr.  Edward  Anderson,  "Typhoid  Fever,"  and  Dr.  Charles 
E.  Stone,  "Early  Diagnosis  and  Operation  in  Osteo-sarcoma 
of  the  Lower  Bones." 


1892.  The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  St.  Paul  and  Sara- 
toga Streets.  At  the  opening,  April  26,  there  were  about  two 
hundred  physicians.  The  volume  of  the  year  was  considerably 
cut  down  in  size  from  previous  years,  numbering  but  124  pages, 
while  that  of  the  previous  year  numbered  397.  The  reason 
for  this  reduction  was  stated  to  be  "scarcity  of  funds."  All 
papers  read  before  the  Society  were  omitted  except  the  Presi- 
dent's address.  The  annual  oration,  delivered  on  the  evening 
of  the  third  day  by  Dr.  Frederick  E.  Lange,  of  New  York  City, 

22^ 


1892 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

had  to  be  omitted,  as  all  efforts  to  secure  a  copy  of  it  from  the 
1892  author  failed.  Its  subject  was  "The  Pathology  and  Treatment 
of  Acute  Spontaneous  Osteomyelitis."  The  reason  for  this 
curtailment  appears  in  the  Treasurer's  report,  which  shows  a 
deficiency  that  had  now  grown  to  the  large  sum  of  $959.52. 
This  plan  of  publishing  only  the  two  chief  addresses,  the  re- 
ports of  officers  and  committees,  and  the  minutes,  has  been 
continued  to  the  present  time,  the  funds  being  needed  for,  and 
as  was  thought  better  applied  to,  other  uses.  It  must  not  be 
supposed  that  this  indicates  an  indifference  or  lethargy  on  the 
part  of  the  Society,  for,  as  will  appear,  the  latter  has  never  in 
all  its  history  shown  such  vitality  and  energy  as  during  the  last 
seven  years,  which  have  witnessed  such  wonderful  changes  and 
development  in  our  ancient  organization. 

Dr.  Christopher  Johnston  presented  to  the  Society  bronze 
busts  of  Nathan  R.  Smith  and  John  Buckler,  which  had  be- 
longed to  his  father.  A  committee  of  five  was  appointed,  at 
the  request  of  the  Secretary-General  of  the  Pan-American 
Medical  Congress  (held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1893)  to  co- 
operate with  that  body  in  furthering  its  interests  and  purposes. 
A  committee  of  nine  was  appointed  to  nominate  seven  members 
to  constitute  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  the  State  of 
Maryland,  in  accordance  with  the  Act  passed  by  the  Legis- 
lature at  its  recent  session.  The  names  brought  in  by  this  com- 
mittee were  Drs.  Samuel  T.  Earle  and  William  F.  Lockwood, 
of  Baltimore ;  Dr.  F.  B.  Smith,  of  Frederick ;  Dr.  William  F. 
Hines,  of  Chestertown ;  Dr.  James  Bordley,  of  Centreville ; 
Dr.  J.  McPherson  Scott,  of  Hagerstown,  and  Dr.  W.  W.  Wiley, 
of  Cumberland.  To  these  gentlemen  was  entrusted  for  the 
next  four  years  the  responsibility  of  inaugurating  and  carrying 
to  a  brilliant  success  this  important  work.  How  well  they  and 
their   successors   have   discharged   their    duty   is    well   known 

228 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

among  us,  for  they  have  reflected  the  highest  credit  upon  our 
Society  and  State.     They  have  given  their  time  and  services       1892 
without  reward,  and  have  exhibited  in  the  execution  of  their 
task  intelhgence,  courage  and  zeal  of  the  highest  order. 

The  good  work  of  the  Committee  on  Increasing  the  Mem- 
bership continued,  and  with  the  aid  of  other  members,  and 
especially  through  the  circular  sent  by  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary to  the  1383  regular  practitioners  in  the  State,  resulted  in 
adding  to  the  membership  128  new  names.  An  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  was  adopted  giving  to  the  support  of  the 
library  one-half  of  all  initiation  fees  and  annual  dues. 

Resolutions  were  adopted  recommending  to  the  Mayor  and 
City  Council  the  advisability  of  at  once  adopting  some  approved 
system  of  steam  disinfection  under  pressure  in  place  of  ineffi- 
cient methods  then  in  vogue,  and  a  committee  of  five  was  ap- 
pointed to  present  the  same  to  the  city  authorities. 

A  very  important  action  taken  at  this  meeting  was  the  pro- 
posal of  amendments  to  the  Constitution  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee doing  away  with  the  Sections.  The  Executive  Com- 
mittee was  increased  to  seven,  including  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer  as  ex  officio  members.  The  Committee  on 
Programme  was  entrusted  with  the  duty  of  procuring  papers  to 
be  read  at  the  annual  and  semi-annual  meetings. 

The  Treasurer's  report  pointed  out  the  necessity  of  retrench- 
ment and  economy.  The  Library  Board  discussed  "the  ham- 
pered condition  of  the  finances,"  notwithstanding  which  they 
had  been  able  to  continue  to  keep  the  room  open  for  six  hours, 
with  a  librarian  and  assistant  in  attendance."  The  committee 
had  received  $519.36,  or  $123  less  than  the  appropriation,  the 
debts  of  the  Faculty  forbidding  the  payment  of  the  full 
amount.  The  Nurses'  Directory  (under  control  of  the  com- 
mittee) was  in  a  flourishing  condition,  having  sixty-one  nurses 

229 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

on  the  roll,  of  whom  sixteen  were  graduates  of  training  schools 
1892  and  nine  of  a  Maternite.  The  demand  for  nurses  had  exceeded 
the  supply.  Notwithstanding  the  general  profession  still  re- 
frained from  resorting  to  the  Directory,  the  revenues  from  the 
latter  had  for  some  months  paid  the  salaries  of  both  librarians 
and  registrar. 

One  cannot  but  admire  the  energy  and  ceaseless  activity  of 
certain  members  at  this  time  in  behalf  of  the  interests  of  the 
Society.  They  seemed  to  vie  with  each  other  in  the  effort  to 
raise  funds,  to  secure  new  recruits  and  to  advance  in  every  way 
the  welfare  of  the  organization.  One  of  the  fruits  of  this  zeal 
was  the  receipt  of  $i6o  at  this  meeting  from  the  exhibition  of 
drugs,  etc.  For  that  welcome  aid  to  its  resources  the  Society 
was,  as  in  previous  years,  indebted  to  its  Secretary,  Dr.  Taney- 
hill. 

Allusion  was  made  in  the  Executive  Committee's  report  to 
a  reduction  which  had  been  threatened  during  the  year  in  the 
appropriations  made  by  Congress  to  the  library  of  the  Surgeon- 
General's  office.  This  was  considered  of  such  importance  that 
a  special  meeting  of  the  Faculty  had  been  called  to  protest 
against  it  and  resolutions  were  adopted  and  mailed  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  from  Mary- 
land. It  may  be  added  that  through  these  and  other  similar 
exertions  the  misfortune  of  a  reduction  of  appropriation  to  this 
great  collection  was  averted. 

As  has  been  stated,  the  only  address  published  in  the  volume 
of  this  year  was  Professor  Welch's,  the  subject  of  which  was 
"The  Etiology  of  Acute  Lobar  Pneumonia,  considered  from  a 
Bacteriological  Point  of  View."  The  subject  was  treated  in  a 
way  similar  to  the  address  of  the  same  physician  on  diphtheria, 
delivered  at  the  previous  annual  meeting.  The  address  had  a 
peculiar  interest  for  the  members  of  the  Faculty,  because  Dr. 

230 


CHARLES    A.    WARFIELD 

1751-1813. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Sternberg,  the  discoverer  of  this  bacillus,  first  made  known  his 
researches  through  this  Society,  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1881.  1892 
Dr.  Sternberg  discovered  the  bacillus  in  September,  1880,  at 
New  Orleans,  by  inoculating  rabbits  with  his  saliva.  He  thus 
isolated  a  micrococcus^  "the  coccus  of  sputum  septicaemia." 
Three  months  later  Pasteur  found  the  same  organism  by  inocu- 
lating the  saliva  of  a  child  dead  with  hydrophobia  into  rabbits. 
Neither  at  that  time  knew  of  its  relationship  to  pneumonia.  It 
was  reserved  for  Frankel,  in  1886,  to  recognize  its  causal  rela- 
tions to  that  disease.  Of  the  various  names  applied  to  it  by 
different  investigators^  Dr.  Welch  preferred  that  of  micrococcus 
lanceolatus,  indicative  of  its  oval  shape,  with  one  end  more 
tapering  than  the  other,  like  the  flame  of  a  candle.  The  name 
diplococcus  pneumoniae,  expressing  the  arrangement  in  pairs, 
is  objectionable,  because  it  is  concerned  in  the  causation  of  other 
diseases  besides  pneumonia,  as  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  pleu- 
risy, pericarditis,  peritonitis,  endocarditis,  nephritis,  enteritis, 
parotitis  and  arthritis,  and  doubtless  many  other  local  inflam- 
mations. It  is  non-motile,  never  forms  spores,  is  surrounded 
by  a  clear  gelatinous  capsule,  which  can  be  stained  with  various 
aniline  dyes.  One  of  its  most  striking  features,  both  in  the  ani- 
mal body,  and  especially  in  cultures,  is  its  short  viability.  It 
varies  greatly  in  its  degrees  of  virulence.  It  produces  a  toxic 
substance  ("pneumotoxin" — Klemperer),  of  the  chemical  con- 
stitution of  which  we  know  very  little.  To  this  toxin  are  due 
the  diffuse  fatty  and  parenchymatous  degenerations,  which 
were  formerly  attributed  to  high  temperature.  Both  clinical 
experience  and  the  bacteriological  study  of  the  disease  support 
the  view  that  in  the  majority  of  cases  the  grave  constitutional 
manifestations  are  due  to  toxins  circulating  in  the  blood  and 
acting  injuriously  on  the  respiratory  centres  and  other  parts  of 
the  nervous  system,  on  the  heart,  the  kidneys  and  other  parts. 

231 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  organism  is  a  frequent  inhabitant  of  the  mouth  in  health, 
1892  occurring,  in  the  virulent  state,  in  the  mouths  of  fifteen  to 
twenty  per  cent  of  healthy  adults  and  in  the  mouths  of  those 
who  have  recovered  from  pneumonia  in  the  proportion  of 
sixty-six  per  cent. 

With  regard  to  securing  immunity  in  man  by  the  inoculation 
of  serum  or  cultural  bacterial  products,  Professor  Welch  said : 
"We  are  in  the  midst  of  a  period  of  active  experimentation, 
revealing  new  and  unexpected  facts  and  points  of  view  con- 
cerning this  whole  subject,  and  it  would  be  hazardous  to  pass 
any  verdict  at  the  present  moment." 

The  following  paragraph,  the  concluding  one  of  the  address, 
shows  the  state  of  confusion  in  which  the  treatment  of  pneu- 
monia stood  (and  still  stands),  and  conveys  a  valuable  hint  to 
the  clinician  :  "Even  if  it  were  in  our  power  to  arrest  the  hyper- 
semia  and  exudation  of  leucocytes  and  other  products  of  inflam- 
mation, we  should  confer  a  very  doubtful  benefit  upon  the 
patient,  unless  at  the  same  time  we  injured  the  bacteria.  It  is 
very  likely  that  in  so  doing  we  should  rob  nature  of  a  weapon 
which  she  is  using  as  efficaciously  as  possible  against  these 
invading  micro-organisms.  It  is  doubtless  often  a  fortunate 
thing  for  the  patient  that  it  is  not  within  the  power  of  the  physi- 
cian to  accomplish  what  he  considers  to  be  indicated  in  the  way 
of  treatment." 

The  semi-annual  meeting  for  the  year  was  held  at  Easton, 
November  15  and  16.  There  were  forty-five  physicians  in 
attendance,  and  the  address  of  welcome  was  delivered  by  Dr. 
E.  R.  Trippe.  Eighteen  papers  were  read  on  a  variety  of  sub- 
jects, and  elicited  interesting  discussions. 


1893 


1893.     An  important  special  meeting  was  held  on  Januarj^  30, 
the  objects  of  which  were  to  urge  upon  Congress  to  continue 

232 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  annual  governmental  appropriation  for  the  publication  of 
the  Index  Catalogue  of  the  Surgeon-General's  Library,  and  to  1893 
take  more  decided  action  regarding  public  health.  Resolutions 
upon  the  former  subject  were  adopted  upon  the  motion  of  Dr. 
I.  E.  Atkinson.  They  protested  most  earnestly  against  the 
withdrawal  of  the  appropriation  for  this  magnificent  publica- 
tion, "which  is  a  complete  bibliography  of  medicine  and  an 
object  of  especial  interest  and  pride  to  the  medical  profession." 
It  was  stated  that  thirteen  volumes  of  the  work  had  already 
been  published  and  three  only  remained  to  complete  it.  The 
resolutions  were  ordered  to  be  sent  to  the  representatives  in 
Congress  from  Maryland.  Discussion  developed  the  fact  that 
several  of  the  officers  of  the  Faculty  had  already  telegraphed 
to  members  of  Congress  on  the  subject.  That  those  efforts  had 
an  important  bearing  upon  the  result  we  cannot  doubt ;  at  any 
rate,  a  restoration  of  the  appropriation  followed  this  prompt  and 
vigorous  action. 

In  regard  to  the  other  matter,  allusion  was  made  to  the  par- 
tial success  already  secured  in  the  establishment  of  a  permanent 
disinfecting  station^  and  the  encouragement  thus  afforded  to 
press  on  in  the  same  lines.  The  question  of  the  introduction 
of  infectious  diseases^,  and  especially  cholera,  which  had  pre- 
vailed extensively  in  Europe  the  previous  summer,  was  also 
now  pressing  upon  the  attention  of  the  community,  and  the 
Faculty  could  not  be  behindhand  in  participating  in  it.  In 
accordance  with  this  view,  the  following  resolution,  offered  by 
Professor  Welch,  was  adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  an  Advisory  Committee  on  Public  Health  be 
appointed  by  the  President  of  this  Faculty.  This  committee 
shall  consist  of  seven  members,  including  the  President.  It 
shall  be  empowered  to  consider  matters  relating  to  public 
health  and  the  protection  of  our  city  against  the  importation  and 

233 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Spread  of  infectious  diseases.     It  may  consult  and  act  with  the 
1893      Commissioner  of  Health,  and  with  committees  and  representa- 
tives of  other  organizations  in  regard  to  these  matters." 

A  special  meeting  was  also  held  on  February  8  for  the  pur- 
pose of  urging  upon  Congress  a  suitable  bill  enlarging  the 
powers  of  quarantine  officers,  but  as  a  satisfactory  bill  had 
been  passed  since  the  calling  and  convening  of  the  meeting, 
all  that  remained  to  be  done,  after  discussing  the  subject,  was 
to  endorse  this  National  Quarantine  Bill,  and  especially  to 
thank  Hon.  Isidor  Rayner,  our  M.  C,  for  his  good  work  in 
urging  it  to  a  successful  issue. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  at  the  Athenseum.  Build- 
ing, with  a  very  large  attendance.  This  was  the  last  meeting 
at  which  "Section"  reports  were  presented,  the  Sections  being 
now  done  away  with.  For  fifty  years  this  plan  had  prevailed,  be- 
ginning in  the  30's  with  an  annual  report  on  the  progress  of 
medicine  and  developing  into  a  similar  report  from  each 
branch.  It  was  now  urged  that  this  method  was  antiquated, 
and  involved  unnecessary  loss  of  time.  In  former  times,  when 
means  of  communication  and  access  to  literature  were  limited, 
such  resumes  were  helpful,  but  now  this  information  could  be 
readily  obtained  from  numerous  sources,  so  that  the  yearly  re- 
ports were  no  longer  a  necessity ;  in  fact,  were  unprofitable  and 
stale.  This  view  was  adopted,  and  in  place  of  Sections  a  Com- 
mittee on  Programme  was  created,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to 
provide  for  adequate  volunteer  papers  and  discussions. 

The  following  were  the  abolished  Sections:  i.  Surgery; 
2,  Practice ;  3,  Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology ;  4,  Materia  Medica 
and  Chemistry ;  5,  Sanitary  Science ;  6,  Anatomy,  Physiology 
and  Pathology;  7,  Psychology  and  Medical  Jurisprudence; 
8,  Microscopy,  Micro-chemistry  and  Spectral  Analysis ;  9,  Oph- 
thalmology, Otology  and  Lar}^ngology. 

234 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

At  this  meeting,  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  previously 
adopted,  a  discussion  had  been  arranged  by  the  Executive  Com-  1893 
mittee  on  "Puerperal  Infection,  with  Special  Reference  to  Auto- 
Infection,"  the  referees  being  Drs.  Michael  on  etiology  and 
prophylaxis,  J.  Whitridge  Williams  on  bacteriology,  and  Ashby 
on  clinical  history  and  treatment.  The  result  of  this  new  de- 
parture, which  was  in  accord  with  the  spirit  of  the  times,  was  a 
series  of  valuable  papers  and  a  discussion,  participated  in  by 
Drs.  Brinton,  Gardner,  Neale,  P.  C.  Williams,  Bond,  Schaeffer 
and  Hill. 

Under  the  head  of  miscellaneous  business  a  letter  was  read 
from  the  Ministerial  Union  of  Baltimore  asking  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  committee  to  cooperate  in  exerting  an  influence  for 
"moral  reform."  In  accordance  with  the  request  a  committee 
of  three  was  appointed.  Thirty-four  active  members  were 
added  to  the  roll  and  the  following  were  elected  to  honorary 
membership:  Joseph  Tabor  Johnson,  M.D.,  of  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  Frederick  Lange,  M.D.,  of  New  York,  and  Reginald  H. 
Fitz,  M.D.,  of  Boston.  The  following  resolution,  recommended 
in  the  report  of  the  Library  Committee,  was  adopted :  "That 
a  committee  of  fifteen  be  appointed  by  the  outgoing  President 
to  consider  the  ways  and  means  of  a  permanent  location  for  the 
Faculty."  On  motion  of  Dr.  Taneyhill,  it  was  ordered  that 
said  committee  report  at  a  called  meeting,  when  they  have  sug- 
gestions and  matured  plans  to  report.  These  resolutions  have 
an  importance  in  view  of  the  fact  that  they  represent  the  first 
step  in  the  movement  resulting  in  the  securing  the  present 
building  of  the  Faculty,  on  Hamilton  Terrace.  The  pharma- 
ceutical exhibit  brought  in  the  sum  of  $155.  The  Treasurer's 
report  showed  a  deficit,  handed  down  from  the  previous  year, 
of  $559.52.  The  receipts  and  expenditures  each  amounted  to 
$2196.90.    The  following  items  appear  in  the  Treasurer's  report: 

235 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICxVL  FACULTY 

From  rent  of  hall  (including-  telephone),  $351  ;  advertisements 
1893  in  Transactions  of  1891,  $65.  The  so-called  conversation  room 
and  committee  room  of  the  building-  had  been  rented  to  Drs.  C. 
Hampson  Jones  and  W.  F.  Smith  for  the  use  of  their  classes, 
at  $140  per  annum.  It  appears  from  the  Recording  Secre- 
tary's report  that  a  preliminary  circular  of  this  meeting  had  been 
drafted  by  the  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Profes- 
sor Welch,  and  1200  copies  of  the  same  sent  out  to  physicians 
of  the  city  and  State,  not  members  of  the  Faculty,  presenting  the 
claims  and  advantages  of  the  Society  to  them.  The  results  in 
membership  had  been  highly  satisfactory.  The  receipts  of  the 
Library  Committee  had  been  $840.04,  including  $120.88  from 
the  Nurses'  Directory.  Fifty  journals  were  received,  and  there 
had  been  donations  of  220  volumes ;  new  books  had  been  pur- 
chased to  the  amount  of  $32.  The  committee  suggested  that 
"the  library  would  be  much  more  useful  if  situated  in  a  more 
accessible  location,  and  the  Nurses'  Directory  would  also  bring 
in  a  much  larger  income  under  such  .circumstances." 

There  are  two  important  reports  in  this  volume  (if  volume 
it  can  be  called — it  is  little  more  than  a  good-sized  pamphlet), 
one  being  on  preventable  blindness,  the  other  on  infectious 
hospital  and  disinfecting  plant.  Ophthalmia  neonatorum, 
the  chief  cause  of  blindness,  was  traced  to  the  ignorant  and 
careless  midwife,  although  physicians  are  not  blameless.  A 
law  to  regulate  the  practice  of  midwifery  in  Maryland  was 
badly  needed.  All  women  applying  for  a  license  to  practice 
midwifery  should  show  their  qualifications  to  handle  normal 
labors.  They  should  also  be  required  to  report  promptly  to  a 
physician,  or  the  health  authorities,  all  cases  of  ophthalmia 
neonatorum.  The  committee  recommended  that  a  law  should 
be  drafted  regulating  the  practice  of  midwifery  and  brought 
before  the  next  Legislature  under  the  sanction  of  the  Faculty. 

236 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY" 

The  Committee  on  Infectious  Hospital  and  Disinfecting  Plant 
reported  that  they  had  joined  forces  with  the  Charity  Organiza-  1893 
tion  Society,  and  a  number  of  business  organizations  had  been 
invited  to  join  these  in  urging  the  matter  upon  the  Mayor  and 
City  Council.  By  these  an  ordinance  had  been  framed  provid- 
ing for  an  appropriation  by  the  City  Council  of  $35,000  for  the 
hospital  for  infectious  diseases  and  $10,000  for  the  disinfect- 
ing plant ;  also,  making  certain  recommendations  regarding 
their  construction,  etc.  The  joint  Committee  on  Public  Health 
from  the  City  Council  was  also  interviewed,  and  by  these  vari- 
ous efforts,  principally  devolving  upon  the  Committee  of  the 
Faculty,  the  passage  of  the  ordinance  had  been  effected,  and 
being  subsequently  signed  by  the  Mayor,  it  had  thus  become 
a  law. 

The  two  published  addresses  were  those  of  the  President, 
Dr.  Tiffany,  and  of  the  annual  orator,  Dr.  Reginald  H.  Fitz, 
Hersey  Professor  of  Practice  in  Harvard  University.  The  for- 
mer chose  for  his  subject  "The  Treatment  of  Facial  Neuralgia 
by  Excision  of  Intra-cranial  Portions  of  the  Fifth  Nerve."  The 
operation  was  that  of  Hartley,  consisting  of  division  of  the 
second  and  third  branches  of  the  nerve  and  removal  of  the 
Gasserian  ganglion  by  opening  the  head  in  the  temporal  region 
and  turning  the  flap  downwards.  In  three  of  four  cases  oper- 
ated on  by  Dr.  Tiffany,  relief  was  complete  and  permanent ;  in 
the  fourth  case  the  patient  had  not  been  seen  since  the  opera- 
tion and  the  result  was  not  known.  The  patients  were  left  with 
areas  of  skin  ansesthesia  over  the  right  temple  and  cheek,  but 
these  areas  still  appreciated  sensations  of  heat  and  cold  in  two 
of  the  three  cases  whose  history  was  known.  The  sense  of  taste 
was  not  lost.  There  was  no  disturbance  of  function  or  nutri- 
tion in  the  eye.  In  two  cases  the  meningeal  artery  was  torn 
in  making  the  bone  flap,  and  had  to  be  tied.     The  muscles  of 

237 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

mastication  were  paralyzed,  but  there  were  no  trophic  changes. 
1893  The  operation  was  long-,  but  recovery  was  rapid  and  complete. 
The  wounds  healed  at  once,  except  in  one  case,  where  the 
patient  scratched  the  wound  and  infected  it.  "By  leaving  intact 
the  motor  branch  of  the  third  division  the  patient  would  not 
have  food  collect  in  the  cheek  of  the  paralyzed  side,  and  in  future 
operations  an  effort  should  be  made  towards  this  end." 

Professor  Fitz  discussed  the  differential  diagnosis  of  the  vari- 
ous forms  of  intra-peritoneal  hemorrhage  and  their  treatment. 
In  opening  his  address  he  referred  to  the  fact  that  Harvard  had 
been  obliged  to  seek  aid  from  us,  having  called  Professor  Coun- 
cilman to  its  chair  of  pathology  and  Professor  Howell  to  that 
of  physiology.  Referring  to  the  approaching  inauguration  of 
our  great  Medical  School,  he  said :  "It  is  for  your  University  to 
establish  and  elaborate  the  model  American  medical  school  of  the 
coming  generation.  *  *  *  However  high  may  be  its  standard, 
it  can  be  none  too  high  for  other  schools  to  strive  for.  The  suc- 
cess of  its  efforts  lies  in  the  hands  of  such  organizations  as  your 
honored  Society,  and  of  kindred  societies  throughout  the  land." 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  in  the  fall  of  the  year  at 
Annapolis.  Through  the  courtesy  of  Gov.  Frank  Brown  the 
sessions  were  held  in  the  Senate  Chamber.  The  attendance 
was  fifty-five,  the  largest  on  record  at  any  meeting  ever  held  in 
the  counties.  The  address  of  welcome  was  made  by  Dr.  Abram 
Claude,  who  in  the  course  of  it  referred  to  his  fifty-five  years 
of  professional  life  at  the  Capital.  Twenty  papers  were  read 
and  animated  discussions  held,  the  Governor  participating  in 
the  latter. 

It  seems  a  great  pity  that  the  Faculty  has  not  been  able  to 
preserve  in  its  archives  copies  of  these  and  other  valuable  papers 
read  before  it.  Since  1891  no  papers  other  than  annual  ad- 
dresses have  been  printed  in  the  annual  Transactions,  and  hence 

238 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

■those  not  appearing  in  some  journal  have  been  lost  to  us  for- 
ever. When  we  think  how  regrettable  is  the  loss  of  the  con-  1893 
tributions  made  at  the  early  meetings  of  the  Society,  from  a 
failure  to  publish  them,  we  can  conceive  of  the  feelings  with 
which  our  successors  in  the  next  century  and  later  will  contem- 
plate our  neglect.  If  not  published  in  full,  certainly  abstracts 
of  them  should  appear. 

The  Naval  Academy  was  visited  by  invitation,  and  a  banquet 
was  held  on  the  evening  of  the  first  day  at  the  M'aryland  Hotel, 
at  which  forty  were  present. 

The  President,  Dr.  Rohe,  made  an  address  in  which  the  fol- 
lowing expressive  paragraph  occurred:  "A  legitimate  object 
of  organization  is  to  use  it  as  a  power  to  secure  legislation,  not 
legislation  for  our  benefit  as  physicians,  but  legislation  for  the 
public  good.  The  medical  profession  wants  nothing  for  itself 
from  the  Legislature.  The  legislation  in  which  the  profession 
is  interested  is  such  as  will  be  for  the  benefit  of  the  whole  peo- 
ple. Public  health  laws,  medical  registration  laws,  lunacy  laws, 
were  all  intended  for  the  good  of  the  public,  although  always 
originated  and  their  enactment  promoted  by  the  efforts  of  phy- 
sicians." 

As  the  result  of  attention  being  brought  to  the  subject  of  the 
care  and  treatment  of  the  insane,  in  papers  on  these  subjects 
read  by  Drs.  Preston  and  William  Lee,  a  resolution  was  adopted 
appointing  a  committee  to  consider  the  matter  and  bring  it  be- 
fore the  Legislature  and  Governor,  with  a  view  to  obtaining 
action  upon  it.  The  committee  consisted  of  twenty-two  mem- 
bers from  Baltimore  and  most  of  the  counties. 

A  formal  request  was  received  from  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Medicine,  asking  the  cooperation  of  the  Faculty  in  securing 
the  passage  by  Congress  of  a  Bill  to  establish  a  Bureau  of  Pub- 
lic Health  within  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  United  States, 

16  239 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

proposed  by  the  National  Quarantine  Committee  of  the  New 

1893  York  Academy  of  Medicine.  A  committee  of  nine  was  ap- 
pointed with  instructions  to  use  efforts  to  secure  the  passage  of 
the  bill,  and  a  copy  of  the  resolutions  was  ordered  to  be  sent 
to  the  members  of  Congress  from  Maryland.  Dr.  Welch,  the 
mover,  stated  that  the  bill  was  very  important  and  had  been 
framed  with  great  care  and  with  reference  to  the  national  gov- 
ernment and  the  rights  of  the  States. 

A  committee  of  five  was  appointed  to  confer  with  the  State 
Licensing  Board  in  suggesting  such  modifications  in  the  law 
regulating  practice  in  the  State  as  should  be  found  necessary. 

In  response  to  an  invitation  from  the  Medical  Association  of 
the  District  of  Columbia  to  the  seventy-fifth  anniversary  of  the 
founding  of  the  same,  in  February,  1894,  Dr.  Ashby  was  ap- 
pointed the  representative  of  the  Faculty  upon  that  occasion. 

1894.     With  the  ninety-sixth  annual  session  the  Society  began 

1894  to  exhibit  extraordinary  vigor,  and  it  may  now  be  said  for  the 
first  time  to  have  taken  on  the  full  panoply  of  its  strength  and 
to  have  begun  to  wield  the  full  share  of  the  influence  to  which 
it  is  entitled  by  virtue  of  its  character  and  numbers.  The  ses- 
sion began  at  the  Athenaeum  Building  with  a  large  attendance. 
The  special  subject  chosen  for  discussion  was  the  "Treatment 
of  Empyema,"  Dr.  C.  W.  Mitchell  taking  the  medical  side  and 
Dr.  Tiffany  the  surgical  side.  Eight  other  members  joined  in 
the  discussion.  Thirty-four  active  members  were  added  to  the 
roll  and  two  honorary,  viz:  Dr.  H.  Newell  Martin,  of  Cam- 
bridge, England,  and  Dr.  James  T.  Whittaker,  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

The  following  amendment  to  the  Constitution  was  adopted: 
"That  we  create  an  additional  standing  committee  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  recommend  and  urge  municipal,  State  and  national 

240 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

legislation  in  the  interests  of  the  health  of  the  people  and  of 

the  medical  profession."  1894 

A  question  arose  regarding  the  eligibility  of  candidates  who 
had  graduated  since  1892,  but  had  not  passed  the  State  Board, 
whereupon  the  Society  declined  to  admit  to  membership  such 
persons. 

The  Committee  on  Blindness  was  converted  into  a  board  for 
the  enforcement  of  the  law. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Ashby,  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  chair 
to  devise  ways  and  means  for  celebrating  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  commensurate  with  the  honor,  dignity  and  importance 
of  the  occasion." 

By  the  Treasurer's  report  we  learn  that  the  liabilities  of 
the  Society  were  $893.82.  The  Library  Committee  had  had  at 
its  disposal  $859.52,  $83.05  of  this  amount  being  derived  from 
the  Nurses'  Directory.  Twenty-six  books  had  been  bought  and 
no  volumes  had  been  added  by  donation.  The  pharmaceutical 
exhibit  yielded  at  this  meeting  $120. 

The  first  report  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  ap- 
pointed by  the  Medical  Act  of  1892  is  given  in  the  volume  of 
Transactions  of  this  year.  The  Board  had  organized  on  the 
second  of  June,  1892,  and  the  various  subjects  had  been 
assigned  to  the  members  for  examination,  but  although  adver- 
tised, there  were  no  applicants  for  license  that  year.  Exam- 
inations were  held  in  April  and  June,  1893.  At  the  first  there 
were  39  applicants,  of  whom  36  were  licensed,  and  at  the  latter 
9  of  15  applicants  were  successful.  A  number  of  those  applying 
were  debarred  by  reason  of  not  having  studied  medicine  three 
years  and  not  having  attended  three  courses  of  lectures.  An 
amendment  to  the  Act  of  1892  had  been  adopted  in  1894,  so  as 

241 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

to  provide  for  a  general  official  registration  of  all  physicians 
1894  practicing  in  the  State,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  June, 
1892.  This  registration  was  directed  to  be  made  in  the  Cir- 
cuit Courts  of  the  counties  or  of  Baltimore  City.  Until  this 
amendment,  which  had  received  the  approval  of  committees 
from  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  the  Examining 
Board  and  the  State  Homoeopathic  Society,  had  been  passed 
there  had  been  no  means  of  determining  the  number  of  physi- 
cians who  had  located  in  the  State  since  April  2,  1892,  and  who 
had  been  practicing  illegally.  There  was  no  doubt,  the  Board 
said,  that  many  to  whom  the  law  applied  had  practically  ignored 
it,  and  this  was  due  mainly  to  vagueness  in  the  law  itself. 

The  presidential  address  (Dr.  Rohe)  was  upon  "The  Extinc- 
tion of  Tuberculosis."  In  introducing  it  he  took  occasion  to 
speak  of  some  of  the  recent  achievements  of  the  Society.  "Dur- 
ing the  last  session  of  the  General  Assembly,"  he  said,  "three 
measures  were  considered,  in  which  the  medical  profession 
was  interested,  and  which  had  their  origin  in  commit- 
tees appointed  by  this  Faculty.  These  measures  were:  the 
amendment  to  the  Medical  Practice  Act,  the  bill  for  an  addi- 
tional hospital  for  the  insane,  and  the  Act  for  the  prevention  of 
blindness  in  infants.  Each  of  them  passed  in  essentially  the 
shape  in  which  it  was  recommended  by  the  Faculty  through 
its  appropriate  committees.  Having  watched  the  progress 
of  these  measures  through  the  Legislature,  I  believe  I  may 
say  that  not  one  of  them  would  have  passed  in  satisfac- 
tory form  if  the  members  of  the  Legislature  had  not  been  im- 
pressed by  the  fact  that  the  organized  profession  of  the  State, 
as  represented  in  this  Faculty,  endorsed  and  supported  them." 
Dr.  Rohe  sums  up  the  practicable  measures  for  the  restriction 
of  tuberculosis  as  follows :  Compulsory  notification  by  physi- 
cians, householders,  managers  of  institutions,  etc.,  disinfection 

242 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  premises  vacated  by  recovery,  death  or  removal  of  patients, 
the  furnishing  of  concise  instructions  for  the  guidance  of  pa-  1894 
tients  and  those  coming  in  contact  with  patients,  the  employ- 
ment of  inspectors  to  visit  cases,  give  instructions  and  disinfect 
apartments  if  necessary,  the  establishment  of  special  hospitals 
and  wards  in  general  hospitals  for  the  treatment  of  patients,  and 
the  change  and  disinfection  of  all  bed  linen,  etc.,  liable  to  infec- 
tion, on  railways  and  steamships.  The  isolation  of  patients  is 
not  necessary.  When  the  material  containing  the  tubercle 
bacilli — in  these  cases  the  sputa — is  destroyed  the  consumptive 
is  no  longer  dangerous  to  his  most  intimate  associates.  In  con- 
clusion he  said:  "No  one  who  studies  the  question  without 
prejudice  can  resist  the  conviction  that  tuberculosis,  'the  great 
white  plague,'  is  a  preventable  disease ;  that  by  concerted  action 
on  the  part  of  physicians,  sanitary  authorities  and  the  public,  it 
can  be  stamped  out  among  all  civilized  peoples.  That,  like  lep- 
rosy and  the  black  death,  it  should  be  of  interest  in  the  future 
merely  to  the  historian  of  human  progress." 

The  annual  address,  by  Dr.  James  T.  Whittaker,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, dealt  with  the  "Predisposition  to  Phthisis,"  and  consid- 
ered in  the  light  of  modern  investigations  the  various  explana- 
tions that  had  been  given  of  the  nature  of  this  assumed  state,  as 
-the  paralytic  thorax  of  Hippocrates,  for  example.  He  rejected 
heredity,  for  of  transmission  from  the  father  through  the 
spermatozoa,  which  alone  can  constitute  an  indisputable  hered- 
ity, there  is  no  proof  at  all,  whilst  with  regard  to  the  mother, 
transmission  at  conception,  that  is,  with  the  ovum,  has  no  evi- 
dence in  its  favor,  and  placental  infection  has  been  shown  to  be 
of  extraordinary  rarity.  The  theory  of  a  predisposition  is  un- 
demonstrable,  superfluous  and  dangerous,  and  like  predestina- 
tion in  religious  belief,  it  robs  the  sufferer  of  the  hope  of  rescue. 
Whatever  weakens  and  degrades  the  body  in  any  way  favors 

243 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  development  and  dissemination  of  all  diseases,  and  in  this 
1894  sense  alone  can  we  admit  a  predisposition  to  phthisis.  As  there 
is  no  predisposition  to  phthisis^  there  is  no  immunity  from  it. 
Everybody  is  liable  to  it.  The  tubercle  bacillus  is  the  one  over- 
shadowing fact  in  the  whole  history  of  this  disease.  Tubercu- 
losis is  acquired  by  infection  alone,  and  the  only  thing  that  is 
infectious  about  the  patient  is  his  sputum,  the  destruction  of 
which  is  simplicity  itself.  This  address  was  able  and  compre- 
hensive and  is  well  worth  a  reperusal  by  all. 

The  revised  fee-table  follows  the  address. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  May  22  a  proposed  reduction  of  the 
annual  appropriation  made  by  Congress  to  the  library  of  the 
Surgeon-General's  office,  at  Washington,  was  brought  up.  The 
House  of  Representatives  had  already  voted  to  reduce  the 
amount  from  $10,000  to  $7000.  This  step,  sO'  detrimental  to 
the  interests  of  the  library,  was  opposed,  and  a  memorial  was 
presented  to  the  Senators  and  Representatives  from  Maryland, 
in  favor  of  retaining  the  regular  appropriation.  It  was  pointed 
out  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  purchase  all  the  journals  and 
books  needed,  and  to  maintain  the  collection  in  its  former  effi- 
ciency upon  a  reduced  amount.  "This  library,"  says  the  memo- 
rial, "has  become  an  object  of  special  interest  and  pride  to  the 
whole  medical  profession  of  the  country,  it  having,  by  wise 
management  and  generous  governmental  support,  developed 
into  one  of  the  greatest  medical  libraries  in  the  world  (if  not 
the  greatest),  and  it  being  of  the  widest  usefulness  and  benefit 
to  physicians  throughout  this  country,  and  especially  so  to  those 
of  this  State  by  its  ready  accessibility."  The  effort  was  success- 
ful and  the  appropriation  restored. 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  on  November  21  and  22,  at 
Cumberland,  with  an  attendance  of  forty.  Papers  were  read  by 
Drs.  Salzer,  Randolph,  H.  Friedenwald,  Craigen,  R.  Winslow, 

244 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Preston,  Osier,  I.  E.  Atkinson,  Ashby,  R.  W.  Johnson,  Schaeff er, 
Brush,  Fort,  Carpenter,  Canfield  and  Welch.  In  connection 
with  the  last,  the  author  urged  the  establishment  of  a  bac- 
teriological laboratory  for  the  city,  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  exert  its  energy  to  secure  it. 

1895.  On  the  twentieth  of  March  the  Faculty  was  convened  i895 
in  special  session  to  consider  the  report  of  the  Committee  on 
Permanent  Location.  After  most  careful  consideration  this  com- 
mittee had  reached  the  conclusion  that  it  would  promote  the 
best  interests  of  the  Faculty  to  secure  a  permanent  home  in  a 
section  of  the  city  most  accessible  to  a  majority  of  its  members. 
They  recommended  the  purchase  of  a  three-story  dwelling  house 
fronting  25  feet  on  North  Eutaw  Street,  with  a  lot  extending 
back  some  150  feet  to  Linden  Avenue,  on  which  was  located  a 
building  bringing  in  a  rental  of  $120  per  annum.  To  meet  the 
expense  connected  with  the  purchase,  improvement  and  main- 
tenance of  the  property,  it  was  recommended  that  the  dues  be 
raised  to  $6;  that  a  loan  of  $100  from  thirty  members  of  the 
Society  be  secured,  and  that  a  mortgage  be  placed  upon  the 
property.  To  provide  for  its  proper  management,  it  was  fur- 
ther recommended  that  "a  Board  of  ten  Trustees  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  in  whom  the  management  and  disposal  of  the 
property  shall  be  vested,  the  first  Board  to  draw  lots  as  to  terms 
of  ofifice,  the  shortest  term  being  one  year  and  the  longest  being 
ten  years,  the  Board  being  so  arranged  that  one  member  shall 
retire  annually  and  one  be  elected  annually  by  the  Faculty,  said 
Board  to  have  authority  to  fill  vacancies  from  death  or  resigna- 
tion whenever  such  vacancies  occur."  The  suggestions  of  the 
committee,  after  full  discussion,  were  adopted,  and  on  April 
18  following  the  building  847  North  Eutaw  Street  (which 
was  selected  as  more  eligible  than  that  first  contemplated,  being 
two  inches  wider)  was  purchased  in  the  name  of  the  Faculty 

245 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

for  $10,000  in  fee.     There  was  no  difficulty  in  raising-  the  loan, 
1895       the  members  promptly  subscribing  to  it. 

The  ninety-seventh  annual  session  (the  last  held  there)  con- 
vened at  the  hall,  corner  of  St.  Paul  and  Saratoga  Streets, 
on  April  23,  1895.  The  subject  chosen  for  discussion  was 
"Typhoid  Fever  in  Country  Districts,"  and  was  opened  with  a 
paper  by  Dr.  Osier,  who  was  followed  by  Drs.  Charles  M.  Ellis, 
and  Clotworthy  Birnie,  co-referees.  A  number  of  members 
participated  in  the  discussion  that  ensued,  and  the  authorities  of 
the  cities  and  counties  of  the  State  were  urged  to  adopt  means 
for  the  compulsory  notification  of  cases  of  the  disease  to  their 
respective  Boards  of  Health. 

Amendments  to  the  Constitution  were  adopted,  making  the 
annual  dues  for  city  members  $6,  instead  of  $5  ;  those  for  county 
members  remained  at  $2.  It  was  provided  that  in  future  the  ap- 
propriation to  the  library  should  be  determined  by  the  Executive 
Committee  at  its  first  meeting  each  year,  upon  estimates  sub- 
mitted by  the  outgoing  Library  Committee;  that  the  Trustees 
should  furnish  an  annual  statement  of  their  receipts  and  expen- 
ditures, and  that  no  one  graduated  since  June,  1892,  should  be 
eligible  for  membership  unless  he  had  passed  the  examination 
of  the  State  Board.  A  motion  was  passed  urging  the  Mayor 
and  City  Council  to  further  the  establishment  of  free  public 
baths.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  see  to^  the  enforcement 
of  the  law  regulating  the  practice  of  medicine,  with  authority  to 
employ  an  agent  for  the  detection  of  violators,  and  counsel  for 
their  prosecution.  To  meet  expenses  the  State  Licensing 
Board  was  instructed  to  turn  over  to  this  committee  all  its  sur- 
plus funds.  This  committee  found  it  necessary  later  to  appeal 
to  the  members  for  special  subscriptions  to  their  expense  fund, 
and  also  to  have  a  resolution  adopted  directing  the  Committee 
on  Legislation  to  procure  such  amendments  to  the  Medical 

246 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Practice  Law  as  were  deemed  necessary  for  the  prosecution  of 
violators.  1895 

The  Treasurer  reported  the  disbursements  for  the  year 
$1886.67,  and  a  deficiency  of  $701.62.  There  were  unpaid  dues 
amounting  to  $700. 

The  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  was  reported  to  be 
9250,  of  which  1025  were  duplicates.  The  number  of  journals 
received  was  68;  reports  and  transactions,  51.  The  receipts 
of  the  Library  Committee  had  been  $538.62,  and  expenses 
$628.37,  the  chairman  having  advanced  the  amount  of  the  dif- 
ference; $71.30  had  been  contributed  by  the  Nurses'  Directory. 
The  committee  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  they  had  received 
less  than  half  the  appropriation  of  1894.  The  privileges  of  ob- 
taining books  from  the  Surgeon-General's  Library  had  been 
withdrawn. 

The  Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Blindness  reported  that 
a  circular  letter  had  been  issued  to  the  midwives  of  the  city, 
calling  attention  to  the  law  requiring  a  report  of  cases  of  oph- 
thalmia neonatorum,  and  in  consequence  there  had  been  a  very 
general  compliance  on  their  part  with  its  provisions.  Cases  had 
been  reported  at  the  health  office  and  eye  hospitals.  The  com- 
mittee had  found  that  the  duty  of  seeing  to  the  execution  of  the 
law,  which  they  had  supposed  would  devolve  upon  the  State's 
Attorney,  devolved  upon  themselves.  Nevertheless,  they  were 
willing  to  assume  it,  and  to  investigate  any  cases  that  were 
brought  to  their  attention. 

Twenty-three  names  were  added  to  the  membership.  Thirty- 
two  papers  were  read,  including  that  of  the  President,  Dr. 
Robert  Johnson,  and  the  annual  address.  Of  the  latter  the 
subjects  were,  respectively,  "Pernicious  Delay  in  Surgical 
Cases,"  and  "The  Causation  of  Nervous  Disease."  Dr.  M. 
Allen   Starr,  of  New  York,  in  his  annual  address,  first  con- 

247 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sidered  the  intimate  structure  of  the  nervous  system  in  the 

1895  lig-ht  of  recent  investigations.  Within  two  or  three  years 
Nissl,  by  a  peculiar  method  of  stainin,2^,  had  shown  the  actual 
structure  of  the  nerve  cell.  To  the  various  forms  of  cells 
with  their  branches — protoplasmic  and  axis-cylinder — the  name 
"neuron"  had  been  given.  The  functions  of  the  various  forms 
of  neurons,  with  reference  to  motion,  sensation,  vascular  supply, 
nutrition,  etc.,  as  far  as  they  had  been  investigated,  were  in  turn 
considered,  and  also  the  effects  of  their  stimulation.  "The 
essential  lesion  in  functional  and  organic  diseases  of  the  nervous 
system  is  a  change,  temporary  or  permanent,  in  the  chemical  and 
physical  condition  of  the  neuron.  This  change  is  the  same  in 
kind,  whatever  the  cause.  Such  a  change  may  be  produced  by 
overwork,  by  imperfect  nutrition  or  by  active  poisoning  from 
toxic  agents  produced  within  the  body,  or  from  toxic  agents  of 
an  inorganic  or  organic  type  received  from  without,  the  last 
named  being  in  many  cases  germs  or  their  products.  Such  a 
classification  of  the  causes  of  nervous  diseases  has  a  great  thera- 
peutic significance." 

The  semi-annual  meeting  of  1895  was  held  in  Belair,  Novem- 
ber 19  and  20.  Twenty-six  physicians  attended,  and  papers 
were  read  by  Drs.  J.  N.  Mackenzie,  Woods,  Hundley,  A.  K. 
Bond,  Piatt,  Earle  and  Russell. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Faculty  was  held  on  December  14, 
to  take  action  on  the  death  of  the  President,  Dr.  J.  Edwin 
Michael,  which  had  taken  place  seven  days  before,  from  Bright's 
disease.  Dr.  Michael  was  a  man  of  powerful  physique,  of  great 
intellectual  strength  and  great  force  of  character.  He  died  in 
the  prime  of  his  powers  at  the  age  of  47. 

1896  1896.  The  great  event  of  the  year  was  the  opening  of  the 
new  hall  at  847  North  Eutaw  Street,  "Hamilton  Terrace,"  on 
January   11.     The  cost  of  this  property,  which  was  secured 

248 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

through  the  instrumentality  of  the  new  Board  of  Trustees,  in 
whom  the  management  and  disposal  of  the  property  of  the  Fac-  1896 
ulty  was  now  vested,  was  $10,000,  in  fee,  of  which  $3000  were 
paid  in  cash  and  a  mortgage  given  to  the  owner  for  the  re- 
mainder at  five  per  cent.  To  meet  the  cash  payment  and  other 
expenses  a  call  was  made  upon  the  members  for  a  loan.  A  lib- 
eral response  was  given,  $3485  being  secured  from  forty  mem- 
bers. Most  of  this  was  shortly  afterwards  donated,  and  other 
donations  to  the  amount  of  $1155  were  received  from  members 
of  the  Faculty.  The  Faculty  had  the  good  fortune  also  at  this 
time  to  come  into  possession  of  $2417.76,  the  balance  remaining 
over  of  the  fund  collected  the  previous  year  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  the  American  Medical  Association.  The  Clinical  So- 
ciety also  very  generously  gave  the  $1000  it  had  saved  up  during 
a  number  of  years.  These  various  sums,  which  hardly  could 
have  been  looked  for  at  first,  sufficed  to  put  the  Society  well  on 
its  feet  in  its  new  possessions. 

Soon  alter  the  purchase  it  was  realized  by  the  Trustees,  to 
whose  zeal  and  labors  at  this  time  we  owe  lasting  obligation, 
that  the  property  needed  a  thorough  remodeling.  Repairs  were 
made  to  the  old  building,  including  shelving  and  furniture, 
amounting  to  $1213.09.  The  old  buildings  in  the  rear  were 
pulled  down  and  a  large  two-story  assembly  hall  was  erected, 
extending  from  the  main  building  back  to  Linden  Avenue.  The 
first  story  of  this  hall  was  designed  for  kitchen  and  banquet 
room  (the  latter  to  be  used  also  during  the  annual  meetings  for 
exhibit  room)  ;  the  second  floor  contained  the  assembly  rooms, 
with  a  capacity  of  between  300  and  400  seats.  The  erection  of 
the  assembly  hall,  with  other  expense  connected  therewith, 
involved  an  outlay  of  about  $3500. 

The  opening  of  the  Faculty's  new  home,  justly  regarded  as  a 
day  of  note  in  its  career,  was  celebrated  with  due  formalities. 

249 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  exercises  opened  at  8  p.  m.  with  brief  remarks  by  the  Presi- 
1896  dent,  Dr.  Charles  G.  Hill,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  Dr.  L.  McLane  Tiffany.  The  Treasurer  of  the  Board, 
Dr.  Thomas  A.  Ashby,  made  a  financial  statement,  after  which 
the  orator  of  the  occasion.  Dr.  James  R.  Chadwick,  of  Boston, 
delivered  an  address,  entitled  "Medical  Libraries :  Their  De- 
velopment and  Use."  After  speaking  of  the  absolute  necessity 
of  libraries  to  the  medical  profession,  he  pointed  out  some  of 
the  means  by  which  they  can  be  built  up,  illustrating  his  remarks 
by  reference  to  a  chart  showing  the  growth  of  the  seven  leading 
medical  libraries  in  the  country,  which  are,  in  order  of  their 
founding:  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  1762,  15,007  volumes;  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  1788,  49,747  volumes ;  New 
York  Hospital,  1796,  22,383  volumes ;  Library  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's Office,  1845,  116,847  volumes;  New  York  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1847,  33>i40  volumes;  Medical  Department  Boston 
Public  Library,  1852,  19,609  volumes;  Boston  Medical  Library 
Association,  1875,  26,082  volumes.  He  enumerated  the  follow- 
ing as  the  principal  factors  of  growth :  Money,  a  suitable  library 
building,  the  continuous  services  of  a  librarian,  the  energetic  co- 
operation of  some  one  to  secure  contributions  and  make  com- 
plete the  files  of  periodicals,  and  finally  an  author,  subject  and 
title  card  catalogue.  The  address  concluded  with  some  words 
upon  pamphlets,  classification,  use  of  books,  and  duplicates. 
Addresses  were  also  made  by  Surgeon-General  Sternberg  and 
Dr.  Robert  Fletcher^  U.  S.  A.,  and  Dr.  Osier  made  a  few  re- 
marks in  place  of  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  who  was  not  present 
according  to  expectation.  A  sumptuous  entertainment  con- 
cluded the  evening's  programme.  Mention  must  be  made  of  the 
enthusiasm  aroused  by  Dr.  Chadwick's  offer  to  contribute  to 
the  Faculty's  fund,  provided  others  present  did  the  same,  which 
led  to  the  subscription  within  a  few  minutes  of  about  $3500. 

250 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  annual  meeting  of  1896  was  convened  at  the  hall,  847 
Hamilton  Terrace,  on  April  28.  The  presidential  address,  by  1896 
Dr.  Charles  G.  Hill,  was  upon  "Some  Observations  of  the  Ef- 
fects of  Thyroid  Feeding  in  the  Insane."  The  annual  address 
was  by  Solomon  Solis  Cohen,  A.M.,  M.D.,  of  Philadelphia,  who 
chose  for  his  subject  "Some  Thoughts  Concerning  Disease  and 
Recovery,  in  their  Relation  to  Therapeutics." 

The  President's  paper  was  based  upon  the  observation  of 
forty  cases,  including  a  wide  range  of  insanity,  but  mostly 
cases  of  dementia.  The  results  were:  Improved,  12;  unim- 
proved, 8;  greatly  improved,  14;  cured,  5;  died,  i.  The 
effects  of  thyroid  feeding  were  considered  in  detail,  the  most 
extraordinary  being  considered  those  on  the  mental  condition 
of  the  insane.  "It  may  be  safely  concluded  that  in  at  least  some 
cases  of  mental  disturbance  we  may  find  the  cause  in  a  lesion  of 
the  thyroid  gland." 

It  is  hard  to  condense  Dr.  Cohen's  philosophic  address  into 
a  few  sentences.  It  was  based  upon  the  Hippocratic  text :  "The 
physician  must  be  able  to  discover  the  antecedents,  know  the 
present  and  foretell  the  future ;  must  meditate  these  things  and 
have  two  special  objects  in  view  with  regard  to  disease,  namely, 
to  do  good,  or  to  do  no  harm.  The  art  consists  in  three  things, 
the  disease,  the  patient,  and  the  physician ;  the  physician  is  the 
servant  of  nature,  and  the  patient  must  combat  the  disease  along 
with  the  physician."  We  must  endeavor,  he  said,  to  understand 
the  nature  of  the  life  substance  and  the  life  force,  the  modifica- 
tions which  these  undergo,  under  various  circumstances,  and 
what  are  the  circumstances  that  are  capable  of  modifying  them. 
We  must  recognize  the  dependence  of  man  on  his  environment, 
as  well  as  the  power  of  man  to  modify  the  same,  which  he  alone 
among  living  creatures  possesses.  In  disease  we  must  recog- 
nize the  operation  of  two  forces,  one  tending  to  destruction,  the 

251 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Other  towards  restoration  to  health.  It  is  the  function  of  the 
1896  physician  to  endeavor  to  modify  or  assist  the  latter,  so  as  to 
promote  the  welfare  of  the  patient.  In  doing-  this,  whilst  he 
often  resorts  to  drugs,  mechanical  measures,  etc.,  he  learns  to 
place  greatest  dependence  upon  air,  light,  water,  heat  and  cold, 
food,  rest,  and  exercise  of  function,  physical  and  mental. 

According  to  the  minutes,  thirty-four  new  members  were  ad- 
mitted at  this  meeting,  and  thirty-three  papers  were  read,  not 
including  the  two  mentioned  above. 

A  communication  was  received  from  the  Medical  Association 
df  the  District  of  Columbia,  enclosing  a  memorial  from  the 
Society  to  the  American  Medical  Association  upon  the  subject 
of  a  bill  at  this  time  before  Congress,  the  design  of  which  was 
ostensibly  to  prevent  cruelty  to  animals,  but  which,  if  enacted 
into  a  law,  would  effectually  have  closed  the  biological  labora- 
tories connected  with  the  Surgeon-General's  Department  of  the 
United  States  Army,  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  and  the  Marine  Hospital  Service,  and 
have  prohibited  all  illustrative  experimentation  on  living  animals 
in  the  medical  colleges  of  the  District.  The  proposed  legisla- 
tion was  being  urged  with  unremitting  zeal  and  persistence  by 
the  humane  societies,  with  the  usual  misrepresentations  em- 
ployed by  these  people.  If  adopted,  matters  would  not  have 
been  permitted  to  rest  there,  but  success  in  this  case  would 
have  given  force  and  impetus  to  the  crusade  against  the  scien- 
tific progress  of  medicine  throughout  the  country.  This  was 
an  emergency  which  had  to  be  met,  and  met  promptly.  The 
memorial  was  endorsed,  and  the  delegates  from  the  Faculty 
were  instructed  to  give  it  their  support  at  the  ensuing  meeting 
of  the  American  Medical  Association.  Dr.  William  H.  Welch, 
of  the  Faculty,  abandoned  his  work  for  some  weeks  and  threw 
all  his  energies  into  the  struggle,  materially  contributing  to 

252 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tEe    success    of    the    friends    of    science    and    humanity    (see 
Preface,  vol.  vi,  "A  System  of  Medicine,"  by  T.  CHfford  All-       1896 
butt). 

An  interesting  event  took  place  on  the  evening  of  the  third 
day,  which  was  the  presentation  of  portraits  to  the  Faculty  of 
Drs.  George  W.  Miltenberger  and  H.  P.  C.  Wilson.  Dr.  S.  C. 
Chew  made  the  presentation  in  the  former  case  and  Dr.  T.  A. 
Ashby  in  the  latter.  Dr.  Miltenberger  was  present  and  made  a 
brief  but  feeling  reply.  Busts  of  ^sculapius  and  Hippocrates 
were  at  the  same  time  presented  by  Dr.  A.  Friedenwald.  At 
die  conclusion  of  the  ceremonies  refreshments  were  served  in 
the  banquet  room. 

From  the  reports  of  officers  and  committees  the  following 
items  are  taken :  The  Trustees  announced  that  all  the  local 
societies  met  in  the  Faculty's  hall,  so  that  the  medical  profession 
of  the  town  might  be  said  to  be  gathered  under  one  roof.  Also, 
that  owing  to  the  satisfactory  condition  of  the  treasury,  it  had 
been  decided  to  found  a  sinking  fund  to  pay  off  the  mortgage 
of  $7000  on  the  building  when  due. 

The  Treasurer  reported  receipts  for  the  year  $3511.12,  among 
which  were  Frick  Endowment  Fund,  $1000,  and  pharmaceuti- 
cal exhibit,  $50.  Expenditures,  $3637.23.  He  had  had  to  bor- 
row $300  to  assist  the  Library  Board  to  pay  for  journals. 

The  most  important  item  in  the  Executive  Committee's  re- 
port was  that  relating  to  the  Frick  Memorial  Library,  a 
branch  of  the  library  of  the  Faculty,  instituted  by  the  Messrs. 
Frick,  of  Baltimore,  in  honor  of  their  brother,  Prof.  Charles 
Frick,  M.D.,  of  the  University  of  Maryland.  At  the  sugges- 
tion and  through  the  influence  of  Dr.  William  Osier,  Messrs. 
William  F.  Frick  and  Frank  Frick  were  induced  to  contribute 
$1000  for  the  purchase  of  books  relating  to  the  subjects  in 
which  the  late  Prof.   C.  Frick  was  especially  interested,  viz : 

253 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

diseases  of  the  urinary  organs,  of  the  cardio-vascular  system 
1896  and  fevers,  particularly  the  malarial  fevers,  the  collection  to  be 
known  by  the  above  name,  and  to  agree  to  give  $100  a  year 
during  their  lifetime  for  its  support.  At  their  request  a  special 
room  was  set  aside  for  this  use,  in  which  they  have  since  placed 
a  tablet  and  a  handsome  oil  portrait  of  Dr.  Frick.  The  open- 
ing of  this  section  took  place  on  the  tenth  of  December  of  this 
same  year  (1896)  at  the  Medical  Hall,  a  memorial  address 
being  delivered  by  Dr.  Samuel  C.  Chew,  and  other  addresses 
by  Prof.  J.  M.  DaCosta,  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Jos.  D.  Bryant,  President  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine  of  New  York.  Remarks  were  also  made  by 
Mr.  Reverdy  Johnson,  of  the  Baltimore  Bar,  a  personal  friend 
of  Dr.  Frick.     A  supper  followed. 

The  Library  Committee  reported  that  a  lady  librarian  had 
been  employed,  and  the  library  was  now  kept  open  from  10 
a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.  The  bound  volumes  numbered  7500,  202 
mostly  new  books,,  having  been  added  during  the  year.  A 
Book  and  Journal  Club  had  been  instituted  by  friends  of  the 
library,  which  had  been,  and  has  continued  since  to  be,  a  most 
li'Beral  benefactor.  One  hundred  journals  were  received,  about 
one-third  through  the  club.  The  total  income  of  the  commit- 
tee (not  including  the  Frick  Fund)  had  been  $736.77,  of  which 
the  Nurses'  Directory  had  contributed  $78.  "The  removal  of 
the  library  to  its  present  location  has  added  much  to  its  useful- 
ness, more  than  ten  members  visiting  it  now  where  one  visited 
it  at  the  former  location." 

Through  the  efforts  of  the  Committee  on  Milk  Laboratory 
the  Walker-Gordon  Company,  of  Philadelphia,  was  induced  to 
establish  a  branch  in  Baltimore,  thus  securing  for  this  com- 
munity a  pure  and  reliable  infants'  food  and  substitute  for 
mother's  milk,  which  can  be  ordered  by  physicians  with  the 

254 


ENNALLS    MARTIN 
1 758- 1 834. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

same  assurance  of  accuracy  as  they  would  expect  in  the  com- 
pounding of  their  prescriptions  at  the  drug  stores.  1806 

The  Nurses'  Directory  was  reported  to  be  "getting  in  good 
running  order,"  the  rules  being  so  changed  as  to  do  away  with 
the  expense  to  those  procuring  nurses. 

Allusion  should  not  be  omitted  (although  it  is  not  mentioned 
in  the  minutes)  to  the  appointment  at  this  time  of  a  Committee 
on  General  Sanitation,  because  of  the  important  work  done  by 
this  committee,  and  the  impetus  it  gave  to  State  and  municipal 
hygiene.  The  object  of  the  committee,  as  stated,  was  to  pro- 
mote the  cause  of  hygiene  in  Maryland  and  cooperate  with 
other  sanitary  and  philanthropic  agencies  in  quickening  a  more 
enlightened  public  interest  in  this  department. 

The  fall  meeting  was  held  at  Hagerstown,  November  lo  and 
II,  seventy-seven  physicians  being  present.  Sixteen  papers 
were  read  by  Drs.  Birnie,  Hemmeter,  Preston,  Hundley,  Mer- 
rick, Rohe,  J.  Whitridge  Williams,  Osier,  Flexner,  Canfield, 
Finney,  Humrickhouse,  F.  Martin,  R.  Winslow,  Gichner  and 
Reik.  Patients  were  exhibited  by  Drs.  Osier,  Finney  and 
Bishop.  There  was  a  demonstration  of  the  Edison  fluoroscope. 
The  meeting  was  held  in  the  Court  House,  and  a  "bountiful 
entertainment"  was  provided  by  the  physicians  of  Washington 
County.  On  motion  of  Dr.  Rohe,  a  committee  of  one  from 
each  senatorial  district,  with  the  President  as  chairman,  was 
appointed  to  act  in  conjunction  with  the  committee  of  the  Bal- 
timore Neurological  Society  in  suggesting  amendments  to  the 
laws  governing  commitments  of  the  insane  and  the  relations 
of  the  State  to  this  class. 


1S97.  The  ninety-ninth  annual  session  began  at  the  hall, 
847  North  Eutaw  Street,  on  April  27,  and  the  President,  Dr. 
William   Osier,   read   his  address  on   "The   Functions  of   the 

17  255 


1897 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

State  Faculty."  Ater  referring  to  the  unusual  name,  Dr.  Osier 
1897  spoke  of  the  dual  function  contemplated  by  the  charter,  part  of 
which,  the  licensing  power,  had  been  transferred  to  a  separate 
and  independent  board.  The  Faculty  had  been  the  only  endur- 
ing protest  against  individualism  in  the  State.  The  sugges- 
tion was  made  whether  it  would  not  be  wise,  and  lead  to  a  great 
increase  in  the  usefulness  of  the  Faculty,  if  the  various  local 
societies  were  united  wdth  it  as  sections.  The  Faculty  knits 
together  the  discordant  elements  of  the  profession,  as  well  as 
the  generations  of  physicians  who  have  passed  away.  Refer- 
ence was  made  to  the  men  who  founded  the  Faculty,  and  the 
sentiment  uttered  "that  it  is  the  sign  of  a  dry  age  when  the 
great  men  of  the  past  are  held  in  light  esteem."  Portraits, 
not  only  of  these  men,  but  of  the  others  who  have  made  strong 
impress  in  their  day,  should  adorn  our  walls.  The  library 
received  due  consideration,  for  by  it  is  the  intelligence  of  the 
profession  to  be  judged.  The  methods  of  providing  the  means 
for  carrying  on  the  library,  and  for  meeting  the  various  needs 
and  growth  of  the  Faculty,  were  considered,  and  a  Committee 
on  Finance  was  recommended.  The  advisability  of  a  revision 
of  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws  was  also  pointed  out. 

In  accordance  with  the  President's  recommendations,  com- 
mittees were  appointed  on  these  duties,  and  also  a  Centennial 
Committee. 

Three  subjects  for  discussion  were  taken  up  at  this  meeting, 
viz :  peritonitis,  rabies  and  the  care  of  the  dependent  insane 
in  the  State,  four  stated  papers  or  addresses  being  delivered  on 
the  first  and  third,  and  three  on  the  second.  Each  was  also 
discussed  at  length  by  the  members.  A  large  number  of  papers 
was  also  presented  by  other  members,  among  the  more  strik- 
ing titles  of  which  were :  "Fracture  and  Dislocation  of  the 
Vertebral  Column,  with  Other  Severe  Injuries — Recovery,  with 

256 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Exhibition  of  Patient;"  "Two  Cases  of  Gastrotomy  and  One 
of  Gastro-enterostomy,  with  Exhibition  of  Patient ;"  "Rupture  1897 
of  the  Aorta;"  "A  Case  of  Complete  Hysterectomy  for  Rup- 
ture of  the  Uterus  and  Vagina  During  Confinement;"  "The 
Early  History  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology  in  Baltimore." 
Models  of  the  original  Chamberlen  midwifery  forceps  were 
exhibited. 

Sixty-six  new  active  members  were  added  to  the  Society,  and 
Drs.  James  R.  Chadwick,  S.  Solis  Cohen  and  David  W.  Cheever 
were  elected  to  honorary  membership. 

The  Committee  on  Legislation  was  instructed  "to  secure 
such  legislation  as  will  exclude  from  the  examinations  of  the 
Licensing  Board  any  one  graduating  in  or  after  1899,  who  has 
not  taken  a  course  of  four  years'  instruction  in  some  reputable 
medical  college,"  and  also  "to  take  early  steps  to  secure  some 
legislation  regulating  the  practice  of  midwifery  in  Maryland." 

Under  reports  of  committees,  etc.,  it  was  noted  that  the  hall 
had  been  the  meeting  place  not  only  of  local  but  also  of  gen- 
eral societies,  and  the  expenses  had  been  materially  diminished 
by  the  rent  paid  by  the  same,  the  amount  received  being  $631.25. 

The  Treasurer  reported  the  receipts  for  the  year  $3390,  and 
the  disbursements  $3499.  The  liabilities,  including  the  deficit, 
were  $434.28.  Among  the  items  under  receipts  were  initiation 
fees  and  dues,  $2075,  legacy  from  the  estate  of  Dr.  Frank  Don- 
aldson, $137.53;  Wm.  F.  Frick,  Esq.,  additional  subscription 
to  the  Frick  Library,  $500 ;  Mr.  Reverdy  Johnson,  same,  $100. 
The  Treasurer,  Dr.  W.  F.  A.  Kemp,  after  alluding  to  his  long 
incumbency  of  fifteen  years  in  the  office,  asked  to  be  excused 
from  further  service.  Flis  request  was  granted  and  Dr. 
Thomas  A.  Ashby  was  elected  his  successor. 

The  Library  Committee's  report  was  of  interest.  The  num- 
ber of  bound  volumes,  by  actual  count,  was  7701.     There  were 

257 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

received  regularly  ii8  journals,  49  being  through  the  Book 
1897  and  Journal  Club  and  27  through  exchange.  Through  the 
Frick  Fund  and  the  Club,  332  new  books  and  209  bound  jour- 
nals, a  complete  set  of  "Virchow's  Archives"  being  included  in 
the  latter,  were  added,  being  the  largest  number  of  new  books 
ever  received  in  one  year.  The  great  interest  evinced  in  the 
library  was  shown  by  the  number  of  books  taken  out  during  the 
year,  612,  and  by  the  increasing  number  of  readers  consulting 
the  collection,  more  than  900  in  number,  since  January  i.  A 
card  catalogue  outfit  had  been  purchased  for  $130,  and  the 
work  of  cataloguing  had  been  entered  upon,  an  assistant  to  the 
librarian  being  secured  for  this  purpose  through  the  generous 
liberality  of  a  member  of  the  Library  Committee.  The  com- 
mittee announced  that  it  had  adopted  the  very  commendable 
rule  of  meeting  weekly. 

The  Committee  on  General  Sanitation,  appointed  at  the  pre- 
vious annual  meeting,  reported  that  it  had  secured  the  establish- 
ment of  a  city  bacteriological  laboratory,  and  at  the  request  of 
Mayor  Hooper  had  named  an  incumbent  for  the  position,  who 
had  been  duly  elected.  Such  a  department  had  long  been 
needed  for  the  supervision  of  the  city  water  supply,  the  detec- 
tion of  infectious  diseases,  the  analysis  of  suspected  foods,  etc. 
A  pure  milk  conference  had  been  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
committee,  at  which  plans  for  a  purer  milk  supply  had  been 
discussed  by  a  representative  gathering  of  physicians,  veteri- 
narians, dairymen,  farmers,  chemists  and  others.  A  manifest 
improvement  in  dairy  products  had  resulted  from  this  confer- 
ence. During  the  previous  February,  with  the  cooperation  of 
the  State  Board  of  Health,  the  committee  had  held  a  sanitary 
conference,  to  which  some  eighty  or  more  persons  from  all 
parts  of  the  State,  chiefly  health  officers,  came.  So  encouraging 
was  the  attendance  that  at  the  close  of  the  meeting  the  Mary- 

258 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land  Public  Health  Association  was  organized.  The  counties 
had  shown  a  willingness  to  cooperate  in  sanitary  reform,  and  1897 
everything  gave  promise  that  the  State  would  soon  assume  a 
leading  position  in  this  field.  Among  the  general  aims  of  this 
Association  were:  "The  registration  by  the  State  of  correct  and 
full  returns  of  births  and  infectious  diseases ;  strict  supervision 
and  control  of  food  and  drink  supplies ;  the  maintenance  of 
hospitals  for  infectious  diseases ;  enforced  isolation  and  disin- 
fection at  public  cost ;  the  regulation  of  funerals  and  transpor- 
tation of  the  dead ;  conformity  to  hygienic  principles  in  the 
construction  of  dwellings  for  man  and  beast ;  systematic  in- 
spection by  experts  of  all  schools,  tenements,  factories,  jails, 
hospitals,  almshouses  and  other  public  buildings,  and  steam- 
boats and  railway  carriages ;  the  restraint  and  regulation  of 
offensive  trades  (slaughter  houses,  etc.)."  In  all  their  meet- 
ings and  deliberations  the  committee  had  had  the  active  interest 
and  cooperation  of  the  President  of  the  Faculty.  The  entire 
expenses  of  the  committee  for  the  year  had  been  only  $2.45. 

A  very  important  report  was  presented  on  the  Nurses'  Direc- 
tory, now  in  its  fifteenth  year.  At  first  this  institution  had  been 
a  convenience  to  the  profession,  and  almost  a  necessity  for  the 
nurses.  The  same  could  not  be  said  any  longer,  it  being  easier 
now  to  obtain  a  nurse  directly  from  one  of  the  training  schools 
or  homes.  From  the  point  of  revenue  it  had  never  been  a  success, 
the  number  of  nurses  now  registered  being  sixty-nine,  and  the 
net  profit  for  the  last  year  having  been  $76.79 ;  this  notwith- 
standing vigorous  efforts  to  push  it,  including  the  sending  of 
1000  notices  to  physicians  throughout  the  State.  In  view  of 
these  facts,  and  the  rapid  growth  of  the  library  and  the  demands 
made  upon  the  librarian's  time,  it  was  recommended  that  the 
Directory  should  be  discontinued,  and  this  recommendation  was 
adopted  and  carried  out  in  the  following  October. 

259 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  Committee  on  Preventable  Blindness  reported  that  there 
1897  had  been  two  convictions  of  midwives  for  violation  of  the  law, 
that  the  law  was  now  very  generally  obeyed,  and  that  many 
cases  of  blindness  had,  in  consequence,  been  prevented. 

A  report  was  made  upon  State  care  of  the  insane,  and  the 
Committee  on  Legislation  was  directed  to  bring  the  matter  be- 
fore the  Legislature  and  use  all  means  to  have  it  provided  for 
by  law,  and  also  to  have  the  Lunacy  Act  so  amended  as  to  re- 
quire for  commitment  the  certificates  of  two  physicians,  under 
oath,  stating  the  nature  of  the  mental  trouble,  and  the  grounds 
of  commitment.  An  amendment  to  the  Medical  Practice  Act 
was  recommended,  making  the  necessary  time  of  study  four 
instead  of  three  years. 

Mention  has  already  been  made  of  the  work  of  the  Book  and 
Journal  Club,  organized  early  in  1896,  for  the  purpose  of  assist- 
ing the  growth  and  development  of  the  library.  The  report 
made  at  this  meeting  showed  that  the  membership  was  now 
106,  and  that  in  the  short  time  of  its  existence — a  little  over  a 
year — this  useful  organization  had  expended  $1005.29  on  the 
library,  adding  books  to  the  value  of  $541.96  and  journals  to 
the  value  of  $463.33. 

Finally,  we  have  the  annual  address  of  Prof.  David  W. 
Cheever,  M.D.,  on  the  subject,  "Does  Medicine  Advance?" 

After  considering  what  is  meant  by  the  art  of  medicine,  and 
enumerating  the  objects  of  medical  practice,  viz:  prolonging 
life,  relieving  suffering,  preventing  and  curing  disease,  the 
speaker  briefly  reviewed  medical  history,  particularly  the 
changes  of  the  previous  sixty  years  He  named  the  eras  of 
medicine  as:  i.  Observation — Hippocrates.  2.  Polypharmacy — 
Galen.  3.  Elxperiment — Bacon  and  Hunter.  4.  Reliance  on 
Nature — Sydenham.  5.  School  of  Precision — Louis.  6.  Pre- 
vention— Jenner.     7.  Aggressive  Therapeusis — Modern  Scien- 

260 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tists.  The  many  changes  and  improvements  that  have  been 
made  in  modern  times^  and  especially  during  recent  years,  were  1897 
then  cited.  But  whilst  many  diseases  have  yielded  to  modem 
research,  many  remain  still  obdurate.  "That  we  have  accom- 
plished so  much  is  surely  cause  for  congratulation.  Medicine, 
as  an  art,  really  advances.  Meanwhile,  the  horizon  of  knowl- 
edge is  ever  receding,  and  the  field  of  new  discovery  and  explo- 
ration is  inexhaustible."  He  advocated  "aggressive  therapeu- 
sis"  rather  than  "expectancy." 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at  Ocean  City  on  Septem- 
ber 15  and  16,  about  80  members  attending.  Papers  were  read 
by  Drs.  Julius  Friedenwald,  Ashby,  Cullen,  Harlan,  Stokes  and 
Messick,  Bevan,  Purnell,  Osier,  Browne,  Gardner,  Dirickson, 
Fulton,  W.  Lee,  C.  G.  Hill,  Woods,  Young,  Hemmeter,  Brush, 
Kemp  and  Cooke,  Jr.  On  the  evening  of  the  first  day  the 
Faculty  partook  of  a  collation  at  the  Atlantic  Hotel  as  the 
guests  of  the  citizens  of  Ocean  City. 

While  but  brief  space  is  given  in  the  Transactions  to  a  special 
meeting  held  December  15,  the  occasion  deserves  more  than  a 
mere  mention.  The  object  of  the  meeting  was  the  considera- 
tion of  certain  proposed  amendments  to  the  Medical  Practice 
Act.  This  Act  (Chap.  296,  1892,)  secured  through  the  inter- 
vention of  leading  members  of  this  Faculty,  restored  to  the  latter, 
at  least  so  far  as  the  regular  profession  was  concerned,  the  con- 
trol of  medical  practice  in  the  State,  which  it  had  lost  by  the  Act 
relating  to  Thomsonians  in  1839.  Amended  in  1894,  and  again  in 

1896,  so  as  to  make  obligatory  the  registration  of  all  physicians 
in  the  county  courts,  and  provide  for  the  prosecution  and  punish- 
ment of  all  violators  of  the  law,  it  had  been  accepted  by  the  pro- 
fession of  the  State  as  a  great  boon,  and  no  opposition  had  been 
manifested  to  it,  until  the  results  of  the  examinations  of  May, 

1897,  were  announced.    In  these  examinations  the  Board  found 

261 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

evidence  in  the  papers  of  a  number  of  the  candidates  that  the 
1897  pledge  of  honor  with  reference  to  giving  and  receiving  assist- 
ance, required  of  and  signed  by  all,  had  been  broken  by  several. 
The  Board  promptly  cancelled  the  papers  of  all  that  showed 
evidence  of  this  violation  of  faith.  Of  the  97  who  presented 
themselves,  13  had  their  papers  so  cancelled,  while  37  failed 
to  receive  the  requisite  average.  When  this  result  was  made 
known  there  were,  as  had  been  anticipated  by  the  Board,  "em- 
phatic denials,  demands  for  return  of  papers,  denunciations  and 
threats  of  legal  processes."  Feehng  that  they  were  in  the  right, 
the  Board  declined  to  accede  to  these  demands  and  threats,  and 
invited  those  disaffected  to  test  the  matter  in  the  courts,  but  in 
no  instance  was  this  done.  Unfortunately,  some  of  the  medical 
colleges  of  Baltimore  took  the  part  of  their  rejected  alumni,  and 
wrote  quite  a  peremptory  letter  to  the  Board,  asking  to  be  fur- 
nished with  the  evidence  upon  which  the  rejections  were  based. 
This  the  Board  declined  to  do,  "failing  to  perceive  wherein  the 
gentlemen  of  the  committee  possessed  a  superior  judgment  or 
where  they  acquired  a  right  to  review  our  [their]  work." 

The  colleges,  therefore,  called  for  the  above  special  meeting, 
and  were  present  by  their  representatives,  for  the  purpose 
of  securing  the  influence  of  the  Faculty  in  favor  of  their  pro- 
posed amendments.  It  was  soon  apparent  that  the  sentiment 
of  the  profession  at  large,  as  represented  at  the  meeting,  was 
strongly  against  the  action  of  the  colleges,  and  that  there 
must  be  no  interference  with  the  independence  of  the  Exam- 
ining Board,  so  that  upon  presentation  of  the  first  amend- 
ment, it  was  defeated  and  a  motion  to  adjourn  was  then  car- 
ried. Now  that  the  feeling  occasioned  by  these  events  has 
passed  away,  all  the  members  of  the  Faculty  doubtless  feel 
proud  of  the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  Board  has  exe- 
cuted its  difficult  trust,  and  at  the  high  standard  which  it  has 

262 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

maintained.     There  can  be  no  doubt,  that  the  reputation  and 
morale  of  the  profession  of  the  State  have  been  greatly  en-       1897 
hanced  by  their  steadfastness  of  purpose  and  intelligent  dis- 
charge of  duty. 

It  is  of  interest  to  learn,  that  it  is  the  conviction  of  the 
Board,  "that  the  efforts  of  this  Faculty  in  securing  legisla- 
tion, to  guard  the  entrance  to  the  profession,  have  been  in 
the  line  of  its  advancement  and  elevation,  and  in  full  accord 
with  the  earnest  efforts  of  the  truly  professional  men  in  a 
large  majority  of  the  States  of  the  Union,  and,  indeed, 
throughout  the  world." 

1898.  The  one  hundredth  annual  meeting  was  convened 
at  the  hall  on  North  Eutaw  Street  on  April  26,  1898.  Seventy-  1898 
eight  members  were  added  to  the  roll  and  twenty-six  papers 
were  read.  Dr.  Osier  announced,  that,  in  response  to  the 
circular  issued  the  previous  spring,  $4300  had  been  prom- 
ised towards  the  payment  of  the  debt  upon  the  building, 
amounting  to  $7000.  He  made  a  ringing  appeal  for  imme- 
diate subscriptions,  to  make  up  the  remaining  sum,  in  order 
that  the  Faculty  might  be  free  of  debt  in  its  centennial  year. 
"Our  present  home,"  said  he,  "is  an  advance  on  our  old 
quarters,  but  it  does  not  represent  suitable  quarters  for  the 
profession  of  a  city  of  500,000  inhabitants.  We  need  a  new 
building,  and  an  endowment  fund  for  the  library;  and  what 
we  need,  Mr.  President,  we  can  get  with  the  concerted  action 
on  the  part  of  the  profession  and  our  friends."  He  declared 
that  it  was  his  intention  to  ask  the  citizens  of  Baltimore  to 
aid  in  putting  the  Faculty  on  a  satisfactory  basis,  as  the  citi- 
zens of  the  other  large  cities  had  done. 

The  annual  reports  may  next  be  reviewed. 

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MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  Treasurer  reported  total  receipts  $3177.22;  total  ex- 
1898  penses,  $2832.91,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $344.31. 
Among  the  former,  were  dues  and  fees,  $1893 ;  from  the 
Messrs.  Frick,  $700;  from  the  pharmaceutical  exhibit,  $90. 
The  Library  Board  had  received  $1481.40,  including  the 
Frick  Fund.  For  the  building  fund,  the  cash  receipts  had 
been  $1974.48.     The  membership  embraced  473. 

The  Executive  Committee  announced  that  steps  had  been 
taken  for  the  preparation  of  a  centennial  volume,  to  be  called 
"The  Medical  Annals  of  Maryland."  The  committee  had 
succeeded  in  having  secured  to  members  of  the  Faculty,  the 
privilege  formerly  allowed  them,  of  procuring  books  from  the 
Surgeon-General's  Library,  at  Washington. 

The  Library  Committee's  report  was  indicative  of  rapid 
and  great  growth :  3257  persons  had  made  use  of  the  books 
and  journals,  and  741  volumes  had  been  taken  out ;  127 
journals  were  regularly  received,  55  of  which  came  from  the 
Book  and  Journal  Club.  The  total  number  of  volumes  added 
during  the  year  was  1478,  of  which  872  were  by  donation; 
342  volumes  came  through  the  Frick  Fund ;  652  reprints  had 
been  received.  The  work  of  cataloguing  had  been  continued 
and  was  being  most  thoroughly  carried  on.  Miss  Eloise 
Baker,  of  Baltimore,  had  beautifully  fitted  up  the  librarian's 
room,  in  honor  of  her  father,  Prof.  Samuel  Baker,  the  founder 
of  the  library,  and  had  also  presented  an  oil  portrait  of  him. 
A  number  of  portraits  had  been  added  to  our  collection. 

The  Committee  on  General  Sanitation  had  continued  its 
good  work.  A  special  meeting  had  been  arranged  in  the 
previous  November,  during  the  semi-annual  meeting  of  the 
Maryland  Public  Health  Association,  for  the  discussion  of  the 
sewerage  problem  in  Baltimore.  The  proceedings  of  this  meet- 
ing were  published  in  the  report  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 

264 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  in  several  journals.  Sweat-shops  had  been  discussed  at 
meetings  of  the  committee,  and  with  vaccination  and  public  1898 
ba.ths,  would  again  be  more  thoroughly  discussed  at  the 
approaching  May  meeting  of  the  Maryland  Public  Health 
Association.  The  committee  had  endorsed  the  Vital  Sta- 
tistics Act  and  the  Infectious  Disease  Act,  both  of  which  had 
passed  the  Legislature. 

The  Committee  on  Preventable  Blindness  reported  that  the 
law  relating  to  midwives  and  ophthalmia  neonatorum,  ap- 
peared to  be  well  observed. 

The  Committee  on  Legislation  reported  that  the  amend- 
ments to  the  Lunacy  Law,  approved  at  the  last  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Faculty,  had  been  opposed  by  some  members  of 
the  Faculty,  which  occasioned  such  delay  that,  while  they 
passed  the  House,  they  failed  to  pass  the  Senate. 

The  President's  address  (Dr.  Charles  M.  Ellis)  was  upon 
"The  Country  Doctor,"  and  was  an  endeavor  to  point  out 
in  what  respects  many  of  the  country  doctor's  surrovuidings 
differ  from  those  of  the  "town  doctor;"  what  are  the  most  pro- 
nounced of  his  needs,  and  the  difficulties  that  stand  in  the 
way  of  his  overcoming  them,  together  with  some  suggestions 
of  means  that  seem  best  suited  to  help  him.  The  advantages 
possessed  by  the  city  physician  exclusively,  were  stated  to  be : 
hospital  wards  and  dispensaries ;  teaching  bodies ;  daily  inter- 
course of  men  similarly  occupied ;  medical  societies ;  medical 
libraries.  Some  substitutes  for  these  can  be  provided,  among 
which  are  the  cottage  hospital  and  dispensary,  post-graduate 
courses,  the  cultivation  of  cordial  and  fraternal  relations  with 
neighbors  and  frequent  consultations,  county  medical  socie- 
ties and  book  clubs.  Although  the  first  cottage  hospital  was 
founded  at  Cramleigh,  in  1853,  ^"<i  there  are  four  hundred 
of  these  institutions  in  the  British  Islands,  there   is  not  one 

265 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

as  yet  in  Maryland,  nor  does  there  appear  to  be  one  in  any 
1898  of  the  Southern  States.  This  is  strange,  when  their  useful- 
ness is  considered.  It  was  pointed  out  how  they  may  be- 
come medical  centres  of  a  neighborhood,  centres  of  experi- 
ence and  study,  and  means  of  training  nurses  for  the  rural 
poor.  Every  young  physician  locating  in  the  country  should 
take  a  post-graduate  course  at  the  end  of  his  fifth  year  and 
again  in  his  tenth  year.  "I  have  no  present  knowledge  of 
any  country  physician  who  keeps  a  case  book,  and  those  who 
habitually  and  systematically  use  instrumental  aids  to  diag- 
nosis are  extremely  few." 

The  annual  address  was  by  Prof.  William  T.  Councilman, 
of  Harvard  University,  and  was  upon  "Epidemic  Cerebro- 
spinal Meningitis."  The  following  personal  allusion  occurs 
at  the  beginning  of  the  address :  'T  have  always  thought  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  with  pride 
and  gratitude;  with  pride  because  it  has  borne  such  honor- 
able part  in  the  history  of  my  native  State  and  in  the  history 
of  medical  associations;  with  gratitude,  because  I  feel  that 
I  derived  my  first  inspirations  in  the  path  in  medicine,  which 
I  have  followed,  from  two  addresses  I  heard  given  before 
your  body." 

There  is  little  doubt,  he  said,  that  all  cases  of  meningitis 
affect  the  meninges  of  both  cord  and  brain,  but  the  involve- 
ment of  the  cord  is  greatest  in  the  form  under  consideration. 
There  are  different  types  of  meningitis,  and  each  has  its  own 
cause.  Only  within  recent  years  have  we  been  able  to  dis- 
tinguish, in  epidemic  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  a  definite 
setiological  factor — an  organism  found  only  in  the  inflam- 
matory exudation,  and  which  may  be  grown  in  various  cul- 
ture media,  and  whose  pure  cultures  inoculated  into  the 
meninges  of  susceptible  animals  will  produce  an  acute  menin- 

266 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

gitis.  This  organism,  the  "diplococcus  intra-cellularis,"  was 
first  described  by  Weichselbaum  in  1887.  It  is  about  the  1898 
same  size  as  the  ordinary  pathogenic  micrococci,  and  stains 
with  any  of  the  ordinary  stains  for  bacteria,  and  is  decolorized 
by  the  Gram  method.  The  blood-serum  mixture  of  Loffler 
is  best  adapted  for  its  growth.  The  first  recognition  of  the 
disease  was  by  Vieusseaux,  of  Geneva,  in  1805.  Its  first  ap- 
pearance in  this  country  was  at  Medfield,  in  Massachusetts, 
in  1806.  Dr.  Councilman's  paper  was  based  upon  the  study 
of  an  epidemic  which  occurred  in  Boston  in  1896,  '97  and 
'98,  and  embraced  the  clinical  and  pathological  records  of  the 
three  leading  hospitals  there.  The  greatest  number  of  cases 
occurred  in  April,  and  the  greatest  mortality  was  in  May. 
Of  146  cases,  129  occurred  before  35,  and  there  was  but  one 
under  one  year.  There  was  no  history  of  previous  attacks  in 
any  of  the  cases.  In  diagnosis,  "neither  the  clinical  history, 
nor  the  autopsy  without  cultures,  is  absolutely  conclusive." 
Lumbar  puncture  was  performed  in  66  cases,  in  46  of  which 
diplococci  were  found  in  the  fluid,  either  in  microscopic  exam- 
ination or  in  cultures.  Towards  the  last  of  the  epidemic, 
there  were  no  negative  results  when  puncture  was  early,  and 
the  tubes  were  inoculated  with  a  large  amount  of  material.  In 
most  early  punctures,  the  fluid  was  turbid.  No  ill  effects 
were  seen  from  the  punctures.  Too  much  cannot  be  said 
of  the  importance  of  the  procedure  in  making  the  diagnosis. 
The  post-mortem  examinations  of  forty-three  cases  were 
minutely  detailed.  In  nine  pneumonia,  due  to  diplococcus 
intra-cellularis,  was  found.  The  cases  were  divided  into  three 
classes:  i.  Acute,  including  fulminant  (fatal  within  48  hours), 
and  those  lasting  not  more  than  fifteen  days ;  2,  chronic,  where 
symptoms  were  not  so  active  and  exhibited  remissions  and 
exacerbations ;    3,    intermittent,    where    there    were    complete 

267 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

intermissions  of  temperature.  Vomiting-  was  present  in  70 
1898  of  III  cases,  delirium  in  60  of  1 11 ;  pain  was  a  nearly  constant 
symptom.  In  83  of  1 11  cases,  neck  symptoms  were  present, 
pain  or  contraction.  Herpes  was  present  in  35  of  t  1 1  cases ; 
petechiae  or  larger  hemorrhagic  skin  foci  in  11  of  iii.  The 
meningitis,  accompanying  some  cases  of  acute  lobar  pneu- 
monia and  certain  other  infectious  inflammations,  is  a  meta- 
static form;,  and  entirely  distinct  from  this  disease.  Eye 
affections  were  common,  and  there  were  sixteen  cases  with 
pathological  conditions  relating  to  the  ears.  Acute  inflam- 
mation of  the  joints  was  found  in  six  cases.  Blood-counts 
were  made  in  thirty-three  cases.  There  was  invariably  leuco- 
cytosis,  the  white  corpuscles  varying  from  9350  to  31,000. 
The  pulse  and  temperature  were  not  characteristic.  The 
influence  of  the  disease  in  producing  permanent  mental  im- 
pairment has  not  received  due  attention.  Four  of  the  cases 
showed  this  on  discharge,  two  having  marked  impairment, 
one  being  irrational  and  childish  and  one  stupid,  not  recog- 
nizing relatives.  None  of  these  cases  could  be  followed  up 
to  see  whether  the  mental  disturbance  was  permanent.  "The 
surest  method  of  diagnosis  in  meningitis,  and  one  which 
should  always  be  carried  out  when  possible,  is  by  lumbar 
puncture.  The  method  is  easy,  and  experience  has  shown  it 
to  be  devoid  of  danger.  If  properly  carried  out  in  the  early 
stages  of  the  disease,  which  is  the  time  when  there  is  most 
difficulty  in  diagnosis,  it  is  almost  conclusive.  It  certainly 
deserves  to  be  ranked  as  a  method  of  diagnosis  with  the  exam- 
ination of  the  sputum"  (i.  e.,  in  pulmonary  tuberculosis). 

A  special  meeting  was  held  on  November  9,  when  the 
revised  Constitution  was  adopted.  As  this  instrument  was 
published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Centennial  Year,  it  does 
not  require  detailed  notice  here.     It  provides  for  the  follow- 

268 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ing  officers :  a  President,  two  Vice-Presidents,  a  Secretary, 
a  Treasurer,  an  Executive  Committee  of  five,  a  Board  of  1898 
Examiners  of  twelve,  and  ten  Trustees,  all  to  be  elected  an- 
nually except  the  Trustees,  only  one  of  whom  is  so  elected. 
The  President,  Vice-Presidents  and  outgoing  Trustee  are  not 
eligible  to  reelection  until  after  the  lapse  of  one  year  from 
the  expiration  of  their  term  of  service.  The  Secretary  be- 
comes a  salaried  officer,  and  instead  of  electing  the  other 
usual  secretaries,  he  is  empowered  to  appoint  three  or  more 
members  to  discharge  the  duties  of  Assistant,  Corresponding 
and  Reporting  Secretary.  The  management  and  disposal  of 
the  property  of  the  Faculty  is  vested  in  the  Trustees,  who 
have  authority  to  fill  vacancies  in  their  Board  when  due  to 
death  or  resignation.  No  one  is  eligible  to  membership  unless 
he  has  passed  the  examination  of  the  State  Board.  There 
are  standing  committees  (the  old  sections  were  abolished 
in  1893)  on  Library,  Publication,  Msemoirs,  Ethics,  Legisla- 
tion and  Programme.  The  dues  of  the  city  members  are 
$6  per  annum  and  of  county  members  $2.  The  delegates  from 
the  local  medical  societies  have  all  the  privileges  of  the 
Faculty,  upon  the  payment  of  $2  for  the  year  of  their  appoint- 
ment. An  entrance  fee  of  $5  is  required  from  all  new  mem- 
bers without  distinction,  but  there  is  no  further  charge  for 
membership  during  the  first  year.  These  are  the  chief  points 
and  may,  with  interest,  be  compared  with  those  of  the  Con- 
stitution of  1799. 

The  semi-annual  meeting  was  held  at  Frederick  City, 
November  16  and  17.  There  were  thirty-six  physicians 
present.  Papers  were  read  by  Drs.  Hemmeter,  Browne, 
Neale,  Paton,  Jamar,  Osier,  Simmons,  Gilchrist,  Ashby,  Reik, 
Medders,  Harman,  Fleming,  Martin,  Young  and  Winslow. 

269 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1899.  Centennial  Anniversary. — Extensive  preparations  had 
1899  been  made  for  this  great  event,  that  it  might  be  celebrated 
in  a  manner  worthy  of  the  occasion.  For  months  the  Cen- 
tennial Committee  had  been  at  work.  Circulars  were  sent 
out  to  all  the  physicians  in  the  State.  New  societies  were 
organized  in  many  counties,  and  the  old  ones  were  stimu- 
lated to  greater  enthusiasm.  Special  meetings  were  ap- 
pointed, at  which  prominent  members  from  the  city  made 
historical  and  other  addresses.  A  large  number  of  sub-cen- 
tennial committees  was  appointed  to-  look  after  details,  such 
as  music,  badges,  transportation,  entertainment,  invitation, 
ways  and  means,  pharmaceutical  exhibits,  etc.  A  special  fund 
of  $1200  was  raised  to  help  defray  the  expenses.  The  whole 
of  the  first  floor  and  part  of  the  basement  of  McCoy  Hall, 
at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  were  secured  for  the  meetings 
and  other  uses  of  the  Faculty.  An  elaborate  programme  was 
drawn  up  for  four  days,  from  Tuesday,  April  25,  to  Friday, 
April  28;  inclusive.  The  first  day  included  the  formal  open- 
ing, with  the  President's  address  and  the  general  reception, 
both  in  McCoy  Hall.  On  the  morning  of  the  second  day,  there 
were  demonstrations  and  clinics  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital, the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  the  Balti- 
more University;  at  1.30  p.  m.  there  was  luncheon  at  the 
■  Faculty's  hall ;  at  3  p.  m.  began  the  scientific  meetings,  with 
papers  by  Drs.  Herman  Knapp,  of  New  York;  George  Ben 
Johnston,  of  Richmond ;  W.  W.  Johnston,  of  Washington, 
and  an  address  by  our  own  Dr.  Welch ;  at  8  p.  m.  the 
Annual  Oration  was  delivered  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  this  was  followed  by  receptions  by  members  and 
by  a  smoker  at  the  hall.  The  forenoon  of  the  third  day  was 
given  up  to  clinics  and  demonstrations  at  the  University  of 
Maryland,  the  Baltimore  Medical  College  and  the  Maryland 

270 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  College;  at  1.30  p.  m.  there  was  a  lunch  at  the  hall, 
and  at  3  p.  m.  the  scientific  meeting  was  resumed,  with  papers  1899 
by  Drs.  E.  H.  Bradford,  of  Boston ;  Abraham  Jacobi,  of  New 
York;  Horatio  C.  Wood,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Roswell  Park, 
of  Buffalo;  at  7  p.  m.  the  annual  dinner  of  the  Faculty  took 
place  at  the  Hotel  Rennert.  The  morning  and  afternoon  of 
the  fourth  day  were  given  up  to  receptions  at  the  Sheppard 
and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital,  Towson,  and  the  second  Hospital 
for  the  Insane,  Sykesville,  and  to  a  demonstration  of  cases  at 
the  Hospital  for  Crippled  and  Deformed  Children,  and  at 
8  p.  m.  the  meeting  closed  with  a  business  session.  The  pro- 
ceedings will  now  be  considered  in  detail. 

The  formal  opening  took  place  at  8  p.  m.  on  Tuesday,  the 
great  McCoy  Hall  being  crowded  to  its  utmost  capacity  with 
the  leading  citizens  of  Baltimore  of  both  sexes.  At  the  ap- 
pointed hour,  the  procession  entered  the  hall,  led  by  President 
Daniel  C.  Oilman,  His  Excellency  Lloyd  Lowndes,  the  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State,  His  Eminence  the  Cardinal  Archbishop  of 
Baltimore,  the  President  of  the  Faculty,  Dr.  Samuel  C.  Chew, 
and  others.  A  stringed  orchestra  played  musical  selections 
between  the  addresses,  and  later  during  the  reception.  An 
invocation  was  pronounced  by  Cardinal  Gibbons,  and  this 
was  followed  by  an  address  by  the  Governor,  who  spoke  of 
the  important  role  which  the  Faculty  had  filled  in  the  State, 
and  of  the  distinguished  names  that  had  adorned  the  Mary- 
land profession  in  the  past. 

The  presidential  address,  upon  "Medicine. in  the  Nineteenth 
Century,"  was,  as  the  title  implies,  a  review  of  the  great  dis- 
coveries of  the  century,  with  which  "no  period  can  be  com- 
pared as  to  the  number  and  importance  of  its  achievements." 
In  succession  were  considered  vaccination,  auscultation,  the 
researches  of  Bright,  anaesthesia,  bacteriology,  antisepsis,  the 

18  271 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

use  of  various  drugs,  the  hypodermic  needle  and  the  diph- 
1899  theria  antitoxine,  and  these  were  declared  to  be  "some  of  the 
gifts  which  the  medical  and  surgical  science  of  the  nineteenth 
century  lays  down  as  its  tribute  at  the  feet  of  humanity,"  and, 
unlike  many  of  the  advances  in  other  sciences,  they  were  pro- 
nounced to  be  "wholly  good,  and  good  alike  to  all."  All 
mankind  are  partakers  of  their  bounty,  and  from  none  is  their 
hand  withheld. 

At  the  close  of  the  President's  address,  the  large  assem- 
blage repaired  to  the  corridors  and  to  Donovan  Room,  to 
partake  of  the  handsome  collation  provided  for  it,  and  to 
examine  the  various  objects  of  interest  there  collected.  Others 
went  to  the  basement  to  see  the  exhibit  of  the  manufacturing 
chemists  and  publishing  firms,  whilst  many  of  the  younger 
set  indulged  in  dancing,  the  seats  in  the  hall  being  removed 
for  that  purpose. 

On  Wednesday  morning,  at  lo  o'clock,  the  members  and 
visitors  repaired  in  large  numbers  to  the  eastern  half  of  the 
city  for  clinic  and  laboratory  demonstrations.  Among  the 
things  of  special  interest  were  Dr.  Keirle's  demonstration  of 
the  methods  employed  in  the  Pasteur  Institute  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the  diagnosis  and  treatment 
of  rabies,  the  exhibition  of  a  large  number  of  cases  operated 
on  successfully  by  Dr.  Halsted  for  cancer  of  the  breast  and 
hernia,  and  the  exhibition  of  the  new  methods  of  illuminating 
and  examining  the  bladder  and  catheterizing  the  ureter  in  the 
female,  by  Dr.  Kelly.  Dr.  Thayer  spoke  of  the  "new  re- 
searches on  malaria"  (in  connection  with  certain  varieties  of 
the  mosquito) ,  and  the  new  laboratories  of  anatomy,  physiology 
and  pharmacology  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  were 
inspected. 

At  1.30  p.  m.  luncheon  was  served  at  the  Faculty's  hall. 

272 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

At  3  p.  m.  began  the  reading  of  papers.  The  design  was 
that  this  part  of  the  programme  should  be  (with  the  excep-  1899 
tion  of  the  presidential  address)  strictly  relegated  to  those 
not  connected  with  the  Faculty,  and  with  this  object  in  view,  a 
number  of  distinguished  gentlemen  from  the  large  cities  of 
neighboring  States  had  been  invited  to  participate. 

The  first  paper  on  the  programme  was  that  of  Dr.  E.  G. 
Janeway,  of  New  York,  on  "Clinical  Observations  on  Some 
Forms  of  Heart  Disease."  This  had  to  be  omitted  owing  to 
the  illness  and  consequent  absence  of  Dr.  Janeway.  The  same 
was  the  case  with  another  paper  which  was  scheduled  for  this 
session,  viz :  "The  Management  of  Vesical  Calculus  in  Pros- 
tatics,"  by  Dr.  Samuel  Alexander,  also  of  New  York.  The 
place  of  these  gentlemen  was  taken  by  Professor  William  H. 
Welch,  whose  address  will  be  noticed  later. 

The  first  paper  of  the  session  was  read  by  Dr.  Herman 
Knapp,  of  New  York,  on  "Landmarks  in  the  History  of 
Ophthalmology  in  the  Nineteenth  Century."  The  first  land- 
mark, he  said,  was  the  discovery,  in  the  first  year  of  the  cen- 
tury, by  Thomas  Young,  of  the  cause  of  the  power  of  accom- 
modation ;  this  was  confirmed  fifty  years  later  by  M.  Langen- 
beck,  Cramer  and  Helmholtz,  the  last-named  devising  for 
this  purpose  the  ophthalmometer.  In  succession  were  noted 
the  remarkable  improvement  of  vision  in  astigmatic  eyes  by 
cylindrical  glasses,  the  invention  of  the  ophthalmoscope  (by 
Helmholtz),  the  stimulation  of  the  whole  physiology  of  the 
visual  organ,  especially  by  the  publication  of  the  "Physio- 
logical Optics,"  of  the  same  scientist,  the  cultivation  of  the 
functional  examination  of  the  eye  by  Snellen's  test-types,  and 
the  examination  of  the  field  of  vision  by  the  perimeter  of 
Foerster,  and  similar  instruments  which  have  brought  to  light 
toxic    amblyopia,    homonomous    hemiopia,    etc.     The    limita- 

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MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tions  of  the  field  of  vision  and  the  studies  in  the  pupil  reflexes, 
1899  especially  reflex  irritability  in  locomotor  ataxia  (Argyll-Rob- 
ertson pupil,  1 87 1,)  are  valuable  symptoms  in  general  diag- 
nosis. Of  immense  importance  are  the  exact  theoretical  and 
practical  studies  of  the  refractive  condition  of  the  eye,  which 
led  to  "The  Anomalies  of  Accommodation  and  Refraction," 
by  Bonders.  Every  educated  person  sooner  or  later  requires 
optical  aid.  The  boon  mankind  has  received  by  the  discovery 
and  correction  of  astigmatism  alone  is  incalculable.  The  suc- 
cessful treatment  of  anomalies  of  motility,  the  introduction 
of  iridectomy  in  glaucoma  and  extraction  of  cataract  (both  by 
Von  Grafe),  the  more  general  tendency  to  operate  for  sec- 
ondary cataract,  the  introduction  of  local  anaesthesia  by 
cocaine  and  holocaine,  the  application  of  the  magnet  for 
removal  of  iron  foreign  bodies  from  the  interior  of  the  eye, 
the  introduction  of  bacteriology,  and,  lastly,  the  affiliation  of 
ophthalmology  with  general  medicine  and  surgery,  were  all 
alluded  to.  Of  operations  for  cataract  he  said :  "The  resto- 
ration of  sight,  with  a  round  and  perfectly  clear  pupil,  is  the 
highest  accomplishment  of  the  eye-surgeon — a  truly  ideal 
result,  and  obtainable  in  more  than  fifty  per  cent  of  the  cases." 
The  progress  of  ophthalmology  was  most  marked  in  the  third 
quarter  of  the  century,  and  it  was  due  in  largest  measure  to 
the  great  Helmholtz,  the  immortal  discoverer  of  the  ophthal- 
moscope, who  was  in  himself  a  landmark  in  the  history  of 
science,  not  only  of  the  nineteenth  century,  but  of  all  times, 
a  spirit,  as  Tyndall  said,  "akin  to  Newton."  Dr.  Knapp  con- 
cluded with  some  remarks  upon  the  relation  of  the  eye- 
specialist  to  general  medicine.  "Division  of  labor  leads  to 
proficiency;  centralization  and  organization  of  labor  is,  as  I 
understand  it,  distribution  of  labor  among-  the  fittest  for  each 
kind  of  work.     The  g^reatest   credit  for  the  org^anization  of 

274 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

medical   labor   is    due   to    general    societies,    such   as   the  one 
whose  glorious  centennial  anniversary  we  have  come  from  far       1899 
and  near  to  celebrate  to-day." 

The  second  paper  was  by  Dr.  George  Ben  Johnston,  and 
was  entitled  "The  Limitations  of  Conservative  Surgery  of  the 
Female  Generative  Organs."  The  following  is  the  conclu- 
sion of  this  paper :  "While  conservatism,  properly  applied, 
is  both  wise  and  humane,  to  be  tolerated  it  must  accomplish 
what  it  seeks  to  do.  In  its  application,  the  soundest  judg- 
ment, the  ripest  experience  and  consummate  skill,  must  be 
present.     The  difficulties  which  encompass  it  are  great. 

"i.  It  often  entails  prolonged  effort,  thus  increasing  the  lia- 
bility to  shock.  2.  Extensive  manipulations,  which  denude  the 
peritoneum,  thereby  increasing  the  risk  of  infection  and  set- 
ting up  post-operative  adhesions,  and  maybe  intestinal  obstruc- 
tion. By  dealing  with  open  pus  cavities,  grave  danger  of 
infection  occurs.  It  often  requires  many  wounds,  which  mean 
much  hemorrhage,  numerous  cavities  to  be  repaired,  foreign 
suture  material  left  behind  to  accomplish  these  repairs,  the 
possible  formation  of  blood  clots,  which  furnish  food  for 
infection,  a  likelihood  of  secondary  hemorrhage,  perhaps  pain- 
ful scars,  and  almost  certainly,  when  many  points  have  been 
subjected  to  operation,  post-operative  adhesions.  3.  The 
bruising  of  tissues  incident  to  harsh  methods  of  controlling 
hemorrhage,  thereby  impairing  the  recuperative  powers  and 
thus  endangering  the  success  of  the  undertaking.  4.  Finally, 
tlTe  ever-present  prospect  of  a  second  operation." 

The  third  paper  was  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Johnston,  of  Washington, 
D.  C.,  on  "J.  Hughes  Bennett :  His  Services  to  Medicine." 
"On  an  occasion  such  as  this,"  he  said,  "the  anniversary  of  an 
ancient  and  honorable  medical  society,  nothing  seems  more  ap- 

275 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

propriate  than  to  review  the  memories  of  men  who  were  recog- 
1899  nized  leaders  in  their  time,  and  whose  lives  marked  epochs  in 
medical  science."  The  chief  features  of  Dr.  Bennett's  useful 
and  arduous  life  were  summed  up  as  follows:  "i.  He  was  the 
first  to  begin  systematic  instruction  in  microscopic  technology 
and  histology  in  an  English-speaking  university.  2.  He  in- 
sisted upon  the  great  value  of  the  microscope  in  the  detection  of 
diseased  processes,  at  a  time  when  but  little  attention  was  paid 
to  this  mode  of  study.  In  this  direction  much  of  his  best  work 
was  in  connection  with  diseases  of  the  nervous  system.  His 
publication,  entitled  'Pathological  and  Histological  Researches 
on  Inflammation  of  the  Nervous  Centres,'  is  said  to  be  'the  first 
positive  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  nervous  diseases  by 
means  of  the  microscope.'  3.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  use 
the  microscope  for  clinical  diagnosis,  and  was  a  pioneer  in 
recognition  of  disease  by  blood  examinations,  the  first  recorded 
case  of  leukemia  being  described  by  him.  4.  He  revolution- 
ized the  treatment  of  pneumonia.  5.  He  was  an  iconoclast, 
destroying  idols  and  warring  with  persistent  delusions  and 
useless  dogmas.  Much  of  his  life  was  a  battle,  in  which  blows 
were  given  and  taken,  but  the  influence  of  Bennett's  teaching, 
and  the  example  of  his  accurate  clinical  methods,  have  had  a 
far-reaching  and  prolonged  influence  in  England,  and  above  all, 
in  this  country." 

Our  own  Dr.  Welch,  who  at  the  request  of  the  President  had 
consented  to  take  the  place  of  the  absent  speakers,  next  occu- 
pied the  attention  of  the  assembled  physicians  and  others  with 
a  description  of  the  exhibit  in  the  Donovan  Room,  illustrating 
the  history  of  medicine.  Dr.  Welch's  remarks  were  most  inter- 
esting and  were  highly  appreciated  by  all  who  heard  them ;  they 
really  constituted  a  comprehensive,  although  necessarily  brief, 
review  of  the  history  of  medicine.     "Our  exhibit  of  works  and 

276 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

portraits  to  illustrate  epochs  in  the  history  of  medicine  is  not 
so  conspicuous  an  object  as  the  pictorial  display,  and  may  not  1899 
attract  the  attention  of  all  present,  so  I  am  glad,  therefore,  of 
an  opportunity  to  say  a  few  words  on  this  subject.  It  seemed 
appropriate  to  the  committee  arranging  the  programme  to  have 
an  exhibit  of  this  kind.  I  am  not  aware  that  any  similar 
attempt  has  been  made  heretofore,  at  least  not  upon  this  scale. 
Very  considerable  embarrassment  was  encountered  in  making 
the  selections,  not  so  much  in  regard  to  the  main  landmarks  as 
of  the  authors  who  should  be  selected  for  the  purpose  of  the 
exhibition.  No  book  or  picture  has  been  placed  in  the  exhibit 
simply  on  the  ground  of  its  being  artistic,  or  to  the  bibliophile 
interesting,  nor  has  any  book  been  placed  there  simply  because 
it  was  old.  The  exhibit  will  be  found  in  the  room  opposite  to 
the  entrance  to  this  hall,  not  in  the  corridors ;  is  arranged  in 
glass  cases,  and  unless  one  studies  it  systematically  he  will  not 
get  the  proper  relations  of  events.  One  should  begin  in  the 
case  at  the  reading  desk,  at  the  end  of  the  room,  and  then  fol- 
low them  down  in  their  order.  This  key  to  the  exhibit  [point- 
ing to  a  chart],  which  usually  hangs  in  that  room,  has  been 
brought  in  here  for  the  purpose  of  my  remarks."  Three  di- 
visions of  the  subject  were  made:  i.  Ancient  medicine,  ex- 
tending to  the  time  of  Galen.  2.  Mediaeval  medicine,  extend- 
ing from  Galen  to  A.  D.  1400,  and  embracing  Arabian  and 
scholastic  medicine.  3.  Modern  medicine  from  1400  to  the 
present.  The  first  period  includes  (a)  Egyptian  medicine, 
starting  with  the  famous  Ebers  papyrus,  1500  B.  C. ;  in  this, 
among  seven  hundred  remedies  named,  are  found  opium,  castor 
oil  and  others  now  well  known;  (b)  Assyro-Babylonian  medi- 
cine, contained  in  the  cuneiform  tablets,  some  of  which  have 
been  deciphered  by  our  Dr.  Christopher  Johnston;  (c)  Hebrew 
medicine,  as  found  in  the  Book  of  Leviticus;    (d)  a  work  of 

277 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

uncertain  date,  according  to  Max  Miiller  antedating  the  Egyp- 
1899  tian  work;  (e)  Greek  medicine,  Hippocrates  and  Aristotle; 
(/)  school  of  Alexandria,  in  the  time  of  the  Ptolemy s ;  (g) 
Roman  fnedicine — Asclepiades  loo  B.C.,  who  introduced  Greek 
medicine  inito  Rome ;  Celsus,  50  A.D.,  the  great  encyclopaedist, 
who  clearly  recognized  diphtheria;  Paul  of  Ephesus,  whose 
work  on  diseases  of  women  and  children  is  the  only  one  of  the 
sort  preserved  to  us  from  ancient  time ;  Galen,  second  century, 
A.  D.,  who  summed  up  all  the  wisdom  of  antiquity,  and  whose 
system  held  undisputed  svv^ay  for  over  one  thousand  years,  the 
first  to  make  physiological  experiments. 

2.  Mediaeval  Medicine :  Oribasius,  fourth  century ;  Paul  of 
^gina,  a  surgeon  of  experience ;  the  Arabian  school,  of  which 
Razes  gave  the  first  and  a  good  description  of  smallpox,  and 
Avicenna  wrote  "The  Canon  of  Medicine,"  a  complete  system 
modeled  after  Galen,  and  the  text-book  of  medicine  for  cen- 
turies. With  the  tenth  and  eleventh  centuries  began  univer- 
sities, the  first,  Salernum  beginning  with  a  medical  school,  with 
which  were  connected  Constantine  of  Africa,  who  translated 
Avicenna  and  Galen  from  the  Arabic,  and  that  famous  poem 
on  health,  "Regimen  Salernitatis,"  rhyming  in  Latin  and  trans- 
lated into  all  languages.  In  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries 
we  have  Bernard  Gordon  and  Gilbert,  the  first  English  writers, 
and  typical  examples  of  scholastic  medicine.  In  the  fourteenth 
century,  the  dawn  of  freedom,  the  philosophical  works  of 
Arnold  of  Villa  Nova,  were  burned  by  the  Inquisition;  Mon- 
dini  was  the  first,  from  the  time  of  Alexandria,  to  dissect  the 
human  body,  and  Guy  de  Chauliac  wrote  on  surgery. 

3.  Modern  medicine,  ushered  in  by  classical  scholarship, 
return  to  observation  and  revolt  against  dogmatic  authority. 
To  illustrate  the  first,  Linacre,  the  Oxford  professor,  and  Kaye 
were  selected.     Vesalius  reconstructed  anatomy,  basing  it  upon 

278 


GEORGE    BUCHANAN 

1 763- 1 808. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

human  dissection^  whereas  Galen's  anatomy  was  based  on 
animal  dissection.  That  strange  man,  Paracelsus,  who  began  1899 
by  burning  the  works  of  Galen  and  Avicenna;  he  introduced 
antimony.  Benivieni,  a  practical  physician.  Harvey,  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  circulation  of  the  blood,  announced,  1616,  the 
greatest  discovery  in  physiology,  and  which  overthrew  Galen- 
ism.  Sanctorius,  the  first  to  use  instruments  of  precision,  the 
first  to  count  the  pulse  and  to  use  the  thermometer.  Borelli, 
the  first  to  try  to  explain  the  phenomena  of  life  on  chemical 
principles.  Van  Helmont,  who  gave  us  the  modern  concep- 
tion of  gas,  and  discovered  carbonic  acid.  The  School  of 
Leyden  began  its  famous  career  under  Sylvius.  Glisson  was 
celebrated  for  his  work  on  the  anatomy  of  the  liver,  and  was 
the  first  to  conceive  the  doctrine  of  irritability,  the  fundamental 
property  of  living  things ;  he  wrote  a  celebrated  monograph 
on  rickets.  Willis,  famous  in  the  anatomy  of  the  brain.  Sy- 
denham, one  of  the  greatest  physicians  of  all  times,  whose 
graphic  description  of  the  gout,  whose  writings  on  hysteria, 
use  of  bark  in  malaria  and  cooling  treatment  of  fevers,  deserve- 
particular  mention.  Microscopic  anatomy  began  with  Mal- 
phighi  and  Van  Loewenhoek.  The  first  was  the  first  person  to 
see  the  red  blood  corpuscles  and  to  study  the  structure  of  the 
lungs,  kidneys  and  glands;  the  second,  a  self-taught  micro- 
scopist,  discovered  bacteria.  These  two  accomplished  all  that 
was  possible  with  simple  lenses,  and  nothing  more  was  done  in 
this  line  until  more  perfect  lenses  were  devised  in  the  early 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

The  eighteenth  century  was  called  the  philosophic  century. 
Boerhaave,  Hofliman,  Stahl,  Haller,  Wolfif  and  Morgagni  may 
be  m.entioned.  The  last  was  the  first  to  make  post-mortem  ex- 
aminations, and  he  introduced  "anatomical  thinking."  Auen- 
brugger,    who    introduced    percussion ;    Hunter,    possibly    the 

279 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

i^reatest  name  in  scientific  surgery ;    Jenner,  the  discoverer  of 
1899       vaccination ;    Spallanzani,  the  first  to  study  artificial  digestion 
in  tubes  outside  the  body,  and  Galvani,  connected  with  the  sub- 
ject of  electricity. 

For  the  nineteenth  century,  Bichat  heads  the  list,  followed  by 
Laennec,  the  discoverer  of  auscultation ;  Louis,  celebrated  for 
his  studies  in  typhoid  fever;  Von  Baer;  Charles  Bell,  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  roots  of  sensory  nerves ;  Marshall  Hall,  who 
discovered  reflex  nerve  action ;  Liebig,  who  started  the  work 
in  physiological  chemistry ;  Johann  Miiller,  the  founder  of 
the  modern  German  school  of  physiology ;  Mlagendie ;  Mor- 
ton, the  discoverer  of  anaesthesia ;  Rokitansky ;  Wunderlich, 
whose  work  has  made  general  the  use  of  the  clinical  thermome- 
ter ;  Helmholtz,  the  discoverer  of  the  ophthalmoscope ;  Vir- 
chow,  the  great  pathologist ;  Lister,  the  first  to  formulate  and 
apply  the  principles  of  antiseptic  surgery ;    Pasteur  and  Koch. 

The  annual  oration  was  delivered  in  the  evening  by  Dr.  W. 
W.  Keen,  of  Philadelphia,  who  gave  a  masterly  address  on 
"The  Debt  of  the  Public  to  the  Medical  Profession."  In  one 
respect,  he  said,  the  medical  profession  differs  from  all  others, 
and  that  is  in  being  self-destructive.  While  we  live  by  minis- 
tering to  the  wants  of  others  suffering  from  accident  and  dis- 
ease, our  profession  is  foremost  in  the  endeavor  to  abate  dis- 
ease and  prevent  accident.  In  its  efforts  it  has  been  aided  very 
greatly  by  the  cooperation  of  the  public,  of  sanitary  engineers 
and  of  legislators.  Among  the  foremost  sanitarians  in  every 
community  are  the  doctors.  Diseases  that  once  assumed  the 
form  of  veritable  pestilences  are  now  almost  unheard  of 
among  us,  and  others  have  had  their  fangs  drawn.  If  the  voice 
of  the  profession  were  heeded,  the  latter  would  almost,  if  not 
entirely,  disappear. 

280 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  succession,  Dr.  Keen  then  took  up  the  plague,  cholera, 
yellow  fever,  scurvy,  typhus  fever,  typhoid  fever,  smallpox,  1899 
tuberculosis,  diphtheria,  hydrophobia,  trichinosis  and  animal 
diseases,  and  pointed  out  what  had  been  done  in  each  case  in 
the  way  of  stamping  out  and  preventing  these  various  pests. 
He  next  considered  the  two  surgical  achievements,  the  intro- 
duction of  anaesthesia  and  antisepsis,  which  have  utterly  revo- 
lutionized modern  surgery^  and  concluded  with  some  eloquent 
remarks  upon  the  bravery  and  generosity  of  the  profession. 

The  oration  was  followed  by  private  receptions,  of  which  the 
most  notable  were  those  at  the  residences  of  Drs.  Osier  and 
Kelly,  who  kept  open  house  during  the  evening.  A  "smoker" 
was  also  held  at  the  hall  of  the  Faculty,  which  was  largely 
attended. 

Nearly  all  the  hospitals  and  laboratories  of  the  city  were 
open  for  inspection,  and  were  visited  by  many  of  the  members 
and  visitors  both  upon  this  and  the  following  day. 

The  third  day  of  the  celebration  began  with  demonstrations 
and  clinics  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  the  Baltimore  Medi- 
cal College  and  Maryland  Medical  College.  After  luncheon  at 
the  hall  of  the  Faculty  at  1.30,  the  scientific  meeting  was  re- 
sumed at  3  p.  m.  with  a  paper  or  address  by  Dr.  E.  H.  Bradford 
of  Boston,  entitled  "A  Study  of  the  Human  Gait."  The  differ- 
ent kinds  of  gait  were  copiously  illustrated  by  instantaneous 
photographs,  which  were  projected  by  a  lantern  on  a  screen. 
The  human  gait,  he  said,  is  ordinarily  divided  into  the  walk  and 
the  run,  the  distinction  between  the  two  being  based  on  the 
fact  that  in  the  former  one  foot  is  always  on  the  ground,  while 
in  the  latter  both  feet  may  be  in  the  air  at  the  same  time.  The 
walk,  again,  can  be  subdivided  according  to  the  force  used  in 
propelling  the  trunk  forward,  and  the  manner  in  which  that 
force  is  used.     The  varieties  of  walk  are :    The  upright  gait, 

281 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

seen  in  all  cities  and  common  among-  shoe-wearing-  people,  espe- 
1899  cially  those  that  are  corpulent  and  those  walking  down  an  in- 
cline. The  second  form  is  the  inclined-forward  gait,  seen  in 
barefooted  and  moccasined  individuals,  in  snow-shoeing,  in 
young  children  and  in  those  walking  in  slippery  places  and 
uphill.  An  acquaintance  with  the  variations  in  the  normal  walk 
is  necessary  in  the  recognition  of  the  limp. 

Dr.  Abraham  Jacobi,  of  New  York,  came  next,  his  subject 
being  "European  Medicine  about  1799."  It  is  difficult  to  epi- 
tomize Dr.  Jacobi's  learned  and  sparkling  address ;  only  a  few 
of  his  ideas  can  be  reproduced  here.  The  eighteenth  century, 
he  said,  was  one  of  theories  and  systems,  all  of  which  were  to 
pass  away.  There  was  little  knowledge  of  actual  facts,  and 
hence  reasoning  was  imperfect  and  metaphysical  throughout. 
Some  went  so  far  as  to  say  that  science  should  be  based  on  and 
constructed  out  of  the  working  of  the  intellect  only.  Patho- 
logical processes  were  explained  by  the  unknown  action  of  the 
nervous  system.  Irritability  and  sensibility  were  the  forces  to 
which  both  health  and  disease  were  to  be  referred.  These 
forces  were  said  to  be  independent  of  structure  and  function. 
Thus  inflammation  and  fever  were  diseases  not  of  the  organism 
but  of  irritability ;  typhoid  fever  was  an  exaltation  of  sensi- 
bility; septic  fever  the  absence  of  irritability.  Therapeutics 
was  mostly  exciting.  With  men's  minds  so  obscured,  words  were 
meaningless,  and  Mesmerism  and  Hahnemannism  found  a  ready 
welcome  on  the  Continent  at  the  close  of  the  century.  Ger- 
man literature  especially  was  obtuse,  and  had  neither  room  for 
nor  thought  of  exact  observations.  According  to  Cullen,  the 
nervous  system  was  the  source  of  life  and  of  all  diseases,  and  it 
was  through  it  that  remedies  showed  their  action;  drugs  act 
on  the  nerves,  which  are  either  stimulated  or  weakened.  Yet, 
unlike  the  Germans,  the  English  were  nearly  immune  from 

282 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACUL,TY 

the  domination  of  theories  and  left  their  own  Brown  for 
other  countries  to  go  mad  over.  The  worst  enemies  of  the  1899 
European  profession,  one  hundred  years  ago,  were  its  own 
members.  Though  they  spoke  Latin,  tliey  were  coarse,  self- 
willed,  captious,  jealous  and  noisy.  Consultations  were  the 
theme  of  books  and  essays,  and  were  pronounced  to  be  impos- 
sible, purposeless,  time-killing,  revolting  and  lacerating;  one 
author  seriously  advised  the  calling  in  of  the  police  to  preserve 
order  in  them.  Notwithstanding  this  adverse  opinion,  there 
was  a  large  amount  of  practical  work.  Institutions  were 
founded,  surgery  and  obstetrics  took  a  great  stride,  many  pub- 
lications of  permanent  value  were  brought  out,  especially  in 
the  second  half  of  the  century.  Haller  taught  the  functions  of 
different  organs,  mainly  the  muscles,  and  discovered  the  exist- 
ence of  sensory  nerves  and  of  nerve-currents  going  in  different 
directions.  The  most  fertile  progress,  however,  was  made 
through  new  researches  in  pathological  anatomy  and  histology. 
Morgagni,  "just  previous  to  the  foundation  of  your  Faculty," 
introduced  anatomical  thinking  into  medicine.  John  Hunter 
established  pathologic  anatomy  and  experimentation  on  a  sound 
basis ;  Jenner  laid  the  foundation  of  sero  and  organo-therapy  ; 
Bichat  created  histology.  The  social  position  of  the  physicians 
improved  greatly  during  the  century,  and  towards  its  close 
they  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  veneration  of  the  public  to  a 
high  degree.  They  largely  took  the  place  of  the  clergy.  The 
physicians  of  the  eighteenth  century  worked  amidst  drawbacks 
and  discouragement,  and  therefore  the  more  do  we  admire  the 
colossal  intellects  and  powerful  workers  that  contributed  so 
much  to  what  we  now  are  and  have.  In  former  ages  advance 
was  due  to  men  of  gigantic  intellects.  There  has  been  an  ele- 
vation of  the  masses,  and  hereafter  institutions  and  societies 
will  assume  this  work.     Not  many  individual  names  will  be 

283 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

remembered,  but  the  achievements  of  Columbia,  Harvard,  Ann 
1899  Arbor,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Johns  Hopkins  and  the  rest 
will  be  enumerated  amongst  the  glories  of  the  coming  centu- 
ries, "and  great  societies  like  yours  will  take  their  places  in 
history." 

t)r.  Horatio  C.  Wood  followed  with  a  paper  on  "Nostrums," 
under  which  title  he  considered  medicines,  extra-pharmacopoeial 
in  their  relations,  and  more  or  less  secret  or  proprietary  in  their 
origin.  More  and  more  is  the  old  apothecary  store  becoming 
a  mere  distributing  centre,  requiring  little  more  scientific 
knowledge  for  its  management  than  the  corner  grocery.  At 
one  time  eighty  per  cent  of  the  receipts  of  the  druggist  were 
from  preparations  made  on  prescriptions  in  his  own  shop, 
whereas  investigation  appears  now  to  indicate  that  only  about 
forty  per  cent  of  his  sales  are  connected  with  legitimate  phar- 
macy, the  proprietary  articles  constituting  fifty  to  sixty  per 
cent.  The  magnitude  of  the  change  is  shown  in  the  fact  that 
twenty  years  ago  there  were  in  Philadelphia  about  thirty  whole- 
sale drug  stores,  whereas  there  are  now  but  six  (not  including 
those  who  sell  to  country  stores),  and  most  of  these  are  kept 
alive  by  their  own  specialties.  The  profits  of  the  proprietary  and 
patent  medicine  business  are  enormous,  but  they  have  gone  into 
the  newspapers  and  magazines,  lay  and  medical.  Between  $14,- 
000,000  and  $15,000,000  are  spent  yearly  in  the  advertising  of 
nostrums  by  the  three  hundred  proprietary  firms  in  this  country. 
There  has  been  of  late  a  rapid  growth  among  physicians  of  the 
habit  of  prescribing  proprietary  medicines,  and  it  was  estimated 
that  about  ten  per  cent  of  the  whole  patent  medicine  and  proprie- 
tary trade  of  the  country  is  carried  on  through  them.  Even  more 
depressing  than  this,  however,  is  the  fact  that  no  matter  how 
worthless  a  remedy  may  be,  a  proprietor  can  almost  invariably 
secure  public  recognition  of  excellence  from  men  eminent  in 

284 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  profession.  It  ought  to  be  a  first  principle  in  ethics  that  no 
doctor  should  be  allowed  to  give  a  certificate,  a  commendatory  1899 
letter  or  anything  else  recommendatory,  to  any  proprietor  of 
anything  under  the  sun,  and  that  the  only  patented  or  proprie- 
tary drugs  he  will  use  shall  be  simple  organic  principles.  With 
reference  to  the  question  whether  the  process  or  the  product 
itself  should  be  patented,  Dr.  Wood  could  not  see  why  the 
man  who  invents  a  new  principle,  as  antipyrin,  should  not  have 
the  same  inalienable  right  to  the  results  of  his  labors  as  he 
who  first  placed  the  eye  in  the  front  of  the  sewing  needle. 

Dr.  Roswell  Park,  of  Buffalo,  read  the  last  paper  of  the  day, 
his  subject  being  "Cancer  as  a  Parasitic  Disease."  In  his  pre- 
liminary remarks  he  said  that  the  invitation  to  address  the 
Society  had  reached  him  through  a  gentleman  for  whom  per- 
sonally he  had  the  highest  and  most  affectionate  regard,  and 
whose  attainments  and  natural  gifts  had  caused  him  to  be 
accepted  everywhere  as  a  leader  in  the  profession.  He  regarded 
it  as  a  rare  opportunity  to  be  able  to  bring  before  them  the  con- 
gratulations of  a  sister  State  (endeavoring  with  public  aid  to 
solve  this  great  problem),  and  of  a  large  connection  of  tech- 
nical schools,  upon  the  centennial  anniversary  of  a  society 
which  has  done  so  much  good  work  and  enrolled  so  many  hon- 
orable names.  By  such  a  meetin'g  it  set  an  example  which 
every  State  in  turn  should  follow,  and  gave  an  impetus  to  col- 
lective work  and  investigation  which  every  large  association  of 
men  needs. 

No  subject  has  attracted  more  attention  than  the  nature  of 
cancer,  but  there  has  been  a  lack  of  concerted  effort  in  its  study. 
One  of  the  greatest  and  most  important  divisions  of  opinion 
has  been  with  regard  to  its  local  or  constitutional  origin. 
The  origin  of  cancer  is  to-day  a  purely  biological  problem. 
The  epithelial  cells  when  they  produce  cancer  must  have  some 

285 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

stimulus,  internal  or  external.  That  which  appeals  most  to 
1899  our  reason  is  some  form  of  parasite.  The  startling  increase  of 
cancer  all  over  the  world  was  cited,  the  mortality  being-  now 
four  or  five  times  what  it  was  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago.  Prac- 
tically never  till  a  year  ago  did  any  State  or  public  government 
consider  the  study  of  its  cause  of  sufficient  importance  to  ap- 
propriate money  to  its  solution.  Though  cancer  hospitals  have 
been  richly  endowed,  not  a  laboratory  has  been  founded  in  one 
of  them.  Limited  grants  have  also  been  made  by  societies,  but 
it  remained  for  the  State  of  New  York  to  take  up  the  matter 
and  appropriate  money  annually  for  the  equipment  and  main- 
tenance of  a  laboratory  for  this  special  purpose,  In  May,  1898, 
the  institution  was  organized  and  placed  under  the  direction 
of  the  University  of  Buffalo,  and  active  work  has  been  con- 
stantly going  on  with  promising"  results.  The  theory  of  infec- 
tivity  of  cancer  is  at  least  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  old,  and 
the  communication  of  the  disease  from  one  part  of  the  body  to 
another  is  now  a  Vv^ell  recognized  danger.  The  collective  study 
is  being  taken  up  also  in  Europe.  A  few  surgeons  and  path- 
ologists formed  a  league  some  years  ago  in  Paris  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  a  quarterly  journal  is  there  especially  devoted  to  this 
topic.  In  London,  also,  there  is  a  Society  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Cancer.  A  striking  instance  of  the  interest  and  trend 
of  sentiment  in  this  matter  is  to  be  seen  in  the  April  number  of 
the  London  Practitioner,  devoted  entirely  to  cancer.  All  the 
writers  therein  agree  in  the  parasitic  nature  and  infectivity  of 
the  disease.  Power,  for  instance,  furnishes  striking  evidence 
in  favor  of  transmission,  and  believes  that  it  haunts  localities ; 
he  also  holds  that  the  germ  inhabits  some  intermediate  host 
belonging  to  the  vegetable  or  animal  kingdom.  Plimmer  has 
examined  1278  cases  of  cancer,  and  found  parasitic  organisms 
(protozoa)  in  1130.     Pie  does  not,  however,  recognize  a  single 

286 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

germ.     He  states  that  these  protozoa  are  constantly  present  in 
cancer,   and   constantly   absent   in   other    diseased    conditions.       1899 
Others  have  isolated  parasites  and  injected  them  into  animals, 
producing  tumors  analogous  to  cancer. 

Dr.  Park  has  long  been  convinced,  from  clinical  evidence, 
that  the  only  rational  explanation  of  cancer  is  the  parasitic  one. 
The  illustrations  in  the  various  articles  dealing  with  the  sub- 
ject show  a  remarkable  similarity,  if  not  identity,  of  forms. 
If,  then,  it  be  possible  to  isolate  and  cultivate  from  carcinoma  a 
parasite  which  in  its  morphology  appears  identical  with  the  cell 
inclusions  in  carcinoma,  it  will  be  acknowledged  that  we  have 
gone  a  step  farther  and  have  demonstrated  that  the  cancer 
inclusions  are  in  all  probability  not  the  result  of  cell  degenera- 
tion, but  actual  organisms.  This  much  we  may  say  has  been 
accomplished.  The  indications  thus  are  that  we  are  at  last 
approaching  a  not  too  far  distant  day  when  this,  the  greatest 
riddle  of  modern  pathology,  shall  at  last  be  solved. 

A  further  paper  on  "Obstetric  Teaching,"  which  was  to  have 
been  read  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Edgar,  of  New  York,  was  omitted,  owing 
to  the  absence  of  the  author. 

The  annual  dinner  was  held  at  the  Hotel  Rennert  in  the  even- 
ing. There  was  a  large  attendance  of  members  and  guests, 
and  the  hall  was  decorated  with  flags,  plants,  etc.  An  orchestra 
provided  music  during  the  entertainment.  At  the  close  of  the 
menu  the  President,  who  was  toastmaster  of  the  evening,  called 
upon  those  who  were  to  respond  to  the  various  toasts.  Owing 
to  the  active  political  canvass  going  on  at  the  time,  the  Gov- 
ernor and  the  Mayor  of  Baltimore  were  detained  elsewhere. 
Surgeon-General  Sternberg,  U.  S.  A.,  was  therefore  called 
upon  and  spoke  upon  the  medical  department  of  the  Army  dur- 
ing the  recent  war.  Dr.  James  Tyson,  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  followed.     President  D.  C.  Oilman  spoke  next 

19  287 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

on  "A  Centennial  Advancement  in  Medical  Education."  Hon. 
1899  George  R.  Gaither,  Attorney-General,  who  was  to  have  spoken 
on  "The  Public,"  had  doubtless  political  engagements,  and 
therefore  his  toast  was  omitted,  and  Dr.  Horatio  C.  Wood  was 
called  on,  who  made  a  humorous  address  on  "Our  Sister  Socie- 
ties of  the  Eighteenth  Century."  Dr.  Geo.  Ben.  Johnston 
responded  to  the  toast^  "Our  Sister  State  Medical  Societies," 
and  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  J.  McPherson  Scott,  Dr.  Clotworthy 
Birnie  answered  the  last  set  toast,  "The  County  Medical  Socie- 
ties." Being  called  upon,  Drs.  Osier  and  Kelly  closed  the  even- 
ing with  a  few  extempore  remarks.  The  former,  proposing 
"Our  Worthy  Selves,  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty," 
spoke  of  the  need  of  an  endowment  of  a  proper  home  for  the 
Faculty,  one  commensurate  with  its  age  and  importance,  and 
the  size  of  this  city  in  which  it  is  located.  He  pointed  to 
what  had  been  done  in  New  York,  Brooklyn,  Philadelphia, 
Hartford  and  other  places  to  provide  for  the  wants  of  the  pro- 
fession, and  said  that  with  united  effort  we  could  accomplish 
as  much  here.  Dr.  Kelly  extended  a  most  hearty  invitation  to 
the  country  doctors  to  visit  his  clinics  at  all  times. 

The  morning  of  the  fourth  day  was  given  to  a  demonstra- 
tion at  the  Hospital  for  Relief  of  Crippled  and  Deformed  Chil- 
dren, Charles  and  Twentieth  Streets,  and  the  afternoon  to  re- 
ceptions at  the  Sheppard  and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital,  Towson, 
and  the  Springfield  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Sykesville,  Mid. 

The  business  meeting  was  held  at  8  p.  m.  The  Treasurer's 
report  showed  the  following:  Total  receipts,  $4018.39,  includ- 
ing membership  fees,  $2629.20 ;  donation  of  Mr.  Wm.  F.  Frick, 
$500;  donation  of  Mr.  Frank  Frick,  $50;  donation  of  Mr. 
Reverdy  Johnson,  $100 ;  rent  of  hall,  $291 ;  medical  exhibit, 
$103.88.  Total  expenses,  $3431.64,  leaving  a  balance  of  $586.75. 
The  building  fund  amounted  to  $3638.60,  $1450  representing 

288 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

donations  during  the  year.  The  Executive  Committee  reviewed 
the  work  of  the  year,  "resulting  in  the  largest  and  most  success-  1899 
ful  meeting  ever  held  by  the  Faculty."  Particular  credit  is  given 
to  those  having  charge  of  the  exhibits,  which  will  be  spoken  of 
later.  The  Library  Board  reviewed  the  career  of  the  library 
briefly,  and  reported  that  during  the  year  1899- 1900  more  than 
1000  books  had  been  taken  out  and  there  had  been  over  3500 
readers.  It  had  been  the  most  prosperous  twelve  months  in 
the  history  of  this  department.  The  total  additions  in  vol- 
umes had  been  2323,  of  which  1846  were  donations,  281  from 
the  Frick  Fund,  143  by  purchase  and  53  from  the  Book  and 
Journal  Club.  Among  the  donations  were  918  volumes  from 
the  widow  of  the  late  Dr.  Geo.  H.  Robe,  504  from  Dr.  Claude 
Van  Bibber,  135  from  the  late  Dr.  Starr,  and  jd  from  the  late 
Dr.  Whiteford.  The  number  of  journals  regularly  received 
was  143.  The  total  expenses  were  $939.05,  leaving  a  balance 
from  the  amount  appropriated  by  the  Faculty  of  $60.95.  This 
does  not  include'the  $650  of  the  Frick  donation,  which  was  ex- 
pended in  the  purchase  of  new  books,  as  mentioned  above. 

The  Committee  on  Sanitation,  very  pardonably  recalling  its 
initiatory  work  in  the  establishment  (1896)  of  the  Municipal 
Bacteriological  Laboratory,  and  (1897)  of  the  Maryland  Pub- 
lic Health  Association,  and  its  other  labors  in  connection 
with  pure  milk,  sewerage,  sweat-shops,  school  vaccination,  etc., 
made  an  important  announcement  in  reference  to  the  question 
of  public  baths,  which  was  that,  through  the  aid  of  the  City 
Bath  Commission,  "a  generous  benefactor  has  allowed  himself 
to  be  discovered  who  guarantees  a  donation  sufficient  to  erect 
two  large,  ornamental  and  thoroughly  equipped  buildings." 
The  name  of  this  benefactor  was  Mr.  Henry  Walters,  and  the 
first  of  the  two  buildings  has  just  been  turned  over  to  the  city 
(May,  1900). 

289 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  Committee  on  Preventable  Blindness  reported  that  there 

1899      had  been  no  case  requiring  prosecution  of  midwives  for  neglect 

of  the  law.     The  importance  of  a  law  requiring  the  registration 

of  midwives  was  urged,  that  they  might  be  notified  at  frequent 

intervals  of  the  ordinance  relating  to  ophthalmia  neonatorum.. 

The  Committee  on  Country  Medical  Societies  reported  great 
success  in  arousing  and  stimulating  the  interest  of  the  county 
physicians.  Whereas  a  year  ago  there  had  been  but  three,  or 
at  most  four,  county  medical  societies,  "as  a  distinct  outgrowth 
of  the  generous  and  affectionate  sympathy  of  the  country  doc- 
tors for  this  maternal  society,  there  are  now,  either  existent  or 
in  process  of  formation,  not  less  than  fifteen,  and  new  life  has 
been  infused  into  the  older  ones." 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Membership  proposed  104 
candidates,  of  whom  99  were  elected,  3  being  ineligible  by  rea- 
son of  not  having  taken  the  State  Board  examination,  and  2 
being  rejected. 

A  committee  of  tTiree  was  appointed  to  report  at  a  special 
meeting,  for  the  action  of  the  Faculty,  such  amendments  to  the 
Medical  Practice  Act  as  might  seem  called  for,  including  the 
requirement  of  a  four  years  course  of  lectures. 

The  Executive  Committee  and  Board  of  Trustees  were  di- 
rected to  begin  during  the  coming  year  an  attempt  to  raise 
an  endowment  fund,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  more  suitable 
home  for  the  Faculty. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to  the  President  and  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  for  the  use  of  McCoy 
Flail  and  adjacent  rooms,  and  to  the  various  committees  of  the 
Faculty  who  had  contributed  to  make  the  centennial  a  success. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Keen  was  elected  an  honorary  member. 

The  election  of  officers  resulted  in  the  choice  of  the  following: 
President,  Dr.  Clotworthy  Birnie ;  Vice-Presidents,  Drs.  Sam 

290 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

uel  Theobald  and  David  Streett ;    Secretary,  Dr.  J.  Williams 
Lord ;    Treasurer,   Dr.   Thomas   A.   Ashby ;    Executive  Com-       1899 
mittee,  Drs.  Osier,  Tiffany,  Chew  and  C.  G.  Hill;    Trustees, 
Drs.  Tiffany,  W.  H.  Welch^  Osier,  Ashby,  Brinton,  Taneyhill, 
Birnie,  Brush  and  Chas.  M.  Ellis. 

After  a  few  appropriate  remarks  by  the  President,  the  Cen- 
tennial Meeting  was  declared  adjourned. 

At  this  time  the  membership  of  the  P'aculty  included  648 
names,  of  whom  633  were  active  and  15  honorary  members. 
The  names  of  the  latter  were  Drs.  Roberts  Bartholow,  John  S. 
Billings,  James  R.  Chadwick,  David  W.  Cheever,  S.  Solis 
Cohen,  Vv''m.  T.  Councilman,  Reginald  H.  Fitz,  Joseph  Tabor 
Johnson,  Wm.  W.  Keen,  Frederick  Lange,  John  W.  Mallett, 
S.  Weir  Mitchell,  M.  Allen  Starr  and  James  T.  Whittaker. 

No  account  of  the  great  Centennial  Meeting  would  be  com- 
plete without  a  description  of  the  exhibits,  of  which  there  were 
four:  I.  Portraits,  busts  and  relics  of  founders  and  of  dis- 
tinguished deceased  physicians.  2.  Books  and  portraits  to  illus- 
trate epochs  in  the  history  of  medicine.  3.  Collection  of  books 
illustrating  the  condition  of  medicine  in  the  year  1799.  4.  Col- 
lection of  works  illustrating  the  develojjment  of  art  in  medicine. 

The  first  occupied  the  entire  first  floor  of  the  corridors  of 
McCoy  Hall,  the  pictures  being  hung  along  the  walls  and  the 
relics  occupying  show  cases.  The  printed  catalogue  contained 
274  entries,  and  there  were  a  number  besides  which  came  too 
late  for  entry.  There  were  portraits  in  oil,  crayon,  water  col- 
ors and  pencil,  daguerreotypes,  photographs,  busts  in  ivory, 
bronze  and  plaster,  miniatures  on  ivory  and  china,  silhouettes, 
diplomas,  certificates  and  licenses,  letters,  inscriptions,  bills, 
essays,  manuscript  notes,  lectures,  diaries,  epitaphs,  inaugural 
dissertations,  indentures,  commissions,  books  and  tickets  of  at- 
tendance, instruments,  knives,  mortars,  pestles,  pill  tiles,  spec- 

291 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tacles  and  cases,  medicine  cases  and  chests,  syringes,  balances, 
1899  seals,  medals  and  swords.  Among  the  diplomas  were  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Aberdeen,  Royal  College  of  Physicians, 
London,  Universities  of  Penns}/lvania  and  Maryland,  and 
Washington  University,  Baltimore.  Many  societies  were  rep- 
resented by  diploma,  certificate  and  license.  There  were  busts 
of  yEsculapius,  Nathan  R.  Smith,  John  Buckler,  Christopher 
Johnston  and  Samuel  Baker.  Among  the  artists  represented 
in  the  oil  portraits  were  Sir  Peter  Lely,  Gilbert  Stuart,  Rem- 
brandt and  William  Peale,  Morse,  Sully,  Jarvis,  Pennington, 
Corner,  Duncan,  Hallwig,  Dietrich,  Miller  and  Woodville. 

This  exhibit  naturally  attracted  most  attention,  and  as  the 
exhibition  was  continued  for  an  entire  week  it  was  visited  by 
thousands  of  persons^  attracted  by  curiosity,  interest  or  relation- 
ship.    Dr.  H.  Barton  Jacobs  had  charge  of  this  display. 

The  other  exhibits  were  held  in  the  Donovan  Room,  and 
were  under  charge  of  Drs.  William  H.  Welch,  J.  Whitridge 
Williams  and  George  Reuling.  Perhaps  the  most  interesting 
objects  in  Dr.  Welch's  exhibit  were  the  photograph  of  the  Ebers 
papyrus,  1500  B.  C,  and  the  Assyro-Babylonian  cuneiform  tab- 
lets of  the  physician  Arad-Nana,  680  B.  C,  translated  by  Dr. 
Christopher  Johnston.  The  condition  of  medicine  in  the  year 
1799  was  illustrated  by  ten  wall  tables  giving  a  description  of 
the  medical  periodicals  and  text-books  in  the  various  nations 
at  that  period.  The  books  themselves,  obtained  from  the  Sur- 
geon-General's Library  at  Washington,  were  exhibited  in  cases. 
Other  tables  described  the  principal  events  of  medical  interest 
during  the  year  1799  and  portraits  and  instruments  of  distin- 
guished men  living  then. 

To  illustrate  the  development  of  art  in  medicine,  the  works  of 
Vesalius,  Durer,  Albinus,  Haller,  Hunter,  Scarpa,  Rayer  and 
others,  to  the  number  of  eighteen,  were  shown,  commencing  with 

292 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Petrus  de  Montagnana,  supposed  to  be  the  first  illustrated 
medical  work.  1899 

The  collection  of  drugs,  instruments  and  books  in  the  base- 
ment has  already  been  referred  to,  and  attracted  much  atten- 
tion. 

A  bureau  of  information  and  registration  was  maintained  in 
the  corridor  throughout  the  exhibition  and  was  of  great  service 
to  the  members  and  visitors. 

Having  thus  brought  these  annals  to  the  close  of  the 
Centennial  Meeting,  it  only  remains  for  me  to  make  some 
general  remarks  in  conclusion. 

The  history  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  is 
essentially  that  of  the  medical  profession  during  the  last  one 
hundred  years.  As  the  only  general  organization  of  phy- 
sicians in  the  State,  it  has  always  stood  as  their  representative, 
and  upon  it  alone  has  devolved  the  responsibility  of  looking 
after  their  common  interests.  But  as  the  interests  of  the 
profession  and  the  community  at  large  are  inseparable,  it  has 
also  had  higher  and  more  far-reaching  duties  to  subserve — the 
care  of  the  public  health  and  welfare.  How  it  has  fulfilled 
this  wider  function  the  preceding  pages  will  show.  Though 
often  thwarted  by  prejudice  and  ignorance,  it  has  steadfastly 
kept  the  chief  object  of  its  foundation  in  view  and  sought  to 
advance  the  public  good.  In  the  beginning  it  supplanted 
chaos  with  order,  marshaled  the  best  elements  of  the  profes- 
sion into  organized  and  legalized  form,  and  established  a 
standard  by  which  the  public  might  be  able  to  distinguish  the 
true  from  the  false  in  medical  pretension  and  practice. 

Although  it  cannot  be  claimed  that  all  that  has  been  done 
in  the  advancement  of  medical  and  health  interests  in  Mary- 
land since  1799  has  originated  in  the  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical Faculty,  it  is  nevertheless  true  that  most  of  such  move- 

293 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ments  have  had  their  origin  directly  from  it,  and  it  may  be 
1899  said  with  truth  that  nothing-  of  importance  has  been  under- 
taken without  its  members  having  borne  a  leading  part  in  it. 
The  frequent  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  in  this  State  during 
the  early  years  of  the  Faculty,  and  especially  the  dread  visita- 
tions of  1800  and  1819-20,  presented  opportunities  for  advice 
and  action  to  which  it  responded  with  the  most  liberal  and  self- 
sacrificing  spirit.  The  introduction  of  vaccination  into 
America  by  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Facult}',  coinci- 
dently  with  Dr.  Waterhouse,  of  Boston,  afforded  a  fine 
opportunity  for  the  enlightened  public  spirit  of  its  members 
which  they  were  swift  to  utilize,  and  this  Association  enjoys 
the  proud  distinction  of  having  been  the  very  first  of  American 
organizations  to  welcome  and  formally  endorse  this  great 
l^oon  to  humanity.  Indeed,  so  eager  were  the  members  to 
propagate  the  blessings  of  this  great  discovery,  that  they 
almost  forced  it  upon  the  unwilling  public,  actually,  in  their 
enthusiasm,  offering  premiums  to  those  who  would  submit 
to  its  performance.  And  vaccine  physicians  were  first  ap- 
pointed for  Baltimore  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Faculty. 
In  the  epidemics  of  cholera,  its  members  gave  their  services 
freely,  and  sometimes  their  lives.  Its  intimate  connection 
with  the  founding  of  the  first  medical  college  in  the  State,  by 
which  the  advantages  of  full  and  systematic  instruction  were 
early  brought  within  the  reach  of  the  youth  of  Maryland,  has 
been  described  in  detail.  The  part  taken  by  the  Faculty  in 
the  founding  of  the  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  in  1841 
and  in  its  reorganization  in  1856,  is  pleasant  to  contemplate 
in  view  of  the  valuable  work  done  by  that  excellent  institu- 
tion and  the  high  rank  it  has  attained  in  a  department  so 
closely  allied  to  our  own.  The  efforts  for  the  registration  of 
births  and  deaths,  begun  by  Dr.  George  Buchanan,  a  founder 

294 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  the  Faculty,  in  1790^  and  continued  from  time  to  time  with 
the  endorsement  of  the  Faculty  until  their  successful  con-  1899 
summation;  the  laws  of  1882  and  1890,  legahzing  anatomical 
study  in  the  State ;  the  founding  of  a  Nurses'  Directory  in 
1882;  the  improved  law  relating  to  the  insane  of  1886,  and  its 
outcome,  the  Lunacy  Commission  of  Maryland ;  the  estab- 
lishment of  an  institution  for  the  care  and  education  of  feeble- 
minded children  in  1887;  the  establishment  of  the  bacterio- 
logical laboratory  of  Baltimore  in  1896  for  the  supervision 
of  the  city  water  supply,  early  detection  of  infectious  dis- 
eases, analysis  of  suspected  foods,  etc. ;  the  share  taken  in  the 
founding  of  the  Maryland  Public  Health  Association  in  1897, 
an  organization  which  has  entirely  altered  the  aspect  of  public 
sanitation  in  Maryland,  and  has  already  placed  the  State  in 
the  very  front  rank  of  sanitary  excellence;  the  successful 
protest  against  reductions  in  the  appropriations  made  by 
Congress  to  the  library  of  the  Surgeon-General's  office  in 
1 89 1  and  again  in  1894,  and  to  the  publication  of  the  Index 
Catalogue  of  the  same  library  in  1893;  the  appropriations  by 
the  City  Council  in  1892  for  a  Hospital  for  Infectious  Dis- 
eases and  a  disinfecting  plant ;  the  successful  work  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Preventable  Blindness,  1893-94,  by  which  so  many 
eyes  are  saved  from  the  destructive  effects  of  ophthalmia 
neonatorum ;  the  efforts  for  the  establishment  of  a  National 
Bureau  of  Public  Health,  1893;  the  providing  a  second  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane,  1894;  the  introduction  of  free  public 
baths  and  a  Walker-Gordon  laboratory  into  Baltimore  in  1895, 
and  the  successful  efforts  against  the  machinations  of  the  anti- 
vivisectionists  in  1896,  are  some  of  the  contributions  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  to  the  welfare  of  the  State. 
Of  some  of  these  measures,  we  have  the  assurance  of  those 
who  know,   that  their  passage  was  directly  due  to  the  fact 

295 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

that  they  were  endorsed  and  supported  by  the  organized  profes- 
1899      sion  of  the  State. 

After  all  the  vicissitudes  of  the  century,  it  cannot  but  be  a 
source  of  the  deepest  congratulation  to  us  all  that  we  have 
reached  the  close  of  this  period  with  our  organization  so 
strong,  so  united,  so  influential.  And  in  nothing,  it  seems  to 
me,  can  we  congratulate  ourselves  more  sincerely  than  in  the 
restoration  of  the  power  of  examination  and  license,  lost  by 
the  vicious  legislation  of  1838,  but  happily  recovered  almost  at 
the  very  close  of  the  century. 

What  a  grand  future  of  usefulness  opens  to  our  Society 
in  the  second  century  of  its  career  upon  which  it  has  just 
entered !  Unified  in  purpose  and  action,  spurred  on  by  the 
glorious  memories  of  the  past,  inspired  by  the  great  and  good 
men  who  have  preceded  us,  and  animated  with  the  prospect 
of  a  future  full  of  hope  and  promise,  we  seem  to  have  reached 
a  point  in  our  career  for  which  the  older  physicians  yearned 
in  vain. 

In  the  midst  of  our  prosperity  let  us  not,  however,  forget 
the  increased  responsibilities  which  it  brings  and  the  pressing 
duties  which  await  us  in  many  new  fields  of  activity.  Let  us 
rather  welcome  the  blessed  inheritance  of  self-sacrifice  and 
usefulness  and  embrace  the  boundless  opportunities  of  doing 
good.  And  last,  but  not  least,  let  us  cherish  with  pride  our 
membership  in  this  old  and  honorable  Society;  let  us  guard 
jealously  its  name  and  fame  and  transmit  them  to  our  suc- 
cessors of  the  twentieth  century  with  lustre  undimmed ! 


296 


BIOGRAPHY. 


This  section  contains  the  names  of  all  who  have  been  upon  our  lists  during  the 
century  (1799-1899).  No  distinction  was  made  between  license  and  membership  from 
1799  to  1839.  Since  the  recovery  of  the  licensing  power  the  distinction  has  been  observed 
and  accordingly  only  the  names  of  members  are  given  since  1892.  A  star  indicates 
decease.     A  date  immediately  following  a  name  indicates  the  time  of  admission. 

Abbott,  Alexander  Crever.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  26,  i860. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  Assistant  in  Bacteriology  and 
Hygiene,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889-91;  First  Assistant  Labo- 
ratory of  Hygiene,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1891-96;  Director 
of  Laboratory  of  Hygiene  and  Professor  of  Hygiene,  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  1896 — ;  Director  of  Laboratory  of  Hygiene, 
Bureau  of  Health,  Philadelphia,  1897 — ;  author  of  "Principles  of 
Bacteriology,"  i2mo,  first  edition,  Philadelphia,  1812;  sixth  edition, 
1902 ;  "Hygiene  of  Transmissible  Diseases,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1899. 

Abel,  John  J.  1895.  Born  at  Cleveland,  O.,  May  19,  1857.  Ph.B., 
University  of  Michigan,  1883 ;  Graduate  Student,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1883-84;  pursued  medical  studies  in  Germany, 
Austria  and  Switzerland;  M.D.,  University  of  Strasburg,  1888; 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  University  of 
Michigan,  1891-93 ;  Professor  of  Pharmacology  and  in  charge 
of  Physiological  Chemistry,  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School, 
1893 — ;  Associate  Editor,  Journal  of  Experimental  Medicine; 
Special  work :  Researches  in  Pharmacology  and  Physiological 
Chemistry,  published  in  European  and  American  journals.  Sta- 
tion L,  Baltimore. 

Abercrombie,  John  Robert.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  21, 
1869.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1895;  Coroner,  1896 — ;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  1897 — ;  Chief  of  Clinic  in  Skin  Dis- 
eases, University  of  Maryland;  Physician  to  Shelter  for  Aged 
Colored  Women;  Medical  Examiner,  American  Legion  of  Honor. 
827  North  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

Adams,  Amos.  1837.  Not  M.D. ;  practiced  at  Smithsburg,  Washington 
County,  Md.,  a  few  years,  but  moved  away  about  ten  years  ago. 
See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

297 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  B'ACULTY 

Adams,  James  Frederick.  1896.  Born  at  Rehohoth,  Somerset  County, 
Md.,  September  22,  1869;  son  of  Dr.  F.  A.  Adams.  Educated 
at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis;  B.S.  and  B.L.,  St.  John's,  1890; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Assistant,  University  of  Mary- 
land Hospital,  1894;  Assistant  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  1895; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  1896;  moved 
to  Eastern  Shore;  Director,  Peninsula  General  Hospital;  resides 
at  Pocomoke  City,  Md. 

*Addison,  Edward  Brice.  1818.  Born  at  "Oxon  Hill,"  Prince 
George  County,  Md.,  1794.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  pupil 
of  Dr.  George  Clarke,  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and  of  Philip  Syng  Dor- 
sey,  Philadelphia;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1815;  prac- 
ticed at  Baltimore,  Upper  Marlboro  and  Reisterstown ;  retired  in 
1849  and  moved  to  Alexandria,  Va. ;  removed  to  Washington,  D. 
C,  1877,  where  he  died  October,  1884  (1878?)  ;  was  completely 
blind  from  cataract  for  fifteen  years.     See  list  of  1848. 

='=Addison,  John.  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1830;  settled 
at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1855-59;  died  1859 
(Q.).     See  list  of  1853. 

AuLER,  Harry.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  11,  1872.  A.B., 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1892;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1895;  Visiting  Physician,  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum;  Chief  of  Clinic 
Diseases  of  Stomach  and  Intestines  and  Laboratory  Instructor 
in  Clinical  Pathology,  University  of  Maryland ;  Associate  Pro- 
fessor, Diseases  of  Stomach,  1901 — .  1215  Madison  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

*Adreon,  Stephen  W.  1828.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1828;  settled  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1828;  Health  Officer 
and  Member  City  Council,  St.  Louis;  a  strong  Union  man;  took 
an  active  and  important  part  in  retaining  the  State  of  Missouri  in 
the  Union.     Died  at  St.  Louis,  December  9,  1867. 

^Ahl,  John  Peter.  Born  in  Germany,  1748.  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Colonel  Armand's  Maryland  Legion,  1777;  wounded  at  White 
Plains;  recovered  and  returned  to  the  army  under  Gen.  P.  Muhl- 
enberg until  1783;  after  war  resided  in  Augusta  County,  Va.;  in 
Westmoreland  County,  Pa.,  1820-21;  moved  to  Baltimore.  1821; 
became  a  pensioner  (Pennsylvania  rolls).  May  i,  1821.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  July  13,  1827. 

*AiKiN,  William  E.  A.  18:^0.  Born  in  New  York  State,  1807.  Edu- 
cated at  Renssalaer  Institute  on  the  Hudson ;  Licentiate  New  York 

298 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

State  Medical  Society;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Vermont  Academy  of 
Medicine;  soon  abandoned  practice  and  devoted  himself  to  sci- 
ence; came  to  Baltimore,  1832;  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy, 
University  of  Maryland;  Assistant  to  Professor  Ducatel,  1836;  on 
Geological  Survey,  Virginia,  1837;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  (Regents'  Faculty),  1837-83;  Emeritus  Pro- 
fessor, 1883-88 ;  Dean  of  Faculty,  1840-41  and  1844-55 ;  Lecturer, 
Maryland  Institute;  City  Inspector  of  gas  and  illuminating  oils; 
LL.D.,  Georgetown  College,  1843.  Died  at  Baltimore,  May  30, 
1888. 

AiME,  John,  1813.     See  list  of  1848. 

*AiTKEN,  James.  1S28.  Son  of  Andrew  Aitken.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland.  1824;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  was  here  in  1847.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  January  22,  1857. 

*Albers,  Henry.  1839.  Born  at  Bremen,  1812.  M.D.,  Gottingen, 
1837;  studied  in  hospitals  at  Vienna,  1837-39;  Physician  to  Ger- 
man Societ}'.  Died  at  Baltimore,  October  7,  1882.  See  Treasurer's 
book. 

*Albert,  Charles.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore.  185 1 ;  son  of  Hon.  Wm. 
J.  Albert.  Pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1872 ;  pupil  of  Sir  James  Paget,  London ;  practiced  seven 
years  at  Baltimore,  giving  special  attention  to  Spinal  Diseases. 
Died  at  Easton,  Md.,  June  30,  1882. 

*Alcock,  Edward  J.  1827.  Of  Baltimore.  M.D.,  University  ot 
Maryland,  1827;  present  at  annual  convention  of  1830.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead.  In  a  corrected  list  of  1837,  Dr.  Fonerden 
marks  him  dead. 

"*Aldridge,  John  Henry.  1875.  Born  1832.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1855;  Assistant  Surgeon  United  States  Navy;  resigned. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  March  21,  1889. 

^Alexander,  Edward.  Of  Ellicott's  Mills.  Born  in  Virginia.  See 
Trans.,  1853,  p.  10. 

*Alexander,  Ashton.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Arlington,  Va., 
1772.  Student  of  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  of  Frederick,  Md. ;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1795;  first  settled  in  North  Carolina; 
came   to   Baltimore   in    1796;    Commissioner   of   Health,    Baltimore, 

299 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1804-05  and  1812;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dis- 
pensary, 1801-03 ;  First  Secretary  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  of  Maryland,  1 799-1801 ;  Treasurer  of  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical Faculty  of  Maryland,  1801-03 ;  Consulting  Physician,  Balti- 
more Hospital,  1812;  President  District  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Society,  1819-20;  Provost,  University  of  Maryland,  1837-50;  mar- 
ried, first,  daughter  of  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  and  second.  Miss  Merry- 
man.  The  last  surviving  charter  member  of  the  Medical  and  Chir- 
urgical Faculty.  "A  grand  old  man  with  magnificent  physique; 
wore  knee  and  shoe  buckles  and  stockings,  and  carried  a  gold- 
headed  cane ;  fond  of  dinners  and  society."  Died  at  Baltimore, 
February,  1855. 

Algire,  Harry  Cairnes.  1897.  Born  at  Hampden,  then  in  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  August  31,  1873.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1895 ;  Assistant  in  Surgical  Dispensary,  University  of  Maryland ; 
Sanitary  Inspector,  Baltimore,  1896-98 ;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road,   1898 — .     516  Fifth  Avenue,   Hampden,   Baltimore. 

Allen^  L.  M.  1899.  Born  at  Berryville,  Clarke  County,  Va.,  August 
II,  1874.  Educated  at  Shenandoah  University  School;  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  Universities  of  Virginia  and  Maryland; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1896;  Resident  Physician,  Lying- 
in  Hospital,  University  of  Maryland,  1896-97;  Chief  of  Obstetric 
Clinic  and  Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  Maryland, 
1897-1900;  Associate  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  1900 — .  1919  Mary- 
land Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Allen,  Richard  Nun.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1796.  M.D. 
and  Gold  Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1817;  Censor,  1819. 
Died  at  Savage  Factory,  Harford  County,  Md.,  April  27,  1833. 

*Allen,  Robert.  Brother  of  last-named.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1813.     Of  Cecil  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Allen,  Robert  T.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822.  Near  Port 
Deposit,  Cecil  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Allender,  Joseph.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  1770.  Educated 
in  Baltimore  County  Md. ;  began  practice  at  Fells  Point,  Baltimore, 
1795;  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1801-02;  Surgeon, 
Maryland  Militia,  1804-10;  Member  of  City  Council,  1806-07;  Sur- 
geon Sixth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia,  1814;  Physician  to  Hu- 
mane Society,  1819.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1834. 

300 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Ames,  Delano.  1895.  Born  at  Springfield,  O.,  1868.  A.B.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1891;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892; 
Lecturer  on  Pathology,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  Pathologist, 
Union  Protestant  Infirmary.     Died  at  Baltimore,  March   10,   1899. 

*Amos,  Corbin.  181 1.  Born  near  "The  Rocks,"  Harford  County, 
Md.,  March  31,  1784.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Bond;  M.D.,  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  of  Maryland  (University  of  Maryland),  1812; 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Thirty-ninth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia,  1814; 
Physician  to  City  Almshouse;  Member  of  City  Council,  1832-33. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  July  21,    1866. 

*Anderson,  Alexander  M.  Born  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  September  25, 
1816;  grandson  of  J.  M.  Anderson,  Founder.  For  a  number 
of  years  a  druggist  at  Mobile,  Ala. ;  studied  medicine  and  practiced 
at  Chestertown.     Died  September  7,  1859.     See  list  of  1848 

*Anderson,  Alfred.  1826.  Of  Williamsport,  Washington  County, 
Md.  Moved  to  Alabama,  w^here  he  died.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853 
and  1873.  (There  is  an  "Alfred  Anderson,  S.  C,  1830,"  in  Cata- 
logue of  University  of  Pennsylvania.) 

*Anderson,  Asa.  1816.  Of  Queen  Anne,  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Anderson,  Charles  Loftus  Grant.  1892.  Born  in  Washington 
County,  Md.,  1863.  Educated  at  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1884; 
House  Physician  and  Surgeon,  Jersey  City  Hospital,  1885;  Act- 
ing Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1886;  Assistant  Surgeon,  1886- 
88;  resigned;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1898;  served 
in  Santiago  campaign ;  Surgeon,  Twenty-ninth  U.  S.  V.  (in  Philip- 
pines), 1899. 

Anderson,  Edward.  1892.  Born  near  Rockville,  Md.,  May  3,  1841. 
Educated  at  Rockville  Academy;  taught  school  several  years; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1875 ;  Physician  to  Montgomery 
County  Almshouse,  1889-99;    practices  near  Rockville. 

*Anderson,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Rockville,  Montgom- 
ery County,  Md.,  1760.  (The  family  moved  from  Charles  to 
Montgomery  County  in  1754.)  At  age  of  sixteen  joined  Revolu- 
tionary Army,  but  served  only  a  short  time,  owing  to  an  attack  of 
smallpox;  attended  lectures  at  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1789  and 
1790;  practiced  at  Rockville  and  surrounding  country  from  1791 
until  his  death ;   Surgeon  to  the  draft  during  War  of  1812 ;  had  a 

301 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

large  and  lucrative  practice,  extending  partially  over  four  hundred 
and  entirely  over  one  hundred  square  miles ;  continued  to  inoculate 
until  1814.  He  owned  four  farms,  all  lying  within  a  radius  of  one 
mile  from  Rockville,  where  he  lived,  aggregating  eight  hundred 
acres,  with  slaves  enough  to  work  them.  Died  at  Rockville,  May  9, 
1836. 

"Anderson,  James.  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Corbin 
Amos;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1815.    Died  February,  1816. 

■*Anderson,  James  Moat.  Founder.  1799.  Born,  1752;  youngest  son 
of  Dr.  James  Anderson,  Vvdio  emigrated  from  Scotland  to  Kent 
County,  Md.  Educated  at  University  of  Edinburgh,  remaining  long 
enough  to  procure  a  certiiicate  of  merit,  but  not  graduating.  "He 
achieved  in  that  neighborhood  [Chestertown]  a  reputation  which 
few  have  since  enjoyed;  his  practice  was  extensive  and  his  services 
always  in  demand ;  he  was  fond  of  discussing  his  cases  carefully  in 
consultation,  and  it  was  seldom  that  he  erred  in  judgment;  his 
speech  was  plan  and  unaffected,  always  to  the  point;  in  his  duty 
walk  he  was  conscientious  and  eminently  pious,  and  looked 
upon  as  a  model  man ;  his  appearance  was  unique  and  striking ; 
though  small  in  stature  and  limping  in  gait,  his  dignity  was  never 
laid  aside ;  his  person  was  slender  and  arrayed  in  a  gray  cloth, 
long-waisted,  shad-breasted  coat,  reaching  far  below  the  knee,  with 
standing  collar  and  ample  pockets,  olive-colored  velvet  breeches, 
with  silver  knee  buckles,  such  as  were  worn  by  gentlemen  of  that 
time;  gray  home-knit  stockings  and  low-quartered  shoes,  which  were 
exchanged  in  winter  for  red-topped  boots,  a  low-crowned,  broad- 
brimmed  beaver  hat  and  white-lawned  stock  buckled  behind.  In 
early  youth  he  united  with  the  M.  E.  Church  and  wore  the  white- 
\sL\vned  stock  and  broad-brimmed  hat  so^  characteristic  of  the  leader 
.  of  that  sect"  (Wroth,  Trans.,  1873).  He  retired  a:  about  sixty  to 
his  seat  in  the  country,  where  he  died  December  8,  1820. 

*Anderson,  James  Moat,  Jr.  Born  at  Chestertown,  Kent  County, 
Md.,  1774.  "He  was  the  oldest  son  of  Dr.  James  M.  Anderson  and 
received  his  literary  education  at  Washington  College  [Chester- 
town]  ;  his  medical  studies  were  pursued  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  Dr.  Rush,  of  Philadelphia,  and  he  attended  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  it  is  not  known  that  he  ever 
graduated,    but  he  commenced  practice  with  his  father,  and  was, 


+  Certainly  not.    I  have  seen  his  signature  to  a  diploma  in  1808,  and  it  is  simply 
'J.M.  Anderson.  Jr.,"  whilst  the  other  four  "Perquisitores"  all  sign  M.B.  or  M.D. 

302 


JOHN    B.    DAVIDGE 
1768-1829. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

on  his  resignation,  appointed  one  of  the  Examiners  of  the  Eastern 
Shore;  his  business  was  select  and  remunerative,  as  he  avoided 
extensive  employment  among  the  poorer  classes;  he  enjoyed  tihe 
reputation  of  being  a  skillful  practitioner.  He  died  at  Chester- 
town  very  suddenly  of  heart  disease,  May  31,  1830."  "Of  medium 
size,  well  formed,  of  comely  and  graceful  person,  lordly  in  his  car- 
riage and  deportment,  exceedingly  careful  in  his  dress,  a  refined, 
well-bred  gentleman'    (Wroth,  Trans.,   1873). 

^Anderson,  John  Wallace.  1828.  Bom  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1802. 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1828;  practiced  a  short  time  at 
Hagerstown;  sailed  for  Liberia,  Africa,  January  17,  1830,  and  died 
two  months  after  arrival  there.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Anderson,  John  Wallace.  1830.  Born  at  Rockville,  Md.,  about 
1805.  Educated  at  Rockville  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1830;  practiced  till  time  of  death.  Died  at  Rockville, 
July  8,  1867. 

*Anderson,  Warfield.  1801  (?).  See  list  of  1807.  (There  was  a 
"Warfield,  Anderson,  U.  S.  N.  Surgeon,  July  i,  1799,  discharged 
August  31,  1801,  under  peace  establishment" — Hammersley.)  (See 
Warfield,  Anderson.) 

Andre,  James  Ridgway.  1852.  Born  near  Seaford,  Sussex  County, 
Del.,  September  18,  1823.  Educated  at  Federalsburg  Academy, 
Dorchester  County,  Md.;  pupil  of  Prof.  S.  Chew;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1850 ;  practiced  at  Easton,  Md.,  1850-58 ;  at  Balti- 
more, 1858 — .     1 123  East  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Andrews,  Nathaniel  W.     1820.     Of  Ohio.     See  list  of  1848. 

Ankrim,  Louis  F.  1890.  Born  at  Chestnut  Level,  Lancaster  County, 
Pa.,  December  13,  1857,  Educated  at  Chestnut  Level  Academy 
and  West  Nottingham  Academy,  Md. ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1886;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  three  years ;  Vis- 
iting Physician,  Bayview  Hospital ;  Attending  Physician,  East 
Baltimore  and  City  Hospital  Dispensary;  moved  to  Pittsburg, 
1892;   practices  at  5201  Penn  Avenue,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

*Annan,  Andrew.  1829.  Born  at  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  April  29,  1805. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827;  Member  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  1864;  Member  Maryland  Legislature,  1874.  Died  at 
Emmitsburg,  July  7,  1896. 

20  303 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Annan,  Robert  Landales.  i8oi  (?).  Born  at  Neelytown,  N.  Y., 
November  22,  1765.  Educated  at  Brown  University,  Providence, 
R.  I. ;  certificate  of  Rush  of  two  and  one-half  years'  study  with 
him,  April  29,  1789;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1789; 
practiced  at  Emmitsburg,  Md.    Died  July  12,  1827. 

Annan,  Robert  Lewis.  1898.  Born  at  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  February 
22,  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1855;  reside-  at  Emmits- 
burg, Frederick  County,  Md. 

*Annan,  Samuel.  1822.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  1797.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  1820;  thesis,  "De  Apoplexia  Sanguinea;"  Presi- 
dent Royal  Physical  Society,  Edinburgh,  1820 ;  Assistant  Guy's  and 
St.  Thomas'  Hospitals,  London,  1820-21 ;  Founder  of  Wash- 
ington Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1827;  Professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology,  Washington  Medical  College,  1827-34;  Orator, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1835;  Attending  Physician,  Balti- 
more Almshouse,  1839-45 :  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children,  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky., 
1846-47;  Professor  of  Practice,  Transylvania  University,  1848; 
Superintendent  Western  Lunatic  Asylum,  Hopkinsville,  Ky.,  1853- 
57;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Line  Steamships  to 
Liverpool;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-64;  published  first  recorded 
cases  of  Bronchotomy  in  Maryland  {American  Medical  Recorder) ; 
invented  an  instrument  for  prolapsus  uteri.  Died  at  the  Church 
Home,  Baltimore,  January  19,   1868. 

Antrim,  William  W.  1877.  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1869.  (The 
name  does  not  occur  in   Polk,   1886 — .) 

Applegarth,  Edward  Carey.  1892.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, 1887;  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889;  Ph.D.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1890;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1892;  practiced  at  Baltimore   (Polk,  1893). 

*Archer,  James.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  August  2, 
1779.  Pupil  of  his  father,  J.  Archer,  M.B. ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1804;  practiced  in  Harford  County,  Md. ;  removed 
to  Mississippi,  1810.     Died  in  Mississippi,  May  15,  1815. 

*Archer,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Churchville,  Harford  County, 
Md.,  May  5,  1741;  son  of  Thomas  Archer.  Educated  at  Notting- 
ham Academy,  Cecil  County;  A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1760; 
A.M., Princeton,  1763;    studied  theology  and  became  a  minister  of 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Presbyterian  Church;  studied  medicine  with  Prof.  John  Mor- 
gan, M.D.;  attended  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia 
(Collegium  et  Academia  Philadelphiensis,  the  forerunner  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania),  1765-68;  practiced  in  New  Castle 
County,  Del.,  1767;  M.B.,  June  21,  1768,  receiving  the  first  diploma 
in  a  class  of  ten,  the  first  medical  graduate  in  America  (this  diplo- 
ma is  in  the  possession  of  the  Faculty)  ;  began  practice  in  Harford 
County,  1769;  on  Committee  of  Observation,  1774,  and  Chairman 
of  the  Committee,  1775 ;  Major  of  Upper  Battalion  of  Harford 
County,  1776;  Delegate  to  Maryland  Convention,  1776;  Judge  of 
the  Orphans'  Court,  1782;  Presidential  Elector,  1796;  Member  of 
Congress,  1801-07.  Between  1786  and  1800  he  trained  fifty  students 
in  medicine  at  his  place,  "Medical  Hall."  "Doctor  Archer  was  above 
medium  size,  possessing  great  bodily  strength  and  had  a  large  share 
of  both  monal  and  physical  courage.  His  mind  was  of  the  com- 
bative order,  never  courting  yet  never  declining  controversy,  if 
lue  cause  to  be  upheld  was  of  moment,  and  his  sarcasm  when 
roused  is  said  to  have  been  withering."  "He  was  admired  for  his 
strength  of  character,  he  was  honored  for  his  incorruptible  integ- 
rity. In  his  portraits  his  physiognomy  is  remarkably  stern;  his 
heart,  however,  was  exceedingly  kind  and  he  was  ever  prompt  to  re- 
lieve the  distressed  or  resent  their  wrongs."  Died  in  Harford 
County,  Md.,   September  28,  1810. 

*Archer,  John,  Jr.  1801  (?).  Born  at  "Medical  Hall,"  Harford 
County,  Md.,  October  g,  1777.  Pupil  of  his  father  (John  Archer. 
M.B.)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1798;  Surgeon,  Mary- 
land Militia,  War  of  1812.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  21,  1830. 

*Archer,  Robert  Harris.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
August  28,  1775.  Pupil  of  his  father  (John  Archer,  M.B.);  prac- 
ticed at  Baltimore,  1798-1805;  Physician  to  City  Hospital,  Balti- 
more; Surgeon,  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia, 
1799;  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1805-09;  practiced  in  Cecil  County,  Md., 
1809-19;  Censor,  1819;  Member  of  Legislature,  1819-23;  removed 
to  Harford  County,  1822 ;  on  Governor's  Council,  1823-27 ;  Judge 
of  the  Orphans'  Court,  1847-57.     Died  May  19,  1857. 

*Archer,  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
February  23,  1768.  Pupil  of  his  father  (John  Archer,  M.B.)  ;  prac- 
ticed in  Harford  County,  and  died  there  October  7,  1821.  He  was 
an  invalid  for  many  years.  "No  human  being  could  lay  a  wrong  at 
his  door." 

305 


MEDICAL,  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Archer,  William  S.  1892.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  October 
22,  1855.  A.B.  and  A.M.,  Princeton  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1880;    practices  'at  Bel  Air,  Md. 

■*Armitage,  James.  1831.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1811.  Student  of  Dr. 
Corbin  Amos;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831;  Member  of 
City  Council,  Baltimore,  and  President  of  Second  Branch,  1851. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  February  26,  1896. 

*Armstrong,  Robert  W.  1810.  Examined  by  Dr.  Martin,  of  Eastern 
Shore  Board,  May  I.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1810  (?);  settled  at  Baltimore,  1815.  Of  Eastern  Shore  of  Mary- 
land.    In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Arnest,  John.  181  i.  Born  at  Baltimore  (of  Welsh  descent).  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1808;  settled  for  practice  at  Balti- 
more; Surgeon's  Mate,  Fifty-first  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia, 
1814;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1813-17;  Attend- 
ing Physician  to  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1811-14;  moved  to 
Virginia,  and  died  at  "Nomini  Hall,"  near  The  Hague,  Westmore- 
land County,  Va.,  about  1832-34.  He  married  twice;  first,  Miss 
Maund;  second,  Miss  Nicholson,  both  of  Baltimore,  and  had  sev- 
eral children  by  each.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Arnold,  Abram  B.  Born  at  Jebenhausen,  Wiirttemberg,  February  4, 
1820.  Emigrated  to  America,  1832-33.  A.B.,  Mercersburg  Col- 
lege, Pa.,  1842;  student  of  Dr.  R.  Dehwers,  New  York;  attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  Washington  Uni- 
versity, Baltimore;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  1848;  prac- 
ticed, first,  at  Carlisle,  Pa.;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, 1871-72;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland,  1873-74  and  1875-76;  President  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1877-78;  Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine, 
Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1872-77 ;  Professor  of  Nervous 
Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Bialtimore,  1877- 
89;  Emeritus  Professor,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1889 — ;  Consulting  Physician  to  Hebrew  Hospital,  Baltimore,  re- 
tired, 1892;  author  of  "Manual  of  Nervous  Diseases,"  8vo.  His 
attention  was  directed  especially  to  Nervous  Diseases.  2016  Madi- 
son Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Arnold,  Jacob  Dennis.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  11,  1856. 
A.B.,  Georgetown  University,  1873 ;  A.M.,  Georgetown  University, 
1877;  Certificated  Licentiate  University  of  Vienna,  1881 ;  First  As- 

306 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sistant,  London  Central  Throat  and  Ear  Hospital,  1882-83.  M.D., 
Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1876;  Lecturer  on  Throat  and 
Ear  Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1884- 
85;  President  and  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Throat  and  Ear,  San 
Francisco  Polyclinic,  1887-91;  Specialist  in  Laryngology.  Of  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Aronsohn,  Abraham  T.  1881.  Born  at  Konigsberg,  Prussia,  October 
I,  1848.  Ph.D.,  University  of  Berlin,  1870  (?);  M.D.,  Wooster 
University,    Ohio,    1876.     1601    Linden   Avenue,   Baltimore. 

AsHBY,  Thomas  A.  1877.  Born  near  Front  Royal,  Warren  County. 
Va.,  November  18,  1848.  Educated  at  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity, Lexington,  Va.;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873; 
Prosector,  1873-74;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital,  1875- 
79;  Founder  of  the  Maryland  Medical  Journal,  1877;  Editor  of  the 
Journal,  1877-88;  Lecturer,  Spring  Course,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1877;  Founder  of  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore, 
1882;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1882-98; 
Professor  of  Gynaecology  and  Obstetrics,  Baltimore  Polyclinic, 
1884;  Physician  to  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital;  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1889-97;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women,  University  of  Maryland, 
iSgy—;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association;  President,  Bahi- 
more  Gynaecological  and  Obstetrical  Society;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1889-90;  President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1890-91 ;  Treasurer,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1898—.     1125  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*AsHT0N,  Henry.  1801  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1803. 
Of  Washington  City.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Athey,  Caleb  Noble.  Born  at  Leesburg,  Va.,  September  17,  1868; 
son  of  William  Wesley  Athey.  Educated  at  Leesburg  Academy; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Assistant,  Children's  Qinic, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary  to  1900.  2  Hudson  Street, 
extended,  Baltimore. 

Atkinson,  A.  Duvall.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  26,  1870; 
son  of  L  E.  Atkinson.  Educated  at  Johns  Hopkins  University; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Assistant  Resident  Physician, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1895-96;  Pathologist  to  Hospital  for  Crip- 
pled and  Deformed  Children,  Baltimore,  1898-99;  Assistant  Visiting 
Physician,  Hospital  for  Crippled  and  Deformed  Children,  1899 ;  As- 
sociate Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of  Maryland. 
609  Cathedral   Street,  Baltimore. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Atkinson,  Archibald.  1875.  Born  at  Smithfield,  Isle  of  Wight 
County,  Va.,  February  23,  1832.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  1854; 
later  at  Dublin,  Rotunda  Hospital,  and  at  the  University  of  Paris; 
settled  at  Baltimore ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics, 
Baltimore  Medical  College.     2101  Maryland  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Atkinson,  Gordon  T.  1885.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1846.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1869;  President, 
Somerset  County  School  Board;  President,  Board  of  Town  Com- 
missioners, Crisfield,  Md. ;  Surgeon,  W.  S.  M.  St.  S. 

Atkinson,  Isaac  Edmondson.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January 
23,  1846.  Educated  at  the  School  of  Letters,  University  of 
Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1865;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1873;  Superintendent  of  Vaccination,  1883;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  and  Baltimore  Special  Dispensary ; 
Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology,  University  of  Maryland,  1879- 
81 ;  Professor  of  Pathology,  University  of  Maryland,  1881-86 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica,  University  of  Maryland,  1886-1900; 
Emeritus  Professor,  1900 — ;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland,  1890-93; 
President,  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland;  Vice-President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1881-82,  1884-85;  President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1887-88;  President,  American 
Dermatological  Society,  1887-88;  Consulting  Physician,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital ;  Member  of  Lunacy  Commission  of  Maryland;  author 
of  article  in  "Pepper's  System  of  Medicine."  609  Cathedral  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Atkinson,  Thomas  C.  1846.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland.  1844: 
Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1850.  See  list  of  1848.  (There  was 
a  Thomas  C.  Atkinson  at  Ball  Flat,  Cherokee  County,  Ala.,  1893 — 
Polk.) 

*Austin,  Philip  H.,  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1822.  A.M.,  Yale, 
1844;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845;  D.D.S.,  Baltimore  Col- 
lege of  Dental  Surgery,  1849;  Vaccine  Physician,  1851-52;  Lec- 
turer on  Chemistry  and  Metallurgy,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental 
Surgery;  Professor  of  Mechanism,  Chemistry,  Anatomy  and  Phy- 
siology, Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1852-60;  Dean,  Bal- 
timore College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1853-65;  Professor  of  Dental 
Science,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1860-75 ;  author  of 

308 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"Principles  and  Practice  of  Dentistry,"  by  Chapin  A.  Harris,  tenth 
edition,  1871 ;  Translator  of  "Diseases  and  Surgical  Operations  of 
Mouth,"  8vo,  from  French  of  Jourdan,  Philadelphia,  1851.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  October  28,  1878. 

*Ayres,  Ely.  1821.  Of  Cape  Mensurado,  Africa.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

*Baden,  Joseph  Abell.  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  1833.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1856;  practiced  in  St.  Mary's  County  till 
1861;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  Longstreet's  Command;  after  the  War, 
practiced  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  removing  to  Baltimore  about  1876; 
Supreme  Commander,  Order  of  Golden  Chain  and  Medical  Exam- 
iner of  Royal  Arcanum.     Died  at  Baltimore,  January  20,  1902. 

*Baer,  Charles  J.  1856.  Born  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  August  8, 
1823;  son  of  Jacob  S.  Baer.  Educated  at  Frederick  Academy, 
Baltimore  City  College  and  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1845;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1846;  settled 
for  practice  at  Middletown,  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  Examining 
Surgeon  of  his  Congressional  District  during  the  Civil  War;  at 
battle  of  South  Mountain  attended  Col.  R.  B.  Hayes  and  saved  hi.«: 
arm;  practiced  twenty-seven  years;  later  life  spent  in  agriculture 
in  Roanoke  County,  Va.     Died  in  Virginia,  April  30,  1888. 

*Baer,  Jacob  Shellman.  1808.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md., 
May  22,  1783;  son  of  Henry  Baer.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1808;  Surgeon  to  Regiment  of  Western  Maryland  Troops 
at  Battle  of  North  Point,  1814;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1848-51;  President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  185S-56;  practiced  at  Frederick  City  and  Mid- 
dletown, Frederick  County,  for  fifty-seven  years.  Died  in  Fred- 
erick County,  April   lO,   1866. 

*Baer,  Michael  Shellman.,  1822.  Born  in  Maryland,  179S ;  brother 
of  J.  S.  Baer.  M.D..  University  of  Maryland,  1818;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1822-26;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1824;  Member  of  City  Council,  1830-31;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1852-53.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
June  8,  1854. 

Baer,  William  Stevenson.  1899.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  November  25, 
1872.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1894;  M.D.,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,    1898;   Interne,  Johns  Hopkins   Hospital,   1898-99; 

309 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Assistant  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1899-1900; 
Instructor  in  Orthopaedic  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and 
'n  charge  of  orthopsed'.c  v/ork.     21  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Bain,  James.  Demonstrator  or  Prosector  of  Anatomy,  University 
of  Maryland,  1814-16;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1821-23;  testi- 
fied in  impeachment  of  Prof.  R.  W.  Hall,  Baltimore,  1843. 

*Baker,  Alfred.  1852.  Born  at  Baltimore;  youngest  son  of  Dr.  Sam- 
uel Baker.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845.  Died  about  1852 
of  consumption,   succeeding  smallpox.     See   Treasurer's  book. 

Baker,  Charles  D.  1899.  Born  near  Frederick  City,  Md.,  September 
8,  1857.  A.B.,  1879;  A.M.,  1882,  Lebanon  Valley  College,  Annville, 
Pa. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  President,  Washington 
County  Medical  Society,  1898-99  Of  Rohrersville,  Washington 
County,  Md. 

*Baker,  Edward.  1822.  Censor,  1831.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*Baker,  Samuel.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  31,  1785.  Educated 
at  Wasihington  Collegei,  Chestertown;  student  of  Dirs.  Little- 
john  and  Wm.  Donaldson;;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1808;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  College  of  Medicine  of  Mary- 
land and  University  of  Maryland,  1809-33 ;  Dean,  University  of 
Maryland,  1829-30;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dis- 
pensary, Baltimore  Almshouse  and  Baltimore  Female  Orphan  Asy- 
lum; President,  Baltimore  Medical  Society;  Secretary,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1809-13 ;  Founder  of  Library,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1830;  President,  Medical  So- 
ciety of  Baltimore  about  1824-30;  Founder  and  First  President, 
Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Baltimore,  1830  (?)-i835.  "A  pat- 
tern of  religious  and  moral  goodness."  Died  at  Baltimore,  October 
16,  1835. 

*Baker,  Samuel  George.  1834.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  2,  1814; 
son  of  last-named.  A.B.,  Yale  College,  1832;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1835 ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  University  of  Mary- 
land (Regents'  School),  1837-41;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland, 
1839 ;  Editor  of  the  Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1839- 
40.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  i,  1841. 

*Baker,  William.  Founder.  1799.  On  Committee  of  Correspondence 
of  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1774.  Died  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  1812. 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

310 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Baker,   William    H.     1854.     See   Treasurer's    book. 

*Baker,  William  Nelson.  1833.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  17, 
181 1 ;  son  of  S.  Baker.  A.B.,  Yale,  1830;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1832;  had  private  dissecting  room,  1834-37;  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Lecturer  on  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland  (Re- 
gents' School),   1838-41.     Died  at  Baltimore,  February,  16,   1841. 

*Baldwin,  Edwin  Candee,  1845.  Born  at  Southbury,  New  Haven 
County,  Conn.,  1813.  Came  to  Baltimore  in  1838  and  taught  in  the 
public  schools  until  1843;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1844; 
Physician  to  the  County  Almshouse;  Vaccine  Physician,  Balti- 
more, 1857;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1885-86;  retired.  1897,  and  moved  to  Dover,  N.  J.  Died  there 
March  29,    1901. 

^Baldwin,  Oliver  B.  1821.  M.D.  Of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Ballard,  Levin  W.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819.  Of 
Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Baltzell,  Frank  Emanuel.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  29, 
1847.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1869;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871. 
Died  at  Baltimore,   March   16,    1879. 

*Baltzell,  John.  1801.  Author  of  "Essay  on  Sweet  Spring  Waters," 
presented  at  the  Convention  of  1802  (Federal  Gazette,  June  16, 
1802).     Of  Frederick  City,  Md. 

"■Baltzell,  William  H..  1855.  Bom  at  Frederick  City,  1832.  A.B., 
Princeton  College,  1851;  pupil  of  Dr.  William  Tyler;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1854 ;  at  Chicago,  1855-61 ;  in  Prince 
George  County,  Md.,  1861-65;  later  practiced  at  Frederick  City; 
President,  Frederick  County  Medical  Society,  1898-99 ;  Attending 
Physician,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institute.  Died  at  Frederick  City, 
September  19,  1899. 

"^Baltzell,  William  Hewson.  Born  at  Gallatin,  near  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  December  13,  1819.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore, 
1842;  pupil  of  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1843 ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  August  25,  1873.     Trans.,  1874. 

Baltzell,  William  Hewson.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  23,  1858. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889;  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  1890-93.    805  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 


/■ 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Bantz,  William.  1812.  Born,  1790.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1812.     Died  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  March  10,  1823. 

*Barbek,  George  A.  1821.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821.  Of 
Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See  list  of  1848.  (Not  a  Barber 
originally;  is  said  to  have  changed  his  name  from  Slye  to  Barber, 
from  motives  of  interest.) 

*Barber,  Luke  Philip.  Born  at  "Luckland,"  on  the  Wicomico  River, 
St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  August  3,  1777;  son  of  Barnet  White 
Barber.  Married  Miss  Bruce  Yates,  niece  of  Dr.  Walter  Bruce, 
of  Nottingham,  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  1803 ;  they  had 
eleven  children,  one,  Dr.  L.  P.  Barber,  Jr.  Practiced  at  Chap- 
tico,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  "A  large  and  tall  man  and  a  large 
eater"  (E.  J.  Coad).     Died  May  11,  1858,  and  buried  at  "Luckland." 

*Barber,  Luke  Philip,  Jr.  Born  at  "Luckland,"  August  17,  1805; 
son  of  L.  P.  Barber.  Practiced  in  Charles  County,  and  later  at 
Chaptico,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  ("Luckland,"  the  family  seat)  ; 
he  v^ras  paralyzed  some  years  previous  to  his  death,  at  "Luckland," 
February  10  1875 ;  he  never  married.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and 
1873. 

Barker,  Lew^ellys  Franklin.  1896.  Born  in  Oxford  County,  On- 
tario, Canada,  September  16,  1867.  M.B.  and  Medalist  at  Toronto 
University,  1890;  L.C.P.  and  S.,  Ontario;  Assistant  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891-92;  Fellow  in  Pathology, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1892-93;  Associate  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy, Johns  Hopkins  University,  1898-1900;  Assistant  Pathologist, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1892-99;  Pathologist,  1899-1900;  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy,  University  of  Chicago,  1900 — ;  author  of 
"The  Nervous  System  and  its  Constituent  Neurones,"  Nevir  York, 
1899. 

Barnes,  William  M.  1890.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  1824. 
Read  theology  and  passed  examinations  for  Deacon  in  Christian 
Ministry,  1865,  and  those  of  Presbyter,  1870;  pupil  of  Dr.  H.  L. 
Byrd ;  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  and  at  the  Baltimore  Medical  College ;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1883 ;  Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, Baltimore  Medical  College,  for  one  year ;  President  of  the 
Alumni  Association,  Baltimore  Medical  College.  1525  West  Lan- 
vale  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Barnett,  John.  Born  near  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  February 
15,  1780.     Entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  Medical  School 

312 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  the  fall  of  1800  and  graduated  February,  1803  (this  is  the 
statement  of  the  family,  but  the  name  is  not  in  the  catalogue)  ; 
began  practice  at  St.  Michael's  in  1803 ;  later  removed  to  his  farm 
near  Royal  Oak;  in  active  practice  for  over  fifty  years.  He  directed 
his  account  books  to  be  burned  at  his  death.  Died  on  his  farm 
near   St.    Michael's,   Talbot    County,    Md.,    September  6,    1858. 

Barrett,  Arthur  G.  1899.  Born  near  North  East,  Cecil  County, 
Md.,  July  28,  1873.  Educated  at  West  Nottingham  Academy, 
1887-90;  graduated  in  Pharmacy,  1893,  and  Licentiate  in  Phar- 
macy, Delaware  and  Maryland;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1896; 
Demonstrator  of  Chemistry,  Baltimore  University,  1897-98;  Pro- 
fessor, 1898-99 ;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Nervous  Diseases  and  Diseases 
of  Children,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Ph.D.  (Honor- 
ary), University  of  Indiana,  1899;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,   1900.     1641   Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Barrett,  James  D.  1817.  Of  Bladensburg,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848 
and   1853. 

Barron,  John.  1879.  Born  at  Clonmel,  Ireland,  March  26,  1843. 
Emigrated  to  the  United  States,  1845 ;  educated  at  Loyola  College, 
and  St.  James'  Institute,  Philadelphia;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1877 ;  practiced  at  Philadelphia ;  later  at  Baltimore ;  since 
1880,  at  Govanstown,  Baltimore  County,  Md. 

Barrow,  Bernard.  1899.  Born  in  Brunswick  County,  Va.,  December 
15,  1874.  Educated  at  Randolph-Macon  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1897;  Medical  Examiner  for  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad ;  stationed  at  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Barry,  William  J.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land. 1844;  appointed  from  Maryland,  Major  and  Surgeon  to  the 
Eleventh  Infantry,  April  9,  1847;  disbanded,  August  14,  1848.  Of 
Baltimore  (1844-55,  Librarian's  book).     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Bartholow,  Roberts.  1854.  Honorary.  1878.  Born  in  Howard 
County,  Md.,  November  18,  1831.  A.B.,  Calvert  College,  Mary- 
land, 1848;  A.M.,  Calvert  College,  1854;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1852;  Assistant  Surgeon.  U.S.A.,  1857-64;  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  Cincinnati,  1864-69;  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1869-74;  Pro- 
fessor of  Practice  and  Dean,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1874-79; 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics  and  Hygiene,  Jeffer- 
son   Medical    College,    Philadelphia,    1879-90;    Emeritus    Professor 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  Materia  Medica.  Therapeutics  and  Hygiene,  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1890 — ;  LL.D.,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Emmitsburg, 
Md.,  1827;  author  of  "Enlisting  and  Discharging  Soldiers,  the 
Ofificial  Authority  of  the  War  Department;"  of  four  prize  essays; 
of  a  "Manual  of  Hypodermatic  Medication;"  of  a  treatise  on 
"Spermatorrhoea;"  of  a  treatise  on  "Materia  Medica  and  Thera- 
peutics" (eight  editions)  ;  of  a  treatise  on  "Practice"  (seven 
editions)  ;  of  a  work  "On  the  Antagonism  Between  Medicines 
and  Between  Remedies  and  Diseases ;"   Editor  of   The  Clinic. 

*Bartlett,  Elisha.  Born  at  Smithfield,  R.  I.,  1804.  Educated  at 
Friends'  School,  New  York;  attended  medical  lectures  at  Boston 
and  Providence;  M.D.,  Brown  University,  Rhode  Island,  1826; 
settled  in  practice  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  1827;  Professor  in  nine  schools 
in  the  North  and  West,  and  a  frequent  visitor  to  Europe;  Pro- 
fessor of  Practice,  University  of  Maryland,  1844-46;  Mayor  of 
Lowell,  1836-38;  member  of  Massachusetts  Legislature,  1840  (two 
terms)  ;  author  of  "Sketches  of  Living  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Paris,"  Trans.,  Boston,  1831 ;  a  "Treatise  on  Fevers,"  8vo,  1842 
(four  editions)  ;  "Philosophy  of  Medical  Science,"  8vo,  1844; 
"Inquiry  into  Degree  of  Certainty  in  Medicine,"  8vo,  1848: 
"Poems,"  1855.  He  was  an  able  writer  and  teacher.  Died  at 
Smithfield,  R.  I.,  1855.     (See  sketch  by  Dr.  Osier.) 

Barton,  Harry  Rosgelle.  1897.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  October  23, 
1869;  son  of  Francis  T.  Barton.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College, 
Va.,  1885-89;  M.D.,  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  1892;  Instructor 
in  Medicine,  Beaumont  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1898-1900; 
Lecturer  in  Medicine,  1900 — ;  Adjuster  of  Claims,  Fidelity  Mutual 
Aid  Association,  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.  603  North  Garrison  Ave- 
nue, St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Barwick,  G.  Irwin.  1899.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md..  March  28, 
1869.  A.B.,  1891,  later,  A.M.,  Western  Maryland  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1894 ;  resides  at  Kennedyville,  Md. 

*Batchelor,  Kemp  Battle.  1892.  B'orn  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  1866. 
Educated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina ;  M.D.  and  Ex- 
amination Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1889 ;  Assistant 
Physician,  University  Hospital,  1889-90 ;  Resident  Physician, 
Lying-in  Hospital,  1890;  Chief  of  Obstetrical  Clinic,  University  of 
Maryland ;  Associate  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1896-97 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Clinical  Medi- 
cine, Woman's  Medical  College,  1897-98;  Professor  of  Physiology, 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Woman's    Medical  College,    1898.     Died     at    Baltimore,    December 
24,    1898. 

Bateman,  James  M.  H.  1894.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  November  9, 
1844.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867;  President  of  the  State 
Board  of  Health  of  Maryland;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania  Railroad; 
practices  at  Easton,  Md. 

Bates,  John  W.  Plummer.  1894.  Born  at  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  Novem- 
ber 21,  1837.  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1862;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Southern  Dispensary,  Baltimore,  1862-67;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1862-67;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Balti- 
more,  1875-76.     930  West   North   Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Baxley,  Henry  Minifie.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  26,  1868; 
son  of  Mr.  J.  Brown  Baxley.  Educated  at  Oxford  School,  Balti- 
more; Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1888;  M.D.,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1892;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics,  Maryland  Medical  College;  Attending  Physician, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary.  1129  West  North  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

*Baxley,  Henry  Willis.  1824.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June,  1803. 
Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1824;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dis- 
pensary, 1826-29;  Attending  Physician,  Maryland  Penitentiary, 
1831-32;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland, 
1834-37;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  University  of 
Maryland  (Trustees'  School),  1837-39;  Founder,  and  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery, 1839;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1842-47;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1848; 
Physician  to  Almshouse,  1849-50;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Medical 
College  of  Ohio,  1850,  and  of  Surgery,  1852 ;  Government  Inspector 
of  Hospitals,  1865 ;  in  Europe,  1866-75 ;  he  was  the  author  of  works 
on  the  "West  Coast  of  America  and  Hawaiian  Islands,"  8vo,  New 
York,  1865,  and  "Spain,"  2  vols.,  8vo,  London,  1875.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, March  13,  1876. 

*Baxley,  J.  Brown,  Jr.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  5,  1856. 
Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1876;  Apothecary,  Balti- 
more General  Dispensary,  1880-82;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1884;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1884- 
92.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  12,  1892. 

*Bayly,  Alexander  H.  1834.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md., 
1814.     M.D.,  University  of  Maryland.  1835;  Vice-President,  Medi- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cal  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1881-82;  Mayor  of  Cambridge  for  over 
thirty  years ;  President,  Maryland  State  Lunacy  Commission. 
Died  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  March  14,  1892. 

*Beale,  Joseph,  Jr.  1851.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  December  13,  1814. 
Educated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1836;  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Navy,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1837;  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  March  14,  1843;  Sur- 
geon, April  19,  1848;  Fleet  Surgeon,  1866-68;  Medical  Director, 
March,  1871 ;  President,  Board  of  Examiners,  1872-73;  Surgeon- 
General,  July  8,  1873 ;  Chief,  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
1873-76;  retired,  December  30,  1876.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1889. 

*Beanes,  William,  Jr.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Maryland,  January 
24,  1749.  Married  Sarah  Hawkins  Hanson,  November  25,  1773.  He 
WSLS  a  leading  Physician  and  Planter  at  Upper  Marlboro,  Prince 
George  County,  Md. ;  on  the  committee  to  carry  into  execution 
in  Prince  George  County  the  Association  of  the  American  Conti- 
nental Congress ;  prior  to  1777,  Surgeon  in  General  Hospital.  Died 
at  "Academy  Hill,"  Upper  Marlboro,  October  12,  1823,  without 
issue.  It  was  the  imprisonment  of  his  friend.  Dr.  Beanes,  on 
board  an  English  ship  in  the  Bay,  1814,  that  led  Key  to  go  aboard 
and  seek  his  release,  and  thus  gave  occasion  and  inspiration  for 
our  national  song.  He  was  an  accomplished  scholar  and  a  popu- 
lar gentleman. 

*Beatty,  Charles  A.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Pennsylvania,  1762. 
Educated  by  Rev.  Dr.  Balch,  of  Lower  Marlboro,  Md.,  1774-77;  at- 
tended one  course  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  Surgeon's 
Mate  in  the  United  States  Army  until  1800;  practiced  in  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md. ;  moved  to  Georgetown,  D.  C,  1818,  where 
he  held  a  prominent  professional  position.  He  owned  the  land 
on  which  Washington  City  was  laid  out.  Died  at  Georgetown, 
D.  C,   October   13,   1838. 

*Beatty,  George  Dobbin.  1877.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  November  30, 
1837.  Pupil  of  Prof.  F.  Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1863 ;  Attending  Physician,  Special  Dispensary.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  October   19,   1877.     He  was  a  skillful  microscopist. 

Beatty,  Joseph  Edward.  1899.  Born  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  July 
II,  1839.  Educated  at  Frederick  Academy,  graduating  in  1855; 
M.D.,   University   of   Maryland,    1861;   Assistant   Surgeon   in   the 

316 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

United  States  Army,  1861-62 ;  Surgeon,  1862-65 ;  Division  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.  Ninth  Army  Corps,  1865;  Health  Officer  of  Middletown, 
Maryland. 

*Beatty,  Robert  H.  1821.  Of  Washington  County,  Md.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*Beatty,  Stephens  Rittenhouse.  1824.  Born  in  Washington  County, 
Md.  M.D.,  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  1828 ;  prac- 
ticed at  Clear  Spring,  Washington  County,  Md.,  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
and  Washington,  D.  C.  Died  at  Winchester,  Va.,  March,  1830 
(by    suicide). 

*Beatty,  William.  1823.  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

Becher,  Frederick.  1847.  Native  of  Germany.  M.D.  See  list  of 
1848. 

Beckley,  Edwin  Luther.  1894.  Born  at  Woodsboro,  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  March  26,  1858.  Educated  at  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege, Gettysburg;  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Virginia  and  Jefferson  Medical  College ;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical 
College,   1879 ;  practices  at  Middletown,  Md. 

Bell,  Samuel  A.,  1888.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  1842.  Educated  at 
West  Philadelphia  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery,  Philadelphia,  1864;  Contract  Surgeon,  United  States 
Army,  1864;  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Army,  1865-69;  set- 
tled at  Baltimore,  1869;  Vaccine  Physician,  1871-77;  Coroner  of  the 
Southern  District  three  times ;  Medical  Examiner,  Royal  Arcanum, 
for  sixteen  years ;  Medical  Examiner  of  Recruits,  1898 — .  658  West 
Saratoga  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Belser,  Augustus  Frederick.     1820.     See  list  of  1848. 

Belt,  Alfred  McGill.  1882.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  March 
18,  1847.  M.D..  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1881 ;  organized  the  first  Free  Dispensary  for  Women  in  Mary- 
land, 1881 ;  Attending  Physician,  Free  Dispensary  for  Women, 
1881-85.     1031  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Belt,  Edward  Oliver.  Bom  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1861.  MD., 
University  of  Maryland,  1886;  Founder  and  Surgeon,  Episcopal 
Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Surgeon,  Freed- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

man's  Hospital ;  Professor  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  Howard 
University,  Washington,  D.  C.  1701  H  Street  N.  W.,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

*Belt,  Lloyd.  1817.  Born  in  Maryland,  1796.  Moved  to  Georgia  in 
1815;  married  Miss  Julia  Berrien,  1817;  left  two  sons,  both  phy- 
sicians, Richard  B.  and  Lloyd  Carlton  Belt.  Died  at  Waynesboro, 
Burk  County,  Ga.,   1824.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Belt,  Richard  Grafton.  1822.  Born  in  Maryland  (?),  1784.  M.D., 
University,  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  practiced  at  Baltimore ;  Censor, 
Baltimore,  1831.  Died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  July  31,  1865.  See 
list  of  1848. 

Belt,  Samuel  Jones.  1887.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Oc- 
tober 6,  1844.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1868;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1876.      314  North  Exeter  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Belt,  Walter  T.  1836.  Born  about  1812.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1835 ;  settled  at  Vansville,  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
Died  at  Beltsville,  Md.,  August,  1872.  See  Treasurer's  book  and 
lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Bennett,  James  Bates.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  12,  1867; 
son  of  Richard  Bennett.  Educated  at  Baltimiore  City  College; 
M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889;  M.D.,  University  of 
Wiirzburg,  1892;  Assistant  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  1892- 
95;  Demonstrator  of  Operative  Surgery,  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1898-1901;  Assooiate  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery,  Balti- 
more Medidal  College,  1901;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Antlhony's 
Orphanage,   1899.     23  South  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

Bennum,  Charles  Henry.  1894.  Born  at  Georgetown,  Del.,  Octo- 
ber 24,  1867.  Ph.G.,  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  1890; 
M.D.,  Medico-Chirurgical  College,  Philadelphia,  1892;  United 
States   Pension   Surgeon;   practices  at  Girdletree,   Md. 

Benson,  Benjamin  R.  1885.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  January  6, 
1854.  Pupil  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Benson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
^^73 ;  practiced  in  Carroll  County,  but  removed  to  Cockeysville 
in    1875. 

*Benson,  George  W.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md., 
April  8,   1831.     Entered  a  drug  store  at  Baltimore  in  1848;  M.D., 

318 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

University  of  Maryland,  1852;  Vaccine  Physician,  1853-54;  Coroner, 
1856  (two  terms)  ;  Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore  (two  terms). 
Died  at  Blaltimore,  August  22,  1893. 

Benson,  Joshua  Edward.  1892.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Sep- 
tember 7,  i860.  Pupil  of  Dr.  B.  R.  Benson;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,   1884;    practices   at   Cockeysville,   Md. 

Benton,  John  R.  1899.  Born  at  Kent  Island,  Queen  Anne  County, 
Md.,  September  3,  1858.  Educated  at  the  State  Normal  School; 
taught  in  the  public  schools  three  years ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1883 ;  Health  Officer  for  two  years ;  practices  at  Kent  Island, 
Md. 

*Bergsten,  Nicholas.  1800.  Born  in  Sweden.  M.D.  (claimed  to 
be  a  graduate  of  University  of  Upsala)  ;  lived  on  the  Western 
Shore  of  Maryland  (Baltimore?)  ;  later,  in  Isle  of  France.  Said 
to  be  alive  in  1848.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Berkley,  Henry  J.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  17,  i860.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  Demonstrator  of  Physiology,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  continued  studies  in  Vienna; 
commenced  practice  at  Baltimore  in  1888;  Chief  of  Neurological 
Clinic,  University  of  Maryland,  1888-90;  Associate  in  Neuro- 
pathology, Johns  Hopkins  University;  Clinical  Lecturer  in  Psy- 
chiatry, Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-98;  Clinical  Professor  of 
Psychiatry,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1898 — ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Bayview  Asylum.     1305   Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

^Berkeley  (or  Berkley),  James.  1801  (?).  M.D.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848. 

Bermann,  Isidor  Samuel  Leopold.  Born  at  Darmstadt,  Hessen,  Jan- 
uary 7,  1845.  Educated  at  Darmstadt  and  Frankfort-on-the-Main; 
studied  medicine  at  Marburg,  Wiirzburg  and  Vienna;  M.D., 
Wiirzburg,  1878;  Assis.t>ant  to  Professor  Kiilz,  Marburg;  Physician 
to  the  Maryland  Eye  and  Ear  Iniirmiary,  1879-80;  Physician  to 
Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1882-f- ;  resides 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Bernstein,    Edward   J.     1893.     Born    at    Baltimore,    August   25,    1863. 

Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1884;   M.D.,  University  of 

Maryland,    1887;    Resident  Physician,    Hebrew    Hospital,    1887-89; 

Oculist  and  Aurist  to  Bay\-icw   Hospital   and   House  of  Refuge; 

21  319 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Laryngologist  to  the  Hebrew  Hospital ;  Clinical  Lecturer  on  the 
Nose  and  Throat  and  Clinical  Professor,  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and 
Throat  Diseases,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  1898- 1900. 

*Berry,  John.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828  ("Tenn."j. 
Of  Baltimore.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead;  also  marked  dead 
in  Dr.  Fonerden's  list  of  1837. 

*Beucke,  John  Anthony.  1829.  Born  at  Twistringen,  Hannover,  Ger- 
many, February  10,  1798;  son  of  John  Henry  Beucke.  Attended 
Gymnasium  at  Miinster  and  graduated  M.D.,  at  the  University  of 
Gottingen,  1826  (cum  laude)  ;  practiced  at  Bremen,  emigrating  to 
Baltimore  in  1829;  was  in  Baltimore,  according  to  Librarian's  book, 
1830-44.     See  MS.  Archives  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Bevan,  Charles  Frederick.  1875.  Born,  June  14,  1850.  Educated 
at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871 ; 
Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1876-78;  At- 
tending Physician,  Baltimore  Special  Dispensary,  1872  until  its 
close ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1872-76;  Lecturer  on  Osteology,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1875-76 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1876-88;  Professor  of  Surgery,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1888 — ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Bal- 
timore College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1876-78;  Attending  Physician, 
Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  1878 — ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bayview 
Hospital,  1888 — ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Seventh  Regiment  of 
M.  N.  G.,  1877.     807  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Biedler,  Hampson  Hubert.  1884.  Born  at  Page  View,  Page  County, 
Va.,  August  26,  1854.  Educated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute;  pupil 
of  Drs.  Miller  and  Brumbach,  Luray;  A.M.  (Honorary),  Loyola 
College,  1898;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1876;  practiced  in 
Rappahannock  County,  Va. ;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1882 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  Women,  1883,  and  later,  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery, Baltimore  Medical  College;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Balti- 
more University ;  Dean,  Baltimore  University ;  President,  Balti- 
more Medical  Association ;  Examiner  of  National  Life  Insurance 
Company  of  Vermont,  American  Union  and  Michigan  Mutual  Life 
Insurance  Companies. 

Biggs,  Augustine  A.  1836.  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1836. 
Of  Washington  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

320 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Biggs,  Joseph  W.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of 
Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Billings,  John  Shaw.  Honarary.  1879.  Born  in  Switzerland  County, 
Ind.,  April  12,  1838.  A.B.,  Miami  University,  Oxford,  O.,  1857; 
A.M.,  Miami  University,  i860;  M.D.,  Ohio  Medical  College,  Cin- 
cinnati, i860;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1876;  Cura- 
tor, Army  Medical  Museum  and  Library,  Washington,  D.  C, 
President,  Philosophical  Society,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Medical  Ad- 
viser, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1877-89;  Lecturer  on  Municipal 
Hygiene,  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  Columbia  College, 
N.  Y.;  President,  American  Public  Helalth  Association,  1880; 
Oratoir,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1883;  LL.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  1884;  of  Harvard,  1886,  and  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1902;  D.C.L.,  University  of  Oxford,  1889;  M.D. 
(Honorary),  University  of  Dublin,  1892;  Lecturer  on  History 
and  Literature  of  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893 — ; 
Deputy  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  A.  (retired) ;  Director  of  the 
Laboratory  of  Hygiene,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1895-96 ; 
Director  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

BiLLiNGSLEA,  James  Howell.  1897.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1864;  Clerk  of  County  Court,  1897 — ;  resides  at  Westminster,  Car- 
roll County,  Md. 

*BiLLiNGSLEA,  James  L.  1827.  Born  in  ^Maryland,  1804.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1827 ;  Censor,  1840.  Died  in  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  October  23,  1881.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Billingslea,  Martin  B.  1885.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  June 
10,  1849.  Educated  at  Bethel  Academy;  taught  in  the  public 
schools  four  years;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1874;  School 
Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1894-98.  1206  East  Preston  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

*Birckhead,  Lennox.  1822.  Born  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  February  27, 
1794;  son  of  Solomon  Birckhead.  A.B.,  Dickinson  College,  1813; 
a  defender  of  Fort  McHenry,  1814;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1817;  attended  Hotel  Dieu,  Paris;  he  was  the  author  of  "Let- 
ters for  the  Times,"  l6mo,  Baltimore,  1855,  and  "A  Voice  from 
the  South,"  i2mo,  Baltimore,  1861.  Died  at  Baltimore,  of 
Bright's  disease,  September  2,  1865. 

321 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

•'BiRCKHEAD,  Solomon.  i8oi  (?).  Born  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  July  21, 
1761.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1783;  Treasurer,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1809-11;  Consulting  Physician,  Baltimore 
Hospital,  1812.  He  was  an  "eminent  and  highly  esteemed  ptiysi- 
cian."  Died  at  Baltimore,  November  30,  1836.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848. 

^BiRCKHEAD,  Thomas  Howell.  Founder.,  1799.  Born  (probably)  in 
Harford  County.  He  married  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Waters,  nee  Wether- 
ell.  Dr.  Samuel  Henry  Birckhead  was  his  son.  Dr.  James  Reardon 
his  son-in-law.  He  lived  and  died  on  his  estate,  near  Magnolia 
Station,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore  Railroad.  He 
was  trustee  of  the  first  school  in  Harford  County,  1798.  The 
Maryland  Medical  Recorder,  March,  1830,  speaks  of  "the  late 
Dr.   Birckhead,"  evidently  meaning   this  one. 

BiRNiE,  Clotworthy.  1890.  Bom  at  Glen  Burn,  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  January  13,  1843.  Pupil  of  Drs.  John  Swope  and  W.  Chew 
Van  Bibber;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1870;  member  of 
Maryland  House  of  Delegates,  1896,  and  Chairman  of  the  Ways 
and  Means  Committee;  President,  Carroll  County  Medical  Society; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1895-96;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1899-1900;  resides  at 
Taneytown,  Md. 

*BiSH0P,  Elijah.  1824.  Born  at  Lisbon,  Conn.,  1798.  A.B.,  Yale  Col- 
lege; M.D.,  Yale  College,  1822;  practiced  first  at  Liberty,  Balti- 
more County,  Md. ;  later  at  Smithsburg,  Washington  County,  Md., 
till  his  death  there,  March,  1870.  See  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and 
list  of  1848. 

Bishop,  Elijah  Tracy.  1870  and  1892.  Born  at  Smithsburg,  Wash- 
ington County,  Md.,  April  11,  1833;  son  of  Dr.  Elijah  Bishop. 
A.B.,  Marshall  College,  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  1848;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1855 ;  practices  at  Smithsburg,  Md.  See  lists  of  1873 
and  1892. 

Bishop,  John  S.  1897.  Born  at  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County,  Md., 
March  13,  1872.  Educated  at  Friends'  School  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1895;  Clinical 
Assistant  in  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary ;  Member  of 
Board  of  Police   Surgeons.     1701   Druid   Hill  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Black,  George  W.     1802.     (Federal  Gasette,  June  25.) 

322 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Black,  Thomas.      i8oi  ( ?).     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Blackburn,  Richard  Scott.  1832.  Born  at  "Wigwam,"  Prince 
William  County,  Va.,  March  28,  1809.  Educated  at  the  University 
of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832;  began  prac- 
tice in  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  later  practiced  at  Berryville,  Va. ; 
retired  early  from  practice;  Mayor  of  Charlestown,  W.  Va.  Died 
in  Clarke  County,  Va.,  September  2,  1867. 

Blaisdell,  Walter  S.  1890.  Born  at  Macomb,  111.,  1866.  Educated  at 
the  University  of  Michigan;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1890;  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Holden,  Me. 
(two  terms)  ;  Surgeon,  Buffalo,  Rochester  and  Pittsburg  Railroad; 
Surgeon,  Adrian  Hospital,  Punxsutawney,  and  Chief  Surgeon  of 
Walston  Mines,  Walston,  Pa.;  Medical  Examiner,  New  York  Mu- 
tual  Life   Insurance   Company.     Address,   Punxsutawney,   Pa. 

Blake,  Charles  French.  1898.  Born  in  Athens  County,  O.,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1866.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Ohio;  pupil  of  Dr. 
William  H.  Blake;  M.D..  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1893 ;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1893-95 ;  Dem- 
onstrator of  Clinical  Surgery  and  Osteology,  and  Assistant  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1894;  now  Associate  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Clinical  Professor 
of  Diseases  of  tihe  Rectum;  Visiting  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum. 

Blake,  John  D.  1889.  Born  in  Mathews  County,  Va.,  November  3, 
1853.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1875; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1880-81;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1893-94;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society; 
Professor  of  Surgery,  Bialtimore  Medical  College;  Member  of 
City  Council.     1014  West  Lafaye'tite  Avenue,  Baltimiore. 

*Blake,  Thomas.  1820.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  did 
not  practice,  but  devoted  his  life  to  farming;  Censor  for  Calvert 
County,  1831  (American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences)  ;  Censor, 
for  Calvert  County,  1840  (Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal)  ;  Delegate  to  National  Convention,  1849 ;  went  South, 
and  died  there  about  i860.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Bloodgood,  Joseph  Colt.  1894.  Born  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1866. 
B.S.,  University  of  Wisconsin,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1891 ;  Assistant  in  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1893-94;  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1893-97;  Asso- 

323 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ciate  in  Surgery,  Johns   Hopkims  University,    1897 — .     923  North 
Charles  Street,  Baltimiore. 

Blum,  Joseph.  1890.  Born  at  Maysville,  Ky.,  March  19,  1861,  Ph.G., 
Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1883;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1885;  Chief  of  Clinic,  University  of  Maryland;  Visiting  Phy- 
sician, Hebrew^  Hospital ;  Consulting  Physician,  Hebrew  Orphan 
Asylum,  Oalverton.     1816  Madison  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

BoARDMAN,  Joseph  C.  1844.  Born  in  Connecticut.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1844.  The  name  occurs  in  the  Librarian's 
book  as  taking  out  books  in   1844. 

*BoARMAN  Walter  Fairfax.  Son  of  Joseph  S.  Boarman.  Of  Bryan- 
town,  Charles  County,  Md.  "Was  of  the  Baltimore  school." 
Practiced  about  1830-50;  had  an  extensive  practice  and  was  very 
wealthy.     He  died  early,   1854.     See  lists  of   1848  and  1853. 

Bodder,  Levi  D.  1838.  Born  in  Georgia.  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1834;  settled  at  Baltimore.  See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

BoDMAN,  Philip.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831.  Of 
Hagerstown,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Boerstler,  George  W.  Born  at  Funkstown,  Washington  County,  Md., 
1792.  M.B.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  M.D.  (Honorary), 
University  of  Maryland,  1834;  moved  to  Ohio,  1833.  Died  at 
Landaister,  O.,  October  10,  1871. 

BoLGiANO,  Walton.,  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  25,  1868. 
A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1892;  Physician  tO'  Hospital  for  Consumptives,  1897-98; 
Lecturer  on  Osteology,  1895-99,  and  Demonstrator  of  Operative 
Surgery,  1897-99,  Baltimore  Medical  College.  2020  North  Charles 
Street,  Baltimore. 

Bolton,  John  Henry.  Born  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  September  13,  1840. 
Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  i860;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1862;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Seventh  Regiment  of  Mary- 
land Volunteers,  U.  S.  A.,  1863-65.  1120  North  Gay  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

BoMBAUGH,  Charles  Carroll.  1897.  Born  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1828.     A.B.,  1850,  A.M.,  1855,  Harvard  University;  M.D., 

324 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  1853;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  V., 
during  the  Civil  War,  1861-65;  Editor  of  the  Baltimore  Under- 
zuriter  for  thirty-three  years ;  Medical  Examiner  for  Life  Insurance 
Companies ;  Vice-President,  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  1882- 
94;  author  of  "Gleanings  for  the  Curious,"  "The  Book  of  Blun- 
ders," "First  Things,"  "Literature  of  Kissing,"  "Stratagems  and 
Conspiracies  to  Defraud  Life  Insurance  Companies."  836  Park 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Bond,  Allen  Kerr.  1888.  Born  'n  Harford  County,  Md.,  1859;  son 
of  T.  E.  Bond,  Jr.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1880;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1882;  Librarian,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  of  Mairyland;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children, 
Baltimore  Medical  College.    803  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*BoND,  Henry  D.  1817.  Bom  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1817;  moved  to  Buenos  Ayres,  South  America,  where  he 
married  the  daughter  of  Dictator  Rosas  of  that  country,  1826.  Died 
at  Buenos  Ayres,  1831  (obituary  in  Baltimore  Gazette,  August  18, 
1831).     See  list  of  1848. 

Bond,  John  W.  Son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Emerson  Bond.  M.D.,  New  York 
University,  1846.  Of  Baltimore;  later,  of  Ohio.  See  lists  of  1848 
and  1853.     Address,  2373  Glenwood  Street,  Toledo,  O. 

*BoND,  Joshua.  1820.  Son  of  Henry  D.  Bond.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,   1819.     Of  South  America.     See  list  of  1848. 

*BoND,  Robert.  1890.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880.  Died  in 
Maryland,  1893  or  1894.  (There  was  a  doctor  of  this  name  near 
Laurel,  Prince  George  County,  Md.) 

Bond,  Summerfield  Berry.  1890.  Bern  at  Baltimore,  April  9,  1861. 
Educated  at  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  New  Hampshire;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  I^.Iaryland,  1883;  Chief  of  Surgical  Clinic,  University  of 
Maryland,  1883-85 ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dis- 
pensary ;  Assistant,  Genito-urinary  Department,  Johns  Hopkins 
University ;  Chief  of  the  Genito-urinary  Clinic,  University  of 
Maryland,  1898-1901 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Genito-urinary  Sur- 
gery,  1901 — .     6  West  Read  Street,  Baltimore. 

*BoND,  Thomas  Emerson.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Baltimore,  February, 
1782.  Founder  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland;  First 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Medical  College  of  Maryland.  1807; 
resigned,  1808;  Surgeon  of  Cavalry  in  Harford  County,  1812;  M.D. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

(Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  also  D.D.;  practiced 
many  years  in  Baltimore ;  President,  Medico-Chirurgical  Society 
of  Baltimore,  1832-33;  Professor,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1832-35,  1842-43;  Member  of  the  City  Council,  1837; 
President  of  the  Board  of  Health,  1839;  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1839;  a  local 
preacher  in  the  M.  E.  Church;  edited  The  Itinerant,  1830-31; 
edited  The  Christian  Advocate  and  Journal,  of  New  York,  for 
twelve  years,  1840-52.  His  zeal  and  ability  procured  for  him  the 
title,  "Defender  of  the  Church."  Died  at  New  York  City,  March 
14,  1856. 

*BoND,  Thomas  Emerson,  Jr.  1840.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
November,  1813.  A.M.,  Baltimore  College,  1830;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1834;  practiced  at  Baltimore  about  fifteen  years 
(Scharf)  ;  Founder  of  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1839; 
Professor  of  Special  Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  Baltimore  Col- 
lege of  Dental  Surgery,  1839-72 ;  Dean,  Baltimore  College  of  Den- 
tal Surgery,  1842-49;  Member  of  the  City  Council,  1847;  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica  and  Hygiene,  Washington  University,  Balti- 
more, 1842-51  ;  in  the  reorganization  of  Washington  University, 
1867 ;  retired  from  practice,  1853,  and  removed  to  Harford  County : 
he  was  the  author  of  "Treatise  on  First  Dentition"  (from  the 
French  lof  M.  Baumes).  New  York,  1841;  "Treatise  on  Dental 
Medicine,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1S51-52;  "  Treatise  on  Dental 
Science,"  1845;  "Life  of  John  Knox;"  Joint  Editor  of  Guardian  of 
Health,  1841 ;  Editor  of  the  Baltimore  Christian  Advocate  and  the 
Episcopal  Methodist;  preacher  of  M.  E.  Church.  Died  August 
ig,   1872. 

*BoND,  Thomas  Holdsworth.  1830.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md., 
December  15,  1807;  son  of^John  Thomas  and  Sarah  Howe  Bond. 
M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1830;  practiced 
until  his  death.  He  was  killed  by  lightning  in  the  house  of  his 
uncle.  Dr.  James  Duke,  Calvert  County,  August  11,  1838.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853  ;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*BoND,  Thomas  W.     1827.     Of  Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

BoNNETT,  Joseph  A.  1891.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1890. 
2700  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Booker,  William  D.  1875.  Born  in  Prince  Edward  County,  Va., 
November,  1844.     Educated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  Va.,  and 

326 


MORGAN    CROWN 
1769-1841. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1867; 
Clinical  Reporter,  Baltimore  Infirmary,  1867-68;  Professor  of  Phy- 
siology, Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1882-86;  Dean, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  1882-85 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren, Woman's  Medical  College,  1886-93;  Lecturer  on  Diseases 
of  Children,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-94;  Clinical  Professor 
of  Diseases  of  Children,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1894 — ;  Medi- 
cal Superintendent,  Thomas  Wilson  Sanitarium;  Vice-President, 
Gastro-Enterological  Association,  1899-1900.  208  West  Monu- 
ment Street,  Baltimore. 

BoRCK,  Mathias  Adolph  Edward,  Jr.  About  1870.  Born  at  Ham- 
burg, Germany,  April  18,  1834;  son  of  a  German  Surgeon.  Came 
to  America  in  1851  and  settled  at  Baltimore;  pupil  of  Dr.  Ed- 
ward Dwindle;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1863;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Tenth  Maryland 
Infantry,  1863,  and  of  the  Third  Maryland  Cavalry,  1864;  resigned 
the  latter  position  on  account  of  ill  health,  December,  1864,  resum- 
ing practice  at  Baltimore;  removed  to  St.  Louis,  1870;  Professor 
of  Surgical  Diseases  of  Children,  College  for  Medical  Practi- 
tioners, 1882-84 ;  later,  Professor  of  Surgery,  College  for  Medical 
Practitioners ;  for  many  years  gave  private  instruction  to  graduates 
at  private  hospital,  practice  being  exclusively  surgical ;  Surgeon, 
Wabash  Railroad;  Chief  Surgeon,  City  Railroad  Syndicate;  Special 
Lecturer  at  Marion-Sims  College;  he  invented  the  subcutaneous 
division  of  capsule  in  hip  joint  disease  and  the  ovarian  cyst  eleva- 
tor; resides  at  St.  Louis;  no  children.     See  list  of  1873. 

*Bordley,  James.  1829.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  Decem- 
ber 8,  1808.  A.M.,  Washington  College,  Che'stertown;  pupil  of 
Dr.  S.  Baker,  of  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829; 
practiced  in  Talbot  County,  1829-34;  at  Centerville,  1834-48;  in 
Baltimore,  partner  of  Dr.  Theobald,  1848-62;  returned  finally 
to  Centerville.     Died  at  Centerville,  December  6,   1870. 

BoRDLEY,  James.  1879.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  March 
14,  1846.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1868;  President,  State 
Board  of  Medical  Examiners;  Health  Officer,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.;  resides  at  Centerville. 

Bordley,  James,  Jr.  1899.  Born  at  Centerville,  Md.,  February  20, 
1874.  Educated  at  Davis  Military  College,  North  Carolina;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1896;  Clinical  Assistant,  Maryland  Univer- 
sity Hospital ;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  and 

327 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Clinical  Assisfant  in  Ophthalmology  and  Otology  in  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary  and  the  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Charity  Hospital ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Eye  and  Ear, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  1902 — .  520  North  Charles  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

''BoRDLEY,  William  H.  1801  (?).  Justice  of  Court  and  County  Lieu- 
tenant of  Kent  County,  1777  (Quinan)  ;  on  Committee  of  Observa- 
tion (Toner).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  lat- 
ter. Dr.  James  Bordley,  of  Centerville,  knows  nothing  about  him. 
He  is  mentioned  in  Wroth's  Memoirs  as  "a  respectable  physician 
of  Chestertown"  and  "preceptor  of  Dr.  Edward  Worrell."  The 
Records  of  St.  Paul's  Parish,  Kent  County,  contain  the  name  of 
"William  Bordley,  son  of  Thomas  and  Ann  Bordley,  born  Septem- 
ber 18,  1741." 

*BoRDLEY,  William  Wesley.  1844.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1842.  Of  Centerville,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  Died,  1844-48 
(probably  1845).  See  MS.  Archives  of  the  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty.  Quinan  says:  "Dr.  James  Boardley  died  1851,  aged 
45 ;"  he  may  mean  the  above. 

*BosLEY,  Grafton  Marsh.  1853.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
March  8,  1825.  Educated  at  the  Episcopal  High  School,  1839-43; 
A.B.,  Dickinson  College,  1844;  A.M.,  Dickinson  College,  1847; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1847;  succeeded  to  the  practice 
and  wealth  of  his  uncle,  Josiah  Marsh ;  settled  at  Towson ;  P.G.M., 
LO.O.F. ;  retired  from  practice  after  a  few  years.  Died  January 
25,  igoi. 

BosLEY,  James.  1883.  Born  at  Whitehall,  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
October  i,  1852.  Educated  in  Literature  and  Medicine  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia:  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1874;  Resident 
Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1874-75;  Vaccine  Physician,  1878-80; 
School  Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1889-97;  Health  Commissioner  of 
I    Baltimore,   1900 — .     iioi  West  Lanvale  Street,  Baltimore. 

BoTELER,  William  Clarence.  1881.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md., 
August  4,  1855.  Educated  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg, 
and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1878;  Post-graduate  Course  at  Jefferson  Medical  College;  Clinical 
Assistant  in  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  and  Interne,  Maryland 
University  Hospital;  Surgeon,  United  States  Indian  Agency,  1879; 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the   Eye  and  Ear,   Northwestern  Medical 

328 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

College,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. ;  Professor  of  Ophthalmology,  Otology 
and  Rhinology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Kansas  City, 
Kansas;  publisher  of  the  North  American  Medical  Review  and  of 
the  Missouri  Valley  Medical  Journal;  Vice-President,  Medical 
Department,  Kansas  City  University;  returned  to  Maryland,  1897; 
resides  at  Frederick  City,  Md. 

Boucher,  S.  A.  1899.  Born  near  Grantsville,  Garrett  County,  Md., 
June  8,  1861.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1887;  practices  at  Barton,  Md. 

''^BouLDEN,  James  E.  P.  Born  at  "Bohemia  Manor,"  Cecil  County, 
Md.,  July  8,  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850;  spent  sev- 
eral years  abroad;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873-75;  stock  broker;  con- 
nected with  the  Baltimore  press  as  local  reporter ;  he  was  the  author 
of  "An  American  Among  Orientals,"  Philadelphia,  1855,  i2mo; 
"The  Presbyterians  of  Baltimore,"  Baltimore,  1878.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, July  18,  1880. 

*BouRNE,  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Annapolis.  Was  dead  in 
1829.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*BowEN,  JosiAH  S.  1898.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  March  i, 
1832.  Educated  at  Union  Academy;  in  California,  1854-62;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1865;  Attending  Physician  to  Almshouse; 
settled  at  Mount  Washington,  Md.     Died  August  29,  1900. 

*BowiE,  Howard  Strafford.  1877.  Born  in  Prince  George  County, 
Md.,  August  10,  1846.  Educated  at  St.  Timothy's  Hall,  Catons- 
ville,  and  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1870;  Assistant  Physician,  Baltimore  Infirmary, 
1870;  Visiting  Physician,  Churdh  Home  and  Infirmary,  1871- 
78  (?);  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Northwestern  Dispensary,  1871; 
Attending  Physician,  Northwestern  Dispensary,  1871-81;  retired 
from  practice,  1890.     Died  at  Bahimore,  February  26,  1900. 

*BowiE,  Richard.     1802.     {Federal  Gaaettc,  June  25.)  Born  in  Prince 

George     County,     Md.,     1782.      "Graduated    with  great     honors" 

(where   and    when   not   stated).     Died   in    Prince  George   County, 
November  11,  1807.     No  issue. 

*BowiE,  William.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead 
in  the  latter. 

*BoYD,  Lemuel.     1819.     M.D.     Of  Ohio.     See  list  of  1848. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*BoYD,  Thomas  J.  1818.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1818; 
Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  March  28,  1820;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N., 
July  10,  1824.  Died  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March  26,  1839.  See  list 
of   1848. 

BoYLAND,  George  Halsted.  1875.  Born  at  Cincinnati,  January  19, 
1845.  A.B.,  Yale  College,  1864;  M.D.,  Leipsic,  1874;  decorated 
for  service  in  French  Army  during  Franco-Prussian  War;  Vac- 
cine Physician,  Baltimore,  1882-83 ;  resides  abroad.  He  is  the 
author  of  "Six  Months  under  the  Red  Cross  with  the  French 
Army." 

Brack,  Charles  Emil.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  19,  1866. 
Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  Baltimore,  1888;  M.D., 
Co'lkge  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1895;  Associate 
Professor  oif  Obsitetricsi,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons; 
Physician  in  Charge,  City  Hospital  Dispensary;  Visiting  Obstet- 
rician, Maryland  Lying-in  Asylum  and  Bayview.  500  East 
Twentieth  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Bradford,    Charles    H.     1853.     Born   at   Bel   Air,    Md.,  1810.     M.D., 

University  of  Maryland,   1830 ;  practiced  first  at  Bel  Air,  then  at 

Baltimore,   returning  to   Bel  Air  about    1875.     Died  at    Bel  Air, 
March  26,    1890.     See  list  of   1853. 

^Bradford,  John.  1801  (?).  Pupil  of  John  Archer,  1791-92.  See  list 
of  1807;  marked  dead  in  the  list  of  1848. 

*Brandt,  Gerard.  1801  (?).  Of  Aquasco  Mills,  Prince  George  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Branham,  Joseph  Henry.  1890.  Born  in  Walker  County,  Ga.,  May 
7,  1857.  Educated  at  Chatata  Academy,  Tenn. ;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1879;  Resident  Physician, 
Maternite  and  City  Hospital;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Pro- 
fessor of  Obstetrics  and  Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1881-95;  Professor  of  Clinical  and 
Operative  Surgery,  Baltimore  University,  1896-97;  Professor  of 
Obstetrics  and  Clinical  Gynaecology,  Baltimore  University,  1897-98; 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Maryland  Medical  College,  1898;  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery  and  Abdominal  Surgery,  Maryland  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1898 — ;  President,  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland,  1893-94.  22'X) 
Eutaw  Place,   Baltimore. 

*Brannan,  George.  1801  (?).  See  list  of  1807.  He  was  still  living 
in  1848. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Brashear,  Baltzer.  i8oi(?).  Of  Frederick  County.  See  list  of 
1807. 

*Brashear,  Belt.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1770.  M.D.  (said 
to  have  studied  in  Philadelphia)  ;  married  Ann  Cook  and  settled  at 
Shepherdstown,  W.  Va. ;  after  a  short  time  returned  to  Marj'land; 
practiced  successfully  at  Newmarket,  Frederick  County,  Md.,  where 
he  died  in  1834,  aged  64. 

Bratton,  Howard.  1898.  Born  near  Elkton,  Md.,  June  30,  1859. 
A.B.  and  A.M.,  Princeton  College;  admitted  to  Cecil  County 
Bar,  1881;  B.S.  and  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1885;  Health 
Officer,  Cecil  County,  Md. ;  practices  at  Elkton,  Md. 

Brawner,  John  B.  1883.  Born  in  Virginia,  August  16,  1852.  In  the 
drug  business  from  1865  to  1870;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1872 ;  settled  at  once  at  Emmitsburg,  and  has  been  in  active 
practice  there  ever  since;  Physician,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College 
and  St.  Joseph's  Academy. 

Brayshaw,  Thomas  H.  1892.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  Octo- 
ber 19,  1859.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1892;  practices  at  Glen  Burnie,  Md. 

Breda,  G.  P.     1833.     M.D.     See  Treasurer's  receipts  and  list  of  1848. 

Bkent,  William  T.  1832.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832.  Of 
New  Orleans.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Brereton,  John  A.  1808.  Born  in  Maryland.  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S. 
N.,  September  i,  1808;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  March  4,  1811;  re- 
signed, July  II,  1815;  appointed  from  Maryland  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  July  I,  1821.  Died  April  22,  1839  (Hammersley).  See 
list  of  1848. 

Bressler,  Frank  C.  1890.  Born  at  New  York  City,  1859.  Educated 
at  Gymnasium  Frankenthal,  Bavaria,  and  State  Normal  School, 
Pennsylvania;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Chambers;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1885;  House  Physician,  City 
Hospital,  1885-86;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Associate  Professor  of  Practice 
of  Medicine,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  President, 
Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Society;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania 
Railroad;  Physician,  German  Orphan  Asylum  and  German  Hos- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

pital  for  the  Aged;  Consulting  Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital.     1113 
Bank  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Brewer,  George  G.  1874.  Born  in  1834.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1856.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  8,  1895. 

Brewer,  Marbury.  1853.  Born  at  Annapolis,  May  28,  1830.  B.A., 
St.  John's  College,  1846;  M.A.,  St.  John's  College,  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1850;  practiced  at  Annapolis,  1850-52;  since 
then  practiced  at  Baltimore ;  Physician  to  St.  Vincent's  Infant 
Asylum.     He  is  a  Homoeopathic  Physician.     See  list  of  1853. 

Brinton^  Wilmer.  1881.  Born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  March  15, 
1853.  Graduated  from  Friends'  High  School,  Baltimore;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1876;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Baltimore 
Medical  College;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  Balti- 
more, 1879-80;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1896-97,  1902-03.     1232  North  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

Briscoe,  Alexander  H.     M.D.     Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 

*Briscoe,  Charles  Lewellyn.  1824.  Born  at  Chaptico,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  about  1805.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall  Academy; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  Censor,  1840.  Died  in 
Charles  County,  Md.,  near  Wicomico  River,  about  1880.  See 
Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

*Briscoe,  John  Hanson.  1816.,  Born  at  Chaptico,  St.  Mary's  County, 
Md.,  December  10,  1789;  son  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Briscoe.  Educated  at 
Charlotte  Hall  (?),  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  181 1;  Cap- 
tain, Sterrett's  Brigade,  Maryland  Militia,  War  of  1812;  practiced 
in  St.  Mary's  County  for  twenty  years,  removing  to  Baltimore 
about  1836;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court,  Baltimore;  Naval 
Officer  of  Baltimore,  under  President  Pierce.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
September,   1855. 

Briscoe,  Philip.  1891.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  October  4,  1855. 
Educated  ait  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  John's  College  and  Agricultural 
College;  pupil  of  Dr.  C.  F.  Bevan;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1880;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asy- 
lum, 1880-81 ;  Vice-President,  Maryland  Public  Health  Association, 
1897-98;  President,  Calvert  County  Medical  Society,  1899;  prac- 
tices at  Mutual,  Md. 

*Briscoe,  Walter  Hanson  Stone.  1824.  Born  in  Charles  County, 
Md.,    1800.     Educated    at    Charlotte    Hall;    pupil    of    Dr.    N.    R. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Smith;  M.D.;  practiced  and  farmed  in  St.  Mary's  County.     Died 
at  Sotterley,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  December  30,  1885. 

Bromwell,  John  E.  1890.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867.  Of 
Ridgeville,  Frederick  County,  Md. 

Bromwell,  Robert  Evans.  1880.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  1827. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850;  practices  at  Port  Deposit, 
Md. 

Brooke,  Charles  H.  1898.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
October  19,  1866.  Educated  at  Episcopal  High  School;  pupil  of 
Dr.  N.  F.  Hill ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891 ;  practiced  at 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  1891-93,  and  since  then  at  Baltimore ;  Examiner 
for  yEtna  Life  and  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  of  New  York, 
and  I.  O.  H.     Address,  Brooklyn,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. 

*Broome,  John  Mackall.  1828.  Born  in  Maryland,  1808.  B.A.,  St. 
John's  College,  1827  (?)  ;  M.D.,  Washington  Aledical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1828;  Censor,  Calvert  County,  1840.  Died  at  St.  Mary's  City, 
Md.,  July  28,  1887.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Brotherton,  James.     1822.     Of  Wayesburg,  Pa.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Broughton,  Henry  B.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.  1800.  Edu- 
cated at  West  Nottingham  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1822;  practiced  near  Port  Deposit.  Died  near  Port  Deposit, 
Octobei  6,  1852.     See  lists  1848  and  1853. 

Brown,  Francis  Edward.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  26,  1867. 
A.B.,  Georgetown  University,  1887;  studied  at  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1889-90;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1893;  studied 
in  Europe,  1895-97;  Resident  Physician,  St.  Agnes'  Hospital,  Balti- 
more, 1892-94;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Agnes'  Hospital,  1898 — . 
917  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Brown,  George.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Ireland,  1755.  A.M.,  Univer- 
sity of  Glasgow;  M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1779  (Thesis, 
"De  Cortice  Peruviano")  ;  came  to  Baltimore  in  1783;  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  first  medical  society  in  Baltimore,  1788;  of  the 
first  public  library  in  Baltimore,  1796;  of  the  Baltimore  College, 
1804;  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  (University  of 
Maryland)  ;   appointed    Professor  of  Practice  of   Medicine    in  the 

333 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  by  Charter,  but  resigned  at  the 
first  meeting  of  Regents,  1807;  President  of  the  Board  of 
Regents,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1807-12;  Consulting 
Physician,  Baltimore  Hospital,  1812.  He  was  an  enlightened  and 
public-spirited  citizen.     Died  August  24,  1822. 

*Brown,  Gustavus  Richard.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Rich  Hill," 
near  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County  Md.,  October  17,  1747;  son  of 
Gustavus  Brown,  the  emigrant.  M.D.,  Univeisity  of  Edinburgh, 
1768;  Inaugural  Dissertation,  "De  Ortu  Animalium  Caloris,"  8vo, 
pp.  43 ;  "walked"  London  Hospitals  several  months ;  Member  of 
Legislature  of  Maryland,  1774;  on  Committee  of  Correspondence 
and  Observation,  1776;  established  a  hospital  for  the  inoculation 
of  smallpox,  1776;  Judge  of  Charles  County  Court,  1776-77;  Mem- 
ber of  the  State  Convention,  1788;  Visitor,  St.  John's  College, 
Annapolis,  1789;  Grand  Master,  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  Mary- 
land, 1797-98;  in  consultation  with  Drs.  Craik  and  Dick  in  the 
last  illness  of  General  Washington,  of  whom  he  was  a  personal 
friend;  May  15,  1769,  married  Peggy  Graham.  "Over  six  feet  in 
height  and  well  propoTtioned;  pleasant  and  affable;  a  fine  classi- 
cal scholar;  particularly  fond  of  botany.  His  office  was  full  of 
students."  Died  at  "Rich  Hill,"  near  Port  Tobacco.  September 
30,  1804;  buried  at  "Rose  Hill." 

*Brown,  Gustavus.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Maiden  Side,"  near 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  1744.  Studied  seven  years  at  Edinburgh; 
M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh  1770  (Thesis,  "De  Cynanche  Phlog- 
ist.")  ;  married  widow  of  Dr.  Ireland,  but  left  no  issue;  was  sent 
for  to  attend  Washington  in  his  last  illness,  but  hearing  of  his 
death  on  the  way  returned  home  without  seeing  him.  He  was 
an  eminent  practitioner  of  St.  Mary's  County.  Died  at  "Sum- 
merseat,"  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  July  3,  1801. 

*Brown,  James.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  12,  1854;  brother 
of  T.  R.  Brown.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Maryland  and 
Carey's  School ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1875 ;  Resident 
Physician,  Bayview  Hospital;  on  Dispensary  Staff,  Baltimore 
Infirmary;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary; 
in  charge  of  the  Department  of  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  from  its  opening,  1889;  Lecturer  on  Genito- 
urinary Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-94;  Associate  in 
Genito-urinary  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1894-95.  He 
was  the  first  surgeon  in  the  world  to  catheterize  the  male  ureter 
during  life.     Died  on  steamer  en  route  to  Boston,  June  16,  1895. 

334 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Brown,  Morgan,  Jr.  Founder.  1799.  Bom  1769;  eldest  son  of 
Joseph  Brown,  a  farmer  Oif  Quaker  Neck,  Kent  County,  Md.  Edu- 
cated at  the  Free  School  of  Chestertown  and  Washington  College 
(no  degree) ;  situdent  of  Dr.  Edward  Worrell ;  being  the  oldest 
student  he  was  frequently  called  to  the  bedside  of  the  sick  in  the 
absence  of  his  teacher,  and  such  was  his  prudence  and  tact  that 
when  a  mere  tyro,  he  won  golden  opinions;  attended  lectures 
in  Philadelphia,  1790-91;  near  the  end  of  his  course  (Febru- 
ary, 1791,)  a  general  inoculation  was  practiced  in  Kent  County, 
and  he  was  called  home  to  assist  without  receiving  a  diploma; 
being  taken  into  partnership  by  Dr.  Worrell,  he  entered  at  once 
on  a  large  practice ;  having  a  strong  taste  for  study,  he  lost  no 
opportunity  to  improve  his  mind  and  add  to  his  knowledge.  He 
was  highly  esteemed  by  his  professional  brethren.  In  1840  he  had 
a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever,  which  broke  him  down  both  physi- 
cally and  mentally.  He  wais  noted  for  the  neatness  of  his  appear- 
ance and  the  maturity  of  his  judgment  (Wroth,  Trans.,  1873).  He 
was  an  ardent  Federalist.     Died  October  6,  1841. 

*Brown,  Nathan.  1826.  Born  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 
M.D.  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  credited  first  to  Kent  County; 
later,  settled  in  Carroll  County,  Md. ;  Censor,  1840;  State  Senator, 
1867-71 ;  he  practiced  forty-five  years ;  never  married ;  he  was  a 
philanthropist.     Died   near   Freedom,   Carroll  County,   Md.,    1873. 

Brown,  Richard  W.  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1853.  Of 
Baltimore.     See  list  of  1853. 

*Brown,  Septimus.  1853.  Born  in  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1849.     Died  at  Baltimore,  January  31,  1883. 

*Brown,  Thomas  Richardson.  1874.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md., 
April  6,  1845.  Educated  at  the  School  of  Letters,  University  of 
Maryland;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1866;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1866-70;  began  practice 
at  Baltimore,  1867;  Professor  of  Clinical  and  Operative  Surgery, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1873;  Professor 
of  Surgery,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  President, 
Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  Baltimore,  1879.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, January  26,  1879. 

Brown,  Thomas  Richardson.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September 
II,  1872;  son  of  last-named.  Graduated  from  Baltimore  City 
College,  1889;  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1892;  M.D.,  Johns 

22  335 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hopkins  Medical  School,  1897;  House  Medical  Oiificer,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1897-98;  Instructor  in  Medicine  and  Chief  of  Medi- 
cal Gliniic,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispenslary;  Associate  Professor  of 
Clinical  Medicine,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  1033 
Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Browne,  Bennet  Bernard.  1875.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County, 
Md.,  June  16,  1842.  Educated  at  Loyola  College,  Baltimore;  in 
C.  S.  A.  (Cavalry),  1861-65;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867; 
Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1867-68 ;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Baltimore  Special  Dispensary;  "Established  the  first  wo- 
man's hospital  and  dispensary  at  Baltimore,  May  10,  1876"  (pers. 
com'n)  ;  one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Woman's  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1882;  Professor  of  Gynsecology,  Woman's  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1882 — ;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology,  Balti- 
more Polyclinic,  1884;  President,  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland, 
1884-85 ;  President,  Gynaecological  and  Obstetrical  Society  of  Balti- 
more, 1892-93.     510  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Brownley,  Joseph.  Pupil  of  John  Archer,  M.B. ;  practiced  in  Har- 
ford County,  Md.     Of  Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Bruce,  Charles  D.  181  i.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1811  (?)  (Potter's  Lyceum,  1811).  Of  Pekerwaxon,  Charles 
County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  (There  was  a  Dr. 
Charles  Bruce  of  Revolutionary  times,  of  Nottingham,  Prince 
George  County,  Md. ;  also  a  Dr.  Walter  Bruce,  of  the  same 
place.) 

*Bruce,  Philip  D.  181  i.  Of  Georgetown,  D.  C.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848.     Said  to  have  been  alive  in  1848. 

Brues,  Thomas.     1834.     Of  Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Brundige,  Henry.  1814.  Born  at  Dumfries,  Va.,  May  15,  1791. 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  1813;  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate, 
May  16,  1813 ;  resigned,  February  3,  1814  (Toner)  ;  settled  at 
Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore,  October  10,  1865.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*Brune,  Thomas  Barton.  1881.  Born  at  Waverly,  near  Baltimore, 
June  4,  1856.  B.A.,  St.  John's  College,  1875 ;  A.M.,  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, 1878;  pupil  of  Dr.  F.  Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1878;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital,  1879-80;  began 

336 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

practice  at  Baltimore,  1880;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  Marine 
Hospital  Service;  Professor  of  Practice,  etc.,  Baltimore  Poly- 
clinic, 1884;  Physician  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  and  Maryland 
School  for  the  Blind;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of 
Maryland;  he  edited  "Analysis  of  Urine,"  by  Hoffmann  and 
Ultzmann  (Translated  by  T.  B.  Brune  and  H.  Holbrook),  8vo, 
New  York,  1879  (three  editions).  Died  at  Baltimore,  November 
9,  1891. 

Brush,  Edward  N.  1892.  Born  at  Glenv^^ood,  Erie  County,  New 
York,  April  23,  1852.  M.D.,  Medical  Department,  University  of 
Buffalo,  1874;  Lecturer  on  Electro-Therapeutics,  Medical  Depart- 
ment, University  of  Buffalo,  1877-79;  Assistant  Physician,  State 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1878-84;  Assistant  Physician, 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Philadelphia,  1884-91 ;  Super- 
intendent, Sheppard  and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital,  1891 — ;  Associate 
Editor,  and  Editor,  Buffalo  Medical  Journal  1874-79;  Associate 
Editor,  American  Journal  of  Insanity,  1878-84  and  1897 — ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Psychiatry,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  1896- 
99;  Professor  of  Psychiatry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1899 — ;  a  contributor  to  Wood's  "Reference  Hand-book 
of  Medical  Science,"  to  Keating's  "Cyclopaedia  of  Diseases  of 
Children,"  and  to  Hare's  "System  of  Therapeutics." 

*Bryan,  Guy.  1836.  Not  an  M.D.  Of  North  East,  Cecil  County,  Md. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Bryarly,  Wakeman.  Pupil  of  John  Archer,  M.B. ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1805 ;  Bel  Air,  1815 ;  Censor,  1819.  Died  in  Har- 
ford   County,    Md.,    1821. 

*Bryarly  Wakeman.  1845.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1820  (?). 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1840;  Vaccine  Physician, 
1846;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Washington  University,  Balti- 
more, 1847.     Died  about  1847. 

BuBERT,  Charles  H.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  17,  1864. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  in  mercantile  business  for 
four  years ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1888;  Sanitary  Inspector,  Health  Department;  Medical  Examiner, 
I.  O.  H.;  Demonstrator  of  Minor  Surgery,  Maryland  Medical 
College.     1928  Pennsylvania   Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Buchanan,  George.  Founder,  ijgg.  Born  at  "The  Palace,"  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  September  19,  1763;  son  of  Andrew  Buchanan 

337 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  grandson  of  Dr.  George  Buchanan,  the  emigrant.  Pursued 
medical  studies  under  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal,  of  Balti- 
more, and  Dr.  William  Shippen,  of  Philadelphia;  then  spent  about 
three  years  in  Europe,  chiefly  at  Edinburgh;  President,  Royal  Phy- 
sical Society,  Edinburgh;  M.B.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1785; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1789  (title  of  Thesis  "Dissertatio 

Physiologica    de    Causis    Respirationis    ejusdemque    Affectibus")  ; 

began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1789;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  first 
medical  society,  1789;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  1789-90;  Member  of 
the  City  Council,  1797;  Magistrate,  1798;  retired  from  practice  on 
account  of  bad  health,  1800;  moved  to  Philadelphia,  1806;  Resident 
Physician,  Philadelphia  LazarettO',  v^rhere  he  died,  July  9,  1808,  of 
yellow  fever;   he  was  'tlhe  author   of  a   "Treatise  upon  Typhus," 

1789,  pp.  25.     He  -was  a  man  of  advanced  views  and  public  spirit. 

Buck,  Jefferies.  1897.  Born  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  September  29, 
1869.  Graduated  from  Chamberlain  Hunt  High  School,  1886;  A.B., 
University  of  Mississippi,  1891  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1895.     105 1   Aisquith  Street,  Baltimore. 

*BucK,  John  Stansbury.  1831.  Born  on  Philadelphia  Road,  near 
Baltimore,  1803 ;  son  of  John  Buck,  of  Baltimore.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1825 ;  located  in  practice  at  Warren  Factory, 
Baltimore  County,  Md.  Died  at  Warren  Factory,  1847.  See  list 
of  1848. 

*BucKLER,  John.  1817.  Born  near  Baltimore,  August  31,  1795.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  Stevenson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817;  partner 
of  Dr.  Stevenson  for  three  years;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  Maryland,  1816-17;  Vaccine  Physician,  1821-23;  Lec- 
turer on  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland;  Adjunct  Professor 
of  Anatomy,  University  of  A'laryland,  1826-27;  Attending  Physi- 
^-  cian,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary.  A  great  family  physician. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  February  24,  1866. 

*BucKLER,  RiGGiN,  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  4,  1831. 
A.B.,  Harvard,  1851;  pupil  of  his  father.  Dr.  John  Buckler;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1853;  in  European  Hospitals,  1853-57;  set- 
tled at  Baltimore,  1857;  Surgeon-General  of  Maryland.  Died  at 
Narragansett  Pier,  R.  L,  August  31,  1884. 

*BucKLER,  Thomas  Hepburn.  Born  at  "Evergreen,"  near  Balti- 
more, January  4,  1812.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Balti- 
more ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1835 ;  began  practice  at  Bal- 
timore;  Physician   to  Baltimore   City  Almshouse   for  eight  years, 

338 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1840-44  and  1846-50  (Q.)  :  from  1866-90  practiced  at  Paris  under 
license  from  the  French  Government;  returned  to  Baltimore  in 
1890;  in  1878,  Commissioner  of  Maryland  to  International  Exposi- 
tion at  Paris  ;  he  was  the  author  of  "Introduction  of  Water  of  Gun- 
powder River  into  Baltimore,"  1847;  "History  of  Epidemic  of 
Cholera  at  Baltimore  Almshouse,"  185 1 ;  "Proposal  to  fill  up  the 
Basin,"  1852,  and  later;  "Bronchitis  and  Rheumatic  Pneumonia," 
1853.     Died  at  Baltimore,   April  20,   1901. 

Buckler,  Thomas  Hepburn,  Jr.,  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October 
4,  1865 ;  son  of  Riggin  Buckler.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1886;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Consulting  Physician, 
Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital.  807  St.  Paul 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*BucKNER,  Charles  S.  1846.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  1821.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1843;  traveled  extensively  and  practiced 
in  South  America  and  San  Francisco.  Died  at  Baltimore,  March 
2,    1899. 

BuDDENBOHN,  Charles  Lewis.  1887.  Bom  in  Westphalia,  Ger- 
many, September  24,  1851;  son  of  Frederick  Buddenbohn.  Emi- 
grated to  America,  i86g;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1873;  Coroner,  1897-98.     418  South  Paca  Street,  Baltimore. 

BuFFiNGTON,  JoHN  A.  1897.  Born  at  New  Windsor,  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  May  7,  1862.  Graduated  from  New  Windsor  College,  1882; 
M.D.,  Jefferson,  1884;  Resident  Physician,  Jefferson  College  Hos- 
pital, 1884-85;  began  practice  in  Carroll  County,  1895;  resides  at 
New  Windsor,  Md. 

*BuFFiNGTON,  JoHN  F.  1870  (?).  Born  near  Taneytown,  Carroll 
County,  Md.,  1828.  A.B.,  Amherst  College,  Mass.;  M.D.,  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College,  1855.  Died  at  New  Windsor,  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  1896  (Trans.,  1870,  Baltimore  Medical  Journal  and  Bulletin). 

Bull,  Benjamin  H.  D.  1853.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
January  18,  1824.  Pupil  of  Dr.  John  C.  Orrick;  M.D.,  Washing- 
ton University,  Baltimore;  practiced  at  Baltimore.  Died  in  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  August  25,  1873.     Trans.,  1874. 

BuRCH,  William  Baltzell.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  20, 
1866.  Graduated  from  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1892;  Vaccine  Physician;  Police  Surgeon,  1900.  511 
Hanover  Street,  Baltimore. 

339 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*BuRGis  (or  Burgess),  Thomas.  i8oi  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and 
1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

BuRKiTT,  Newton.  1827.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

BussEY,  Henry  G.  1836.  Not  an  M.D.  Of  Broad  Creek,  Harford 
County,  Md.;  later,  of  York,  Pa.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853,  1873  and 
1875. 

Butler,  John  De  Camp.  1896.  Born  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  July  5,  i860. 
Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1882;  practices  at  Bel  Air,  Md. 

Bye,  Charles  P.  1835.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jefiferson,  1831. 
See  list  of  1848.     Of  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

Byrd,  Charles  C.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1821.  Of  Fred- 
erick County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and.  1853. 

Byrd,  Harvey  Leonidas.  Born  at  Salem,  S.  C,  August  8,  1820. 
A.M.  (Honorary),  Emory  College,  Ga. ;  attended  Jefiferson  Medical 
College  and  Pennsylvania  College,  taking  M.D.  from  the  latter, 
1840,  and  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867;  practiced 
successively  at  Sumter  and  Georgetown,  S.  C,  Savannah,  Ga.,  and 
Baltimore ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Dean  of  Savannah 
Medical  College;  Professor  of  Practice  and  Dean  of  Oglethorpe 
Medical  College;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.;  assisted  in  reorganizing  Washi- 
ington  University  Medical  School,  1867;  Dean  and  Professor  of 
Obstetrics,  Washington  University  Medical  School,  1867-72;  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1872 ;  Professor  of  Practice,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1872-73;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  1873-74; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1873 ;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Baltimore  Medi- 
cal College,  1881 ;  first  President,  Epidemiological  Society  of  Mary- 
land; Editor,  Oglethorpe  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  for  three 
years;  Editor,  Independent  Practitioner,  Bialtimore.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, November  29,  1884. 

Byrenheidt,   a.     1822.     Of   New  Orleans.     See  list  of   1848. 

Byrne,  Bernard  James.  1895.  Born  at  Pikesville,  Md.,  September  8, 
1848.  Educated  at  Borromeo'  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  Laurence 
Byrne;    M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1871;    A.  A.  Surgeon, 

340 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

U.  S.  A.,  1872-73  and  1880-90 ;  in  hospitals  of  New  York,  1874-80; 
practiced  at  Ellicott  City  since  1890;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad ;  Physician  to  Oella  Dispensary  and  to  St.  Charles  College. 

*Byrne,  Bernard  M.  Born  in  Ireland,  1807.  Educated  at  Trin- 
ity College,  Dublin;  removed  to  Maryland;  M.D.,  and  Latin  Med- 
alist, University  of  Maryland,  1828;  Physician  to  Hibernian  Soci- 
ety, Baltimore,  1828;  appointed  from  Maryland,  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  May  20,  1836;  appointed  Major  and  Surgeon,  March  31, 
1853;  he  was  the  author  of  "Essay  to  Prove  Contagious  Character 
of  Cholera,"  -etc.,  8vo,  Baltimore,  1833.  Died  of  yellow  fever, 
Charleston,  S.  C,  September  6,  i860. 

*Byrne,  Charles.  1822  (?).  Born  in  Ireland.  Educated  at  Trinity 
College,  Dublin;  removed  to  Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1825;  rem'oved  from  Mlaryland  to  Florida.  Died  on  St. 
John's  River,  Florida,  1854. 

*Byrne,  John.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  20,  1816.  A.M.,  St. 
Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  1837;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1837;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1837; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  August  2,  1838;  resigned,  December 
22,  1846;  settled  in  Missouri,  1846;  again  in  U.  S.  A.,  March  2, 
1849;  resigned,  October  11,  1857;  located  at  St.  Mary's,  Mo., 
1857.     Died  at  St.  Mary's,  1887. 

*Cadden,  Charles  William.  1875.  Born  at  Shepherdstown,  Va., 
March  11,  1830;  son  of  Rev.  R.  Cadden.  Educated  at  Light  Street 
Institute;  pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Bond;  M.D.,  Washington  Uni- 
versity, 1850;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Purnell  Legion,  U.  S.  A.,  1861 ; 
later,  Surgeon,  Fourth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Irifantry  and  Army 
of  the  Potomac;  after  practicing  in  Plarford  County,  1865,  re- 
moved to  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  March  26,  1879. 

Cairnes,  George  Henry.  1880.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  May 
I,  1838.  Educated  at  Tuscarora  Academy,  Juniata  County,  Pa.; 
pupil  of  Drs.  S.  C.  Chew  and  J.  H.  Butler;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1864;  Resident  Student,  Almshouse;  practiced  in  Har- 
ford County,  Towson  and  Woodberry;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1892; 
United  States  Marshal,  1886-90.  21  West  Twenty-fifth  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*Caldwell,  John  B.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1816;  an 
incorporator  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  1817; 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Physician  to  Almshouse,  1820.     Died  of  yellow  fever  at  Baltimore, 
1820.     See  list  of  1848. 

Caldwell,  John  Jabez.  1874.  Born  at  Oakhill,  New  Castle  County, 
Del.,  April  28,  1836.  Educated  at  Bullock's  Academy;  M.D.,  New 
York  Medical  College,  i860;  practiced  at  New  York,  1860-62,  and 
at  Brooklyn,  1866-73;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-65; 
on  Brooklyn  Board  of  Health,  1866-67;  Surgeon,  Brooklyn  Cen- 
tral Dispensary,  1867-68;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1873;  Sanitary  In- 
spector, Health  Department,  Baltimore.  1814  Edmondson  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*Caldwell,  Samuel  H.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828. 
Of  Baltimore  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Calvert,  Edward  H.  1833.  M.D.;  Member  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Maryland,  1803 ;  Censor,  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  1840. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Cameron,  Martin  Frederick  J.  1897.  Born  at  Kingston,  Ontario, 
Canada,  February  10,  1869;  son  of  Angus  Cameron.  Educated  at 
Junction  Union  School  and  Collegiate  Institute ;  pupil  of  Dr.  George 
W.  Whitney;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1890;  Professor  of 
Physiology,  Milwaukee  Medical  College,  1891-92;  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  Milwaukee  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1894-95.     406  North  Broadway,  Bialtimore. 

Campbell,  Robert  Hamilton.  1897.  Born  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  Octo- 
ber I,  1866.  Educaited  at  Atkinson's  School,  Baltimore;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1889;  Resident  Physician,  Ba3rview  Hospi- 
tal, 1889-90;  Physician  in  Charge,  Soo-Ohlow-Foo  Hospital,  China, 
1890-92 ;  in  Europe,  1892 ;  commenced  practice  at  Macon,  Ga.,  later 
removing  to  Baltimore ;  removed  to  1320  Spruce  Street,  Philadel- 
phia, 1902. 

Campbell,  William  H.  H.  1882.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869 
("Va.") ;  Visiting  Physician,  Maryland  Asylum  and  Training 
School  for  Feeble-Minded,  Owings'  Mills,  Baltimore  County,  Md. 

*Canfield,  William  Buckingham.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1857. 
A.B.,  Princeton;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin,  1886;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  University 
of  Maryland,  a  Founder  and  Attending  Physician,  Hospital  for  Con- 
sumptives; Attending  Physician,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary  and 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Bayview  Asylum;  Editor,  Maryland  Medical  Journal;  Associate 
Editor,  Health  Magazine,  Baltimore ;  he  was  the  author  of  "Practi- 
cal Notes  on  Urinary  Analysis"  (two  editions)  ;  "Hygiene  of  the 
Sick  Room,"  1892;  and  translator  of  Seifert  and  MuUer's  "Clini- 
cal Diagnosis,"  1887.  Died  at  New  York  City,  December  26,  1899, 
from  a  fall  causing  fracture  of  the  skull. 

Carey,  Charles  James.  1899.  Born  at  Berlin,  Md.,  May  11,  1871. 
Graduated  from  Buckingham  Academy,  1887;  M.D.,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1897;  First  Assistant  Physician, 
Baltimore  Insane  Asylum  (Bayview),  1897-98;  Assistant  Physician, 
Second  Hospital  for  Insane   ("Springfield"),  Sykesville,  Md. 

*Carey,  Robert  C.  I.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1825. 
Of  Frederick  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Carpenter,  George  Henry.  1895.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1868 
("Va.")  ;  practices  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  residing  on  the  West  Vir- 
ginia side  of  the  Potomac. 

*Carr,  Mortimer  A.  R.  F.  1890.  Born  in  Virginia,  1831.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1851.  Died  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  March  24, 
1898. 

*Carrere,  Edward  W.  1827.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1825 ;  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1829 ; 
on  Committee  to  Nominate  Censors,  1831 ;  Physician  to  Cholera 
Hospital  No.  2,  Baltimore,  1832;  believed  to  have  been  connected 
with  the  Court  in  some  way;  was  present  at  the  trial  of  Dr.  Hall, 
1843,  as  reporter.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Carrico,  Louis  C.  1897.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  November 
23,  i860.  A.B.,  and  A.M.,  Rock  Hill  College,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1885;  Member  of  House  of  Delegates,  1892-94; 
Member  of  Maryland  Senate,  1894-96;  practices  at  Hughesville, 
Charles  County,  Md. 

Carroll,  Charles  John.  1897.  Born  at  Dennisville,  Cape  May 
County,  N.  J.,  December  16,  1872.  Engaged  in  Pharmacy;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1895 ;  Assistant  in  Surgery,  Dispen- 
sary, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1895-96;  Assistant  in  Gynaecology, 
Dispensary,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1897-99.  1732  East  Baltimore 
Street,   Baltimore. 

343 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

♦Carroll,  George  A.  1819.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.  Studied 
medicine  at  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810; 
appointed  from  Maryland  Post  Surgeon,  February  17,  1817;  re- 
signed, October  24,  1818;  settled  in  practice  at  Port  Tobacco, 
Charles  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Carroll,  James  J.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  27,  1866.  Edu- 
cated at  St.  Charles  College,  Ellicott  City,  and  Loyola  College, 
Baltimore;  A.M.,  Loyola  College;  M.D.,  and  Gold-Medalist,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1893 ;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Univer- 
sity Hospital,  1893-94;  Resident  Physician,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  Hospital,  1894;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  Hospital ;  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgeon,  St 
Joseph's  Hospital,  Baltimore.  114  West  Franklin  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

Carter,  Merville  Hamilton.  1892.  Born  at  Middletovi^n,  Frederick 
County,  Va.,  August  21,  1856.  Educated  at  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Newmarket,  Va, ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Bal- 
timore, 1878;  for  fifteen  ydars  Visiting  Physician  to  Hebrew  Or- 
phan Asylum ;  for  six  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  S-'-hool  Com- 
missioners of  Baltimore.     1800  West  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

Caruthers,  Frederick.  1899.  Born  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  February  2, 
1870.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Arkansas ;  pupil  of  Drs. 
Breedlove  and  Southard,  Fort  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1892 ;  Assistant  Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
1892;  Assistant  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1892-93;  Resident 
Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1893-95 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Pathology,  Baltimore  University,  and  Svirgeon,  Baltimore  Gen- 
eral Dispensary,  1897;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Genito-uri- 
nary  Surgery,  Maryland  Medical  College.  2229  East  Pratt  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*Cass,  David  M.  1828.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1828  ("New  Hampshire").  Of  Boston.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

Cassidy,  Henry  Francis.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  14, 
1869;  son  of  Francis  Cassidy.  A.B.  and  A.M.,  Loyola  College, 
Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890.  408  Roland  Ave- 
nue, Baltimo're. 

Cathell,  Daniel  Webster.  1875.  Born  in  Worcester  County,  Md., 
November  29,   1839.     Studied  at  the   University  of  Maryland  and 

344 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Long  Island  College  Hospital ;  M.D.,  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital, 1865 ;  settled  at  Baltimore ;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society,  1872-73 ;  Surgeon,  Eighth  Regiment  of  M.  N.  G. ; 
Professior  of  Pathology,  College  of  Physicians,  and  Surgeons,  Bal- 
timore, 1873-75.     1308  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Cathell,  William  Thackeray.  1886.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December 
4,  1864.  A.B.,  Loyola  College,  1884;  A.M.,  Loyola  College,  1896; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1886; 
Specialist  in  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat.  1308  North  Charles 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Caussin,  Nathaniel  Pope.  Born  in  Maryland,  1781.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1805 ;  practiced  at  Port  Tobacco,  Md., 
for  thirteen  years;  Censor,  1817;  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C, 
1818;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court,  Washington,  1838-49.  Died  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  November  14,  1849.  See  lists  of  1807  and 
1848. 

Chabot,  Gabriel  Henry.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  19,  1861. 
Educated  at  the  Maryhi^nd  Agricultural  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  W. 
B.  Canfield;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883;  House  Physician, 
University  Hospital,  1883-85;  Vaccine  Physician,  1891.  11 11  East 
Preston    Street,    Baltimore. 

Chadwick,  James  Read.  Honorary.  1897.  Born  at  Boston,  Mass., 
November  2,  1844.  A.B.,  Harvard  1865;  in  Europe,  1865-67;  A.M., 
Harvard,  and  M.D.,  Harvard  Medical  School,  1871 ;  special  stu- 
dent in  Obstetrics  in  Europe,  1871-73 ;  Lecturer,  Harvard  Medical 
School,  1873,  and  opened  special  dispensary  for  women;  a  Founder 
of  Boston  Medical  Library  Association,  1875 ;  Perpetual  Librarian, 
Boston  Medical  Library  Association;  a  Founder  of  American  Gyn- 
aecological Association,  1876;  Secretary  of  American  Gynaecological 
Association,  1876-83 ;  Instructor  in  Gynaecology,  Harvard  Medical 
School,  1882 ;  a  Founder  of  Harvard  Medical  Alumni  Association, 
1890;    President,    Massachusetts   Cremation   Society. 

Ciiaille,  Stanford  Emerson.  Hottorary.  1879.  Born  at  Natchez, 
Miss.,  July  9,  1830.  A.B.,  Harvard,  1851;  A.M.,  Harvard,  1853; 
M.D.,  University  of  Louisiana,  1853;  M.D.,  Tulane  University, 
Louisiana,  1884;  Resident  Physician,  United  States  Marine  Hos- 
pital, New  Orleans,  1853-54;  Resident  Physician,  Circus  Street  In- 
firmary, 1854-60;  Co-Editor,  Nezv  Orleans  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal,  1857-68;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Loui- 

345 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

siana,  1858-67;  Acting  Surgeon-General  of  Louisiana,  1861-62;  Sur- 
geon, C.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  University  of  Loui- 
siana, 1865-66;  Professor  of  Physiological  and  Pathological  Anatomy, 
University  of  Louisiana,  1867;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University 
of  Louisiana,  1876;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene,  Tulane 
University,  1885;  Dean  of  the  Medical  Department,  Tulane 
University,  1885.     New  Orleans,  La. 

*Chaisty,  Edward  J.  1853.  Born  near  Baltimore,  December  22,  1813. 
A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  1832;  Preceptor,  St.  Mary's  College, 
1832-35;  student  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1837;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland 
(Trustees'  School),  1837-39;  Assistant  Health  Commissioner,  Balti- 
more, 1849 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1854 ;  Member  of  Maryland  Legis- 
lature, 1867,  1871,  187s,  1877;  he  vi^as  the  author  of  "The  London 
Dissector,"  etc.,  Baltimore,  1839,  i2mo,  pp.  o.'jz-  Died  at  Baltimore, 
August  16,  1882. 

Chalmers,  George  W.  1828.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Bal- 
timore, 1828.     Of  Baltimore  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Chamberlaine,  Joseph  Ennalls  Meuse.  1878.  Born  at  Clora's 
Point,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  February  18,  1826.  Educated  at  the 
Academies  of  Cambridge  and  Easton,  Md. ;  practiced  at  Easton, 
and  was  also  interested  in  agriculture;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1849 ;  President,  Talbot  County  Medical  Society,  1892 ;  re- 
tired from  practice  a  few  years  ago-.  Died  at  Easton,  January  30, 
1901. 

Chambers,  John  Wesley.  1881.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Del,  Sep- 
tember 9,  1856.  Educated  at  Centerville  Academy,  Md. ;  pupil  of 
Dr.  J.  A.  Holton ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Bal- 
timore, 1878 ;  Assistant  Physician,  and  later.  Resident  Physician, 
City  Hospital,  1878-80 ;  Prosector,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, 1879-81 ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1881-91 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1891-94;  Professor  of  Operative  and  Clinical  Sur- 
gery, College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1894 — ;  Professor  of  Op- 
erative Surgery  and  Topographic  Anatomy.  Baltimore  Polyclinic, 
1884;  Demonstrator,  and  later.  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore 
College  of  Dental  Surgery;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1892-93;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association; 
President,    Medical    and    Surgical    Society;  Consulting    Physician, 

346 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hebrew   and   St.   Joseph's    Hospitals.     i8    West    Franklin    Street, 
Baltimore. 

Chancellor,  Charles  W.  1882.  Born  near  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1833.  Educated  at  Georgetown  College  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia ;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1853 ;  practiced 
at  Alexandria  until  1861 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  at  Memphis, 
1865-68;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1868;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Dean, 
and  later,  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Balti- 
more, 1868-73 ;  Emeritus  Professor  and  President,  Washington 
University,  1873-77;  Commissioner  of  Public  Schools,  1871-72; 
Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1870; 
Member  of  the  First  Branch  City  Council,  1872-76;  Member  of  the 
Second  Branch  City  Council,  and  President,  1877-79;  President  of 
the  Board  of  Managers,  Maryland  Insane  Asylum,  1879-80;  Secre- 
tary of  the  Maryland  State  Board  of  Health,  1876;  Editor,  Sani- 
tary Messenger;  Consul  to  Havre,  France;  resides  at  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Chaney,  Thomas  Morris.  1897.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  September 
28,  1842.  A.B.  and  A.M.,  Dickinson  College;  taught  in  Maryland 
Public  Schools,  1862-64;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1866;  A.  A. 
Surgeon,    U.    S.    A.;    Health    Officer,    Calvert    County,    Md.     Of 

Dunkirk,  Md. 

Chaplain,  James  Stevens.  1897.  Born  at  Trappe,  Md.,  May  5,  1827. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1854;  resides  at  Trappe,  Md. 

*Chapman,  John.  1817.  Not  a  graduate.  Of  Baltimore.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead.  (There  is  a  "Chapman,  John,  Pa.,  1826,"  in  list 
of  graduates  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  A  Dr.  Chapman 
was  present  at  the  annual  convention  of  1830.) 

*Chapman,  John  S.  Born  in  Maryland,  1826.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1847;  lived  at  Baltimore;  later,  at  Washington;  later,  at 
New  York.  Died  at  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  July  15,  1871.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*Chapman,  Nathaniel.  1877.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  August 
26,  1842;  son  of  Pearson  Chapman.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall 
Academy  and  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Pa. ;  left  college 
in    his    senior   year   and    joined    C.    S.    A.    as    Lieutenant   of   First 

Maryland   Cavalry,   1861-65;   M.D.,   University   of  Maryland,    1872; 

347 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

began  practice  near  Glymont,  Md.,  but  moved  to  Washington,  D.  C. 
He  resided  at  1212  K  Street  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.  Died, 
1899,  of  Bright's  Disease. 

Chapman,  Pearson,  Jr.  1875.  Born  at  Glymont,  Md.,  August  5, 
1840;  son  of  Pearson  Chapman.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall 
Academy,  and  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1865;  began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1870;  Vac- 
cine Physician,  Baltimore,  1873 ;  moved  to  Perryman's,  Harford 
County,  Md.,  1876,  where  he  still  resides. 

Chappelear,  Harry  C.  1899.  Born  at  Hughesville,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  May  16,  1873.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall  Military  Academy; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1897;  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  prac- 
tices at  Hughesville,  Md. 

*Chappell,  Philip  S.  1829.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Bal- 
timore, 1829.     Of  Baltimore.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Chatard,  Ferdinand  Edme.  1830.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  3, 
1805.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  1824;  pupil  of  his 
father  (Dr.  Pierre  Chatard)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826; 
studied  three  years  in  Europe.  Died  at  Baltimore,  October  18, 
1888. 

*Chatard,  Ferdinand  Edme,  Jr.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  7, 
1839;  son  of  F.  E.  Chatard.  A.B.,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Em- 
mitsburg,  1858;  A.M.,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  i860;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1861;  Resident  Physician,  Almshouse, 
1861-62;  studied  in  Europe  two  and  one-half  years;  Lecturer  on 
the  Diseases  of  Wo'men  and  Children,  Summer  Course,  University 
of  Maryland,  and  Attending  Physician  to  Special  Dispensary, 
1866;  President,  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland,  1877-78;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1877-78;  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  Children,  Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Consulting  Physician,  Baltimore  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital;  Medical  Director,  Maryland 
Life  Insurance  Company.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  27,   1900. 

*Chatard,  Pierre.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Cape  Frangois,  San  Domingo, 
July  18,  1767.  Licentiate  in  Arts,  College  of  Toulouse,  France, 
1785;  M.D.,  University  of  Montpellier,  France,  1788;  at  Hotel  Dieu, 
Paris,    1788-90;   pupil   of   Dessault;    arrived   at   Wilmington,   Del., 

348 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1794,  and  at  Baltimore,  1800;  Consulting  Physician,  Baltimore  Hos- 
pital, 1812;  Member  of  the  Faculty  of  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1839.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January  5,  1848.  (In  Trans. 
of  1855,  p.  33,  Dr.  W.  C.  Van  Bibber  reports  4309  cases  of  labor 
in  the  practice  of  Dr.   Chatard.) 

Cheever,  David  Williams.  Honorary.  1897.  Born  at  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  November  30,  1831.  A.B.,  Harvard,  1852;  M.D.,  Harvard, 
1858;  LL.D.,  Harvard;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Harvard,  i860; 
Assistant  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Harvard,  1866;  Adjunct  Pro- 
fessor of  Clinical  Surgery,  Harvard,  1868;  Professor  of  Clinical 
Surgery,  Harvard,  1877;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Harvard,  1882; 
Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery,  Harvard;  Surgeon,  Bositon  Dis- 
pensary, 1863-68;  Surgeon,  Boston  City  Hospital,  1864—;  he  is  the 
author  of  "Lectures  on   Surgery,"  8vo. 

*Chesley,  James  A.  1831.  Born  in  Calvert  County  Md.,  June  20, 
1802;  son  of  Thomas  Chesley.  Graduated  from  the  University  of 
Georgia;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  practiced  in  Geor- 
gia, and  afterwards  at  Friendship,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
and  in  Calvert  County  Md.,  mostly  in  the  latter  place.  "A  man 
of  exceptional  power  and  influence,  of  marked  culture,  the  best 
physician  of  his  county."  Died  April  9,  1863.  See  lists  of  1848 
and  1853. 

*Chesley,  Nathaniel  Dare.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  16,  1815. 
Educated  at  the  Friends'  School  and  Lord  and  Roszell's  School, 
Baltimore,  and  Nottingham  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  Macgill,  of 
Frederick,  and  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  of  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1836;  settled  for  practice  at  West  River,  Anne  Arundel 
County,  and  practiced  there  for  thirty-five  years.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, January  23,  1878. 

Cheston,  James.  1825.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  10,  1804.  Educated 
at  St.  Mary's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825;  settled, 
and  practiced  medicine  for  about  twenty  years,  at  West  River,  Md. ; 
then  retired  and  lived  as  a  country  gentleman  until  October  16, 
1885,  when  he  died  of  pneumonia,  leaving  a  widow  and  eight  chil- 
dren.    See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Che\v,  Samuel.  1829.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  April  29,  1806. 
Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  Mary's  County,  and  Princeton ; 
A.B.,  Princeton,  1825;  A.M.,  Princeton,  1828;  student  of  Dr.  Wil- 

349 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Ham  Donaldson,  of  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829; 
practiced  in  Calvert  County,  1829-34;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1834; 
Librarian,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1835-41 ; 
Treasurer,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1838-39;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  Eye  and  Ear  Institute,  1840;  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica,  University  of  Maryland,  1841-52;  Dean,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1842-44;  Professor  of  Practice,  University  of 
Maryland,  1852-63 ;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1858 ; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859-63 ;  author 
of  "Lectures  on  Medical  Education,"  i2mo,  Philadelphia,  1864 
(edited  by  his  son).  Died  at  Baltimore,  December  25,  1863. 
(Trans.  American  Medical  Association,  1865.) 

Chew,  Samuel  Claggett.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  26,  1837;  son  of 
last-named.  A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1856;  A.M.,  Princeton,  1859; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1858;  Professor  of  M'ateria  Medica, 
University  of  Maryland,  1864-86;  visited  Europe,  1864;  Professor 
of  Practice,  University  of  Mairyland,  1886 — ;  Dean,  University  of 
Maryland,  1874-79;  President  of  the  Alumni  Association,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1877-78  and  1893-94;  Examining  Physician, 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society;  Vice-President,.  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1873-74  and  1877-78;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1879-80  and  1898-99;  Sur- 
geon-General, Society  of  Colonial  Wars  of  Maryland;  Consulting 
Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital;  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Peabody  Institute;  one  of  the  authors  of  "Pepper's 
System  of  Medicine."    215  West  Lanvale  Street,  Baltimore. 

Chilton,  Orrick  M.  1888.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  In  Polk's  Directory, 
1890. 

Chisolm,  Francis  Miles.  1890.  Born  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  Septem- 
ber 22,  1867;  son  of  J.  J.  Chisolm.  Educated  at  Marston's  School 
and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1889;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospi- 
tal, 1889-95 ;  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital, 
1895 — ;  Demonstrator  of  Ophthalmology,  University  of  Maryland; 
Editor  of  the  Jaurnal  of  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Diseases,  1896 — .  114 
West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Chisolm,  Julian  John.  1877.  Born  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  April  16, 
1830.  M.D.,  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  1850; 
studied  at  London  and  Paris ;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Medical  Col- 
lege of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  1858-69;  received  first  medi- 


TRISTRAM    THOMAS 
1769- 1847. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cal  appointment  in  South  Carolina  in  War  of  1861-65,  and  treated 
the  first  wounded  in  this  War  (Fort  Sumter);  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A., 
1861-65 ;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1869 ;  Professor  of  Operative  Sur- 
gery, and  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 
University  of  Maryland,  1869-73 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the 
Eye  and  Ear,  University  of  Maryland,  1873-99;  Emeritus  Profes- 
sor, 1899 — ;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland,  1869-74;  Surgeon,  Bal- 
timore Eye  and  Ear  Institute;  Founder  and  Chief  Surgeon,  Pres- 
byterian Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Baltimore ;  President, 
Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine;  author  of  "Manual  of  Military 
Surgery"  (several  editions.  This  work  was  the  text-book  in  C. 
S.  A.) ;  Chairman  of  the  Ophthalmological  Section  of  the  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress,  1887;  resides  at  Petersburg,  Va. 

♦Christian,  John  H.  1878.  Born  in  Virginia,  August  18,  1845;  son 
of  Prof.  Heath  Jones  Christian.  Educated  at  Rlavensiwood  High 
School,  Richmond,  Va.;  in  C.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  M.D.,  Medical 
College  of  Virginia,  1867;  Medical  Director,  Independent  Order  of 
Heptasophs;  President,  Medical  Section  of  the  Fraternal  Congress 
(United  States  iand  Canada).  Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  March  13, 
1902. 

*Chunn,  James  Thomas.  Born  in  Fauquier  County,  Va.,  January 
31,  1829.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  185 1 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital, 
New  York,  1852-53 ;  continued  studies  at  Paris,  Dublin,  Edinburgh 
and  London,  1853-55 ;  settled  to  practice  at  Baltimore,  1856.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  January  14,  1867,  of  typhus  fever. 

Chunn,  William  Pawson.  1890,  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  11,  1858; 
son  of  last-named.  Educated  at  Atkinson's  School,  1873-77,  3.nd  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  1877-78;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1880;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1880-87;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Hospital  for  Women 
of  Maryland,   1882-89.     1023  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Clagett,  Horatio  C.  Born  at  Pleasant  Valley,  Washington  County, 
Md.,  July  I,  1793.  Attended  one  course  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  began  practice  with  his  father  at  the  age  of  nine- 
teen; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1814.  Died  in  Washington 
County,  Md.,  March  5,  1858.  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.  (Trans. 
American  Medical  Association,    i860.) 

*Clagett,  James  Hawkins.  1826.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
December  25,  1804.     Educated  at  Rockville  Academy ;  pupil  of  Dr. 

23  351 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Horatio  Clagett ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  practiced 
at  Pleasant  Valley,  Washington  County,  Md.,  and  also  farmed. 
Died  March  14,  1869.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Clagett,  Joseph  Edward.  1855  and  1879.  Born  at  Pleasant  Valley, 
Washington  County,  Md.,  September  5,  1830.  Pupil  of  his  father 
(Dr.  James  Hawkins  Clagett)  ;  M.D.,  Winchester  Medical  College, 
1850;  also  attended  colleges  at  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York, 
Richmond  and  Charleston;  practiced  in  Maryland,  1851-55;  in  the 
drug  business  at  Harper's  Ferry,  W.Va.,  1855-61 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A., 
1861-65;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1866;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica, 
Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1867-73;  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics, Washington  University,  1873-77;  in  1878  traveled  abroad. 
108  South  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

Clagett^  Richard  H.  1829.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty (no  degree).  Of  Davidsonville,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Clagett,  Zechariah.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Rockville,  then 
Frederick  County,  Md.,  November  19,  1760.  Attended  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  "A  man  of  rigid  integrity  and 
eminent  professional  skill."  Died  at  Pleasant  Valley,  Washing- 
ton County,  Md.,  January  28,  1825. 

*Claggett,  H.  William.     1828.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

Clark,  Enoch  G.  1899.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Del.,  February  24,  1844. 
Taught  school;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867;  practiced 
in  Fairfield  County,  O.,  1867-68;  located  at  Millington,  Kent 
County,  Md.,  1868,  and  has  resided  there  ever  since;  member  of 
the  Maryland  Legislature  (two  terms),  1894-98;  President  of 
County  Medical  Society ;  combines  farming  and  practice. 

Clark,  John  Howe.  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  October  19,  1861 ; 
Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  April  24,  1865;  Surgeon,  May  14,  1867; 
Medical  Inspector,  January  8,  1885  (Hammersley)  ;  Medical  Direc- 
tor, retired  list,  with  rank  of  Rear  Admiral,  Amherst,  N.  H.  (Polk, 
1902).     Of  Somerset  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1853  and  1873. 

Clark,  Joseph  Clement.  1894.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1858. 
Educated  at  St.  John's  College ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1880;  practiced  at  Federalsburg,  Md.,  1880-95;  Health  Officer,  Tal- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

bot  County;  Member  of  Maryland  House  of  Delegates,  1895-96; 
First  Assistant  Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  1896- 
99;  Superintendent,  Second  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at  Spring- 
field, 1899 — ;  Professor  of  Psychiatry,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
1900—.     P.  O.,  Sykesville,  Md. 

*Clark,  Lemuel  B.  1801.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.;  appointed  from 
Maryland,  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  January  4,  1808;  Post  Sur- 
geon, April  24,  1816;  resigned,  October  18,  1817.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

Clark,  Thaddeus  Watkins.  1895.  Born  in  Howard  County,  Md., 
May  3,  1852.  Educated  at  Rock  Hill  and  St.  Clement's  Colleges ; 
pupil  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Watkins;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1880;  Demonstrator  of  Physiology  and  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Ner- 
vous Diseases,  University  of  Maryland;  Lecturer  on  Clinical 
Medicine,  Bayview  Asylum;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fifth  Maryland 
Regiment,  U.  S.  V.  in  the  Spanish  War,  1898.  10  West  Ham- 
ilton  Street,    Baltimore. 

*Clark,  William  Y.  Of  Chambersburg,  Pa.  In  list  of  1848  marked 
dead.  (There  was  a  Clark,  William  J.,  born  in  Pennsylvania  and 
appointed  from  that  State,  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate,  April  26,  1817; 
Post  Surgeon,  April  18,  1818;  resigned,  June  i,  1819— Hammersley.) 

*Clarke,  Andrew  P.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1850.  Educated  at 
Loyola  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1873;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  O'hio  Railroad;  Physi- 
cian Bayview  Hospital,  1879+ ;  President,  Irish- American  Asso- 
ciation of  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  16,  1888. 

Clarke,  John  H.  1827.  M.D;  Delegate  to  National  Convention,  1849. 
Of  Somerset  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Clarke,  William  Baird.  1892.  MJD.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1890;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Bayview 
Hospital ;  Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine  Hospital,  Baltimore ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Maryland  Steel  Company;  studied  in  Europe 
two  years;  settled  at  Pittsburg  as  Specialist  in  Eye  Diseases.  Died 
at  Cannonsburg,  Pa.,  July  18,  1897. 

Clarvoe,  John  B.  H.  W.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827. 
Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.     See  list  of  1848. 

353 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Claude^  Abraham.  1838  (?).  Born  December  4,  1818.  Educated 
at  St.  John's  College  (A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  1835— Quinan;  ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1838;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A; 
Mayor  of  Annapolis  several  times ;  Professor  of  Natural  Science, 
St.  John's  College,  1871-83;  State  Senator  and  Comptroller;  Post- 
master of  Annapolis.     Died  at  Annapolis,  January  10,   1901. 

*Claude,  Dennis.  1808.  Born  at  Annapolis,  1779.  Educated  at  St. 
John's  College;  student  of  Dr.  Reverdy  Ghiselin ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1802;  Surgeon's  Mate,  1804,  and  Surgeon,  Regi- 
ment of  Light  Artillery,  U.  S.  A.,  December  12,  1808;  Mayor  of 
Annapolis,  1828  and  1852 ;  Member  of  Maryland  Senate  and  House 
•of  Delegates;  State  Treasurer,  1854-60;  Censor,  1819,  1826  and 
1840;  Presidential  Elector,  1825.  Died  at  Annapolis,  December  9, 
1863.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Clemson,  Harry  Ellis.  1898.  Born  at  Elkton,  Md.,  November  17, 
1872.  Educated  at  Elkton  and  West  Nottingham  Academies  and 
Delavi^are  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Medical 
Director,  Silver  Cross  Home  for  Epileptics,  Port  Deposit,  Cecil 
County,  Md. 

*Clendinen,  Adam.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  John  Archer,  1796-99.  Died  at  Baltimore  (?),  1829.  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Clendinen,  Alexander.  1814.  Born  in  York  District,  South  Caro- 
lina, 1786.  Pupil  of  his  brother  (Dr.  William  H.  Clendinen,  of 
Baltimore)  ;  Surgeon  in  the  War  of  1812;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1815 ;  Incorporator  of  the  Eastern  Dispensary,  1818 ;  Consult- 
ing Surgeon,  Eastern  Dispensary,  1830-31 ;  Vice-President,  Balti- 
more Medical  Society.  Died  at  Baltimore,  1861.  See  lists  of  1848 
and  1853. 

*Clendinen,  William  Alexander.  1840.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1819  (?). 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1840;  traveled  and  studied 
abroad;  Chef  de  la  Clinique  Oculaire  of  Professor  Desmarres,  Paris. 
Died  at  New  Orleans,  1849  (of  cholera). 

*Clendinen,  William  Hazlett.  1804.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md., 
1772.  Educated  at  Columbia,  S.  C;  attended  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1802-03 ;  Assistant  Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse, 
1800-01;  Incorporator  of  the  Eastern  Dispensary,  1818;  Consulting 

354 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  1827-30;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1838.  Died  at  Baltimore,  November  6,  1839. 
See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

*Clendinen,  William  Hazlett,  Jr.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1833; 
son  of  W.  H.  Clendinen.  Pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1850 ;  Physician  to  Marine  Hospital ;  Founder  of 
Dispensary  of  St.  Barnabas'  Church,  1854;  Attending  Physician, 
Dispensary  of  St.  Barnabas'  Church,  1854-56;  Vaccine  Physician, 
1859-60;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  August  25,  1893.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

Clewell,   Augustus    A.     1892.    Born   at   Salem,   N.    C,    November  8, 
1845;  son  of  Diavid  Clewell.     Educated  at  Boys'   School,  S'alem 
Private,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;   M.D.,  University  of  Louisville,   1871 
practiced  in  North   Carolina,   1871-72;   settled  at  Baltimore,    1875 
Vaccine  Physician.     1741  Harford  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Clough,  John  A.  1826.  Of  Caroline  County,  Md. ;  later,  near  Eas- 
ton,  Talbot  County.     See  list  of  1848. 

*CoALE,  Skipwith  H.  1815.  Born  in  1787.  Of  Deer  Creek,  Harford 
County,  Md.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland.  1816.  Married  the 
daughter  of  Samuel  Chase,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence and  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  He 
invented  an  apparatus  for  fractured  clavicle,  1816.  Died  January  13, 
1832.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  (There  were  two  of  this 
name,  father  and  son:  S.  H.  Coale,  Jr.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1843;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  died  1848.) 

*CoALE,  William.  1828.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1805.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Died  in  Frederick  County,  1842. 
See  list  of   1848. 

*CoALE,  William  Edward.  1838.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  7, 
1816.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1836;  Physician  to  Baltimore 
General  Dispensary,  1836-37;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1837; 
resigned  from  Navy,  1843;  settled  in  practice  at  Boston;  on  Sani- 
tary Commission  in  the  Civil  War;  Instructor  in  Harvard  Medical 
School;  President,  Scots'  Charitable  Society,  1856-59;  A.M.  (Hon- 
orary), Trinity  College,  Hartford,  i860;  he  was  the  author  of 
"Hints  on  Health"  (three  editions),  1857;  and  a  treatise  on  "Nos- 
ology."    Died   at   Boston,   April  24,    1865. 

355 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

CoATES,  Leonard  Roberts.  i88i.  Born  at  Coatesville,  Pa.,  December 
25,  1858;  son  of  Dr.  C.  E.  Coates.  Removed  to  Baltimore,  1859; 
educated  at  Westtown  Boarding  School,  1871-72,  West  Notting- 
ham Academy,  1873-75,  and  at  the  University  of  Georgia,  1876-78; 
B.C.S.,  University  of  Georgia,  1878;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1880;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1881 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1881 ; 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1882 ;  retired 
from  practice,  1884,  and  is  in  business  at  Baltimore — financial  broker. 

*CoATS,  John.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Philadelphia,  July  11,  1751.  Said 
to  have  been  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia  (name  not 
in  catalogue).  Began  practice  at  Philadelphia;  enlisted  in  Conti- 
nental Army,  1775 ;  in  expedition  to  Canada  under  Arnold  and 
severely  wounded ;  recruited  and  equipped  a  company  in  Washing- 
ton's Army ;  member  of  Society  of  Cincinnati ;  in  practice  at  Phila- 
delphia, 1779;  Deputy  Grand  Master,  Grand  Lodge  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1779;  removed  to  Maryland,  1780;  Founder  and  first  Grand 
Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maryland,  1787-91  and  1793-94. 
Died  at  Easton,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  November  30,  1810.  In  1828 
the  Masons  of  Maryland  erected  a  monument  at  Easton  tio  his 
memory. 

*CoELENTZ,  Jacob.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  March  17,  1795. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  practiced  at  Middletown, 
Frederick  County,  Md.,  1819-38;  Deacon  and  Ruling  Elder  in  the 
Reformed  Church ;  his  health  breaking  down,  he  removed,  in  the 
fall  of  1838,  to  Dayton,  O.,  whene  he  engaged  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness. Died  at  Diayton,  February  15,  1861.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853. 

CocHRANj  William  A.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1839. 
Of  Baltimore ;  later,  of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  See  list  of  1848.  The 
name  appears  in  Polk  last  in  1890. 

*CocKE,  James.  1805  (?).  Born  in  Virginia  about  1780.  Pupil  of  Sir 
Astley  Cooper,  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  1801-02;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1804;  came  to  Baltimore,  1804;  associated  in 
practice  with  Dr.  Davidge,  1807;  Lecturer  on  Physiology,  1807; 
Founder  of  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1807;  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  and  of  the  University 
of  Maryland,  1807-13.  In  1805  Dr.  Cocke  reduced  a  dislocatio'n  of 
the  humerus  of  seventeen  weeks  and  three  days  standing.  Died 
October  25,  1813. 

356 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 


CocKEY,  Charles.  1899.  Born  July  22,  1842.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1866 ;  Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Health  of  Queen  Anne's 
County;  resides  at  Queenstown,  Md. 

CocKEY,  Charles  Henry.  1883.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  4,  1844. 
Educated  at  the  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1867;  Instructor  in  Microscopy,  University  of  Maryland,  for  three 
years ;  Professor  of  Microscopy  and  Diseases  of  the  Throat,  Nose 
and  Chest,  Baltimore  University,  for  several  years;  Principal, 
Grammar  School  No.  18  for  twenity-six  years.  211  Nortih  Gilmor 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*CocKEY,  John  Paul.  1822.  Born  August  24,  1796;  son  of  John 
Cockey,  of  Bloomfield,  Md.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817. 
Died  November  27,  1859,  and  was  buried  at  Frederick  City,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

♦CocKEY,  Joseph  Cromwell.  1855.  Born  in  1808.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1835;  Member  of  Baltimore  City  Council.  Died  at 
Frederick,   Md.,    October   18,    1881.     See   Treasurer's  book. 

*CocKRiLL,  James  Jackson.  1854.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  March  18, 
1815.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1837 ;  Medical  Examiner  of  the  Draft,  1863 ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1864-65;  Vice-President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  13,  1878. 

*CocKRiLL,  Joseph  M.  About  1872.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1849.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873  and  1884 ; 
Physician  to  the  Jail,  1886;  Coroner.  Died  at  Bialtim'ore,  July 
23,  1898. 

CoE,  John  Alexander.  1899.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
December  24,  1864.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall  Academy,  St. 
Mary's  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1887;  practices  at  T.  B.,  Md. 

CoFFROTH,  Hamilton  Janney.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  17, 
1856.  Educated  at  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College  and  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institute;  pupil  of  Drs.  Clagett  and  Walls; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1879;  in  Medical  Department, 
U.   S.  A.,  1880-81;  one  of  the  Founders  of  Baltimore  University; 

357 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor  of  Physiology,  Baltimore  University,  1885-86;  Medical 
Examiner,  Royal  Arcanum  and  other  ordtrs.  924  Madison  Ave- 
nue, Baltimore.  ' 

*CoHEN,  Joshua  I.  1823.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  1801.  Student!  of 
Dr.  N.  Potter;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  Attending 
Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  Member  of  the  City 
Council,  1827;  Professor  of  Mineralogy,  University  of  Maryland; 
a  Founder  (with  Prof.  S.  Chew)  of  an  Eye  and  Ear  Institute, 
1840;  Otologist,  Eye  and  Ear  Institute;  Treasurer,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1839-56;  President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1857-58.  He  devoteid  himself  almost  exclu- 
sively to  Otology.  "One  of  the  earliest  aurists,  perhaps  the  first 
in  this  country"  (Friedenwald).     Died  at  Baltimore,  1870. 

CoHEN_,  Solomon  Solis.  Honorary.  1896.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember I,  1857.  A.B.,  Central  High  School,  Philadelphia,  1872; 
A.M.,  Central  Hi^h  School,  1877;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1883;  Dem- 
onstratoir  of  Piathology  and  Microscopy,  Philadelphia  Polyclinic, 
1883-85;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  the  Out-patient  Departmenit,  Jef- 
ferson, 1885-87;  Lecturer  on  Special  Therapeutics,  Jefferson, 
1887-91 ;  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  and  Therapeutics,  Phila- 
delphia Polyclinic,  1887;  Professor  of  Medicine  and  Therapeutics, 
1895 ;  Lecturer  on  Therapeutics,  Dartmouth  Medical  College, 
1889-92;  Physician  to  Philadelphia  and  Rush  Hospitals;  joint 
author  of  "Essentials  of  Medical  Diagnosis,"  Philadelphia,  1892; 
"A  System  of  Physiologic  Therapeutics,"  Phil.,  1901 — ;  contributor 
to  Foster's  Handbook  and  Sajous'  "Annual ;"  Editor,  Philadelphia 
Polyclinic,  1895-99;  President,  Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society, 
1898-99;  he  was  the  first  in  America  to  advocate  the  Brand  System 
in  typhoid  fever. 

*CoLBURN,  Augustus  W.  1874.  Born  in)  Massachusetts,  1800.  M.D., 
Washington  University,  1851;  Vaccine  Physician,  1856-60;  Sur- 
geon, Camden  Street  Hospital,  1861.  Died  at  Baltimore,  1886. 
Last  entry  in  Polk's  Directory  is  1886. 

*CoLE,  Isaac.  1827.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  1806.  Educated  at 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1827;  practiced  in  Baltimore  City  and  County  and  Win- 
chester, Va. ;  Censor,  Baltimore  County,  1840 ;  for  twenty  years 
a  minister  of  the  M.  E.  Church ;  in  1855  became  a  Baptist.  Died 
in  Carroll  Count>^  Md.,  July,  1885.    See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

358 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Cole,  John  Wesley.  1899.  Born  in  Holmes  County,  O.,  August  29, 
1867;  son  of  J.  W.  Cole.  Educated  at  Motmt  Union  College, 
Ohio;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893.  73S  North  Fulton 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*CoLE,  Merryman.  1830.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Baltimore.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*CoLEMAN,  Henry  E.     1813.     See  list  of  1848. 

*CoLGATE,  George.  1816  (?).  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  March  13, 
1805 ;  resigned,  June  16,  1809 ;  writes  from  Westminster,  1818,  as 
Censor  of  Frederick  County.  Of  Westminster,  Md.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

CoLLENBERG,  JoHN  Henry.  1879.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  March  7,  1852. 
Educated  at  the  City  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  Charles  L.  Gordon; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1879;  Examiner  for  Shield  of 
Honor.     1810  East  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

Collins,  Rollin  P.  1898.  Born  near  Bishopville,  Worcester  County, 
Md.,  October  16,  1864.  Graduate  of  Berlin  Academy;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1890;  practices  at  Bishopville,  Md. ;  his 
special  work  is  Diseases  of  Children. 

*Collins,  Stephen.  1831-32.  Born  in  Delaware,  1797.  Educated  at 
Washington  College,  Md.,  and  Princeton  College;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1823;  practiced  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
1825-28;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1832;  Member  of  Legislature,  1838; 
Orator,  1841  ;  Member  of  City  Council,  1840-46-47;  Librarian, 
Maryland  Historical  Society,  1844;  he  was  the  author  of  "Mis- 
cellanies," 8vo,  Philadelphia,  Carey  and  Hart,  1845.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, December  16,  1871.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Cone,  Claribel.  1894.  Graduate,  Western  Female  High  School ;  M.D. 
and  Medalist,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1890;  Lec- 
turer on  Hygiene,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1893-95;  Professor 
of  Pathology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1895 — ;  Pathologist,  Hos- 
pital of  the  Good  Samaritan,  1895 — .     1616  Eutaw  Place,  Baltimore. 

Cone,  Sydney  Million.  1898.  Born  at  Jonesboro,  Tenn.,  November 
16,    1869.     A.B.,  Johns    Hopkins   University,    1890;    M.D.,   Univer- 

359 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sity  of  Pennsylvania,  1893 ;  Assistant  in  Surgical  Pathology,  Johns 
Hopkins  University;  Assistant  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  1894  and  1897;  Assistant  in  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical 
College.     520  North  Charles  Street,  Baltim'ore. 

CoNLEYj   Amos    Carroll.      M.D.,    Winchester    (Va.)    Medical    College, 
1858.     Of  Piedmont,  W.  Va.,  1876-86;  of  Boone,  la.,  1890-98.     See 
Trans,  of  1873 ;  also  Trans.  West  Virginia  Medical  Society,  1876-77, 
,    and   Polk. 

*CoNNER,  John  A.  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  1834.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1862 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1872-73 ;  practiced 
at  Baltimore  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Sep- 
tember 26,  1881. 

*CoNRAD^  John  Summerfield.  1874.  Born  at  Fairfax  Court  House, 
Va.,  February  17,  1839.  Educated  at  Newton  and  Union  Academ- 
ies, Baltimore;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  i860;  M.D., 
National  Medical  College,  Washington,  1862;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore  Infirmary  (Uni- 
versity Hospital),  1868-71;  Resident  Physician,  Marine  Hospital, 
Baltimore,  1871-74;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Washington 
University,  Baltimore,  1872-73 ;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washing- 
ton University,  1873-74;  Superintendent,  Maryland  Hospital  for 
the  Insane  (Spring  Grove),  1874-79;  Superintendent,  Matley  Hill 
Sanitarium,  Baltimore  County,  1879-96.  Died  at  St.  Denis,  Md., 
December  7,  1896. 

CoNRADi,  LuDWiG  Emanuel.  Born  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  March  27, 
1870;  son  of  John  Philip  Conradi.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  CoiUege  of 
Pharmacy,  1890;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Bal- 
timore, 1892;  Vaccine  Physician,  1899;  Chief  Medical  Examiner, 
New  York  Life,  Eureka  Mutual  Aid  and  Provident  Life  Assur- 
ance Coimpanies,  and  Medical  Examiner  of  thirteen  other  co'm- 
panies.     609  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Cook,  Carlton  Myron.  1896.  Born  at  Orwell,  Bradford  County,  Pa., 
February  29,  i860.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893;  Dis- 
pensary Physician  and  Demonstrator  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1893 — .     1061  Myrtle  Avenue,  Baltim'ore. 

Cook,  Septimus  J.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1829.  Of  the  District  of  Columbia.  See  list  of  1858.  (A  Dr. 
Cooke  was  licensed,  1818.) 

360 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Cooke,  Theodore.  1879.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  October 
25,  1838.  Educated  at  Greenlane  Academy,  Baltimore  County; 
pupil  of  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1859. 
914  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

CooKE,  Theodore,  Jr.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  15,  1868; 
son  of  Dr.  Theodore  Cooke.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1889;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891;  Physician  to  Peniten- 
tiary, 1892 — ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Baltimore 
University,  1898 — ;  Eye  and  Ear  Specialist.  1818  North  Charles 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*CooKSEY,   Francis.     1810.     M.D.,   College   of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 

1810  (?).     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*CooMES,  Stanislaus.     181  i.     M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 

1811  (?).     Near  Port  Tobacco,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

*CooPER,  EzEKiEL.  1813.  Born  near  Willow  Grove,  Kent  County,  Del., 
November  28,  1788.  Pupil  of  Dr.  James  Sykes,  Sr.,  of  Dover, 
Del. ;  began  practice  at  Camden,  Del.  Is  said  to  have  had  a  "cer- 
tificate" from  "Maryland  Medical  College;"  this  was  probably 
the  earlier  diploma  of  this  Faculty,  "Collegium  Medicorum  in  Civi- 
tate  Marylandiae."  His  name  is  not  in  the  catalogue  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland.  He  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  died 
there  about  1830.     See  list  of  1848. 

Cooper,  James.  1892.  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  England,  1881 ;  Licen- 
tiate Royal  College  of  Physicians;  Member  Royal  College  of  Phy- 
sicians; Licentiate  in  Midwifery,  Rotunda,  Dublin,  1881 ;  Visiting 
Surgeon  of  Masonic  Schools,  London;  M.D.,  Buenos  Ayres,  1888; 
Ex- Attending  Surgeon,  Evelina  Hospital  for  Children;  Resident 
House  Surgeon,  British  Hospital  and  Masonic  Schools,  Buenos 
Ayres,  South  America;  Surgeon  to  Northern  Central  Railroad  of 
Cordoba;  Examiner,  Baltimore  Mutual  Aid  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany; 1332  Hull  Street,  Baltimore  (Polk,  1893  and  1896);  at  Deal's 
Island,   Somerset   County,   Md.    (Polk,   1902). 

CoRDELL,  Eugene  Fauntleroy.  1880.  Born  at  Charlestown,  Jefiferson 
County,  Va.,  June  25,  1843;  son  of  Dr.  L.  C.  Cordell.  Educated  at 
Charlestown  Academy  and  the  Episcopal  High  School  at  Alexan- 
dria, Va. ;  in  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1868; 
Clinical   Reporter,   University  Hospital,   1868-69;  Attending  Physi- 

361 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cian,  Baltimore  General  Dispens^ary,  1869-72 ;  Librarian,  Medical 
and  Chirurugical  Faculty,  1870-71  and  1880-87;  Co-Editor,  Mary- 
land Medical  Journal,  1880-82;  a  Founder  and  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1882-84; 
Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
1884 — ;  Attending  Physician,  Good  Samaritan  Hospital,  1882 — ; 
President  H'ospital  Relief  Association,  1893-97;  President  of  the 
Medical  Society,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1884-86  and  1899-1901; 
President  of  the  Medical  Society,  University  of  Maryland,  1897-98; 
Editor,  Bulletin  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  Woman's  Medical 
College,  1894-98;  author  of  "Historical  Sketch  of  the  University  of 
Maryland,"  1891,  and  of  "Medical  Annals  of  Maryland :  the  Centen- 
nial Volume  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1902."     855  Hamilton  Terrace,  Baltimore. 

CoRKRAN,  James  Merritt.  1898.  Born  at  Hurlock's,  Dorchester 
County,  Md.,  August  14,  i860.  Educated  at  Federal  Academy, 
Federalsburg,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887;  Princi- 
pal of  Lebanon  Public  Schools,  1883-84;  President,  Queen  Anne 
School  Commissioners;  practices  at  Centerville,  Md. 

*Correll,  John  William.  1875.  Born  at  Winchester,  Va.,  August  14, 
1825;  son  of  Amos  Abraham  Correll.  Educated  at  Winchester 
Academy;  attended  lectures  at  Winchester  Medical  College;  pupil 
of  Dr.  H.  McGuire;  began  practice  in  Virginia,  1847;  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  came  to  Baltimore  in  1866,  where  he  died  Jan- 
uary 20,  1900.  '■ 

*Correll,  Thomas  Abraham.  1877.  Born  at  Winchester,  Va.,  son  of 
J.  William  Correll.  Educated  at  Taneytown  Academy,  Md. ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1875 ;  practiced  at  Baltimore  about  two 
years ;  then  withdrew  from  practice  and  settled  at  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
in  the  agricultural  implement  business ;  removed  to  Hagerstown. 
Died  at  Hagerstown,  October  14,  1896. 

Corse,  George  F.  1879.  Born  near  Gardenville,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  December  8,  1839.  Educated  at  Newton  University,  Balti- 
more; pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1864;  practices  at  Gardenville,  Baltimore  County,  Md. 

Corse,  William  D.  1890.  Born  April  13,  1866.  Educated  at  Friends' 
High  School,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887; 
practices  at  Gardenville,  Baltimore  County,  Md. 

362 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*CosKERY,  Felix  S.  1853.  Born  in  1815.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1836.     Died  in  1873. 

*CosKERY,  Oscar  J.  About  1872.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  23, 
1843.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1865;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1865;  Physician  to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Baltimore, 
1870-82;  Professor  of  Surgery,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1873  and  1876-89.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  5,  1889. 

*CosKERY,  William.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  October,  1830. 

CosTiN,  William  F.  1856.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,   1854.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

*CouLTER,  John.  1801  (?).  Born  in  County  Down,  Ireland,  1751. 
Arrived  at  Baltimore,  1773;  Surgeon  to  Man-of-War  "Defence," 
Continental  Navy,  1775 ;  Surgeon,  Military  Hospital,  Baltimore, 
1776;  Member  of  Maryland  Convention  to  ratify  the  Constitution, 
1788;  Member  of  Maryland  Senate,  1788;  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Maryland  Militia,  1794;  City  Elector,  1797;  Member  of  the  City 
Council,  1799-1800;  Consulting  Physician,  City  Board  of  Health, 
1812.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  24,  1823. 

*CouLTER,  Mifflin.  1833.  Born  in  1799.  Pupil  of  Dr.  John  Coulter, 
of  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S,  N.,  1826;  later,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, October  12,  1840.     See  list  of  1848. 

CouNCELL,  Thomas  A.  1895.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  Novem- 
ber II,  1872.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1894;  Health  Officer  of  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  resides  at 
Easton,  Md. 

Councilman,  William  Thomas.  1885.  Born  at  Pikesville,  Baltimore, 
County,  Md.,  1854.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1878;  Medal- 
ist, Academy  of  Medicine  of  Baltimore,  1880;  Assistant  Physician, 
Quarantine  Station,  Baltimore,  1878-79 ;  studied  at  Vienna ;  As- 
sistant in  Physiology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1880;  Fellow^  by 
Courtesy,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1883-84;  Associate  in  Pathol- 
ogy; Johns  Hopkins  University,  1886-87;  Associate  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1888-90;  Associate  Professor 
of  Pathology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1890-91 ;  Shattuck  Pro- 
fessor   of    Pathological    Anatomy,    Harvard    University,    1892 — ; 

363 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1898;  A.M.  (Honorary), 
Harvard,  1899,  and  Johns  Hopkins,  1902.  "A  leader  in  medical 
research,  an  inspiring  teacher  and  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments" 
(President  Eliot,  of  Harvard). 

*CouRMES,   C.  J.  F.     1819.     See  list  of  1848. 

*CouRTS,  Richard  Henry.  1801  (?).  Surgeon's  Mate  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, 1777-79.     Died  in  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  1809. 

Cox,  Christopher  Christian.  1838.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August 
28,  1816.  A.B.,  Yale,  1835 ;  A.M.,  Yale,  later;  M.D.,  Washington 
University,  Baltimore,  1838;  began  practice  at  Baltimore;  practiced 
at  Easton,  Md.,  1843-48;  President,  Talbot  County  Medical  So- 
ciety; Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Philadelphia  College 
of  Medicine,  1848-49;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children,  1849;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1856-57;  Orator,  1850;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-62;  Sur- 
geon-General of  Maryland,  1862;  Vice-President,  American  Medi- 
cal Association,  1863-64;  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Maryland,  1864; 
LL.D.,  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Conn.,  1867;  Commissioner  of 
Pensions,  1868;  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Georgetown 
University,  1869;  Anatomy  added  in  1870;  President  of  the  Board 
of  Health,  D.  C,  1871;  Editor  of  National  Medical  Journal,  Wash- 
ington, 1870-72 ;  Associate  Editor,  Baltimore  Patriot.  Died  at 
Washington,    November    25,    1882. 

*Cox,  E  GovER.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  August  11,  1820. 
M.D.,  University  of  Ohio,  1840;  practiced  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va., 
and  Uniontown,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1844;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1852;  he  paid  special  attention  to  Dis- 
eases of  Women.     Died  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  August  19,  1883. 

*CoxE,  Ernest  Cleveland.  Born  at  Buffalo,  New  York,  1850;  son 
of  P.  E.  Bishop  Arthur  Cleveland  Coxe,  of  Western  New  York. 
M.D.,  New  York.     Died  at  Baltimore,  October  13,  1882. 

*Cozens,  William.  1801.  Of  the  District  of  Columbia.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

*Cradock,  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Garrison  Forest,  Md.,  May 
30,  1752.  Student  of  his  father  (Rev.  Thomas  Cradock),  and  later 
of  Dr.  Hulse;  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Medicine  of 
Philadelphia;   on   Committee  of  Observation,   1775;  Volunteer  in 

364 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Captain  Plunkett's  Company,  Continental  Army;  took  a  promi- 
nent part  in  reorganizing  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in 
America;  Member  of  the  first  General  Convention,  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Diocesan  Convention  and  a  member  of  the  Standing  Com- 
mittee of  Maryland;  Vestryman  of  St.  Thomas'  Church,  Garrison 
Forest;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Maryland  Society  for  the  Pro- 
motion of  Useful  Knowledge,  1800;  never  married.  "He  was  an 
able  and  distinguished  physician."  Died  at  "Trentham,"  October 
19,  1821. 

*Cbaig,  John  A.  1830.  Born  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  1807.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1830;  resided  at  Baltimore  for  some  years,  then 
moved  to  Florida  and  became  a  planter;  resided  after  1865  at 
Govanstown,  Md.  Died  at  "Ravenswood,"  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  December  10,  1893. 

Craig,  Philip  Eugene.  1899.  Bom  at  Edgewood  Harford  County, 
Md.,  April  6,  1869.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1897.  1103  Edmondson  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

Craigen,  William  J.  1892.  Born  in  Hampshire  County,  Va.,  1836; 
son  of  Jacob  S.  Craigen.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1859; 
settled  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  later,  at  Cumberland,  Md. ;  Physician 
to  Jail,  Almshouse  and  Insane  Asylum,  Cumberland;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Tri-State  Medical  Association,  1899;  resides  at  Cumber- 
land, Md. 

Ckaighill,  James  M.  1882.  Born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  October  9, 
1857;  son  of  General  Craighill,  U.  S.  Engineers.  Educated  at  the 
Episcopal  High  School,  Alexandria,  Va. ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1882;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1882-83;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty;  Chief  of  Medical  Clinic,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland ;  Associate  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  1900 — . 
1730  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Crane,  Jonathan.  1814.  M.D.  Of  Church  Hill,  Queen  Anne  County, 
Md.  Died  in  1856.  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.  "Dr.  Crane  and 
Ellen  Sophia  Massey  was  joined  together  in  Holy  Matrimony  on 
the  sixteenth  day  of  April,  1849,  by  the  Rector  of  Shrewsbury  Par- 
ish"  (MS.  Records  of  Kent  County). 

365 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Crane,  R.  J.  Born  in  1793.  Censor,  1819  (American  Medical 
Recorder,  1819).     Died  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  1838. 

Crane,  William  Bowers.  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848; 
Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1856-57.  Of 
Baltimore.     See  list  of  1853. 

Crawford,  Albert  Cornelius.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  10,  1869. 
Studied  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1887-90  and  1891-94; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1893;  As- 
sistant in  Pharmacology,  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School,  1894- 
1901.    239  East  Lafayette  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Crawford,  John.  1801  (?).  Born  in  the  north  of  Ireland  May  3, 
1746.  Educated  at  the  College  of  Dublin;  M.D.,  University  of 
Leyden;  Surgeon,  East  India  Company;  Physician  to  Hospital 
in  Barbados;  Physician  to  Dutch  Colony  in  Demerara;  returned 
to  England,  1794;  emigrated  to  America,  1796;  one  of  the  Founders, 
and  Manager  of  the  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1801 ;  a  Founder 
of  the  Bible  Society  of  Baltimore  and  of  the  Penitentiary ;  Lecturer 
on  Natural  History,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1812;  intro- 
duced vaccination  at  Baltimore,  1800;  Grand  Master  of  Masons 
of  Maryland,  1801-13;  Grand  High  Priest,  G.  R.  A.  Chapter  of 
Maryland  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  1807;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, Baltimore  Hospital,  1812 ;  Orator  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1805.  Dr.  Crawford  was  one  of  the  most  enlightened  phy- 
sicians and  noblest  characters  that  have  ever  adorned  the  profession 
of  this  State.  In  1790,  while  residing  in  Dutch  Guiana,  he  conceived 
the  germ  theory  of  infectious  diseases,  and  in  1807  he  wrote  a  series 
of  striking  articles  in  its  advocacy,  being  probably  the  first  in  English- 
speaking  countries  to  do  so.  He  also  carried  his  theory  into 
practice.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  9,  1813. 

Ceim,  William  Henry.  1899.  Born  near  Lovettsville,  Loudoun 
County,  Va.,  January  8,  1845.  Educated  at  Gettysburg  College, 
Pa.;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870;  Assistant  Surgeon  Fifth 
Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  1872;  Surgeon,  1881.  413  West  Fayette  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Cromwell,  Edward  A.  1833.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Bal- 
timore, 1830.    Of  Frederick  County,  Md.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Cromwell,  Joseph  M.  1830.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1830.  Of  Frederick  City,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853. 

366 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Cromwell,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Fairfield,"  south  side 
of  the  PatapscO'  River  (near  Curtis  Bay),  1764;  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Todd  Cromwell.  Practiced  near  Pikesville ;  later,  near 
Towson,  moving  to  Baltimore,  1807;  assisted  in  exterminating 
smallpox  epidemic  in  Baltimore  in  1810;  Physician  to  City  Hos- 
pital, 1812;  Manager  of  Vaccine  Lottery  for  Vaccine  Institute,  1812. 
Died  of  cholera  at  Baltimore,  September  14,  1832.  "A  man  of  fine 
constitution  and  exemplary  habits"  (Jameson).  His  picture  shows 
him  with  frilled  shirt,  oval  face,  gray  hair,  slight  side  whiskers, 
Grecian  nose,  broad  forehead,  well-arched  eyebrows,  small  mouth, 
well-dressed — a  handsome,  aristocratic  face.  (The  John  Cromwell 
who  was  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1814,  was  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  a  nephew  of  the  above.) 

Cromwell.  Martin  John.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  5,  1871 ; 
son  of  Richard  Cromwell.  M.D.,  University  oi  Maryland,  1894; 
Chief  to  Surgical  Department,  Dispensary  of  University  of  Mary- 
land ;  Assistant  in  Surgical  Department,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 
516  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Cronmiller,  John.  1826.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  24,  1793.  Edu- 
cated at  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  moved  to 
New  York  and  there  was  associated  in  practice  with  Dr.  Brush; 
after  some  years,  his  health  becoming  bad,  he  returned  to  Mary- 
land, settling  at  Elkridge,  Howard  County,  near  Savage,  1843, 
where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  quietly  on  his  farm. 
He  was  an  ardent  student.     Died  October  9,  1875.     See  list  of  1848. 

Ckonmiller,  John.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore  in  1832.  Moved  to 
Elkridge,  Howard  County,  in  childhood;  educated  at  Hallowell's 
School,  Alexandria;  pupil  of  his  father  (Dr.  John  Cronmiller)  ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1856;  located  at  Laurel,  1858; 
Health  Officer,  Laurel,  Md. 

*Cronmiller,  William.  1826.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1802.  Educated 
at  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  practiced  at 
Baltimore.    Died  at  Baltimore,  May  4,  1843.     See  list  of  1848. 

Crothers,  Ransom  R.  1886.  Born  near  Conovvingo,  Cecil  County,  Md., 
about  1841.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873;  has  practiced 
ever  since,  residing  on  his  farm,  one  mile  from  Colora,  Cecil 
County,  Md. 

Crouch,  J.  Frank.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1865.  M.D.  and  Ex- 
amination Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1890;  Post-graduate 

24  367 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

student,  Johns  Hopkins  University  and  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
1890,  1891  and  1892 ;  student  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  1897 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Baltimore  Medical 
College,  1895 — ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1898 — .     412  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Crowe,  Stephen.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  26,  1862 ;  son 
of  Michael  Crowe.  A.B.,  Loyola  College,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1892;  Demonstrator  of  Minor  Surgery  and 
Chief  of  Clinic,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893-94;  Resident 
Physician,  Western  Maryland  Hospital,  Cumberland,  Md.,  1894- 
95.      Ill  North  Front  Street,  Baltimiore. 

*Ceum,  George  Washington.  1837.  Born  March  12,  181 1,  near  Jef- 
ferson, Md. ;  son  of  John  Henry  Crum.  Educated  at  Frederick 
College,  Frederick,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832 ;  prac- 
ticed first  at  Clearspring;  practiced  at  Jefferson,  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  1847-90,  retiring  in  that  year.  Of  Jefferson,  Frederick  County, 
Md.  (Polk's  Directory,  1886-96).  Died  March  15,  1896.  See  Treas- 
urer's book  and  list  of  1848. 

Cuddy,  John  W.  C.  1881.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  April  7,  1840. 
A.B.,  Calvert  College,  New  Windsor,  Md.,  1861;  A.M.,  Calvert 
College,  1864;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1863;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1863-65; 
practiced  four  years  in  Cumberland  County,  Pa.;  then  moved  to 
Baltimore;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Baltimore  University, 
1888-95;  Professor  of  Practice,  Baltimore  University,  1895 — ;  Medi- 
cal Director,  G.  A.  R.  in  Maryland;  he  is  the  author  of  two 
novels,  "Dr.  Milton's  Sweethearts,"  and  "A  Christmas  Flower." 
506  North  CairoUton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

CuLLEN,  Thomas  Stephen.  1896.  Born  at  Bridgewater,  Canada,  No- 
vember 20,  1869.  Educated  at  Collegiate  Institute,  Toronto,  Canada; 
M.B.,  Toronto  University,  1890;  House  Surgeon,  Toronto  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  1890-91 ;  Assistant  Resident  Gynaecologist,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  1892-96;  Resident  Gynaecologist,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1896-97;  Instructor  in  Gynsecology,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1897;  Associate  in  Gynaecology,  1897-1901 ;  Associate 
Professor  of  Gynsecology,  1901 — ;  Gynaecologist  to  the  United 
Charities  Hospital,  Cambridge,  Md.,  1898—;  author  of  "Cancer  of 
Uterus,"  8vo,  1900.     3  West  Preston  Street,  Baltimore. 

*CuLVER,  Henry.  1822.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822.  Of  Prince 
George  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

368 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Gumming,  Robert  H.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831. 
Of  Frederick  County,  Va.     See  Archives  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*CuREEY,  James  Hamilton.  Born  at  Uniontown,  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  1832.  Educated  at  Calvert  College,  New  Windsor,  Md. ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1859;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861-63 ;  Surgeon,  1863-65 ;  one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Baltimore 
Medical  Association,  1866;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1870-71.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  20,  1887. 

< 
CusHiNG,  Harvey  Williams.  1898.  Born  at  Cleveland,  O.,  April 
8,  1869.  A.B.,  Yale,  1891;  A.M.,  Yale;  M.D.,  Harvard,  1895;  As- 
sistant Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1896-97;  Resi- 
dent Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1897-1901 ;  Associate  in. 
Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1900 — .  3  West  Franklin 
Street,  Baltimore. 

Daily,  Edward  D.  1850.  Of  Caroline  County,  Md.  Certificate  of 
Examining  Board,  Eastern  Shore  Archives. 

*Daily,  John.  1822.  M.B.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821.  Of  Balti- 
more, Md.  Marked  dead  in  Fonerden's  corrected  list  of  1837.  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead.     (A  "Dr.  J.  W.  Daly,"  died  1826— Q.) 

♦Dallam,  William  Middlemore.  Between  1801  and  1807.  Lived  at 
"Boothby  Hill,"  near  Ferryman's,  Md. ;  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  Censor,  1826.  Died  at  Bush  River 
Neck,  Harford  County,  Md.,  April,  1859.  See  lists  of  1807  and 
1848. 

Dallwigh,  Ferdinand.     1834.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Dalrymple,  Augustin  J.  1887.  Born  in  1830.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1854;  Professor  of  History  and  Geography,  School  of 
Letters  and  Science,  University  of  Maryland,  1872.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, July  24,   1895. 

*Daniel,  John  Moncure.  1801  (?).  Born  at  "Crow's  Nest,"  Stafford 
County,  Va.,  September  14,  1769.  Studied  medicine  in  Scotland; 
M.D.  (Glasgow?)  ;  married  the  daughter  of  Hon.  Thomas  Stone, 
Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County,  Md.,  1793;  resided  at  Port  To- 
bacco for  some  years ;  appointed  Hospital  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  July 
7,  1809,  and  served  in  the  War  of  1812  in  the  south  and  in  Canada ; 

369 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Senior  Hospital  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  "A  figure  manly,  erect,  graceful, 
with  uncommon  animation  of  countenance  and  that  easy,  engaging 
polish  of  manners  which  travel  and  extensive  intercourse  with  the 
world  generally  bestows."  Died  October  7,  1813,  in  the  room  in 
which  he  was  born.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  also  "Hayden's 
Virginia  Genealogies." 

*Daniel,  John  Moncure.  Born  about  1800;  son  of  J.  M.  Daniel  and 
Margaret  Eleanor  Stone.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822; 
lived  in    Stafford  County,  Va.     Died  about  1845.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Dare,  George.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1818;  Censor  for 
Calvert  County,  1831  (American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences). 
Of  Calvert  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Dare,  George  S.  1898.  Born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  1843.  Edu- 
cated at  Lancaster  High  School ;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1866 ;  located 
at  Rising  Sun,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  and  has  practiced  there  ever 
since;  Surgeon,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore  Railroad. 

*Dare,  John.  1801.  Censor,  1819.  Of  Huntingtown,  Calvert  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Dare,  John.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1846.  Of  Huntingtown, 
Calvert  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Dashiell,  Nicholas  Leeke.  1847.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  July 
I,  1814.  Educated  at  the  Baltimore  College  and  St.  Mary's  College, 
Baltimore;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1837;  Surgeon,  Lafayette  Light  Dragoons,  1852;  and  later, 
'of  Eagle  Artillery;  married  Louisa  Turpin  Wright,  of  Delaware, 
'     185s ;  practiced  at  Baltimore.    Died  at  Baltimore,  February  28,  1895. 

Dashiell,  Nicholas  Leeke,  Jr.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February 
23,  i860.  Pupil  of  Dr.  A.  P.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1882;  Vaccine  Physician,  1883-84.  2340  Madison  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*Dashiell,  Rufus  Watters.  1892.  Born  May  10,  1850;  son  of  Cad- 
mus Dashiell,  of  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.  Educated 
at  Washington  Academy  and  St.  John's  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  N. 
R.  Smith;  M.D.,  Washing-ton  University,  Baltimore,  1872;  began 
practice  in  Wicomico,  removing  subsequently  to  Somerset ;  Pension 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Surgeon  until  1897;  Member  of  the  State  Lunacy  Board,  1893-1900; 
Visiting  Pliysician,  Somerset  County  Almsli'ouse.  Died  at  Prin- 
cess Anne,  Md.,  March  28,  1900. 

*Daugherty,  Thomas.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1830.  A.B.,  Dickin- 
son College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  entered  the  Min- 
istry of  the  M.  E.  Church,  1850;  Principal  of  Morgantown  (W. 
Va.)  Female  College  and  D.D.;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Wash- 
ington University;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Baltimore  Medical 
College.     Died  at  Baltimore,  September  15,  1885. 

Dausch,  Pierre  George.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  30,  1850; 
son  of  Anthony  Dausch.  Educated  at  Loyola  College;  A.B.  and 
A.M.,  Loyola;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1868;  Lecturer  on 
Chemistry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  Editor  The 
Physiciaji  and  Surgeon,  1872-73.  1731  East  Baltimore  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*Davidge,  John  Beale.  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  1768.  A.M.,  (St. 
John's  College  ?),  1789;  pupil  of  Drs.  James  and  William  Murray, 
Annapolis;  then  attended  lectures  at  Philadelphia  and  at  Edin- 
burgh, but  took  M.D.  at  the  University  of  Glasgow,  1793;  practiced 
first  at  Birmingham,  England;  then  returned  to  Maryland  and  set- 
tled at  Baltimore,  1796;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General 
Dispensary,  1801;  began  medical  teaching  in  1802;  Founder  of  the 
College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  (University  of  Maryland),  1807; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  or  Surgery,  College  of  Medicine  of  Mary- 
land, 1807-29;  Dean,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1807-11, 
1813,  1814,  1821;  Orator  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1805; 
he  was  the  author  of  "Nosologia  Methodica"  (in  Latin),  two  edi- 
tions, 1812  and  1813;  "Physical  Sketches,"  two  vols.,  1814  andi8i6; 
"Treatise  on  Yellow  Fever,"  1798;  "Treatise  on  Amputation," 
1818;  edited  "Bancroft  on  Fevers,"  1821,  and  a  quarterly  journal, 
entitled  Baltimore  Philosophical  Journal  and  Revieiu,  1823, 
of  which  only  one  number  appeared.  His  important  operations 
were,  a  total  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland,  1823;  ligation 
of  the  gluteal  artery  for  aneurism;  ligature  of  the  carotid  artery 
for  "fungus  of  the  antrum."  He  invented  the  "American  method 
of  amputation."  His  death  was  due  to  carcinoma  of  the  face. 
"Of  pleasing  address,  very  remarkable  colloquial  powers  and  high 
professional  character."     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  22,   1829. 

Davidson,  Benjamin  Reed.  1899.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  May  26,  1846.  Educated  at  the  Maryland  Agricultural  Col- 
lege and  Dickinson  College;  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Uni- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versities  of  Virginia  and  Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1867;  Physician  to  Anne  Arundel  County  Almshouse  for  seven 
years;   County  Treasurer;  practices  at  Davidsonville,  Md. 

Davidson,  Charles  Fitzsimmons.  1893.  Born  at  Queenstown,  Queen 
Anne  County,  Md.,  September  29,  1865;  son  of  Dr.  James  David- 
son, 2d.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Resident  Physician, 
Lying-in  Hospital,  University  of  Maryland,  1888-89;  studied  in 
Berlin,  1889-90 ;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Gynaecology,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1890 ;  settled  at  Queenstown,  1891 ;  moved  later  to  Easton. 

*Davidson,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1743. 
M.D.,  Royal  College  of  Aberdeen,  1769;  emigrated  to  Queenstown, 
Md.,  1771 ;  Attending  Physician,  Queen  Anne's  County  Almshouse, 
1792-1804.  Died  at  "My  Lord's  Gift,"  Queen  Anne's  County, 
June,  181 1. 

*Davidson,  James.  Born  at  Rockland,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  March  3, 
1805 ;  son  of  last-named.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander,  of  Balti- 
more; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827;  practiced  at  Queens- 
town, Queen  Anne's  County,  Maryland,  1832-78.  Died  at  Queens- 
town, February  24,  1888. 

*Davis,  David.  1810.  Credited  with  M.D.  in  Kent  County  MS. 
Records;  Surgeon's  Mate,  First  Sub-Legion,  June,  1796;  in 
Fourth  Infantry,  November,  1796;  Post  Surgeon  at  Detroit, 
April  I,  1802;  resigned,  January  20,  1808;  settled  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  of  Maryland.  "Buried  January  25,  1844,  in  Cecil  County, 
on  Mrs.  AUithea  Wicke's  Farm"  (MS.  Records  of  Kent  County). 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.     (See  also  Pagett,  David  T.) 

*Davis,  Elijah.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  July  22, 
1760.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1784-85;  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  1776; 
carried  to  England  and  imprisoned  on  Jersey  prison  ship  for  two 
years  until  exchanged;  went  to  Paris  and  studied  medicine  there; 
came  home,  but  went  a  second  time  to  Paris;  is  said  to  have  taken 
M.D.  at  the  University  of  Paris;  came  to  Harford  County  Md., 
June,  1786 ;  practiced  at  Bellevue,  Harford  County ;  Member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates,  1800,  1803,  1807,  1808,  and  of  thie  State  Senate, 
1811 ;  Honorary  Member  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore 
(founded  1812).     Died  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  June  29,  1829. 

*Davis,  John.  Born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.;  eldest  brother  of  Elijah 
Davis.     Attended  lectures  'at  the   College  of  Medicine  of  Phila- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

delphia;  the  Davis  family  say  he  graduated  in  the  same  class  with 
John  Archer  (1768;  a  mistake);  House  Surgeon;  Surgeon,  First 
Rifle  Battalion  of  Pennsylvania,  1776;  practiced  in  Chester  County, 
and   died  there. 

Davis,  John.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  29,  1853 ;  son  of  James 
Conry  Davis.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1887.    2102  Orleans  Street,  Baltimore. 

Davis,  Meredith.  1836.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1835.  See 
list  of  1848. 

Davis,  Pinkney  L.  1892.  Born  at  Mount  Airy,  Carroll  County,  Md., 
April  5,  i860.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Chief  of 
Clinic  of  Nervous  Diseases,  University  of  Maryland;  Coroner  of 
Baltimore,  1892-96;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Police  Surgeons  of 
Baltimore.     913  North  Fulton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Davis,  S.  Griffith,  Jr.  1897.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  May 
2,  1867.  C.  E.,  Virginia  Military  Institute;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1893;  Resident  Physician,  Hospital  of  the  Good  Samari- 
tan, 1893-95 ;  Chief  of  Surgical  Clinic,  Woman's  Medical  Colles:e, 
Baltimore,  1S97;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  and  Osteology,  Wom- 
an's Medical  College,  1895-1902;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Opera- 
tive and  Clinical  Surgery,  1902 — ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fifth  Regi- 
ment, M.  N.  G.,  1898 — ;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Attending  Physician,  Balti- 
more General  Dispensary.     1230  Light  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Davis,  Septimus.  1825.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  October  12, 
1801 ;  son  of  Elijah  Davis,  Founder.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1824.  Died  in  Harford  County,  January  7,  1857.  See  lists 
of  1848  and   1853. 

Davis,  Smith  Seibert.  1897.  Born  at  Wolfsville,  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  February  28,  1854.  Educated  at  Mercersburg  College,  Pa.; 
M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1875;  continued  study  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota ;  practices  at  Boonsboro,  Washington  County, 
Md. 

*Davis,  Thomas  John.  1828.  Born  at  Brookville,  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  July  25,  1805  ;  son  of  Thomas  Davis.  Educated  at  Dickinson 
College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  returned  to  Brook- 
ville, was  taken  ill  two  days  later,  April  11,  and  died  July  11,  1828. 
See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

373 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Davis,  William  H.  1846.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  22,  1810. 
Graduated  from  Dickinson  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1833;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1848-51; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1856-57.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  January  21,  1881. 

*Davison,  Garland  Hamner.  1894.  Born  in  Maryland,  1841.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1864;  for  many  years  he  was  engaged  in 
business  pursuits.    Died  at  Baltimore,  March  16,  1900. 

^Dawson,  Benoni.  1824.  Died  at  Dawsonville,  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  1851.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and  list  of  1848. 

*Dawson,  James.  1830.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  November  8, 
1805;  son  of  Major  John  Dawson.  Educated  at  Fasten  Academy; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  settled  at  St.  Michael's,  where 
he  practiced  successfully  for  more  than  fifty  years.  Died  at  St. 
Michael's  about  1882.     See  Archives  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Dawson,  Robert  Morris.  181  i.  Born  in  Maryland,  1791 ;  brother 
of  Dr.  James  Dawson.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1811  (?)  ;  moved  to  Missouri,  1812;  Delegate  to  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, 1815 ;  Delegate  tO'  the  State  Convention,  1820;  Member  of  the 
State  Senate,  1822-36.     Died  in  Missouri,  1843.     See  list  of  1848. 

Dawson,  Robert  Morris  1872  (?).  Born  at  Royal  Oak,  Talbot 
County,  Md.,  March  12,  1839;  son  of  Major  John  Dawson.  Edu- 
cated at  Maryland  Military  Academy  and  Fort  Edward  Institute, 
New  York ;  served  in  the  Second  Maryland  Infantry,  C.  S.  A. ; 
pupil  of  Dr.  W.  G.  G.  Willson,  of  Fasten;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1869 ;  practiced  at  Royal  Oak  for  eight  years ;  then 
removing  to  Bay  Hundred,  where  he  has  continued  to  practice  in 
connection  with  farming.     P.  O.,  Wittman,  Talbot  County,  Md. 

Day,  Benjamin.  1823.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  Censor 
of  Prince  George  County,  1840.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Deaver,  John  T.     1808.     Of  Zanesville,  O.     See  list  of  1848. 

*De  Butts,  Elisha.  Born  near  Dublin,  Ireland,  1773.  Emigrated  to 
Maryland  in  his  youth;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1805; 
practiced  first  at  Alexandria;  then  moved  tO'  Baltimore;  Professor 
of  Chemistry,   College  of   Medicine   and   the  University   of   Mary- 

374 


JAMES    SMITH 

1771-1841. 


MEDICAL,  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land,  1809-31;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland,  1816  and  1822-24; 
Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1818 ;  Lectured  before  the 
Royal  Institute,  London,  1830;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  St.  Mary's 
College,  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  3,  1831. 

Dedias,  Eurebe  Pereira  de  Camasa.  1847.  M.D.  Of  Lisbon,  Portu- 
gal.    See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

Deets,  James  Edward.  1892.  Born  at  Jarrettsville,  Harford  County, 
Md.,  December  13,  1856.  Educated  at  Western  Maryland  College, 
Westminster,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1882;  Member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates,  1899;  has  practiced  since  1882  at  Clarks- 
burg, Montgomery  County,  Md. 

*DelaneYj  John.  1841.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1823;  about  1824  went  with  his  brother  Dennis  from 
Baltimore  to  St.  Mary's  County,  settling  at  Great  Mills,  the  latter 
leaving  in  a  few  years  and  going  to  St.  Louis.  "Regarded  gener- 
ally as  the  ablest  and  most  advanced  doctor  in  Southern  Maryland, 
and  was  a  great  student,  taking  several  English  and  Scotch  medi- 
cal reviews.  I  heard  him  say  in  his  latter  years  that  his  experience 
led  him  to  believe  that,  as  a  rule,  doctors  killed  as  many  patients 
as  they  cured  from  acting  on  the  belief  that  drugs  were  omnipo- 
tent, when  they  should  have  made  a  rule  of  watching  the  progress 
of  disease  and  aiding  nature.  He  gave  many  strong  points  in 
support  of  this  theory"  (E.  J.  C).  He  married  Miss  Eliza  Coad 
in  1843,  but  left  no  issue.     See  list  of  1848. 

*DeLoughery,  Edward.  1837.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1806.  Educated 
at  St.  Mary's  and  Georgetown  Colleges ;  A.B.,  Georgetown  Col- 
lege, 1826 ;  pupil  of  Dr.  A.  Alexander ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1829;  began  practice  at  Cincinnati,  but  soon  returned  to 
Baltimore;  Member  of  the  City  Council,  1841.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
November    18,    1885. 

*Denny,  Theodore.  1811.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810; 
Delegate  to  American  Medical  Association  from  Baltimore  City, 
1847.  Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853- 

*Denny,  William.  1817.  A.B.,  St.  John's  College,  between  1811  and 
1822;  M.D. ;  Censor,  1819.  Lived  at  Ellicott  City,  Md.  Died  about 
1853.     See  list  of  1848. 

Dent,  Walter  B.  i8g6.  Born  at  Oakley,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md., 
February  26,  1859.     Educated  at  St.  John's  Academy,  Alexandria; 

375 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor  of  Mathematics,  Latin,  and  Military  Tactics,  St.  John's 
Academy,  1878-80;  Principal  of  St.  Mary's  High  School,  1880-87; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  i88g;  Supervisor  of  Elections;  prac- 
tices  at  Oakley. 

*Dent,  William  Hatch.  1809.  Of  Charles  County,  Md.  See  Medi- 
cal and  Physical  Recorder  and  list  of   1848. 

Dere,  Hamilton  K.  1893.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  November  i, 
1852;  son  of  John  C.  Derr.  Educated  at  Lewistown  Academy; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  practiced  seven  years  at 
Woodsboro,  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  Physician  to  Cheyenne  and 
Arapahoe  Indians,  Fort  Reno,  Indian  Territory,  1887-88;  located 
at  Hagerstown,  1889;  a  Founder  of  Washington  County  Medical 
Society,  and  President,  1901-02;  Vaccine  Physician  to  Washington 
County ;  Assistant  Surgeon  to  Western  Maryland  Railroad ;  resides 
at  Hagerstov/n,  Md. 

Deweese,  Cornelius  Smith.  1898.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1895 ;  Assistant 
Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (Spring  Grove), 
Catonsville;  Assistant  Physician,  Government  Hospital  for  Insane, 
Washington,  D.  C,  1901 — . 

DeWolf,  James  Henry.  1887.  Born  at  Philadelphia.  Educated  at 
Racine  College,  Wis.;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1878;  took  special  course 
at  Vienna  in  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Diseases,  1879-80;  Eclectic 
Practitioner  (Polk).     1600  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Dickinson,  Granville  E.  1890.  Born  at  Mardella  Springs,  Wicomico 
County,  Md.,  January  21,  1852.  Educated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1874;  practices 
at  Upper  Fairmount,  Md. 

*Dickinson,  James  Philip.  Born  at  Trappe,  about  1801 ;  son  of  John 
Dickinson,  a  farmer.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1825 ; 
located  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  practiced  there,  and  later 
applied  himself  exclusively  to  farming,  until  his  deaths  1841,  of 
malarial  fever.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

♦Dickinson,  Samuel  Philemon.  1826.  Born  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County, 
Md.,  1804;  son  of  Gen.  Samuel  Dickinson.  Was  a  cadet  at  West 
Point,  but  having  ample  means  left  the  Army  and  studied  medicine ; 
pupil  oif  Dr.  S.  T.  Kemp;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  prac- 
ticed at  Trappe  until  his  death,  April,  1862 ;  Member  of  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1851.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

376 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*DicKiNSON,  Samuel  S.  Born  near  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1771 
(Q.).  M.D.  Lived  on  his  splendid  plantation,  "Crosiadore,"  near 
Trappe;  never  practiced.  Died  1841  (Q.)-  In  list  of  1848  marked 
dead. 

*DicKS0N,  Benjamin.  1821.  Born  in  Maryland.  Pupil  of  Jameson; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  Censor  for  Baltimore,  1822; 
moved  to  Steubenville,  Jefferson  County,  O.     See  list  of  1848. 

*DicKS0N,  Isaac  N.  1870.  Born  at  Reisterstown,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  1817;  son  of  Major  Isaac  N.  Dickson.  Educated  at  Franklin 
Academy,  Reisterstown;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1838;  prac- 
ticed with  Dr.  Absalom  Thompson  at  Bay  Hundred,  Talbot  County, 
succeeding  Dr.  Thompson  in  1840;  removed  to  Reisterstovirn  in 
1853,  continuing  his  brother's  practice  until  1894,  when  he  retired. 
Died  at  Reisterstown,   1896. 

Dickson,  John.  1853.  Born  in  England.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1852;  Physician  to  Marine  Hospital,  1853-58;  Vaccine  Physi- 
cian, 1863-67;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1875-76; 
Physician  to  Union  Protestant  Infirmary,  1882;  resides  abroad. 
Address,  London,  England. 

*DiCKS0N,  Louis  L.  1829.  Born  at  Reisterstown,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  1807;  son  of  Major  Isaac  N.  Dickson.  Educated  at  Franklin 
Academy,  Reisterstown;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824. 
Died  at  Reisterstown,  1853.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*DiFFENDERFFER,  Henry.  1828.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  1804.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1827.  Died  at  Baltimore,  March  22,  1832.  See 
list  of  1848. 

*DiFFENDERFFER^  Michael.  1817.  Born  in  Maryland  (?),i789.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1814;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1814;  Sur- 
geon's Mate,  First  Regiment  of  Artillery  of  Maryland  Militia, 
1814;  Surgeon,  Artillery  Company,  Baltimore,  1816;  Consulting 
Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  1838;  Vice-President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1855-56.  Died  at  Baltimore,  September  17,  1870. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Diffenderffer,  William  H.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1822.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1843;  Vaccine  Physician,  1851-52  and 
1855-59.    Died  at  Baltimore,  July  7,  1897. 

377 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

DiLLER,  Charles  Henry.  1879.  Born  near  Johnsville,  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  October  23,  1851.  Educated  at  Carroll  Collegiate 
Institute,  Westminster,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872; 
United  States  Examining  Surgeon  for  Carroll  County,  Md.  P.  O., 
Double  Pipe  Creek. 

DjKiCKSON,  Edwin  James.  1899.  Born  at  Berlin,  Worcester  County, 
Md.,  November  26,  1852.  Educated  at  Berlin  High  School ;  M.D., 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1874;  began  practice  at  Berlin;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Marine  Hospital  Service,  1887 — ;  Physical 
Inspector,  Fifth  District,  U.  S.  Life  Saving  Service,  1887 — ;  Health 
Officer,  Ocean  City,  Md. ;  Member  of  Legislature ;  resides  at  Berlin, 
Md. 

Dixon,  Charles  Henry,  Jr.  1896.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1894.     222  East  Twenty-third   Street,   Baltimore. 

*Dixon,  p.  Censor,  1819  (American  Medical  Recorder,  1819).  Of 
Dorchester  County,  Md. 

*DixsoN,  Harrison.     1812.     Of  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

Dobbin,  George  W.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  17,  1870.  A.B., 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1891 ;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist, 
University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Resident  Obstetrician,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  1896-99;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  1899 — .    923  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

DoBYNS,  Frederick.  1898.  Born  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  January  28, 
1865 ;  son  of  Thomas  A.  Dobyns.  Educated  at  Aberdeen  Academy, 
King  and  Queen  County,  Va. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1897 ; 
Clinical  Assistant  in  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary, 
and  Post-graduate  Course  at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  28  I2ast 
Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

*DoDD,  Robert.  1809.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809.  Of 
Sulphur  Springs,  Frederick  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848  marked 
dead. 

*DoDGE,  Augustus  W.  Born  at  New  York,  1837.  M.D.,  University  of 
Michigan,  i860,  and  University  of  Maryland,  1864;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1865;  President, 
Board  of  Pension  Examiners,  1866-84;  Medical  Director,  G.  A.  R. 
of  Maryland;  President,  Union  Veteran  Association  of  Maryland. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  March  3,  1887. 

378 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

DcERNER,  John  Anderson.  1895.  Born  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  Septem- 
ber 24,  1856.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877;  Medical  Exam- 
iner,  Baltimore  and  Ohio   Railroad,  Cumberland,   Md. 

^Donaldson,  Francis.  1846.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  23,  1823. 
Educated  at  Prentiss'  School ;  pupil  of  Drs.  Chew  and  T.  H. 
Buckler;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1846;  studied  in  Hos- 
pitals of  Paris,  1846-48;  began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1848;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Marine  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1847-50;  Secretary, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1851-55;  Attending  Physician, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1846-48;  Attending  Physician,  Bal- 
timore Almshouse,  1852-55 ;  connected  with  Maryland  Medical 
Institute,  1852;  Attending  Physician,  Church  Home  and  Infirmary, 
1860-73;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Maryland  College  of  Phar- 
macy, 1863-66;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Hygiene  and  General  Path- 
ology, University  of  Maryland,  1866-80;  Clinical  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Throat  and  Chest,  University  of  Maryland,  1866-88; 
in  1880  resigned  the  didactic  chair  and,  in  1888,  the  clinical  chair ; 
Emeritus  Clinical  Professor,  1888-91 ;  President,  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical Faculty,  1881-82;  President,  American  Climatological  Asso- 
ciation; President,  Alumni  Association  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1889-90 ;  Consulting  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ; 
Examining  Physician,  New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company ; 
one  of  the  authors  of  "Pepper's  System  of  Medicine;"  he  paid 
great  attention  to  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Chest,  and  was  an 
expert  in  Physical  Diagnosis.     Died  December  9,  1891. 

Donaldson,  Frank,  Jr.  1884.  Born  at  Baltimore.  A.B.,  Harvard, 
1879;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883;  Chief  of  Throat  and 
Chest  Clinic,  University  of  Maryland;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
First  U.  S.  Volunteer  Cavalry  (Rough  Riders),  Spanish-American 
War,  1898;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Forty-fifth  U.  S.  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, 1899;  translator  of  "Schaefer's  Atlas  of  Gynaecology,'' 
1896;  author  of  "A  Narragansett  Idyll,"  1891;  "Two  Comedies," 
1896;  "A  Cuban  Idyll,"  1898;  "Guilty,"  a  play  from  the  German 
of  Richard  Voss  (Trans.),   1896. 

*Donaldson,  Miles  Littlejohn.  1840.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1817;  son 
of  Dr.  William  Donaldson.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1840. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  May  13,  1845.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

♦Donaldson,  William.  1804.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1778. 
A.B.,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1798;  pupil  of  Dr.  Miles  Little- 
john; attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 

379 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1802-03;  Founder  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1807, 
and  Charter  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine;  resigned  on 
account  of  health,  1808;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1818;  associated  in  practice  with  Dr.  Miles  Littlejohn,  and 
later  (1830)  with  Dr.  R.  S.  Stuart;  President,  Medical  Society  of 
Baltimore,  1822-23.     Died  January  14,   1835. 

DoEAN,  Peter  Joseph.  1894.  Born  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  1844;  son  of 
John  Doran.  A.B.,  Dublin  College;  M.D,.  Baltimore  University, 
1891 ;  Teacher.     14  North  Gay  Street,  Baltimore. 

*DoRSEY,  Archibald.  1801  (?).  Of  Bel  Air,  Harford  County,  Md. 
Married  three  or  four  times,  but  all  his  children  are  now  dead. 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter.  (An  Archi- 
bald DoTsey  made  his  will  September  10,  1843,  stating  that  he 
contemplated  a  trip  to  Kentucky.  The  will  was  probated  June 
29,  1847.) 

DoRSEY,  Edwin.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of  Balti- 
more ;  later,  moved  elsewhere.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*DoRSEY,  Frederick.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
1774.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Rush;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1824;  attended  11,000  obstetrical  cases;  Vice-President,  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1857-58;  practiced  nearly  seventy 
years;  at  his  death  associated  in  practice  with  his  son  and  grand- 
son ;  tied  the  middle  meningeal  artery.  Died  in  Washington  County, 
Md.,  October  26,  1858  (Trans.,  American  Medical  Association,  i860). 

DoRSEY,  John  W.  1808.  Born  in  1750  (Q.).  Assistant  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  N.,  July  16,  1803 ;  resigned,  July  9,  1807.  Of  Liberty,  Frederick 
County,  Md.  Died  in  1823  (Q.).  See  Medical  and  Physical 
Recorder  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*DoRSEY,  Lloyd.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821.  Of  Fred- 
erick County,  Md.  Died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  1857.  See  Trans., 
1857,  p.   17,  and  lists  of  1848  and   1853. 

DoRSEY,  Reuben  M.  1892.  Born  in  Howard  County,  Md.,  February 
22,  1869.  Educated  at  Maupin's  School,  Ellicott  City;  pupil  of 
Dr.  William  E.  Hodges;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891; 
Resident,  "Matley  Hill  Sanitarium;"  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad,  for  two  years;  Medical  Examiner,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad.     711   Third  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

380 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*DoRSEY,  Richard.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  Censor, 
1840.     Of  Frederick  City,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*DoRSEY,  Robert  Edward.  Born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  1796.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1819;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital, 
Baltimore,  1819-20 ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  University 
of  Maryland  (Trustees'  School),  1837-39;  President  of  the  Alumni 
Association,  University  of  Maryland  (School  of  Medicine),  1875; 
resided  in  Anne  Arundel  County.  He  was  "too  frail  for  general 
practice."     Died  in  1876. 

*DoRSEY,  Septimus.  1847.  Born  at  "Happy  Retreat,"  Howard  County, 
Md.,  January  7,  1819;  son  of  Col.  Richard  Dorsey.  Educated  at 
Brookville  Academy,  Montgomery  County,  Md.;  M.D.,  Wash- 
ington Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1839;  moved  from  Howard 
County  to  Mount  Vernon,  near  Baltimore,  1842  or  1843;  from 
there  removed  to  Washingtonville  (now  Mount  Washington), 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Died  at  "Mount  Rad- 
nor," of  apoplexy,  March  6,  1850.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Dorsey,  William  H.  1810.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1810  (?).  Of  Montgomery  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853 
and  1873. 

*Dougherty,  Bernard  A.  Born  at  York,  Pa.,  September,  1825.  Edu- 
cated at  the  Athenaeum,  Cincinnati,  and  St.  John's  College,  Louis- 
ville; pupil  of  Dr.  D.  A.  O'Donnell  and  Dr.  McGuire;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1847;  began  practice  at  Cumberland,  Md. 
Died  at  New  York  City,  April  i,  1875. 

Douglass,  Eugene.  1896.  Born  at  Preston,  Md.,  i860.  Educated  at 
Preston  Academy;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1888; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889;  practiced  at  Oxford,  Md.,  but 
now  resides  at  Baltimore.    830  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*DovE,  George  McCauley.  1841.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  Octo- 
ber 5,  1817.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Kearney,  U.  S.  N. ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1839;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Battalion  in  the  Mexi- 
can War,  1846;  settled  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1848-49;  Physician 
to  Washington  Almshouse;  Attending  Physician,  Providence  Hos- 
pital ;  President  and  Secretary,  Board  of  Health  of  the  District  of 
Columbia ;  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  National  Medical 
College.     Died  at  Washington,  January  30,  1874. 

381 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Downs,  Dionysius.  1853.  M.D. ;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1851- 
54.  Annual  Member.  See  list  of  1853.  Full  Member.  Trans., 
1858. 

*DowNS,  p.  C.  Of  Church  Hill,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853.   Dr.  Cooper  Downs  was  licensed  1807  (Quinan). 

DowNES,  Clarence  E.  1892.  Born  at  Bridgetown,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  April  18,  1866.  Ph.G.,  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar- 
macy, 1886 ;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1888.  735  West  North 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*DowNES,    Jesse.    Founder.     1799.     Of    Caroline    County,    Md. 

*DowNES,  William  H.,  Jr.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  August 
29,  1841.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1864 ;  practiced  at  Denton,  Md. ;  Attending  Physician, 
Caroline  County  Almshouse.  Died  at  Denton,  Md.,  January  i, 
1891. 

Downey,  Jesse  Wright.  1883.  Born  near  Newmarket,  Frederick 
County,  Md.  Educated  at  Rock  Hill  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1869;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirugical 
Faculty  of  Maryland,  1892-93 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  First  Regiment, 
M.  N.  G.,  1893-98;  practices  at  Newmarket. 

*DoYLE,  H.  G.  1829.  M.D.,  Transylvania  University,  Ky.,  1822.  Of 
Hagerstown,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Draper,  a.  C.  1826.  Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  later  of 
Philadelphia.     See   list  of    1848. 

*Dkought,  Albert  M.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  17,  1866.  Ph.G., 
Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1885;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1888.    Died  at  Baltimore,  by  drowning,  July  17,  1890. 

*DuBarry,  Edmund  Lewis.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1822; 
Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  January  30,  1823;  Surgeon,  May  24, 
1826;  he  was  the  author  of  "The  United  States:  Its  Power  and 
Progress,"  translated  from  the  French  of  Guillaume  Tell  Poassin, 
Bvo,  Philadelphia.     Died,  July  12,  1853.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Ducachet,  Henry  William.  Born  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  1796.  M.D., 
(New  York),  1817;  settled  at  Baltimore;  Censor,  1818-26;  moved 

382 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

to  New  York,  entering  the  ministry  of  the  P.  E.  Church;  he  was 
the  author  of  "Prognostics  and  Crises  of  Hippocrates,"  translated 
with  notes,  i6mo,  New  York,"T8i9.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  Decem- 
ber 13,  1865. 

*DucATEL,  Jules  Timoleon.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  6,  1796;  son  of 
Edme  Ducatel,  a  pharmaceutist.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College, 
Baltimore,  and  (1818-22)  at  Paris;  Professor  of  Natural  Philoso- 
phy, Mechanics'  Institute,  Baltimore,  1824;  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Geology,  Faculty  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  University  of  Maryland ; 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  School  of  Medicine,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1831-37 ;  State  Geologist,  1833-41 ;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Min- 
eralogy and  Geology,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis;  on  expedition 
of  exploration  to  the  Upper  Mississippi  and  Lake  Superior,  1843-46 ; 
Founder  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature; 
President,  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature,  1821-37; 
author  of  "A  Manual  of  Practical  Toxicology,"  i2mo,  Baltimore, 
1832  (burned);  second  edition,  1833;  Editor  of  Baltimore  Times, 
1830-31.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  23,  1849. 

*DucKETT,  Richard  I.  Founder.  1799.  Died  at  Queen  Anne,  Prince 
George   County,  Md.,    November,   1801. 

*DucKETT,  Thomas  Buchanan.  1824.  Born  1800.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1824.  Died  in  Washington  County,  Md.,  December  27, 
1875,  aged  75.     See  list  of  1848  and  Scharf's  "Western  Maryland." 

1 

Dudley,  Samuel  C.  1899.  Born  near  Sudlersville,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  June  17,  1843.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867; 
Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  Queen  Anne's  County,  1881-87;  resides 
at  Church  Hill,  Md.     Name  not  in  Polk. 

DuER,  Robert.  1814.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1814.  Of 
Maryland.     See  list  of  1848. 

*DuHamel,  William  James  Chamberlin.  About  1872.  Born  in 
Maryland,  January  18,  1827.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Balti- 
more; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1849;  practiced  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  1849-69;  then  removed  to  Baltimore  but  returned  to 
Washington  later;  Physician  to  Washington  jail;  Acting  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.     Died  at  Washington,  August  15,  1883. 

*DuKE,  James.  1821.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820.  Of  Cal- 
vert County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

25  383 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*DuLiN,  Alexander  Franklin.  1831.  Born  in  Fairfax  County,  Va., 
May  7,  1806.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1830;  Resident 
Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse,  1830-35;  then  began  practice  in 
the  city;  after  several  years  spent  in  Europe,  he  died  at  Baltimore, 
November  25,  1874.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*DuLiN,  Alexander  Franklin.  1879.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October 
S,  1856.  Educated  in  Europe  and  at  the  University  of  Virginia; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1878;  studied  in  Europe;  Vaccine 
Physician.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  19,  1891. 

*Dunan,  Adolphus.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827;  Cen- 
sor, 1831.     Of  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Dunan,  a.  J.  1801  (?).  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*DunbaRj  John  Richard  Woodcock.  1836.  Born  Cvt  Winchester,  Va., 
1805.  A.M.,  Dickinson  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Bell,  of  Phila- 
delphia; M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1828;  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Pennsylvania  Hospital ;  practiced  at  Winchester  several  years ; 
removed  to  Baltimore,  1830;  Founder  of  Baltimore  Medical  Insti- 
tute; Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  1837-42; 
Senior  Grand  Warden,  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons,  1845 ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859-70;  President,  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1870;  he  was  the  author  of  "Essay  on 
the  Nervous  System,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1828;  Co-Editor,  Maryland 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1839-43.  Died  at  Baltimore,  July  3, 
1871. 

*Dunbar,  Robert  Mackey.  1831.  Born  at  Winchester,  Va.,  September 
25,  1808;  a  brother  of  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1830;  connected  with  an  Infirmary  at  Baltimore. 
Died  at  Winchester  (of  consumption),  November  27,  1831.  See 
list  of  1848. 

DuncaNj  a.  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1823  (?).  Of  Baltimore. 
See   Trans.,    1831    {American   Journal   of   the   Medical  Sciences). 

*DuNGLisoN,  RoBLEY.  1833.  Bom  at  Keswick,  Cumberland  County, 
England,  January  4,  1798.  Studied  medicine  at  the  Universities 
of  Edinburgh  and  Paris;  Licentiate  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  and 
Society  of  Apothecaries,  London,  1819;  commenced  practice  at 
London,    1819;    M.D.,  University    of    Erlangen,    1824;     Physician- 

384 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Accoucher,  Eastern  Dispensary,  London,  1824;  Founder  of  the 
School  of  Medicine,  University  of  Virginia,  1824;  M.D.  (Honor- 
ary), Yale,  1825;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Materia 
Medica,  Pharmacy  and  Histology,  School  of  Medicine,  University 
of  Virginia,  1824-33;  Chairman  of  the  Faculty,  University  of  Vir- 
ginia ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Hygiene  and  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, University  of  Maryland,  1833-36 ;  Dean,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1834-35 ;  Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine,  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia,  1836-68;  Emeritus  Professor,  1868-69;  Dean, 
Jefferson  Medical  College;  LL.D.,  Jefferson  College,  Canonsburg, 
Pa.,  1852;  Vice-President,  American  Philosophical  Society,  1853-56 
and  1858-59;  author  of  a  "Medical  Dictionary,"  first  edition,  2  vols., 
Boston,  1833  (21st  edition  by  his  son)  ;  "An  Ancient  Geography," 
1825 ;  "Medical  Formulas,"  1839  (seventh  edition,  8vo,  1856)  ;  "Med- 
ical Student,"  1837  (second  edition,  1844)  ;  "Practice,"  2  vols.,  8vo, 
1842  (third  edition,  1848)  ;  "Dictionary  for  the  Blind,"  3  vols.,  fol. ; 
"Roget's  Physiology;"  "Hooper's  Surgical  Vade  Mecum;"  "Forbes' 
Cyclopaedia  of  Practical  Medicine,"  4  vols.,  8vOi,  Philadelphia,  1848; 
"General  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,"  2  vols.,  Philadelphia, 
1836  (six  editions) ;  "Elements  of  Hygiene,"  8vo,  Philadelphia, 
1835;  "Human  Physiology,"  2  vols.,  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1832 
(eighth  edition,  1856);  "Commentaries  on  Diseases  of  the 
Stomach  and  Bowels  in  Children;"  "Larrey's  Memoir  on  the 
Moxa;"  "Magendie's  Formulary  of  New  Remedies"  (seven 
editions);  "Thraill's  Medical  Jurisprudence;"  "Introduction  to  the 
study  of  Greek  and  Roman  Geography,"  with  Professor  Long; 
"The  Insane  Poor,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1839;  Editor  of  American 
Medical  Library  and  Intelligencer  (monthly),  1837-42;  Virginia 
Literary  Museum  and  Journal  of  Belles-Lettres,  etc.  "A  beacon 
light  to  the  world  of  medical  literature,  and  one  of  the  foremost 
writers  and  teachers  of  his  day"  (Gross).  Died  at  Philadelphia, 
October   i,   1869. 

*DuNKEL,  George  Augustus.  1801  (?).  Son  of  John  Ludwig  Dunkel, 
of  Long  Island,  a  native  of  Westphalia,  Germany.  Came  to  Mary- 
land before  1785;  practiced  in  Baltimore  City  and  County;  a  part- 
ner of  Dr.  Cradock.     Died  at  his  country  seat,  June  4,  1838. 

*DuNNiNGT0N,  WiLLiAM  WiNTER.  1808.  Born  1775.  Died  at  Nan- 
jemoy,  Charles  County,  Md.,  1829.  See  Medical  and  Physical  Re- 
corder and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

DuNOTT,  Daniel  Zacharias.  1896.  Born  at  Frederick  City,  Md., 
February    11,    1870;    son  of   T.   J.    Dunott.     Educated   at    Seller's 

385 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Academy,  Harrisburg,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1891 ;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Harrisburg,  1892-93 ;  on 
the  Stafif  of  Harrisburg  Hospital  Eye  and  Ear  Department  of  Dis- 
pensary, 1891-93;  Demonstrator  of  Minor  Surgery  and  Bandaging, 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1894-95 ;  Demonstrator  of  Osteology, 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895-96;  Resident  Physician,  Union 
Protestant  Infirmary,  1895-98.  1802  North  Charles  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*DuN0TT,  Thomas  Justus.  1875.  Honorary.  1878.  Born  at  Phila- 
delphia, May  29,  183 1 ;  son  of  Dr.  Justus  Dtmott.  Educated  at 
Philadelphia  High  School;  pupil  of  his  father;  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1852;  Attending  Physician,  Philadelphia  Dispensary,  1852-53;  prac- 
ticed at  Elkton,  Md.,  1853-58;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861 ;  Surgeon,  First  Maryland  Cavalry,  1862 ;  discharged  for  dis- 
ability, 1863 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  1864-65 ;  practiced  at 
Frederick  City,  Md.,  1865-73;  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  1873-93;  Chief 
Medical  Officer,  City  Hospital,  1873-93;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  1892;  President,  Dauphin  County  Medical  Society.  Died 
at    Philadelphia,    May  20,   1893. 

DuNTON,  William  Rush,  Jr.  1897.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  July  24, 
1868.  B.S.  and  M.A.,  Haverford;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; Assistant  Physician,  Sheppard  and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital, 
Towson,  Md. 

*DuRKEE,  Robert  Aloysius.  1831.  Born  about  1800.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1822;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Washington  Uni- 
versity, Baltimore,  1840;  Consulting  Physician,  Board  of  Health 
of  Baltimore,  1841-43;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1834-48.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1848. 

Duval,  A.  P.  See  Trans.,  1870,  Baltimore  Medical  Journal  and  Bulle- 
tin. (Is  this  "Duvall,  Alexander,  M.D.,  1826,"  Catalogue  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  or  is   it  "Duval,   E.    P."?) 

*Duval,  Edmund  P.  1853.  Born  at  "Fairview,"  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  June  28,  1826.  Educated  at  Rockville  Academy;  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1847;  practiced  with  his  father  in  Montgomery 
County;  later,  at  Baltimore;  Physician  to  Baltimore  Almshouse 
and  Jail ;  later,  at  Cumberland ;  farmed  in  Montgomery  County, 
1877-80;  State  Librarian,  1880-92;  Clerk  in  the  Adjutant  General's 
Office,  1892-96.     Died  at  Annapolis,  September  5,  1901.     (There  are 

386 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

five  generations  of  doctors  in  this  family ;  viz :  Mareen ;  his  son  Ben- 
jamin, who  began  practicing  in  1788;  his  son  Washington;  his  son 
E.  P.;  his  son  Douglas  R,  U.  S.  A.) 

DuvALj  Charles.  Censor  of  Prince  George  County,  1831,  American 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences.  Of  Vansville,  Prince  George  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*DuvAL,  Grafton.  1802  (Federal  Gazette,  June  25).  Born  in  Mary- 
land, 1780.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1802;  Member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Mary- 
land. Died  at  Maryland  Tract,  Frederick  County,  Md.,  August  22, 
1841. 

Duval,  Thomas  W.  1834.  M.D.  (?).  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873.  (Is  this  "Duval,  William  W., 
University  of  Maryland,  1843?") 

*DuvAL,  Washington.  1828.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  June 
23,  1776.  Educated  at  Rockville  Academy;  pupil  of  Professors 
Gibson  and  De  Butts;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  prac- 
ticed in  Montgomery  County  for  over  fifty  years;  Van  Buren 
Elector,  1836;  frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  and  of  the 
House  of  Delegates;  one  of  the  "glorious  nineteen"  of  1836;  mem- 
ber of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Maryland,  1867;  a  fine  Sur- 
geon.    Died  in  Montgomery  County,  February  26,  1874. 

DuvALL,  Wirt  Adams.  1895.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Octo- 
ber 21,  1863.  A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1895;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Vaccine  Physician,  1890-92;  Assist- 
ant Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1889-90; 
Demonstrator  of  Osteology  and  Prosector,  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1893-95 ;  Demonstrator  of  Osteology,  University  of  Maryland, 
1897 ;  inventor  of  a  protective  shield  in  infectious  diseases.  1609 
Edmondson  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*DwiNELLE,  James  Elliott.  1874.  Born  at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.,  January 
30,  1830.  Educated  at  Oneida  Conference  Seminary;  M.D.,  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  1854;  Interne,  Blockley  Hospital,  1854-55; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1855.    Died  at  Baltimore,  July  18,  1902. 

Dyer,  William  T.     1824.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and  list  of  1848. 

*Dyson,  Bennett.  1814.  Of  Nanjemoy,  Charles  County,  Md.  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

2>^7 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*EaleRj  Peter  G.  Born  in  Pennsylvania,  1770.  Arrived  in  Baltimore 
about  1800;  settled  at  Fells  Point;  "the  only  apothecary  who  re- 
mained within  the  limits  of  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in  1819;" 
he  rendered  service  as  a  physician  then.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1832. 

Eareckson,  Edith.  1895.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College,  Baltimore,  1893 ;  Lecturer  on  Hygiene,  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College,  1895-98;  Associate  Professor  of  Hygiene,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1898- 1900.     932  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Eareckson,  Roderick  Winchester.  1875.  Born  at  Kent  Island, 
Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  February  12,  1825.  Pupil  of  Profes- 
sor S.  Chew;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  removed  to 
Baltimore,  1873,  and  to  Elkridge,  1875.  Died  at  Elkridge,  March  13, 
1891. 

EarecksoNj  William  Rose.  1890.  Born  at  Kent  Island,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  August  6,  1867.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890; 
resides  at  Elk  Ridge,  Md. 

Earle,  Edward.     Of  Wye  Mills,  Talbot  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Earle,  John  Charles.  1853  (?).  Born  at  "Medford,"  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  1824.  Educated  at  Centerville  Academy  and  Newark 
(Del.)  College;  graduated  from  Newark  College,  1839;  pupil 
of  Dr.  James  Bordley;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  University'  Hospital ;  began  practice  at  Centerville, 
in  partnership  with  Dr.  Bordley;  after  many  years  removed  to 
Talbot  County;  retired  from  practice  and  devoted  himself  to  agri- 
culture.    Died  at  Easton,  Md.,  May  17,  1902. 

Earle^  Samuel  T.,  Jr.  1885.  Born  near  Centerville,  Md.,  December 
2,  1849.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870;  President  of  the 
Board  of  Medical  Examiners,  1892 ;  Professor  of  Physiology  and 
Diseases  of  the  Rectum,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1900-01  and  1902-03.  1431  Linden 
Avenue. 

*Eastman,  Lewis  M.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  17,  1836;  son  of  Jona- 
than Eastman.  A.M.,  Newton  University,  Baltimore,  1856;  taught 
at  Knapp's  School;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1859;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65,  with  Eighteenth  Dragoons ;  a 
Founder  of  the  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1866;  President, 
Microscopical   Society  of  Baltimore,   1881-82;  a  Founder  of  Balti- 

388 


OMEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

more  University,   and   Professor  of  Microscopy  there   for  several 
years.     Died  at  Baltimore,  June  27,  1901. 

Edelin,  Horatio.  1825.  Of  Piscataway,  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Edelin_,  James.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
Said  to  have  graduated  at  Medical  School  of  Philadelphia.  Died 
in  Prince  George  County,  aged  fifty  (Q.).  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter.  (There  was  also  a  Jacobus 
Edelin  in  the  same  county,  doubtless  a  brother  of  the  above.) 

*Edelin,  Richard  J.  1827.  Born  in  Maryland,  1764.  Of  Prince 
George  County,  Md.  Died  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  1835  (Q.). 
See  Treasurer's  MS.  book,  and  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Edelin,  William  J.  1825.  Born  near  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  early  in  1800 ;  son  of  Dr.  Richard  Edelin.  Pupil  of 
his  uncle  (Dr.  N.  Potter);  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825; 
practiced  at  Leonardtown;  Censor,  St.  Mary's  County,  1831 
(American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences)  ;  Censor  of  the  same 
County,  1840  (Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal)  ;  "stood 
high  in  his  profession  if  low  in  his  boots;  but  while  short  he  was 
very  broad-shouldered;  a  great  wrestler  in  his  youth  and  noted 
for  his  personal  bravery"  (E.  J.  C).  Died  about  1874,  of  con- 
gestive chill.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Edrington,  Edmund  G.  1825.  Came  from  Virginia ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1825;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  later,  at  Pittsburg, 
Pa.;  was  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  1837  (Fonerden's  corrected  list); 
Treasurer,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1834-36;  was  living 
in  1853  (see  Trans.).     See  list  of  1848. 

*Edwards,  Charles.  1812.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  181 1. 
Of  Queen  Anne,  Prince  George  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1853 
and  1873. 

*Edwards,  Thomas  Owings.  1832.  Born  at  Williamsport,  Washing- 
ton County,  Md.,  March  29,  1810.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland 
("Virginia"),  1831;  removed  to  Ohio,  1831;  Member  of  Congress, 
1849-51;  Inspector  of  Marine  Hospitals,  1851-52;  Professor  of  Ma- 
teria Medica  and  Dean,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1852-55;  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  1861-62;  went  to  Wheeling,  1875.  Died  at  Wheel- 
ing. February  5,  1876.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

389 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

EiCHELBERGER,  James  W.  1829.  Born  at  Abbottstown,  Pa.,  June  17, 
1804;  son  of  Jos.  Eichelberger.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1827;  practiced  all  his  life  and  died  at  Emmitsburg,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

EiLAU,  Emanuel  W.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1854.  Educated  at 
Baltimore  City  College;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy, 
1874;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1879;  Professor  of  Physi- 
ology, Baltimore  University,  1890-95;  Professor  of  Therapeutics, 
Baltimore  University,  1895-96;  Dean,  Baltimore  University,  1891- 
96.     1908  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Elbert,  Andrew  W.  H.  1849.  M.D.  Of  Royal  Oak,  Talbot  County, 
Md.     See  Archives  and  lists  of  1853  and  1873. 

Eldred,  Frank  Carol.  1898.  Born  at  Watkins,  N.  Y.,  March  13,  1868. 
Graduate  of  Spencer  Academy,  New  York,  1886 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1891.     Of  Sparrows  Point,  Md. 

Elfinch,  .     1816.     See  list  of  1848. 

ElgiNj  William  Franklin  1892.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
September  16,  1861.  Educated  at  Western  Maryland  College, 
Westminster;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887;  Clinical  As- 
sistant in  Surgery,  Emergency  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C, 
1891-92;  in  charge  of  the  National  Vaccine  Establishment,  1893- 
98;  Assistant  in  Bacteriology,  Marine  Hospital  Laboratory,  Wash- 
ington, 1895-98;  Director,  Mulford  Company's  Vaccine  Farm, 
Glenolden,  Pa.,  1898 — . 

*Ellicott,  Lindley.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  26,  1836.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1870;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum; 
Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, August  30,  1876. 

Elliott,  John  B.  1833.  M.D. ;  U.  S.  N.,  1834-37 ;  Passed  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.  Died  June  4,  1869.  See  list  of  1848,  and  Trans. 
American  Medical  Association,  1870.  (There  is  a  "John  Elliott, 
1827,  Md.,"  among  the  alumni  of  the  University  of  Maryland.) 

Ellis,  Charles  Manly.  1875.  Born  at  Elkton,  Md.,  December  13, 
1838.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861;  settled  in  practice 
at  Elkton;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  1861- 
63;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1897-98;  practices 
at  Elkton. 

390 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Ellis  Edward  Dorsey.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  22,  1868; 
son  of  Dr.  R.  H.  P.  Ellis.  Educated  at  Friends'  School  and  Johns 
Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1890;  lec- 
tured at  Baltimore  Medical  College  on  Materia  Medica  four  years ; 
Visiting  Physician  to  Maryland  General  Hospital  for  three  years. 
y23  West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

Ellis,  Robert  H.  P.  1881.  Born  near  Snow  Flill,  Worcester  County, 
Md.,  1854.  Educated  at  Worcester  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1877 ;  began  practice  at  Baltimore ;  Professor  of  Materia 
Medioa  and  Therapeutics,  Baltim'ore  Medical  College,  1883; 
Emeritus  Professor,  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1897—.     1704  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Elzey,  Arnold.  Founder.  i799-  Born  in  Maryland,  1758.  Resided  in 
Montgomery  County,  Md.;  moved  thence  to  Washington,  D.  C; 
Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  A.,  Fifth  District,  April  15,  1814; 
Post  Surgeon,  Washington,  D.  C,  April  10,  1816,  holding  this 
office  until  death;  Vice-President,  Medical  Society  of  the  District 
of  Columbia.     Died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  6,  1818. 

*Emory,  John  D.  Born  in  Maryland,  I779-  Physician  to  Queen  Anne's 
County  Almshouse,  1792;  Surgeon,  Fifty-eighth  Maryland  Regiment, 
1807  (Q.).    Died  at  Centerville,  Md.,  1834. 

Emory,  John  K.  B.  1822.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822.  Of 
Elkton,  Cecil  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Emory,  Richard.  1879.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  March  9,  1839; 
son  of  Richard  Emory.  Educated  at  Rev.  F.  Gibson's  School; 
pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861; 
practiced  at  "Manor  Glen,"  Baltimore  County,  1861-62;  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  after  the  war  resumed  practice  in  Baltimore 
County.     Died  near  Phoenix,  Baltimore  County,  June  11,  1895. 

*Emory,  Thomas.  1801  (?).  Of  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Emory,  Thomas  Hall.  1827.  Educated  at  Virginia  Military  Insti- 
tute; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.     See  list  of  1848. 

Emory,  Thomas  Hall.  1897.  Born  at  Taylor,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  July,  1874.  Educated  at  Virginia  Military  Institute  and  St. 
James  College,  Hagerstown,  Md.;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1896;  resides  at  Hess,  Harford  County,  Md. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Erich,  Augustus  Frederick.  Born  at  Eisleben,  Prussia,  May  4,  1837, 
Came  to  Maryland,  1856;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861; 
Gynaecologist,  Baltimore  Special  Dispensary,  1868;  a  Founder,  1871, 
and  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Baltimore, 
1885 ;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1873-74;  Editor,  Baltimore  Physician  and  Surgeon, 
1873-76;  Professor  of  Gynoscology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, 1874-86;  Founder  of  the  Maryland  Woman's  Hospital,  1877; 
Surgeon  in  Charge  of  the  Maryland  Woman's  Hospital,  1877-86; 
inventor  of  a  self-retaining  vaginal  speculum.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
December  7,  1886. 

Erich^  Louise.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  12,  1863 ;  daughter 
of  Dr.  A.  F.  Erich.  M.D.,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1895;  Assistant  in  Pathology  and  Histology  and  Chief  of  Eye 
Clinic,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1895-97 ;  Professor 
of  Orthopaedics,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1901 — ;  Physician  to 
"Evening  Dispensary  for  Working  Women;"  Physical  Examiner, 
Gymnasium  Y.  W.  C.  A.     613  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Etchison,  Elisha  C.  1892.  Born  near  Damascus,  Montgomery 
County,  Md.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1874;  Mayor  of 
Gaithersburg  (four  terms)  ;  Member  of  House  of  Delegates,  1893- 
95;  resides  at  Gaithersburg,  Md. 

*EvANS,  Amos  Alexander.  1807.  Born  near  Elkton,  Cecil  County, 
Md.,  November  26,  1785.  Educated  at  Newark  (Del.)  Aca- 
demy; pupil  of  Dr.  George  E.  Mitchell,  of  Elkton,  1804-06;  attend- 
ed lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1806-07;  Surgeon's 
Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  1808-10;  Surgeon,  1810;  on  Frigate  "Constitution," 
1812-13;  M.D.,  Harvard,  1814;  settled  to  practice  at  Elkton,  1817; 
resigned  from  Navy,  1824;  Censor  for  Cecil  County,  1831  and  1840. 
Died  at  Elkton,  Md.,  January  15,  1848. 

Evans,  Britton  Duroc.  1892.  Born  in  Caroline  County,  Md.,  Octo- 
ber I,  1858.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1885;  practiced  at  Millington,  Kent  County,  Md.,  1885-87;  on 
medical  staff,  Pennsylvania  Railroad ;  Assistant  Medical  Superin- 
tendent, Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  1887-92;  Medical 
Superintendent,  Maryland  Institution  for  the  Feeble-minded ; 
Medical  Director,  New  Jersey  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Morris  Plains,  N.  J.,  1892 — ;  President,  Morris  County  Medical 
Society. 

392      ^ 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*EvANS,  John.  1848.  Born  near  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  April  25,  1810 
twin  son  of  Robert  Evans.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832 
settled  at  Port  Deposit;  removed  to  Havre-de-Grace,  Md.,  1838 
returned  to  Port  Deposit,  1870;  Member  of  the  State  Convention, 
1867.  Died  near  Port  Deposit,  June  13,  1878.  See  lists  of  1848 
and  1853. 

Evans,  Sheldon  Guthrie.  1894.  Born  at  Camp  Date  Creek,  Ariz., 
August  27,  1869;  son  of  George  Washington  Evans.  Educated  at 
Maupin's  School  and  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1890;  Clinical  Assistant,  City 
Hospital,  and  Resident  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  1890; 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  November  18,  1890;  Passed 
Assistant  Surgeon  (with  rank  of  Lieutenant),  November,  1893; 
Naval  Hospital,  Portsmouth. 

*EvANS,  Thomas  Benjamin.  1855.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  5, 
1832.  Educated  at  Baltimore  Academy,  where  he  graduated,  1849; 
pupil  of  Prof.  J.  C.  S.  Monkur;  M.D.,  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1853;  Vaccine  Physician,  1855-60  and  1866-67;  Surgeon, 
Baltimore  City  Guards  during  the  Civil  War;  President,  Balti- 
more Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  1873-74  and  1880-81;  Presi- 
dent, Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1887-88;  Vice-President, 
American  Medical  Association,  1889;  Vice-President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1888-89;  Professor  of  Ophthalmology,  later 
of  Pathology,  and  Dean,  Baltimore  University.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, October  30,  1891. 

*EvERSFiELD,  Edward.  1813.  Of  Nottingham,  Prince  George  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

t=EwiNG,  Henry  Moore.  1881.  Born  at  Little  Britain,  Lancaster 
County,  Pa.,  October  5,  1832.  Educated  at  Strasburgh  Academy 
and  Franklin  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Sides;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1857;  settled  at  Mount  Washington,  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  1857;  Physician  to  Baltimore  County  Alms- 
house, 1872-78.     Died  at  Mount  Washington,  September  28,  1890. 

*Eyeman,  John.     1801    (?).     M.D.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Eyster,  George  Hupp.  1878.  Born  in  Shenandoah  County,  Va., 
March  4,  1845;  son  of  Dr.  Wm.  D.  Eyster.  Educated  at  Shenan- 
doah   Academy,    University    of    Virginia    and    Virginia    Military 

393 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Institute;  in  C.  S.  A.;  Lieutenant-Colonel  (brevet),  regular  ser- 
vice, C.  S.  A.,  i86s;  attended  medical  lectures  at  University  of 
Virginia  and  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New  York;  M.D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1868;  practiced  at  Staunton,  Va.,  1868-73;  since  that  at  Bal- 
timore. 

Fahrney,  Henry  Peter.  1899.  Born  at  Keedysville,  Washington 
County,  Md.,  April  14,  1870.  B.E.,  Juniata,  Huntingdon,  Pa., 
1888;  Pharmacist,  1888-92;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
1895 ;  Physician  in  Charge  of  Montevue  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Frederick  City,  1898 — ;  Associate  Editor,  The  Medicus;  resides  at 
Frederick  City,  Md. 

*Fallgerolls,  J.  P.  1801  (?).  M.D.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

Farnandis,  George  G.  Born  at  Baltimore.  Educated  at  Mount  St 
Mary's  College,  Emmitsburg;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1852;  Physician  to  Baltimore  Almshouse,  1856-59  and  1870-75; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  i860;  Sur- 
geon, C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  on  Gen.  Kirby  Smith's  staff;  later,  on 
Army  Medical  Examining  Board,  Trans-Mississippi  Department; 
Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1871-73; 
retired  from  practice  and  resides  on  his  farm  in  Harford  County, 
Md. 

*Fassitt,  Thomas  S.  Founder.  1799.  Bom  in  Worcester  County,  Md., 
1765;  son  of  William  and  Sarah  Fassitt.  Married  Sallie  Rat- 
liff  Fassitt,  a  widow;  Surgeon,  Ninth  Regiment  of  Maryland 
Militia,  1894.     Died  in  Worcester  County,  Md.,  1845. 

*Fauntleroy,  Archibald  Magill.  Honorary.  1882.  Born  at  War- 
renton  Va.,  July  8,  1836;  son  of  Gen.  T.  T.  Fauntleroy.  Gradu- 
ated at  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  1857;  attended  medical 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, i860;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  i860;  Surgeon,  C.  S. 
A.,  1861;  Chief  of  the  Surgical  Staff  of  Gen.  Joseph  E.  Johnston; 
Medical  Director  and  Surgeon  in  Charge  of  the  General  Hospital 
at  Danville ;  later,  at  Staunton ;  after  the  War,  settled  at  Staunton, 
Va. ;  President,  Medical  Society  of  Virginia;  Medical  Director, 
Staunton  Life  Association;  Superintendent,  Western  Lunatic 
Asylum,  Staunton,  which  position  he  held,  with  two  years  inter- 
mission, until  his  death;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1882.     Died  at  Staunton,  Va.,  June  19,  1886. 

394 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Fawcett,  Robert.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1867;  son  of  Dr.  Chris- 
topher Fawcett.  Educated  at  Maryland  State  Normal  School; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892;  Chief  of  Chest  Clinic,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1892-94;  in  Fifth  Maryland  Volunteers,  Spanish 
War,  1898;  Medical  Examiner,  Prudential  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany.    550  Mosher  Street,   Baltimore. 

Feddeman,  William  H.  1898.  Bom  in  Accomack  County,  Va., 
November  6,  1865.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Ex- 
aminer for  John  Hancock  Life  Insurance  Company.  800  First 
Avenue,  North,  Baltimore. 

Fenhagen,  Frank  Cecil.  1876.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  26,  1855; 
son  of  James  C.  Fenhagen.  Educated  at  St.  Timothy's  Hall, 
Catonsville;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1875 ;  Treasurer,  Tunis  Lumber  Company  for  fifteen  years ;  Presi- 
dent, Canton  Lumber  Company,  Baltimore,  1902 — . 

*Fenv^ick,  Martin.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1813  ("La.")  ; 
Surgeon,  First  Regiment  of  Artillery  of  Maryland  Militia,  1814; 
Censor,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  1819  (American  Medical 
Recorder). 

Ferguson,  John  R.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831;  Cen- 
sor, Charles  County,  Md.,  1840.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Ferguson,  Robert.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829.  Of 
Charles   County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

Field,  Philip  S.  1879.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  May  10,  1833.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1852;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore 
Almshouse,  1852-54;  A.  A.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  805  North  Fulton 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Fincke,  Frederick  H.  1892.  Born  in  Germany,  1869.  Graduated 
from  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist, 
University  of  Maryland,  1891;  Assistant  Physician,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Dispensary;  went  to  Germany  to  pursue  advanced  study, 
1894;  returned  and  entered  Harvard  University,  1898,  as  student 
of  Dentistry;  expert  in  Medicine,  Surgery,  Dentistry  and  Chem- 
istry, Paris  Exposition.  Died  at  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Chicago, 
August  13,  1899. 

*FiNLEY,  Michael  A.  Born  in  1786.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1808;   Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of 

395 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Maryland  (Trustees'  School),  1837-39.     Died  at  Williamsport,  Md. 
March  25,   1848. 

Finney,  John  M.  T.  1891.  Born  at  Natchez,  Miss.,  June  30,  1863. 
A.B.,  Princeton,  1884;  M.D.,  Harvard  University,  1889;  Asso- 
ciate in  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-97;  Associate 
Professor,  1897 — ;  Brigade  Surgeon,  M.  N.  G.  1300  Eutaw  Place. 
Baltimore. 

*FiSHER,  Jesse.     1809. 

*FiSHER,  Jacob.  1821.  Born  in  Sussex  County,  Del.,  December  2, 
1796;  son  of  a  Baptist  minister.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1821 ;  settled  at  Rock  Hall,  Kent  County,  Md. ;  Registrar  of  Wills  of 
Kent  County.  "Tall  and  portly,  with  suave  manners  and  fine  con- 
versational powers"  (Trans.,  American  Medical  Association,  i860). 
Died  of  paralysis,  February  18,  1859. 

Fisher,  James.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823.  Of  Tiffin, 
O.     See  list  of  1848. 

*FiSHER,  John.  1828.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  July,  1803. 
Educated  at  Asbury  College;  pupil  of  Drs.  George  Brown  and 
Colin  Mackenzie;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  practiced 
in  Cecil  County,  Md. ;  Censor,  Cecil  County,  1840;  returned  to 
Baltimore  County  in  1853  and  located  near  Pikesville,  where  he 
died,  December  22,  1877. 

Fisher,  Samuel  Groome.  1899.  Bom  at  Rock  Hall,  Kent  County,  Md., 
July  II,  1865;  son  of  Dr.  S.  G.  Fisher,  of  Chestertown,  and  grandson 
of  Dr.  Jacob  Fisher.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890 ;  settled  at 
Port  Deposit,  Md.,  and  has  been  in  active  practice  there  ever  since. 

*Fisher,  William.  1817.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  1794.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1816;  Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1819-21  and  1826-28;  Resident  Physician, 
Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  practiced  for  many  years  in 
Baltimore,  moving  to  Pikesville  about  1859;  never  married;  left  a 
large  fortune,  much  of  it  to  charity.  Died  at  Pikesville,  Baltimore 
County,  Md.,  August  7,  1879.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Fisher,  William  R.  1828.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  1808.  M.D. ; 
came  to  Baltimore,  1827,  and  established  a  pharmacy  about  1834; 
Professor  of  Botany,  University  of  Maryland  (School  of  Letters)  ; 

396 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Maryland  (Trustees' 
School),  1837-39;  returned  to  Philadelphia,  1839;  later,  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  College  of  Pharmacy  of  Philadelphia.  Died  near 
Philadelphia,  October  25,  1842. 

FiSKEj  John  Dwinelle.  1878.  Born  at  Cazenovia,  Madison  County, 
N.  Y.,  September  4,  1853.  Educated  in  France  and  Germany; 
pupil  of  Dr.  J.  E.  Dwinelle;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1875; 
Librarian,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  11  South  Gay  Street, 
Baltimore. 

FiTZ,  Reginald  Heber.  Honorary.  1893.  Born  at  Chelsea,  Mass., 
May  5,  1843.  A.B.,  Harvard,  1864;  A.M.,  Harvard,  1867;  M.D., 
Harvard,  1868;  settled  at  Boston;  President,  Boylston  Medical 
Society;  Professor  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  Harvard  University; 
Microscopist  and  Curator  of  Pathological  Cabinet,  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital;  Physician  to  Boston  Dispensary;  Hersey  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic,  Harvard  University; 
Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1893;  joint  author, 
"Practice  of  Medicine"  (Wood  and  Fitz),  1897;  Editor  of  Shat- 
tuck  and  Sabine's  translation  of  Orth's  "Compend  of  Diagnosis  in 
Pathological  Anatomy,"  1878;  has  done  special  work  in  affections 
of  vermiform  appendix  and  pancreas. 

*FiTZGERALD,  WiLLiAM  A.  1816.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1810.     Of  Bladensburg,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*FiTZHUGH,  John,  Jr.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  December  28,  1818.  Died  July  6, 
1826.    In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*FiTZPATRiCK,  James.  1830.  Settled  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  M.D.,  University  of  New  York, 
1830.     See  list  of  1848. 

Fleming,  George  A.  1885.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  4,  1862;  son  of 
Dr.  J.  P.  Fleming.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  Demon- 
strator of  Opthalmology,  University  of  Maryland,  1901 — ;  Surgeon, 
Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Baltimore.  1018  Madi- 
ison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

♦Fleming,  John  Perkins.  1853.  Born  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  Jan- 
uary 31,  1829;  son  of  George  Fleming.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1851;  settled  at  Baltimore,  succeeding  his  uncle.  Dr.  Joseph 

397 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Fleming    Perkins,    in    practice.     Died    at    Baltimore,    August    13, 
1868.     See  list  of  1853. 

^Fleming,  Thomas  A.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1831. 
Of  Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Flexner,  Simon.  1892.  Born  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  about  1865 ;  son  of 
Morris  Flexner.  M.D.,  University  of  Louisville,  1889;  graduate 
student,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1890-91;  Fellow  in  Pathology, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1891-92;  Associate  in  Pathology,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1892-95;  Associate  Professor  of  Pathology, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1895-99;  studied  in  Germany;  Profes- 
sor of  Pathological  Anatomy,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1899-1900; 
Professor  of  Pathology,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1900 — ;  has 
done  important  work  in  experimental  pathology. 

*FoNERDEN,  John.  1826.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  22,  1804.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1823;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore 
General  Dispensary,  1826-28;  President,  Medico-Chirurgical  Society, 
1831 ;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1833 ;  Secretary, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1828-34;  City  Physician,  1832; 
Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children, 
Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1845-46;  Medical  Superin- 
tendent, Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  1846-69;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1853-54;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1854-55;  Visiting  Physician  to  Bayview 
Asylum.  An  eminent  alienist  and  philanthropist  (Trans.  American 
Medical  Association,  1870).     Died  at  Boston,  May  6,  1869. 

FooKS,  Frederick  E.  1891.  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1873.     1517  East  Baltimore   Street,   Baltimore. 

*Forbes,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Allegany  County,  Md.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

*FoRD,  Joseph.  1832.  M.D. ;  Censor  of  St.  Mary's  County,  1840;  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Jenkins,  of  Baltimore.  "A  fast  liver,  died  early" 
(E.  J.  C).  Of  Charles  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and 
1873. 

*FoRE,  James  H.  1892.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1886;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum  (Polk, 
1893).     Died  at  Baltimore,  1894  or  1895. 

398 


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MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*FoREMAN,  Edward.  Born  alt  Baltimore,  1808.  M.D.,  Washington 
College,  Baltimore,  1830;  Lecturer  on  Physiology,  Washington 
College,  1835-36;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Washington  College, 
1836-49;  Professor  in  Georgetown  College;  Chemist,  Smithsonian 
Institute.  "At  Washington,  D.  C,  died  April  14,  1885,  Pro- 
fessor Edward  Foreman,  Scientist,  aged  T]"  (Sun). 

Forney,  Daniel  S.  1828.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1828  ("Md.")  ;  moved  to  Burlington,  la.  Of  Pennsylvania. 
Name  is  in  Polk's  Directory,  1886-96.     See  list  of  1848. 

FoRRY,  Samuel.  1836.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1832; 
appointed  from  Pennsylvania,  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  Au- 
gust 30,  1836;  resigned,  October  31,  1840.     See  list  of  1848. 

FoRSYTHE,  Hugh.  1892.  Born  near  Belfast,  Ireland,  January  12, 
1866.  Educated  in  the  Public  Schools  at  Steubenville,  O. ;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889;  Clinical  Assistant  in  Surgery, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore.  231 1  Barclay  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

Fort,  Alfred  J.  1836.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Of  Ran- 
dallstO'wn,  Baltimore  County,  Md.  See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

Fort,  Samuel  Jayne.  1884.  Born  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  April  18, 
1859.  Graduated  from  Pennington  Seminary,  1876;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1882;  taught  in  the  public  schools  in 
Adams  County,  Pa.,  1876-77;  Instructor  in  the  Pennsylvania  In- 
stitute for  the  Feeble-minded,  1879;  Resident  Physician,  House  of 
Correction,  Holmesburg,  Pa.,  1882-83;  practiced  at  Baltimore, 
1883-86;  Superintendent  of  a  private  school  for  the  feeble-minded, 
"Font  Hill  Asylum,"  Ellicott  City  (the  first  effort  in  Maryland 
to  teach  this  class) ;  a  Founder  of  Baltimore  Neurological  Society, 
1893;  Demonstrator  of  Materia  Medica  and  Lecturer  on  Pharma- 
cology, College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1894,  ^"d 
now  Associate  Professor  of  the  same  branches ;  President,  Howard 
County  Medical  Association  (first  ever  established  in  that  county), 
1899 ;  author  of  "Syllabus  of  Materia  Medica,"  1898.  P.  O.,  Ellicott 
City,  Md. 

♦FoRWOOD,    William    Stump.     1881.     Born    in   Harford   County,    Md., 
January  27,  1830.     Educated  at  Darlington  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr. 
Robert    H.    Archer;    M.D.,    University    of    Pennsylvania,    1854; 
26  399 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

practiced  at  Darlington,  1854-69;  at  Philadelphia,  1869-71;  in 
Clarke  County,  Ala.,  1871-73;  then  returned  to  Darlington;  a 
Founder  of  Harford  County  Medical  Society,  1866;  a  Founder  of 
Clarke  County  (Ala.)  Medical  Society,  and  its  President,  1872-73; 
President,  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  Union  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1882-83;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1883-84;  a  Founder  of  Harford  County  Historical  Society,  1885, 
and  its  President,  1885-92;  author  of  "Mammoth  Cave,  Ky.,"  1870 
(four  editions).     Died  at  Darlington,   Md.,  January  2,   1892. 

FouTZ,  Charles  R.  1899.  Born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  January  20, 
1873.  A.B.,  New  Windsor  College,  Md.,  1894;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1897;  continued  study  at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital; 
special  attention  to  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat;  Secretary,  Carroll 
County  Board  of  Health;  practices  at  Westminster,  Md. 

Frames^  William  Wayland.  1892.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
August  28,  1867.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1889; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1892;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Maryland  Lying-in  Hospital,  1892-93;  Demon- 
strator of  Chemistry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1893- 
97;  Professor  of  Otology  and  Hygiene,  Maryland  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1898;  now  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat; 
Specialist  in  Nose  and  Throat  Diseases.     "The  Severn,"  Baltimore, 

Frank,  Samuel  L.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1841.  Educated  at  the 
University  of  Maryland  (School  of  Letters  and  Science)  ;  pupil  of 
Prof.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1862;  contin- 
ued studies  at  Wiirzburg  and  Vienna,  1862-64;  Visiting  Physician, 
Hebrew  Hospital,  1864-72;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Sum- 
mer Course,  University  of  Maryland,  and  Attending  Physician  in 
Ear  Diseases,  Special  Dispensary,  1867-72;  in  Vienna,  Utrecht 
and  London,  1872-75;  Assistant  to  Prof.  J.  Soelberg  Wells,  Royal 
London  Ophthalmological  Hospital,  1874-75  '>  Consulting  Physician, 
Hebrew  Hospital,  1875-80;  Oculist  and  Aurist,  Baltimore  Gen- 
eral Dispensary,  1875-82;  Attending  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear, 
and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1882-84;  Oculist  and  Aurist, 
Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital  and  House  of  Refuge;  retired, 
1884;  President,  South  Baltimore  Llarbor  and  Improvement  Com- 
pany, and  Brooklyn  and  Curtis  Bay  Light  and  Water  Company.  8 
East  Lexington  Street,  Baltimore. 

Franklin,  Charles  M.  1897.  Born  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  October  24, 
1855.     A.B.,    Franklin-Marshall    College,    1877;    A.M.,    Eranklin- 

400 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Marshall  College,  1880;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1881; 
Interne,  Episcopal  Hospital,  Philadelphia;  Assistant  Physician, 
Brigham  Hall,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. ;  Friends'  Asylum,  Frankford, 
Philadelphia;  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  West  Philadelphia;  and  now 
(1902)  of  Sheppard  and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital;  President,  Lan- 
caster County  and  City  Medical  Society,  1896.     P.  O.,  Towson,  Md. 

*Franklin,  Samuel.  1801.  Censor,  1819.  Of  Upper  Marlboro,  Prince 
George  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

Fraser,  Alexander.  1817.  Of  Cecil  County,  Md.  ("Frazer,  Alex- 
ander, S.  C,  1808,"  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.) 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Frederick,  Gustavus.  1820.  M.D.  See  Treasurer's  book  and  MS. 
Ardhives. 

Free,  Spencer  Michael.  1886.  Born  at  New  Freedom,  York  County, 
Pa.,  September  19,  1856.  B.A.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  1877; 
M.A.,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  1880;  M.D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1880;  Surgeon,  P.  R.  R.,  B.  R.  & 
P.  R'y,  A.  V.  R'y,  R.  &  F.  C.  R.  R.,  and  Jefferson  and  Clearfield 
Coal  and  Iron  Company.     P.  O.,  DuBois,  Clearfield  County,  Pa. 

*Freeland,  Edward  H.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  March  11,  1829.  Of  Maryland.  Died 
June  3,  1834.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Freeland,  Frisby.  1801  (?).  Of  Calvert  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

*Freeland,  Frisby  Peregrine.  1809.  Of  Pluntingtown,  Calvert  County, 
Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Frey,  Lewis  Frederick.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  25,  1866 ; 
son  of  Lewis  Frey.  Educated  at  Lebanon  Valley  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania; M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888;  Sanitary  Inspector, 
1892-96.     2466  Druid  Hill  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Frick,  Charles.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1823.  Assistant  Civil 
Engineer,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1840;  student  of  Dr.  T.  H. 
Buckler;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845;  Resident  at  Alms- 
house,  1844-45 ;  Vaccine  Physician,   1846 ;  a  Founder  of  Maryland 

401 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  Institute,  1847,  and  Lecturer  there ;  Physician  to  Maryland 
Penitentiary,  1849,  and  to  the  Union  Protestant  Infirmary,  1855  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1856-58; 
visited  Europe,  1857;  Founder  oi  Baltimore  Pathological  So- 
ciety, 1853 ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  University  of  Maryland, 
1858-60;  author  of  "Renal  Affections:  their  Diagnosis  and  Pathol- 
ogy," i2mO',  Philadelphia,  1850.  Professor  Prick's  work  was  of  the 
highest  order,  especially  his  analyses  of  blood  and  urine.  He  threw 
much  light  on  fevers.     Died  March  25,  i860. 

*Frick,  George.  1816.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1793.  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1815  ;  after  studying  abroad  several  years,  began 
practice  at  Baltimore  as  Ophthalmologist;  a  Founder  of  Mary- 
land Academy  of  Sciences,  1819;  Vaccine  Physician,  1821-23;  Lec- 
turer on  Clinical  Medicine,  Maryland  Hospital,  1822;  Secretary, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1821-26;  Ophthalmic  Surgeon, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1823 ;  Professor  of  Natural  History, 
University  of  Maryland,  1830;  about  1840  retired  from  practice 
and  sipent  the  rest  of  his  life  mostly  in  Europe;  author  of  "A 
Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1823.  (An  Eng- 
lish edition,  8vo,  edited  by  Richard  Welbank,  London,  1826,  was  also 
published.)  This  was  the  first  separate  treatise  on  the  eye  by  an 
American.     Died  at  Dresden,  March  26,  1870;  unmarried. 

*Friedenwald,  Aaron.  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  20,  1836; 
son  of  Jonas  Friedenwald.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  i860; 
studied  in  Europe,  1860-62 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and 
Ear,  Baltimore  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1873-1902; 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1889-90;  Consulting 
Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital ;  Specialist  in  Ophthalmology  and 
Otology.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  26,  1902. 

Friedenwald,  Harry.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1864.  A.B.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1884;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1886;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1886- 
87;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons;  Associate  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
'  and  Ear,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Professor  of  same, 
1902 ;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital ; 
President,  Alumni  Association,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1897-98;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1901-02. 
1029  Madison  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

Friedenwald,  Julius.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  20,  1866. 
A.B.,  Johns   Hopkins  University,   1887;   M.D.,   College   of  Physi- 

402 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1890;  Resident  Physician,  City 
Hospital,  1890-92;  A.M.  (Honorary),  Loyola  College,  Baltimore, 
1898;  Associate  Professor  of  Pathology  and  Clinical  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  the  Stomach,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons; 
Director  of  the  Clinical  Laboratory,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons ;  Assistant  Director,  Laboratory  Pasteur  Department,  Bal- 
timore City  Hospital.    7  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Fulton,  John  Samuel.  1890.  Born  at  Fremont,  O.,  January  5, 
1859.  B.A.,  St.  John's,  1876 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ; 
practiced  some  years  at  Salisbury,  Wicomico  County,  Md. ;  then 
removed  to  Baltimore;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1893-94;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1895- 
97;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of  Maryland;  Clinical 
Professor  of  Medicine,  University  of  Maryland;  Secretary,  State 
Board  of  Health  of  Maryland.    1809  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

*FuLTON,  Robert.  1829.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  April,  1803. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  John  Baltzell;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827; 
always  resided  and  practiced  at  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore,  May 
30,  1880. 

FuNCK,  J.  William.  1890.  Born  at  Cumberland,  Md.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1888;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  Maryland,  1888-90;  Chief  of  Eye  and  Ear  Clinic, 
University  of  Maryland,  1889-94;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian 
Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1889-93 ;  Assistant  in  Histology, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1895-96;  Visiting  Physician, 
Aged  Men's  and  Women's  Homes ;  President,  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Society,  1895 ;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 
Baltimore  University,  1895-96;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear,  Baltimore  University,  1896-98;  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Eye,  and  Dean  of  Faculty  of  Maryland  Medical  College,  1898 — . 
10:  North  Fulton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Fussel,  Bartholomew.  1825.  Born  January  9,  1794;  son  of  Barthol- 
omew Fussel.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  one  of  the 
Founders  of  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia.  Of 
Cecil  County,  Md. ;  later,  of  Kennett  Square,  Chester  County,  Pa. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Futcher,  Thomas  Barnes.  1899.  Born  at  St.  Thomas,  Ontario, 
Canada,  January  i,  1871.  Educated  at  the  High  School  of  St. 
Thomas;   M.B.,  University  of  Toronto,  1893;   Resident  Physician, 

403 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Toronto  General  Hospital,  1893-94;  Assistant  Resident  Physician, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1894-98;  Instructor  in  Medicine,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1895-97;  Associate  in  Medicine,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1897-1901 ;  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital, 1898- 1901 ;  Associate  Professor  Oif  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins 
Medical  School,  1901 — .     3  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Gabriel^  Calvin  N.  1899.  Born  in  Washington  County,  Md.,  April 
23,  1866.  A.B.,  Franklin-Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  1891 ; 
M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1897;  Assistant  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Maryland  General  Hospital,  1897-98.  222  East  Twenty- 
third  Street,  Baltimore. 

Gage,  A.  B.  1892.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  (There  is  a  "Gage,  Amos  L. ; 
M.D.,  College  Oif  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1885,  of  803 
North  Broadway,  Baltimore,"  in  Polk's  Directory  of  1896.) 

Gaines^  John  Mutius.  1898.  Born  at  Locust  Hill,  Culpepper  County, 
Va.,  September  i,  1837.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia; 
graduated  in  the  School  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Virginia, 
1858;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1859;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College,  i860;  Surgeon,  Pickett's  Division,  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  1861-65 ;  practiced  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  Boonsbor- 
ough,  Md.,  removing  to  his  present  residence,  Hagerstown,  1893; 
retired  (Polk). 

Gaither,  Abram  Bradley.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1863.  A.B., 
Princeton,  1885;  A.M.,  Princeton,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1887;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1887;  Assistant 
in  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1890-97 ;  Specialist  in  Genito-urinary  Surgery ;  Surgeon,  Veteran 
Corps,  Fifth  Regiment,  1899 — .  527  North  Charles  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

Gamble,  Cary  Breckenridge.  1881.  Born  in  Virginia,  September  25, 
1827.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Lexington,  Va. ;  studied 
Medicine  at  University  of  Virginia  and  at  the  University  of 
Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1846;  Surgeon-General 
of  Florida,  1860-61 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  began  practice 
at  Baltimore,   1866.     21  West  Chase  Street,  Baltimore. 

Gamble,  Cary  Breckenridge,  Jr.  1895.  Born  in  Florida,  October  3, 
1862.     A.M.,  Princeton  College,   1885;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 

404 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land,    1887;   Associate   Professor  of   Clinical   Medicine,   College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.    26  West  Biddle  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Gambrill,  Stevens.  1822.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
June  4,  1799.  Attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Maryland 
(School  of  Medicine);  did  not  graduate;  resided  near  Annapolis 
Cross-Roads,  Anne  Arundel  County.    Died  November  17,  185 1. 

Gambrill,  William  Bartlett.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  2,3, 
1849.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1878;  Surgeon,  Relief  Depart- 
ment, Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad;  practices  at  Alberton,  Md. 

*Gannt,  Edward.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
1741.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1762;  said  to  have  attended  medical  lec- 
tures at  the  University  of  Edinburgh;  ordained  minister  of  the 
P.  E.  Church,  1770 ;  Surgeon,  Revolutionary  War ;  moved  to  George- 
town, 1795,  where  he  practiced  medicine  and  introduced  vaccination, 
1802;  three  times  Chaplain,  United  States  Senate;  moved  to  Ken- 
tucky, 1808,  where  be  died,  1837.  "Married  Miss  Compton,  of 
Calvert   County,   Md."   (Q.). 

*Gantt,  Thomas.  1801  (?).  Of  Calvert  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter.  ("Thomas  Gaunt" 
attended  clinics  at  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  1769-70.  A  Dr.  Gantt 
was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  from  Calvert  County,  1803. 
"Thomas  Gantt,  Surgeon's  Mate,  1807-08" — Q.  A  Dr.  Gantt  died 
in  Calvert  County,  1812 — Potter's  Lyceum,  vol.  i,  No.  4.) 

*Gardiner,  Charles  L.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820.  Of 
Chaptico,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  Died  before  the  War.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

^Gardner,  Frank  B.  1880.  Born  in  1848.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1867.     Died  at  Baltimore,  September  7,  1895. 

Gardner,  William  Sisson.  1889.  Born  in  Athens  County,  O.,  Septem- 
ber 23,  1861.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1885;  Resident  Physician,  Maternite,  1885-86;  Demonstrator  of 
Chemistry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1885-86;  Resident 
Physician,  City  Hospital,  1886-87 ;  Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics,  1887- 
93;  Associate  Professor  of  Gyntecology,  1893 — ;  Editor  of  the 
Bulletin  of  the  Alumni  Society,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 
1012  McCulloh  Street,  Baltimore. 

405 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Garey,  Henry  Force.  1877.  Born  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  July  22,  1854. 
Educated  at  Rockhill  College,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1876 ;  a  Founder  of  Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege, and  a  member  of  its  Faculty  for  two  years ;  Surgeon  of  the 
Dispensary,  Homoeopathic  Medical  College ;  Specialist  in  Eye  and 
Ear  Diseases.     341  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Garretson,  Frederick.  Born  in  Gloucester  County,  Va.,  1837;  son 
of  Andrew  Van  Bibber  and  Bettie  Carter  Garretson,  of  Matthews 
County,  Va.  Educated  at  the  College  of  St.  James,  Md. ;  pupil 
of  Dr.  W.  C.  Van  Bibber;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1857; 
(entered  in  the  catalogue  as  "Frederick  Van  Bibber,  Va."  Name 
was  afterwards  changed  to  Garretson  by  Act  of  Confederate  Con- 
gress;) Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  May  23,  1857;  dismissed.  May 
6,  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  N.,  1861-65 ;  was  on  cruiser 
"Florida;"  was  in  Europe,  1865;  after  the  War,  practiced  at  Balti- 
more, 1865-72 ;  removed  to  New  York ;  he  was  married  but  had  no 
children.    Died  at  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  August  30,  1887. 

*Garrott,  John  D.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of 
Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Garry,  James.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1830.  Of  Mary- 
land.    See  list  of  1848. 

Gatton,  Edgar  M.  1832.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832.  Of 
Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Gaver,  William  E.  1892.  Born  near  Middletown,  Md.,  May  21,  1863. 
Educated  at  Middletown  High  School ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1888;  Post-graduate  Course,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital;  resides 
at  Mount  Airy,  Md. 

Gavin,  Frank  Denton.  1877.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1874; 
Resident  Physician  in  charge,  Church  Home  and  Infirmary,  North 
Broadway,  Baltimore. 

*Geddes,  Robert.  Founder.  1799.  Surgeon,  Ninth  Infantry,  U.  S.  A., 
1799-1800  (Q.).     Of  Kent  County,  Md. 

*Geddings,  Eli.  1831.  Born  in  Newberry  District,  S.  C,  1799.  Edu- 
cated at  Abbeville  Academy;  licensed  to  practice,  1820;  attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1821-22;  M.D.,  Medical 
College  of  South  Carolina,  1825 ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Medi- 

406 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cal  College  of  South  Carolina,  1825-28;  at  Paris  and  London,  1826- 
27;  lectured  on  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  1828-31;  Clinical  Lecturer, 
Charleston  Almshouse;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology, 
University  of  Maryland,  1831-37;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1834;  returned  to  Charleston,  1837;  Professor  of  Patho- 
logical Anatomy  and  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Medical  College  ol 
the  State  of  South  Carolina,  1837-41 ;  Professor  of  Surgery 
or  Practice,  1841-61 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  Professor 
of  Surgery,  1865-71 ;  Emeritus  Professor,  1871-78;  he  was  the  editor 
of  the  Baltimore  Medical  Journal,  1833-35 ;  and  of  North  American 
Archives  of  Medical  and  Surgical  Science,  1835-37 ;  a  contributor  to 
the  American  Encyclopcedta  of  Practical  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
edited  by  I.  Hays,  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  an  able  and  learned 
teacher  and  forcible  writer.     Died     t  Charleston,  October  9,   1878. 

Geer,  Edwin.  1892.  Born  in  Wilson  County,  N.  C,  February  9,  1865. 
Educated  at  Glenwood  Institute;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1891 ;  Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine  Hos- 
pital, 1891-92;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital;  Coroner  of  Balti- 
more ;  Surgeon,  Maryland  Naval  Militia ;  Lieutenant  Commander 
and  Examining  Officer,  First  Naval  Battalion,  M.  N.  G.  1614  Bol- 
ton Street,  Baltimore. 

George,  Enoch.  1891.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872 ;  President 
of  the  School  Board  of  Caroline  County,  Md.    Of  Denton,  Md. 

Germon,  Frank  W.  1878.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  1848;  son  of  Green 
C.  Germon,  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1870;  Vac- 
cine Physician,  1873  and  1876 ;  Coroner  of  Baltimore  City,  1898. 
322  North  Greene  Street,  Baltimore. 

Getz,  Charles.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  12,  1855 ;  son  of 
Charles  S.  Geiz.  Educated  at  St.  Luke's  Academy;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1879.    312  North  Carey  Street,  Baltimore. 

Getzendanner,  Joseph  T.  1840.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jeffer- 
son,  1839.     See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of   1848. 

*Ghiselin,  Reverdy.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Annapolis  about  1765; 
of  Huguenot  descent.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1788; 
is  said  to  have  studied  medicine  at  Paris  during  the  French  Revo- 
lution;  visitor  to  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1804;  married 
Margaret   Anne,    daughter   of   Gov.    Robert   Bowie,    December   25, 

407 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1804;  Member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Maryland,  1809;  in 
charge  of  Land  Office ;  Surgeon  in  the  War  of  1812.  Died  at 
his  plantatioii,  "Brookfield,"  near  Nottingham,  Prince  George 
County,   Md.,   1823. 

Gibbons,  Edward  Englar.  1897.  Born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  August 
18,  1871 ;  son  oif  next  named.  Graduated  from  Baltimore  City 
College,  1891 ;  student  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1891-92 ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  189S ;  Chief  of  Clinic,  University  of 
Maryland,  and  Demonstrator  of  Ophthalmology ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Baltimore;  Specialist 
in  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat  Diseases.  1102  West  Lafayette 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*GiBB0NS,  James  Edward.  1876.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
July  8,  1844.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College;  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Maryland  and  Washington  University,  Balti- 
more; M.D.,  Washington  University,  1868;  practiced  at  New 
Windsor,  Md.,  1868-73;  after  that  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physi- 
cian, 187s ;  President  of  the  Baltimore  Medical  Association.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  December  2,  1901. 

*GiBB0NS,  John.  1810.  Born  in  Ireland,  1788.  Emigrated  to  Lewis- 
town,  Del. ;  Principal  of  Lewistown  Academy ;  pupil  of  Dr.  Wil- 
son; M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809;  settled  at  Seaford, 
Del.,  and  practiced  there  till  his  death.  Died  at  Seaford,  1838. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Gibbons,  John  L.  Born  in  Virginia.  M.D.,  Washington  University, 
1841 ;  Delegate  from  Baltimore  County  to  the  American  Medical 
Association,  1847;  resided  at  Baltimore.     See  Trans.,  1856. 

Gibbons^  William  H.  1898.  Bom  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
October  10,  1862.  Educated  at  Western  Maryland  College;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1884;  Health  Officer,  Prince  George 
County,  Md.,  1897;  Coroner,  Prince  George  County.  P.  O.,  Croom. 

Gibes,  Edmund  Cantwell.  1887.  Born  at  Middletown,  Del.,  Septem- 
ber 17,  1856.  Educated  at  Middletown  Academy;  Pharmacist  for 
several  years;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  Assistant  in 
Surgery,  University  of  Maryland  Dispensary;  Medical  Examiner 
for   Shield  of   Honor     316   East   North   Avenue,   Baltimore. 

408 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*GiESON,  Charles  Bell.  1840.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1816.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1836;  Physician  to  Philadelphia  Hospital, 
1838;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1842-48;  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Surgical  Anatomy,  Hampden 
Sydney  College,  Richmond,  Va.,  1848+ ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65. 
Died  at  Richmond,  1865. 

*GiBS0N,  George  S.  1824.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  December  11,  1800. 
Educated  in  England  and  Holland;  returned  to  America,  1818  or 
1819;  pupil  of  Dr.  P.  Macaulay;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1823 ;  succeeded  Dr.  Macaulay  in  practice ;  Treasurer,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1836-38;  Attending  Physician,  Maryland  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane;  forty  years  in  practice;  retired,  1862-63.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  January  30,  1872. 

*GiBSON^  John  Mason.  1826.  L.M. ;  author  of  "Condensation  of 
Matter  upon  the  Anatomy,  Surgical  Operations  and  Treatment  of 
Diseases  of  the  Eye,"  etc.,  4to,  Baltimore,  1832.  Of  Baltimore. 
See  list  of 


*GiBS0N^  Joshua  Gregg.  1849.  Born  at  Romney,  Va.  (now  W.  Va). 
1823.  A.B.,  Jefferson  College,  Canonsburg,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1846;  settled  in  practice  at  Charlestown,  W. 
Va.,  and  practiced  there  a  few  years,  marrying  Susan  Waters, 
daughter  of  Dr.  William  Waters,  of  Frederick,  Md. ;  in  1849,  part- 
ner of  Dr.  Waters ;  after  some  years  his  health  failing,  he  removed 
to  the  country  and  engaged  in  farming;  a  few  years  after,  was 
a  farmer  and  practitioner  in  Jefferson  County,  W.  Va. ;  moved  to 
Shepherdstown,  1881 ;  in  drug  business  there,  1881-94.  Died  at 
Shepherdstown,    1894.     See    lists    of    1853    and    1873. 

*GiBS0N,  William.  181  i.  Born  at  Baltimore  (a  twin),  March  14, 
1788.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  and  Princeton 
College,  1803-04;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Owen,  of  Baltimore;  attended 
medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1806-07;  M.D., 
University  of  Edinburgh,  1809;  pupil  of  Charles  Bell,  of  London; 
began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1810;  Professor  of  Surgery,  College 
of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1812-13 ;  and  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1813-19;  Surgeon,  Maryland  Militia,  1814;  Dean,  University 
of  Maryland,  1818;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Maryland  Hospital; 
Attending  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Almshouse;  Professor  of  Surgery, 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819-55;  Emeritus  Professor,  1855-68; 
LL.D.,  Edinburgh.    His  most  important  work  was  his  "Surgery"  in 

409 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

2  vols.,  which  went  through  eight  or  nine  editions  (the  first  edition, 
1824).  He  was  the  first  to  ligate  the  common  iliac  artery,  1812.  He 
performed  Caesarean  section  twice  upon  the  same  woman,  saving 
both  mother  an,d  children;  he  extracted  the  ball  which  General 
Scott  had  received  at  Lundy's  Lane.  Died  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  March 
2,    1868. 

GiCHNER,  Joseph  Enoch.  1892.  Born  in  Austrian  Silesia,  August  16, 
1864.  Received  a  public  and  high  school  education;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1890;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  University 
of  Maryland;  Associate  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine;  Associate 
Editor,  Maryland  Medical  Journal,  1892.  2102  Madison  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

Gilchrist,  Thomas  Caspar.  1892.  Born  in  England,  1862.  M.R.C.S., 
England;  L.M.S.,  London;  first  M.B.,  University  of  London;  Clini- 
cal Professor  of  Dermatology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1896-97 ;  Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology,  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege; Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology,  University  of  Maryland; 
Assistant  in  Dermatology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-98; 
Clinical  Professor  of  Dermatology,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1898 — ;  contributions  in  Dermatology,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
Reports.     317   North   Charles   Street,   Baltimore. 

Giles,  Alfred  Baker.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  18,  1858. 
Educated  at  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College ;  pupil  of  Dr.  F. 
Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880;  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Bayview  Hospital,  1882-83 ;  Visiting  Physician,  House  of 
Correction,  1887-88;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1898. 
Address,  Forest  Park. 

*Gill,  Edward,  Jr.  1813.  Born  at  "Nicholson's  Manor,"  Baltimore 
County,  Md.,  April  9,  1788;  son  of  Edward  Gill.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Little- 
john;  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  practiced 
in  Baltimore  County  until  1835,  when  he  retired  and  devoted  him- 
self entirely  to  farming.  Died  December  6,  1867.  See  lists  of  1848, 
1853  and   1873. 

*Gillett,  Jacob.  1829.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Western  New  York;  settled  for  practice  at  Churchville,  Harford 
County,  Md.,  March  26,  1829;  was  still  there  in  1840;  moved  West. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*GiLLiNGHAM,  EzRA.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1816;  an 
incorporator  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Maryland,  Baltimore,  1817; 

410 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1818-19  (Q.) 
[I  have  not  been  able  to  confirm  this]  ;  Member  of  the  Board 
of  Examiners,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1824.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, 1825.     See  list  of  1848. 

*GiLLiss,  John  P.  R.  1829.  Born  in  Maryland,  1806.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1829;  Censor,  1831  and  1840-41;  President  of  the 
Board  of  School  Commissioners ;  President  of  the  Board  of  the 
State   Normal    School.     Died   at  Whaleysville,   Worcester  County, 

Md.,  August  7,  1881. 

GiLLiss,  Joseph  A.  1874.  Born  near  Barren  Creek,  Somerset  (nov^r 
Wicomico)  County,  Md.,  December  31,  1840.  Taught  in  the  public 
schools ;  Principal  of  Quantico  public  school ;  M.D.,  Washington 
University  of  Baltimore,  1870;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1870;  Vaccine 
and  Police  Physician  for  over  ten  years ;  Medical  Examiner,  Im- 
proved Order  of  Heptasophs.    437  West  Biddle  Street,  Baltimore. 

*GiLMAN,  JuDSON.  1853.  Born  at  Meredith,  Belknap  County,  N.  H., 
December  22,  1818.  Educated  at  Colby  University,  Me. ;  A.M., 
Colby  University,  1842 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845  ; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1845 ;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society 
of  Baltimore  and  of  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1877-78; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1853-54;  Assistant  Commissioner  of  Health 
of  Baltimore,  1851-53  and  1855-61;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861-63;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  at  Point  Lookout,  1863-65; 
Treasurer,  Medidal  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859-61  and  1870-83. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  August  i,  1883. 

*GiTTiNGS,  David  Sterret.  1838.  Born  in  Maryland,  August  17,  I797- 
A.M.,  Dickinson  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1818; 
student  in  hospitals  at  London,  Paris  and  Edinburgh ;  returned  to 
Baltimore  County,  1820,  and  practiced  there  until  his  death.  "A  pop- 
ular and  skillful  physician  and  public-spirited  citizen."  Died  at 
Upper  Falls,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  March  12,  1887.  See  Treas- 
urer's book  and  list  of  1848. 

^Glasgow,  James.  1801.  First  practiced  at  Baltimore ;  moved  to 
Harford  County,  Md.,  purchasing  a  farm  on  Deer  Creek,  May  28, 
1814.  Died  at  Priestford,  Deer  Creek,  Harford  County,  August 
19,   1823.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Cleaves,   William.     See  list  of  1848. 

411 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Gleitsmann,  Joseph  William.  1875.  Born  at  Bamberg,  Bavaria, 
1841.  Studied  at  the  Universities  of  Wiirzburg,  Berlin,  and 
Munich;  graduated  at  Wiirzburg,  1865;  Volunteer  Surgeon  in 
Wars  of  i860  and  1870;  emigrated  to  America  and  practiced  as 
specialist  for  several  years  at  Baltimore ;  Professor  of  Larynology 
and  Rhinology,  New  York  Polyclinic  and  Hospital ;  Laryngologist 
to  the  German  Hospital ;  Laryngologist  and  Otologist  to  the  Ger- 
man Dispensary;  Vice-President,  Laryngological  Section,  Twelfth 
International  Congress ;  President,  German  Medical  Society  of 
New  York;  President  Laryngological  Section,  New  York  Acad- 
emy.    46  East  Twenty-fifth  Street,   New  York. 

*Glocker^  Theodore  W.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  11,  1841. 
Graduated  from  Baltimore  City  College,  1859;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1861 ;  in  February,  1863,  went  to  Richmond  and  was 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A. ;  stationed  at  Richmond, 
Danville  and  Staunton,  and  served  in  the  Valley  Campaigns  of 
1864-65;  returned  to  Baltimore  after  the  War,  and  continued  prac- 
tice until  his  death.    Died  at  Baltimore,  November  15,  1894. 

Godfrey^  Isabella  K.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1889;  resides  at  Baltimore. 

*GoDMAN,  John  D.  1818  (?).  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  December  20, 
1794.  On  the  American  Fleet  in  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  1814;  medical 
student  of  Dr.  Luckey,  of  Pennsylvania,  1815;  entered  University 
of  Maryland,  1815;  pupil  of  Drsi  Hall  and  Davidge;  M.D.  and 
Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1818;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy 
and  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1817-18;  had  a 
School  of  Anatomy  in  Philadelphia  •  Professor  in  Cincinnati  Med- 
ical College,  1822-23,  and  in  Rutgers  (New  Jersey)  Medical  College, 
1826-30;  author  of  "Anatomical  Investigations,"  8vo,  Philadelphia, 
1824,  "Contributions  to  Anatomy,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1825 ;  "Amer- 
ican Natural  History,"  3  vols.,  8vo,  Philadelphia  (two  editions), 
1826  and  1831 ;  "Addresses,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1829,  "Rambles  of  a 
Naturalist,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1833 ;  "Treatise  on  Dislocations," 
by  Sir  A.  Cooper,  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1825 ;  "Elements  of  Physiol- 
ogy," by  A.  Richerand,  8vo^  Philadelphia,  1823 ;  Editor  of  Western 
Quarterly  Reporter,  Cincinnati,  1822-23 ;  Editor  of  Journal  of  For- 
eign Medical  Science  and  Literature,  Philadelphia,  1824 ;  Co-Editor, 
Philadelphia  Journal  of  Medical  and  Physical  Sciences,  Philadel- 
phia, 1825-27;  contributor  to  "Encyclopasaia  Americana."  Died  at 
Philadelphia,  April   17,   1830. 

412 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Goldman,  Gustav.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  29,  1865.  Edu- 
cated at  Loyola  College;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895; 
Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics  and  Chief  of  Obstetrical  Clinic,  Balti- 
more Medical   College,   1895-96.     2005  Eastern  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*GoLDSBOROUGH,  Brice  Worthington.  i88s.  Born  at  Princess  Anne, 
Somerset  County  Md.,  August  16,  1859.  Educated  at  the  Episco- 
pal High  School,  Alexandria,  1872-78;  pupil  of  Prof.  F.  Donald- 
son and  a  student  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  1878-79;  M.D., 
University  of  Virginia,  1880;  Post-graduate  Course  at  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University  and  the  University  of  Maryland,  1880-81 ;  on 
the  medical  staff,  Charity  and  British  Hospitals,  Montevideo,  Uru- 
guay, 1881-83 ;  returned  to  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  Md., 
1883,  and  has  practiced  there  since;  Health  Officer,  Cambridge, 
1885-86;  a  Founder  and  Chief  of  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  United 
Charities  Hospital,  Cambridge,  1898 — ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Marine  Hospital  Service,  1899 — ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty,  1901-02. 

*GoLDSBOROUGH,  Charles  Henry.  1824.  Bom  at  "Richfields,"  Fred- 
erick County,  Mid.,  February  14,  1800;  son  of  William  Goldsbor- 
ough.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823 ;  began  practice  at 
Walkersville,  Md.,  and  continued  until  his  death.  Died  at  Walkers- 
ville,   Frederick  County,  August,   1862. 

Goldsborough,  Charles  Leander.  Censor,  1840.  Of  Hanover,  Pa. 
See  list  of  1848. 

"^Goldsborough,  Edward  Yerbury.  1828.  Born  at  Frederick,  Md., 
December  5,  1797;  son  of  William  Goldsborough.  Educated  at 
Frederick  Academy;  student  of  Drs.  Baltzell  and  Potter;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Died  near  "Richfields,"  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  November  14,  1850. 

*Goldsborough,  Howes.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Dorchester  County, 
November  20,  1771 ;  son  of  John  and  Caroline  Goldsborough.  Lived 
in  Dorchester  County ;  later,  in  Frederick  County ;  Censor,  Balti- 
more ;  Clerk  of  Dorchester  Court ;  married  Mary  McMullan,  of 
Duck  Creek,  near  Smyrna,  Del.  Died  in  Dorchester  County,  Octo- 
ber 20,  1804. 

*Goldsborough,  Howes.  1813.  Born  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Mary- 
land, about  1787.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1812;  lived 
on  the  Eastern  Shore,   1813;  later,  settled  near  Baltimore;  Censor 

413 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  Baltimore  County,  1826  (American  Medical  Recorder)  ;  later, 
moved  to  Howard  County,  Md.  Died  in  Howard  County,  Md., 
1862. 

*GoLDSBOROUGH,  Leander  Worthington.  1829.  Born  at  Frederick  City, 
Md.,  May  21,  1804.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  June  28,  1891.  Edward,  Leander 
and  Charles  H.  Goldsborough  were  brothers. 

*GoLDSBOROUGH,  RoBERT.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Four-Square," 
Talbot  County,  Md.,  December  4,  1772;  son  of  John  Goldsborough. 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1826-36.  "An  old- 
fashioned  gentleman;  very  fine  looking;  precise  and  prim;  dressed 
in  the  old  style ;  drove  a  chaise."  He  married  Mrs.  Henrietta 
Nicholson  Bracco,  widow  of  Dr.  John  Bracco,  and  left  one  son. 
Died  at  Centerville,  Md.,  September  30,  1849. 

*GoLDSBOROUGH,  RoBERT,  Jr.  Bom  at  Centerville,  Md.,  1795 ;  son  of 
Dr.  Robert  Goldsborough.  M.D.;  Censor;  Registrar  of  Wills, 
Queen  Anne's  County,  1858.  Died  at  Centerville,  1863.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

Goldsmith,  Robert  H.  1874.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  1832.  A.B.,  St. 
Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  1850;  A.M.,  St.  Mary's  College,  1852; 
pupil  of  Drs.  Hintze  and  Morris ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1852;  Vaccine  Physician  and  Coroner,  1853;  moved  to  Mississippi; 
Physician  to  Baltimore  City  Almshouse  (Bayview  Asylum),  1868- 
72;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Mary's  Industrial  School,  1870 — ;  Phy- 
sician to  St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum  and  Maternite ;  President, 
Young  Catholic  Friends'  Society  and  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion. 
His  special  study  is  in  Medical  Jurisprudence.  647  North  Calhoun 
Street,  Baltimore. 

GoMBELL,  William.  1891.  Born  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hessen, 
Germany,  May  31,  1854.  Educated  at  the  Gymnasium  at  Darm- 
stadt; M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1877; 
Resident  Physician,  Maternite,  1877-78;  Resident  Physician,  City 
Hospital,  1878;  Surgeon,  Navassa  Island;  has  practiced  at  Balti- 
more since  1880.     835  West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

*GooDELL,  William.  Honorary.  1881.  Born  on  Island  of  Malta,  1829. 
A.B.,  Williams  College,  Mass.,  1852;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1854;  prac- 
ticed at  Constantinople,  1854-61 ;  at  West  Chester,  Pa.,  1861-65 ; 
moved  to  Philadelphia,  1865 ;  Physician  in  Charge  of  Preston  Re- 

414 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

treat,  1865-94 ;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1870-74;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
Women,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1874-94;  Honorary  Professor 
of  Gynaecology,  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  Orator,  1881 ;  author 
of  "Lessons  in  Gynsecology,"  8vo.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  October 
27,  1894. 

Goodman,  Hector  H.  1890.  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  March  7,  i849- 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  Medical  Director,  Baltimore 
Mutual  Aid  Society,  1883—;  Police  Surgeon,  Baltimore,  1897.  1404 
Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*GooDWiN,  Lyde.  Founder.  1799.  Born,  1725.  His  name  first  appears 
in  the  records  of  Baltimore  in  1747;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court, 
Baltimore,  1783  and  1788;  Surgeon  to  Baltimore  Light  Dragoons 
(Col.  N.  R.  Mo'ore),  Yorktown,  1781;  Surgeon  to  Baltimore 
Troop,  1783;  assigned  the  chair  of  Surgery  in  the  medical  school 
projected  in  1790.    Died  at  Baltimore,  1801. 

*GoRDON,  John  N.  1877.  Born  in  Virginia.  Educated  at  Newark, 
Del.;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1852.  Died  at  Harrisonburg,  Va.,  July  27, 
1882. 

^Gordon,  Joseph  Nicholson.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md., 
October  9,  1775 ;  son  of  Charles  Gordon,  of  Scotland.  M.D.  (col- 
lege unknown)  ;  Surgeon  to  the  forces  under  General  Read  in  the 
War  of  1812;  took  part  in  the  Battle  of  Caulk's  Field;  Sheriff  of 
Kent  County  for  several  years ;  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Kent 
County,  1827-48.  Died  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  April  28,  1849.  See 
lists   of   1807  and   1848. 

*Gordon,  L.  Charles.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  185 1 ;  son  of  L.  S. 
Gordon.  M.A. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  October  30,  1880. 

Gorsuch,  James  F.  H.  1899.  Born  near  Black  Horse,  Harford 
County,  Md.  Pupil  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Chisolm;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1876;  President,  Harford  County  Medical  Society;  a 
Founder  of  Baltimore  County  Medical  Society;  resides  at  Fork, 
Baltimore  County,  Md. 

Gorter,  Nathan  Ryno.     1890.     Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  April 
25,    i860.     Educated   at   Anne  Arundel    County   Academy;    M.D., 
University   of    Maryland,    1879 ;    Professor  of    Surgery,    Baltimore 
27  415 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Polyclinic,  1884;  Examining  Physician,  Travelers'  Insurance  Com- 
pany, of  Hartford,  1893 — ;  Medical  Examiner,  Provident  Savings 
Life  Assurance  Society  of  New  York,  1895 — ;  Surgeon  to  the  United 
Charitiesi  Hospital,  Cambridge,  Md.,  1898 — .  i  West  Biddle  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Gosw^EiLER,  Augustus  Van  Hoff.  1892.  Born  at  Shiremanstown, 
Cumberland  County,  Pa.,  August  3,  1849.  A.B.,  1871,  and  A.M., 
1874,  Otterbein  University,  Ohio;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1877;  Physician  to  German  Society  ol  Maryland,  1884-94; 
Physician  in  charge  of  the  Eastern  Dispensary,  1885+.  1300  East 
Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

Graham,  George  Rose.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  28,  1844. 
Educated  at  the  public  schools ;  in  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65,  becoming 
Captain  of  Infantry;  in  mercantile  pursuits,  1865-1880;  traveled 
in  Europe;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1884-90;  on  the  Board  of 
United  States  Pension  Examining  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1889 — . 
725  Columbia  Avenue,  BaltimoTe. 

^Graves,  John  James.  1831-32.  Born  at  New  York,  1800.  M.D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1827;  Co- Editor,  NeW'  York 
Medical  Journal,  1829-31 ;  practiced  at  New  York  City  for  three 
years;  moved  to  Baltimore;  Member  of  Maryland  Legislature, 
1839-42;  retired  from  practice,  1848;  a  Founder  and  President  of 
the  House  of  Refuge.     Died  at  Baltimore,  January  19,  1890. 

*Gray,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1746 
(Q.).  On  Committee  of  Observation  of  Calvert  County,  1775. 
Died   in   Calvert   County,   Md.,   1812. 

*Gray,  James.  i8io(?).  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  about  1788; 
son  of  James  Gray,  Founder.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1810.     Died  in  Calvert  County,   1810   (?)    (Q.). 

*Gray,  John.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1785 ;  son  of  James 
Gray,  Founder.  Died  in  Calvert  County,  1823  (?)  (Q.).  In  list 
of  1848  marked  dead. 

Green,  C.  H.     1833.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Green,  Cuthbert  Sewell.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1824.     Of  Cecil  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

416 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Green,  William.  i88i.  Born  in  Culpepper  County,  Va.,  1837.  Edu- 
cated at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  1858;  House  Surgeon,  Brooklyn  City  Hospital,  1858-59; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-62;  Surgeon,  1862;  Chief  Sur- 
geon, Corps  of  Artillery,  and  on  the  Staff  of  Col.  Hillary  P.  Jones; 
was  captured  at  Appomattox  Court  House,  1865 ;  settled  at  Balti- 
more, 1871 ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics, 
Washington   University.     1124   North   Charles   Street,   Baltimore. 

Greenley,  Thomas  Wilkinson.  1893.  Born  at  Hillsboro,  Caroline 
County,  Md.,  November  6,  1865.  Educated  at  Swarthmore  Col- 
lege, Pa. ;  Pharmacist  at  Easton  for  several  years ;  pupil  of  Dr. 
J.  M.  Wilkinson,  Dover,  Del. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1888 ;  practiced  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1888-95 ;  later, 
practiced  at  Baltimore.     Last  entry  in  Polk's  Directory  is  1896. 

GREENVk^ELL,  Francis  Floyd.  189S.  Bom  at  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  February  20,  1868.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Em- 
mitsburg,  1889;  A.M.,  St.  Mary's  College,  1891 ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1892;  practices  at  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's  County, 
Md. 

Greetham,  John  W.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1833.  Of 
Baltimore;  later,  removed  elsewhere.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Greetham,  Miles  L.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831.  Of  Mis- 
souri.    In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Gregory,  Samuel  J.  1823.  Born  in  Washington  County,  Md.,  March 
18,  1793,  and  died  there  October  20,  1835.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853,  and  Scharf's  "Western  Maryland." 

Grempler,  Edward.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  17,  1865. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College ;  in  drug  business  for  nine 
years;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889;  Coroner,  Baltimore, 
1896.    517  Scott  Street,  Baltimore. 

Grier,  William.  About  1872.  Born  in  Ireland.  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1838;  Surgeon,  1852;  Fleet  Surgeon,  1853-56;  Medical 
Director,  1871;  President  of  the  Medical  Examining  Board, 
U.  S.  N.,  for  several  years ;  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  N.,  1877-78. 
See  Trans.,  1873. 

Grieves,  Horatio  G.  1828.  M.D.  Of  Ellicott's  Mills,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853,  Trans.,  1858,  and  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

417 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Griffing,  Calvin  C.     1813.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Griffith,  Alexander  L.  1813.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1813 ;  Censor ;  lived  at  Bush  River  Neck,  Harford  County,  Md., 
1814-16.     Died  before  1823.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Griffith,  Lewis  Allen.  1887.  Born  at  North  Chesapeake  Beach,  Cal- 
vert County,  Md.,  October  19,  1854;  son  of  Franklin  L.  Griffith. 
Removed  in  childhood  to  Friendship,  Anne  Arundel  County ;  edu- 
cated at  St.  John's  College  and  Maryland  Agricultural  College; 
A.B.,  Maryland  Agricultural  College,  1874;  A.M.,  1877;  taught 
school ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1879 ;  Post-graduate  Course,  Johns  Hopkins  University ;  located 
at  Upper  Marlboro,  Prince  George  County,  1879,  3-rid  has  prac- 
ticed there  ever  since;  Physician  to  Jail  and  Almshouse;  Health 
Ofificer  of  Prince  George  County,  1897 — ;  Judge  of  Orphans'  Court, 
1887-91 ;  President,  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Election  for  four  years. 
P.  O.,  Upper  Marlboro,  Md. 

*Griffith,  Lewis.  1822.  Born  near  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1818;  after  graduating,  settled  near 
Cockeysville,  Baltimore  County;  some  years  later,  removed  to 
Western  Run  Valley;  also  engaged  in  farming.  Died  November, 
1854.     See  lists  of  1848,   1853  and  1873. 


Griffith^  Robert  Egglesfield.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  February  13, 
1798.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1820;  Physician  to  Phila- 
delphia Board  of  Health,  1834-36;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica 
and  Pharmacology,  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy;  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene  and  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, University  of  Maryland,  1836-37;  Professor  of  Practice, 
Obstetrics  and  Medical  Jurisprudence,  University  of  Virginia,  1837- 
39;  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health;  author  of  "Medical  Botany," 
8vo,  1847;  "Universal  Formulary,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1847  (second 
edition,  1850)  ;  also  edited  works  of  Taylor,  Christison,  Garrod  and 
others.     Died  at  Philadelphia,  June  26,  1850. 

*Griffith,  Samuel.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked 
dead  in  the  latter.  (There  was  a  Griffith,  Samuel  M.,  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  July  24,  1800,  Fort  Johnston,  N.  C. — Hammersley.) 

Griffith,  Timothy.  1893.  Born  at  Steuben,  Oneida  County,  N.  Y., 
August  I,  1861.     M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1888;  Vice-Presi- 

418 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

■dent  Allegany  County  Medical  Association;  Member  of  the  Board 
of  Health  of  Frostburg,  Md. 

*Griffith,  William  Brewer.  i88i.  Born  at  West  River,  Anne 
Arundel  County,  Md.,  January  23,  1843.  Graduated  in  Law  from 
Princeton,  1865;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870;  began  prac- 
tice at  Baltimore,  but  had  to  abandon  it  on  account  of  ill  health ; 
went  to  Texas,  and  later  to  Dakota.  Died  in  Dakota,  of  con- 
sumption,  November  2,   1885. 

Grimes,  John  H.  1868.  Born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  September  24, 
1842.  Educated  at  Calvert  College,  Md. ;  in  First  Regiment  of 
Cavalry,  C.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  pupil  oi  Dr.  John  F.  Buffingto-n ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1868;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873.  2100 
Maryland  Avenue,    Baltimore. 

Grimes^  William  Henry.  1828.  Born  in  Maryland,  1807 ;  son  of  James 
Grimes.  Educated  at  Marshall  College,  Mercersburg,  Pa. ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1828;  practiced  for  some  years  and  then 
devoted  himself  to  farming;  Member  of  Legislature,  1874.  Died  at 
'"Marshton,"  near  Bakersville,  Washington  County,  Md.,  May  19, 
1892.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853,  1873  and  1875. 

*Groome,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  May  2, 
1769;  son  of  Charles  Groome.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Edward  Worrell,  of 
Chestertown,  also  of  Dr.  George  Wallace,  of  Elkton;  married  the 
widow  of  Dr.  George  Wallace,  August  31,  1799;  practiced  at 
Elkton,  Md.,  and  died  there  May  18,  1830.  He  was  a  friend  of 
Washington,  and  the  grandfather  of  Gov.  James  Black  Groome, 
of  Maryland. 

Gross,  Harry.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  13,  1871.  Edu- 
cated at  Friends'  High  School;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist, 
University  of  Maryland,  1896;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, University  of  Maryland,  1896- 1900;  Assistant  of  Surgical 
Clinic,  University  of  Maryland,  1899-1900;  Professor  of  Clinical 
and  Operative  Surgery,  Maryland  Medical  College.  1340  South 
Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Grove,  Benjamin  Frank,  Jr.  1877.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  March  8, 
1852.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877;  specialist  in  Rhinology, 
and  engaged  in  literary  work  in  the  Philology  of  modern  Euro- 
pean languages.     1302  North  Caroline  Street,  Baltimore. 

419 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Grover,  John  S.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831.  Of  Em- 
mitsbuig,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*GuNBY,  George  T.  1810.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1810  (?).     Of  Worcester,  Kent  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

*GuNBY,  John.  1831-32.  Born  near  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County, 
Md. ;  son  of  Col.  John  Gunby,  of  the  Colonial  Army.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1830.  (Dr.  J.  B.  R.  Purnell  says  he  lived  mostly 
in  Ohio.)     Died  near  Snow  Hill,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

GuNDRY,  Alfred  Thomas.  1898.  Born  at  Dayton,  O.,  1870.  Removed 
to  Baltimore  in  1878;  educated  at  the  University  School  and 
Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1894;  Resident  Physician,  Maryland  Lying- 
in  Hospital,  1894-95 ;  Resident  Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's 
Hospital  for  six  months ;  Assistant  Physician,  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  Clarinda,  la.,  1895-98;  Visiting  Physician,  Gundry  Sanita- 
rium, 1898 — .     917  Frederick  Avenue,  extended,  Baltimore. 

Gundry,  Lewis  H.  1896.  Born  at  Dayton,  O.,  1868;  son  of  Richard 
Gundry.  Educated  at  Marston's  School,  Baltimore,  and  Johns 
Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1890;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1890-91;  First 
Assistant  Physician,  Eastern  Indiana  Insane  Asylum  at  Richmond, 
1891-94;  has  been  practicing  since  that  at  Baltimore;  Visiting 
Physician  to  Gundry  Sanitarium ;  Professor  of  Nervous  and  Men- 
tal Diseases,  Maryland  Medical  College.  Augusta  Avenue,  corner 
Frederick  Avenue,  extended,  Baltimore. 

*Gundry,  Richard.  1878.  Born  at  Hampstead,  near  London,  Eng- 
land, October  14,  1830.  Came  to  Canada,  1845;  M.D.  and  first 
prize.  Harvard,  185 1 ;  after  traveling  in  Europe,  located  at  Colum- 
bus, O.,  1853;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Starling  Med'cal  Col- 
lege; Assistant  Physician,  Columbus  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  and 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Starling  Medical  College,  1855 ; 
Editor  of  the  Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1855-57;  Assist- 
ant Physician,  Southern  Ohio  Insane  Asylum,  Dayton,  1857;  Med- 
ical Superintendent,  Southern  Ohio  Insane  Asylum,  1861-72;  Vice- 
President,  Ohio  Medical  Society,  1858-60  and  1864;  Medical 
Superintendent  of  the  Asylum  at  Athens,  O.,  1872-77;  Medical 
Superintendent  of  the  Asylum  at  Columbus,  O.,  1877-78;  Super- 
intendent,   Maryland    Hospital    for    the    Insane    (Spring    Grove), 

420 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1878-91 ;  Lecturer  on  Mental  Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1880-81 ;  Professor  of  Mental  Diseases  and 
Materia  Medica,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1881-91 ; 
President,  Harvard  Association;  Vice-President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1886-87;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1888;  a  leading  Specialist  in  Insanity.  Died  at  Spring 
Grove  Asylum,  near  Baltimore,  April  23,  1891. 

Gi/NDRY,  Richard  F.  1893.  Born  at  Dayton,  O.,  April  21,  1866. 
Pupil  of  his  father.  Dr.  Richard  Gundry;  M.D.,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1888;  Assistant  Physician,  Day- 
ton Insane  Asylum,  1888-89;  Assistant  Physician,  Athens  (O.) 
Insane  Asylum,  1889-91 ;  Superintendent,  Richard  Gundry  Home, 
Catonsville,    1891 — . 

*GwiNN,  John.  1815  (?).  A.B.,  St.  John's,  1811  (Q.)  ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1815;  Censor,  1819  and  1822.  Of  Chaptico, 
St.  Mary's  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

GwiNN,  William  B.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Of 
Littlestown,  Pa.     See  list  of  1848. 

GwYN,  Norman  B.  1897.  M.B.,  University  of  Toronto,  1896;  Assist- 
ant Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  and  Demon- 
strator of  Clinical  Microscopy,  1896-1900;  removed  to  Philadel- 
phia; Instructor  in  Medicine,  Uftiversity  of  Pennsylvania.  1927 
Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia. 

*GwYNN,  Henry  B.  1889.  Born  1855.  M.D.,  Baltimore  University, 
1887;  Principal,  No.  i  Grammar  School,  Baltimore.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, October  11,  1900. 

Hackett,  John  C.  1899.  Born  July  13,  1857.  Educated  at  Millington 
Academy ;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1883 ;  practices  at  Millington,  Md. 

Hadel,  Albert  Kimberly.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  4,  1856. 
Graduated  from  Calvert  Hall,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1889;  Secretary,  Maryland  Society  of  the  War  of  1812, 
1890;  Registrar,  Maryland  Society  of  the  War  of  1812,  1891  ; 
Registrar-General,  National  Society  of  the  War  of  1812,  1894; 
Historian,  Maryland  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, 1894;  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Health,  Baltimore,  1898. 
209  West  Madison  Street,  Baltimore. 

421 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Hadel.,  John  Frederick  Charles.  Born  at  Hamburg,  Germany; 
came  to  America,  1845.  Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1852; 
assassinated  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  October  14,   1855. 

Hall,  Alfred  D.  1836.  Licensed  as  Dental  Surgeon.  Of  Gloucester 
County,  Va.     See  list  of  1848. 

Hall,  Daniel  D.  1835.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Gloucester  County,  Va.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Hall,  Henry.  1801  (?).  Son  of  Elihu  and  Catherine  Orrick  Hall, 
of  Cecil  County.  Married  Hester  Maclay,  daughter  of  Hon.  Wil- 
liam Maclay,  United  States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania.  Of  Head 
of  Chester,  Kent  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked 
dead  in  the  latter.  (According  to  Quinan,  a  "Henry  F.  Hall"  was 
Surgeon's  Mate,  1813,  and  Surgeon,  Forty-second  Infantry,  1814- 
IS.) 

♦Hall,  Jacob.  Born  1747.  Surgeon,  Third  New  Hampshire  Regi- 
ment in  the  Revolution ;  present  at  the  Battles  of  Germantown 
and  Monmouth,  and  was  with  Sullivan  against  the  Indians,  1779; 
President,  Cokesbury  (M.  E.)  College,  Md.  Died  in  Harford 
County,  Md.,  May  7,  1812.  (Was  this  the  "Hall,  Jac.  Britannus, 
'De  Electricitate,'  Edin.,  1771?"  Probably.  The  above  Dr.  Jacob 
Hall  read  a  paper  before  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadel- 
phia, 1791,  on  "Cases  of  Jaundice  Cured  by  Electricity.") 

Hall,  John  E.  1857.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1856.  Of  Church 
Hill,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.     See  Trans.,  1857,  1858  and  1873. 

*Hall,  Joseph.  Founder.  1799.  Commissioned  Surgeon  to  Colonel 
Griffith's  Battalion  of  Flying  Camp,  September  6,  1776;  Surgeon 
to  Colonel  Murdock's  Battalion,  1777  (Q.).  Of  Montgomery 
County,  Md. 

V 
*Hall,  Josias  Carvil.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  July  7,  1746; 
son  of  Col.  John  Hall.  M.B.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadel- 
phia, 1769;  Signer  of  the  Harford  County  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, 1775;  Colonel  commanding  the  Second  Battalion  of 
Maryland  Flying  Camp,  1776;  Colonel  commanding  Fourth 
Battalion  of  Regulars  of  the  organization  of  March  27,  1777; 
Supernumerary  Colonel,  Maryland  Line,   January  i,    1781 ;   served 

A22 


ASHTON    ALEXANDER 
1772-1855. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  the  Battle  of  Germantown;  Delegate  to  Congress,  1785;  Mem- 
ber of  Governor's  Council,  1786;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  Ninth  U.  S. 
Infantry,  1799-1800;  Member  of  the  Maryland  Society  of  Cincin- 
nati.    Died  in  Maryland,  1814. 

Hall,  Reverdy  M.  1884.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  4,  1846. 
Educated  at  Bridgewater,  Mass.;  M.D.,  Howard  University,  1872; 
Attending  Physician,  Provident  Hospital,  Baltimore;  Attending 
Physician,  Industrial  Home  for  Colored  Girls,  Melvale,  Md.,  1885- 
99.     1019  Druid  Hill  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Hall,  Richard  Wilmot.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1785. 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1806;  came  to  Baltimore,  181 1; 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1812-13;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  Maryland,  1813-47; 
part  of  this  time  also  Professor  of  Hygiene;  Dean,  University  of 
Maryland,  1819  and  1837-38;  Surgeon,  Fifty-first  Regiment  of 
Maryland  Militia,  1814;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland,  1815;  author  of  "Memoirs  of  Military  Surgery" 
(Translated  fro.tn  Larrey),  2  vols.,  8vo,  Baltimore,  1814.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  September  14,  1847.  (William  Wilmot  Hall,  of  Mary- 
land, vv^as  Surgeon  to  the  Rifle  Regiment,  U.  S.  A.,  March  24, 
1812 — Hammersley.) 

Hall,  Thomas  B.  1898.  Born  near  St.  Denis,  Md.,  February  3,  1853. 
Educated  at  Brookville  (Md.)  Academy;  M.D.,  Washington  Uni- 
versity, Baltimore,  1873;  practices  at  Mount  Winans,  Md. 

*Hall,  Thomas  Parry.  Born  in  Maryland.  Appointed  from  Mary- 
land, Major  and  Surgeon,  Thirty-sixth  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  July 
10,  1813;  disbanded,  June  5,  1815;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1816;  an  incorpor^ator  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Maryland,  Balti- 
more, 1817;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1819;  appointed  Post  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  December  12, 
1820;  Assistant  Surgeon,  June  i,  1821,  and  held  this  ofifice  until 
his  death.     Died  September  21,  1825.     See  list  of  1848. 

Hall,  William  Fletcher.  1891.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
January  25,  1857.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1885 ;  resides  at 
Crisfield,  Md. 

Hall-Chapman,  Alice  T.  1890.  Born  at  New  York  City;  daughter 
of   John    Mortimer    Hall.     A.B.,    Wellesley    College,    Mass.,    1881 ; 

423 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

M.D.,  Woman's  Medical  College.  Philadelphia,  1886;  Interne,  New 
England  Hospital,  Boston,  1886-87;  studied  two  years  abroad,  at 
Vienna,  Stockholm,  Berlin  and  Paris ;  Certificate  in  Obstetrics, 
University  of  Vienna,  1888;  settled  at  Baltimore;  Instructor  in 
the  Woman's  College,  Baltimore;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hy- 
giene, Woman's  College,  1889-92;  Attending  Physician,  Home  for 
Mothers  and  Infants,  1890-92 ;  in  charge  of  Dispensary  for  Work- 
ing Women  and  Girls,  South  Baltimore,  1891-92;  married  and 
moved  West,  1892 ;  resided  at  Eugene,  Oregon ;  now  resides  at 
Woodland,    Washington. 

Halstead,  William  S.  1892.  Born  at  New  York  City,  1852.  A.B., 
Yale  University,  1874;  M.D.,  Columbia  College,  New  York,  1877; 
F.R.C.S.,  London  (Honorary),  1900;  Surgeon  Interne,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital,  1876-78;  House  Physician,  New  York  Hospital,  1878; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Columbia  College,  1881-84;  Attending 
Surgeon,  Bellevue,  Presbyterian  and  Roosevelt  Hospitals ;  Surgeon- 
.  in-Chief,  Emigrants'  Hospital,  Ward's  Island,  New  York;  Attend- 
ing Physiciani,  Charity  Hospital,  Blackwell  Island,  New  York; 
Professor  of  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893 — ;  Chief  of 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1889-95 1  Surgeon-in-Chief,  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  1889 — ;  special  work  in  Hernia  and  Cancer;  performed  the 
first  successful  ligation  of  the  first  portion  of  the  left  subclavian 
artery.     1201  Eutaw  Place,  Baltimore. 

Hamel,  p.  1846.  M.D.  See  list  of  1848.  (There  was  a  Hamel,  Ernest, 
M.D.,  University  of  Berlin,  1834,  in  Baltimore,  1886— Polk.) 

Hamill,  Robert  F.  1837.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1836;  said  to  have  resided  at  Leitersburg,  Washington  County,  Md. 
See  list  of  1848. 

*Hamilton,  Charles.  1831-32.  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md.  Died 
in  1871  (Q.).     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*PIamilton,  James.  Born  at  Paisley,  Scotland;  son  of  William  Ham- 
ilton. Emigrated  to  Baltimore  at  the  age  of  nine;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1838;  practiced  at  Baltimore  for  some  years; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1845.  Died  at  sea,  1854,  and  was 
buried  on  the  Coast  of  Japan. 

♦Hamilton,  James.  1874.  Born  in  Newcastle  County,  Del.,  March, 
1826.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1848;  began  practice  in  Kent  County,  Md., 
but  moved  to  Baltimore  in  1871.  Died  in  Delaware,  October  29,  1874- 

424 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Hamilton^  Thomas.  i8oi  (?).  Born  in  1764.  Surgeon,  Twenty- 
seventh  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia,  1814;  resided  at  Baltimore. 
Died  1824  (Q.).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the 
latter.  (A  Dr.  Hamilton  was  Deputy  Health  Officer  of  Baltimore, 
January,   1822 — Atnerican  Medical  Recorder,  April,   1822.) 

^Hamilton,  William  Augustus.  .  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April 
15,  1848.  Pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1869;  studied  in  hospitals  of  Berlin  and  Paris  for  two  years; 
practiced  at  Camden,  N.  J.,  for  five  years ;  settled  at  Baltimore, 
1886.    Died  at  Baltimore,  May  10,  1888. 

Hammett,  S.  B.  1891.  (This  was  probably  intended  for  Charles 
Maddox  Hammett,  who  was  educated  in  Maryland  and  practiced 
there  for  a  time;  M.D.,  Georgetown  University,  1854;  Health 
Officer  of  Washington,  D.  C,  1891-94;  died  at  Washington,  Novem- 
ber 22,  1898,  aged  63.  His  son.  Dr.  C.  M.  Ham.mett,  of  Washington, 
D.  C,  writes  that  there  was  never  any  other  Hammett  in  Maryland.) 

Hammond,  John  T.  1898.  Born  near  Berlin,  Worcester  County, 
Md.,  April  24,  1831.  Educated  at  Princeton  College;  M.D.,  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  1852 ;  in  constant  practice  since ;  resides  at 
Berlin,  Md. 

*Hammond,  Thomas  Lloyd.  1800.  Born  August  11,  1779.  A.B.,  St. 
John's,  1796  (Q.)  ;  said  to  have  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1799  (name  not  in  Catalogue)  ;  Censor,  Anne 
Arundel  County,  Md.,  1840  (Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Jour- 
nal, vol.  i).    Died  May  12,  1838.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

♦Hammond,  Matthias.  1808.  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See 
Medical  and  Physical  Recorder  and  list  of  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

*Hammond,  Nicholas.  1824.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  1795.  Married 
Annie  Caroline  Goldsborough,  1823;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1823.  "A  man  of  ability.  No  man  om  the  Eastern  Shore  so 
universally  esteemed.  Had  an  immense  funeral."  Died  at  Easton, 
Md.,  1831. 

*PIammond,  Thomas.  1823.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823. 
See  Treasurer's  Book  and  MS.  Archives. 

*Hammond,  William.     1811.     M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  x8ii. 

425 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Hammond,  William.  1825.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1821 ;  appointed  from  Maryland,  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  June  i,  1834;  Major  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
August  7,  1847.    Died  February  13,  185 1.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Hammond,  William  Alexander.  Born  at  Annapolis,  August  28,  1828; 
son  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Hammond.  M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1848 ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1849-59  ^rid  1861 ;  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy and  Physiology,  University  of  Maryland,  1860-61 ;  Surgeon- 
General,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-64 ;  Founder  of  the  Army  Medical  Museum 
and  Library,  and  suggested  "Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the 
Rebellion;"  dismissed,  1864;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and 
Nervous  System,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  and  the  University  of  New  York, 
successively,  1864-82;  Lecturer  at  the  University  of  Vermont;  re- 
stored to  the  service  as  Surgeon-General  (retired),  U.  S.  A.,  1879; 
Founder  of  the  Post-graduate  School,  New  York,  1882 ;  resigned, 
1888;  Superintendent,  Private  Sanitarium  for  Nervous  Diseases, 
Washington,  D.  C,  1888;  President,  American  Neurological  Asso- 
ciation; editor  of  several  journals;  author  of  numerous  works  on 
Nervous  and  other  diseases,  also  of  works  of  fiction.  Died  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  January  6,  1900. 

Hand,  Emanuel,  K.  J.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826. 
Of  Elkridge  Landing,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*Handy,  Jesse  T.  1833.  Born  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 
M.D.,  Washington  College,  Baltimore,  1833.     Died  at  Baltimore. 

*Handy,  Littleton  Dennis.  1835.  Bom  at  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  1808. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  began  practice  in  Louisiana; 
returned  to  Maryland  and  practiced  first  at  Snow  Hill ;  later, 
resided  in  Somerset  County,  Md. ;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court 
of  Somerset  County.     Died  near  Princess  Anne,  1856. 

*Handy,  Samuel  Kerr.  1821.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  Oc- 
tober 23,  1800.  Took  one  course  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  Censor,  1840;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1858-59;  a  prominent  phy- 
sician at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County.  Died  suddenly  of 
apoplexy,  at  Baltimore,  November  15,  1859  (Trans.,  American 
Medical  Association,  i860). 

426 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Handy,  Thomas  H.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824.  Of 
Wilmington,  Del.,  up  to  1848;  of  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County, 
Md.,  1853.     See  list  of  1848.       ', 

*Handy,  Washington  R.  1839.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
181 1.  Pupil  of  Drs.  W.  W.  Handy  (his  father),  Hall  and  Davidge; 
M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1834;  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery ; 
Dean,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1842-53 ;  author  of 
"A  Text-book  of  Anatomy  and  Guide  to  Dissection,"  Philadel- 
phia (two  editions),  1854  and  1856.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1857. 

*Handy,  William  W.  1817  (Q.).  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
1785.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md. ;  Medi- 
cal Pupil  of  Profs.  Davidge  and  Rush ;  Treasurer,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1817-34;  M.D.  (Honorary"),  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1819;  Founder  of  Washington  Medical  Col- 
lege, Baltimore,  1827;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children,  Washington  Medical  College,  1827-42 ;  Vice- 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1832-33 ;  President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical   Faculty,    1851-52.     Died  in  1865. 

*Hanford,  Apollo  B.  1820.  The  Treasurer's  receipt  for  license  has 
"Apollos."     See  list  of   1848. 

*Hank,  John  William  Fletcher.  1853.  Born  in  Ohio,  1826.  A.M., 
Dickinson,  1846;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1850;  resided 
at  Liberty,  Md.,  1850;  Physician  to  Maryland  Penitentiary  for 
several  years;  Vaccine  Physician,  1856-62.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
November  3,   1881. 

*Hannenkampf,  Arnold.  1809.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1808.    In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Hanson,  Grafton  D.  Born  in  the  District  of  Columbia ;  resided  at 
Bladensburg,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.  (Appointed  from 
the  District  of  Columbia,  Second  Lieutenant,  Eighth  Infantry, 
U.  S.  A.,  December  10,  1839;  First  Lieutenant,  December  31, 
1845;  resigned,  August  4,  1849 — Hammersley.     Is  this  the  above?) 

♦Hanson,  Walter.  1814.  Of  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County,  Md. 
(A  "Dr.  Walter  Hanson"  was  also  licensed,  1814.)  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

427 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 
Hardcastle,  Aaron  M.  1831.  Of  Carroll  County,  Md.  M.D.  (Archives.) 

Hardcastle,  Edward  M.  1845.  Born  at  "Castle  Hall,"  Caroline  County, 
Md.,  1819.  M.D.,  Jefferson  College,  1844;  resided  at  Trappe,  Tal- 
bot County,  Md. ;  now  resides  at  Easton,  Md.    See  MS.  Archives. 

i 

Hardcastle,  Edward  M.,  Jr.  Born  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md., 
December  10,  1867.  B.A.,  St.  John's,  1886;  M.A.,  St.  John's; 
Assistant  Teacher,  Easton  High  School,  1887;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1889;  took  Post-graduate  Courses  at  Philadelphia; 
settled  at  Abingdon,  Va.,  1891 ;  settled  'at  Easton,  1893;  Assistant, 
later  Principal,  Easton  High  and  Manual  Training  School; 
President,  Talbot  County  School  Board;  Deacon,  P.  E.  Church; 
Assistant   Rector,  Grace  P.  E.  Church,   New  York. 

Hardcastle,  Hughlett.  1896.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  November  21, 
1865.  M.E.,  Lehigh  University,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 189s ;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital, 
1895-97;  studied  at  Vienna  and  Berlin,  1897-98;  Demonstrator  of 
Diseases  of  Throat  and  Nose,  University  of  Maryland,  1899- 1901 ; 
Lecturer  of  same,  1901 — ;  Specialist  in  Nose  and  Throat  Diseases. 
513  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Hardcastle,  Jerome  Humphrey.  1895.  Born  at  Dayton,  O.,  March 
27,  1840.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia; 
M.D.,  Richmond  Medical  College,  1865 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
P.  A.  C.  S. ;  President  of  Cecil  County  Medical  Society;  resides 
at  Middletown,  Del. 

Harding,  Josiah.  1839.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1839. 
Of  Wheaton,  Montgiomery  County,  Md.  Last  entry  in  Polk,  1893. 
See  list  of  1848. 

*Harlan,  David.  1831.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  November 
30,  1809.  Educated  at  Rock  Run  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  John 
Archer,  1829;  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1831 ; 
practiced  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  1832-35 ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1835 ;  Surgeon,  1841 ;  Fleet  Surgeon,  1865 ;  Medical 
Director,  1871 ;  retired,  1871 ;  Visitor,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annap- 
olis. Died  at  Qiurchville,  Harford  County,  July  12,  1893.  See  list 
of  1848. 

Harlan,  Herbert.  1881.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  May  7, 
1856;  son  of  Dr.  David  Harlan.     A.B.,  St.  John's  College,  1877; 

428 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  1885;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1879;  Assistant  Demonstrator,  1880-85,  and  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, University  of  Maryland,  1886-90;  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
Eye  and  Ear,  Baltimore  University,  1890-93 ;  Professor  of  Diseases 
of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1896- 
1902;  Assistant  Surgeon,  1880,  and  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1890 — ;  Chairman  of  Medical  Execu- 
tive Committee,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital. 
516  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Harper,  James  Kent.  181  i.  Brother  of  Samuel  and  William  F. 
Harper.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810;  Censor,  1840; 
Physician  to  Queen  Anne's  County  Almshouse,  1813-56;  practiced 
at   Centerville,   Md.,   and  died  there,   1856. 

*Harper,  John.  1819.  Born  in  Ireland.  M.D.,  University  of  Glas- 
gow. Died  at  Baltimore,  January,  1831.  He  was  an  Oculist. 
See  Maryland  Medical  Recorder,  vol.  ii,  p.  179. 

1 

*Harper,  Robert  W.     1801   (?).     M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1815. 

Of  Piscataway,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

Harper,  Samuel.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827;  dropped 
in  1859  for  alleged  union  with  the  homoeopathists.  Of  Kent  Island, 
Md.,  1848;  of  Easton,  1853.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Harper,  William  F.  1818.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Harper,  of  Centerville, 
Queen  Anne's  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1817;  settled  in  practice  near  St.  Paul's  Church,  Kent  County, 
Md.  Died  about  1835.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead 
in  the  latter. 

*Harris,  Chapin  a.  1833.  Born  at  Pompey,  Onondaga  County, 
N.  Y.,  1806.  A.M.;  settled  in  Ohio;  later,  at  Baltimore;  pupil  of 
Dr.  H.  H.  Hayden;  Founder  of  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery, 1839  (the  first  in  the  world)  ;  M.D. ;  licensed  as  Dental  Sur- 
geon ;  partner  of  J.  H.  Harris ;  Professor  of  Practice  of  Dentistry, 
Baltimore  College  of  Dentistry,  1839-42;  a  Founder  of  the  American 
Society  of  Dental  Surgeons,  and  President,  1844;  author  of  first 
dental  text-book,  "Harris'  Principles  and  Practice  of  Dentistry," 
the  first  dental  dictionary,  and  Editor  of  the  first  dental  journal. 
The  American  Journal  of  Dental  Science,  1839-60;  also  Editor  of 
The  Guardian  of  Health,  1841.  Died  at  Baltimore,  i860.  (See  Hay- 
den, Horace  H.) 

429 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Harris,  James  H.  1833.  Partner  of  C.  A.  Harris;  M.D.,  licensed 
as  Dental  Surgeon.  Of  Baltimore.  Marked  dead  by  Fonerden, 
1837.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Harris,  John  Clements.  1870  (?).  Born  near  Dover,  Del.,  October 
II,  1836;  brought  up  in  Kent  County,  Md.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1862;  Vaccine  and  Police  Physician,  Baltimore,  1869-72. 
TJZ  West  Lexington   Street,  Baltimore. 

Harrison,  Archibald  Cunningham.  1899.  Born  in  Amelia  County, 
Va.,  January  6,  1864.  Educated  at  Hanover  Academy;  attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and  the  University  of  Mary- 
land; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887;  Resident  Physician, 
Bayview  Hospital,  1887-89;  practiced  at  Myersdale,  Pa.,  1889-97; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1897 ;  Instructor  in  Physical  Diagnosis, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  1897-98;  Professor  of  Physical  Diag- 
nosis and  Clinical  Medicine,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1898-1900; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1900 — ;  President,  Somerset  (Pa.)  County  Medical  Association; 
Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad ;  Visiting  Surgeon  to  City 
and  Bayviev^^  Hospitals.    3  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Harrison,  Elisha.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Cecil  County  (?),  Md., 
1762.  Surgeon's  Mate  in  the  Maryland  Line  in  the  Revolution  for 
one  and  a  half  years,  until  the  dissolution  of  the  Army ;  Member 
of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati  of  Maryland;  a  Founder  of  the  Medi- 
cal Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  1819.  Died  at  Washington, 
D.   C,   August  24,    1819. 

*Harrison^  William  Gilpin,  Jr.  1876.  Born  in  Hovi^ard  County,  Md., 
1842.  Graduate  from  St.  James  College,  Md.,  1861 ;  M.D.,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1864;  Lecturer  on  Normal  and  Mor- 
bid Histology,  Summer  School,  University  of  Maryland,  and 
Attending  Physician,  Special  Dispensary,  1866;  Medical  Examiner 
New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
August  30,  1895. 

I 

Harryman,  Harry  Gaunt.  1891.  Born  at  Baltinijore,  January  9, 
1865.  Graduated  from  the  City  College,  1881 ;  pupil  of  Dr.  Wilmer 
Brinton;  M.D.  and  Medalist,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888; 
Assistant,  Nose,  Throat  and  Chest,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1888-91 ;  Surgeon,  Ancient  Order  of  Foresters.  1512  East  Preston 
Street,  Baltimore. 

430 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Hart,  John  Beauregard.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  20,  1862; 
son  of  Thomas  A.  Hart.  Educated  at  Pen  Lucy  School;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1883;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hos- 
pital; Health  Officer,  Waverly;  Member  of  City  Council,  1889-91; 
Visiting  Physician,  City  Jail,  1891-93  and  1894-95.  Died  at  Shep- 
pard  and  Enoch  Pratt  Hospital,  near  Towson,  Md.,  June  29,  1901. 

*Hartman,  Andrew.  1853.  Born  at  Greencastle,  Franklin  County, 
Pa.,  May  4,  1818.  Educated  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg; 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1839;  settled  at  North 
Bloomfield,  O. ;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1845;  President,  Bahi- 
more  Medical  Association,  1868;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1872-73;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1863-65;  Examining  Physician,  Third  Congressional  Dis- 
trict of  Maryland  in  the  Draft  of  1862.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Decem- 
ber 15,  1884. 

Hartman,  George  Andrew.  1873.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  17, 
1851.  Graduated  from  the  City  College,  1868;  studied  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  1868-70;  medical  pupil  of  his  father  (Dr.  An- 
drew Hartman)  ;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Balt'.more,  1872 ; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1872-73;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  Baltimore 
University,    1885-88.     1121    North    Caroline   Street,    Baltimore. 

Hartman,  Jacob  Henry.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  15, 
1847.  Educated  at  Princeton  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869;  studied  at  Berlin,  Vienna, 
Paris  and  London,  1869-72;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Throat 
and  Chest,  Washington  University,  1874-77;  Attending  Surgeon, 
Baltimore  Throat  Dispensary  for  about  five  years  (1875-82)  ;  a 
Founder  and  Attending  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Charity  Hospital,  1882 — ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Hospital  for  Con- 
sumptives; Vice-President,  American  Laryngological  Association, 
1883-84  and  1890-91 ;  Specialist  in  Diseases  of  the  Nose,  Throat  and 
Chest.     5   West  Franklin   Street,   Baltimore. 

Hartwell,  Edward  Mussey.  1890.  Born  at  Exeter,  N.  H.,  May  29, 
1850.  A.B.,  Amherst  College,  1873;  A.M.,  Amherst,  1876;  Vice- 
Principal,  High  School,  Orange,  N.  J.,  1873-74;  Instructor  in 
Public  Latin  School,  Boston,  1874-77;  Fellow  in  Biology,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1879-80;  Ph.D.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1881;  M.D.,  Miami  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  1882;  Instructor 
and  Associate,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1883-91 ;  Director  of 
28  431 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Physical  Training  in  Boston  Public  Schools ;  Chief  of  Bureau  of 
Statistics,  Boston.     5  Brimmer  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Hartwig,  Charles  W.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  18,  1866. 
D.D.S.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1889;  Resident  Physician,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Charity  Hospital,  and  later.  Assistant  Surgeon  of  same  to  1899; 
Resident  Physician,  Demonstrator  and  Prosector  of  Anatomy,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland ;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital ;  Physi- 
cian, Health  and  Police  Departments  of  Baltimore;  Demonstrator 
of  Operative  and  Prosthetic  Dentistry  and  Demonstrator  of  Anaes- 
thetics, University  of  Maryland;  Professor  in  the  Post-graduate 
School  of  the  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat  Hospital ; 
Vaccine  Physician.     11 1  West  Saratoga  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Harwood,  Thomas  N.  1801  (?).  Of  Montgomery  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1807,  1848,  1853  and  1873.  (Quinan,  MS.,  has  a  "Har- 
vvrood,  Nicholas,  A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  1800;  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.") 

Hasson,  John.  1835.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1835.  Of 
Ohio.  See  list  of  1848.  (There  is  a  Hasson,  J.,  Corinth,  Miss. — 
Polk,  1893.) 

Hawkins,  Arthur.  1897.  Born  at  La  Plata,  Charles  County,  Md., 
December  27,  1868.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1895;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview^  Hospital,  1895-96; 
Resident  Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (Spring 
Grove),  1896-97;  resides  at  Cumberland,  Allegany  County,  Md. 

*Hawkins,  Hamilton  S.  1822.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1822;  resided  at  Baltimore;  appointed  from 
Maryland  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  November  22,  1824;  Major 
and  Surgeon,  July  4,  1836.  Died  August  7,  1847.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

*Ham^kins,  John  B.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of  Port 
Tobacco,  Charles  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Hawkins,  John  L.    1813. 

*Hayden,  Horace  H.  1810.  Born  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  October  13,  1769. 
Began  life  as  an  architect;  came  to  Baltimore,  1804;  Founder  and 

432 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Vice-President,  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature,  1826 ; 
M.D.  (Honorary),  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  1837; 
D.p.S.,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery;  invited  to  read  a 
course  of  lectures  to  the  medical  class,  University  of  Maryland,  1837 
(said  to  be  the  first  course  of  scientific  dental  lectures  ever  given)  ; 
Founder  of  the  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1839  (the  first 
separate  dental  school  ever  established),  and  Professor  of  Dental 
Physiology  and  Pathology,  1839-44;  Dean,  Baltimore  College  of 
Dental  Surgery,  1839-44;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Mary- 
/  land,  1840;  Founder  and  President,  American  Society  of  Dental  Sur- 
geons, 1840-44;  Surgeon  in  the  War  of  1812;  at  Battle  of  North 
Point,  1814;  author  of  "Geological  Essays,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1820.  He 
practiced  dentistry  about  forty-six  years ;  discovered  a  new  mineral, 
which  was  named  after  him,  "Haydenite;"  he  and  Dr.  Chapin  A. 
Harris  are  known  as  "The  Fathers  of  Dental  Science."  A  mural 
tablet  by  the  sculptor,  Ernest  W.  Keyser,  containing  portraits  of 
Drs.  Hayden  and  Harris,  was  dedicated  at  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, April  .^G,  1901.    Died  at  Baltimore,  January  26,  1844. 

Hayden,  Holliday  H.  1892.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md., 
August  22,  1869.  Educated  at  Centerville  Academy;  M.D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1892;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Physician,  City  Hospital,  1892-93 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bay- 
view  Hospital,  1893-94;  at  present  Visiting  Physician,  Bayview 
Hospital ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  and  Clinical  Medicine,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Associate  Professor  of  Human 
and  Comparative  Anatomy;  Vaccine  Physician.  1425  Light  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Hayes^  James.     M.D. ;   Censor,   1840.     Of  Washington  County,  Md. 

*Hayes,  John  J.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  Censor, 
1819.  Of  Washington  County,  Md.  Died  near  Sharpsburg,  Md., 
July,  1823  (Scharf).  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.  (A  Dr.  Hay  was 
licensed  1824.) 

Haynel,  a.  F.  1838.  M.D.,  Homoeopathic  Practitioner,  1848 ;  expelled 
from  the  Society,  1848,  for  unprofessional  conduct.  Of  Baltimore. 
See  Treasurer's  book. 

*Haynie,  Ezekiel.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Northumberland  County, 
Va.,  September  29,  1750;  son  of  Samuel  and  Judith  Haynie. 
moved  in  childhood  to   Salisbury,   Md. ;  there  educated  and  prac- 

433 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ticed  medicine  until  the  Revolution;  Surgeon's  Mate  (under  R. 
Pindell),  First  Maryland  Regiment  (Col.  O.  H.  Williams),  1779; 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Second  Maryland  Regiment,  1782;  Surgeon, 
Fifth  Regiment,  1783,  until  the  dissolution  of  the  Army;  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati  of  Maryland ;  after  the  Revolu- 
tion, settled  at  Snow  Hill,  Md. ;  in  a  short  time  moved  to  Princess 
Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.,  where  he  had  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice  until  his  death,  1803;  married  Bettie  Bayly;  of  this  union 
two   daughters  survived  and   married. 

*Haynie_,  Martin  Luther.  1801  (?).  Ordained  Priest  of  the  P.  E. 
Church  by  Bishop  White,  1789 ;  Rector  in  Worcester  County,  Md. 
Of  Chestertown,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848.  (Upon  invita- 
tion of  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland,  he  delivered  a 
series  of  lectures  on  duelling  to  the  students  of  that  institution — 
Q.  MS.) 

*Haynie.  L.  M.,  Jr.     Of  Mississippi.     In  list  of  1848    marked  dead. 

Hays,  Joseph  C.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824.  Of  Washing- 
ton County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Hays,   William.     Founder.     1799.     Of   Dorchester   County,    Md. 

*Healey,  Thomas  A.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1835 ;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Second  Maryland  Volunteers,  1861-65.  Died  at  Cum- 
berland, August  9,   1892. 

Hebb,  Thomas  William.  1854.  Born  at  Poplar  Hill,  St.  Mary's  County, 
Md.,  May  2,  1832;  son  of  William  Hillard  Hebb.  Educated  at  Char- 
lotte Hall  Academy  and  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
pupil  of  Dr.  John  M.  Roberts;  M.D.,  Columbian  College,  1853; 
practiced  at  Baltimore  till  1857,  taking  special  courses  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland ;  his  health  then  failed  and  he  returned  to 
St.  Mary's,  where  he  died  August  15,  1858.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

*Hebbard,  Ebenezer  Bradford.  1823.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Hecker,  Frederick  D.  1847.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of 
1848,  1853  and  1873. 


434 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Heldman,  Joel  Adam.  Born  at  Marburg,  Hessen,  November  20, 
1820.  Attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Marburg  about  1846- 
48:  settled  at  Baltimore,  1849,  and  practiced  here  until  his  death. 
Died  March  23,  1898. 

*Hellen,  Walter.  1824.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

*Helm,  Henry.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Denton,  Caroline  County,  Md. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Helm,  Meredith.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of 
Williamsport,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Helmsley,  William.  1831  (examination).  M.D.  (Honorary),  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1845.  Of  Caroline  County,  Md.  See  list  of  1848. 

Hem  meter,  John  C.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  25,  1864.  Educated 
at  the  Royal  Gymnasium,  Wiesbaden,  Germany,  1874,  and  Baltimore 
City  College,  1879-82;  graduate  of  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1884;  Ph.D.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1890;  Resident  Physician  in  charge  of  Bayview  Hospital,  1885- 
88;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1896-97;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Stomach  and  Director  of  the  Clinical  Laboratory,  University 
of  Maryland,  1897 — ;  Consulting  Physician,  University  Hospital; 
Vice-President  Gastro-Enterological  Association,  1899-1900;  author 
of  "Diseases  of  the  Stomach,"  etc.,  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1897;  second 
edition,  1900;  "Diseases  of  Intestines,"  2  vols.,  Philadelphia,  1901. 
1734  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Hempel,  John  Frederick.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  4,  1864. 
Educated  at  Knapp's  Institute ;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Phar- 
macy, 1885;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1894;  Lecturer  on 
Materia  Medica,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1896-98;  Sanitary  In- 
spector, 1896.     1 103  Valley  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Henderson,  Francis.     1801  (?).     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Henkel,  Charles  Bernard.  1892.  Born  at  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
February  16,  1870.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,   1889;   Medical   Examiner  of  Travelers,  and 

435 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

other  Life  Insurance  Companies;   President,  Maryland  Board  of 
Pharmacy,  1902.     Of  Annapolis,  Md. 

*Henkle,  Eli  J.  1878.  Born  in  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1850;  Member  of  Maryland  Legislature;  Member  of  the  State 
Convention,  1864;  Sanitary  Inspector  and  Superintendent  of  Vac- 
cination, 1883;  Member  of  Congress,  44th,  45th  and  46th  Con- 
gresses; registered  at  Chicago,  111.,  1893.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
November  i,  1893. 

*Henry,  Samuel  H.  1878.  Born  in  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1839;  practiced  from  1839  ^o^  about  forty  years  at  Elk- 
ridge  Landing,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  Of  the  Eastern  Shore 
of  Maryland.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  12,  1887. 

Hepburn,  James.  1837.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1823.  Of 
Harford  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Hepburn,  Samuel.  1801  (?).  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1807  and  1848. 

♦Herbert,  Robert.     1814.     See  list  of  1848. 

♦Herbert  Thomas  S.  1828.  Born  March  13,  1806.  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1828.  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  Died  April 
I,  1852.     See  list  of  1848. 

♦Herbert,  William  Paul.  1818.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
1797.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1818.  Died  at  Churchville. 
Harford  County,  Md.,  1821.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

♦Herdman,  Thomas  Jefferson.  1824.  Born  in  Delaware.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1823.  Of  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 
See  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

Hering,  Joseph  T.  1899.  Son  of  Joshua  W.  Hering.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1885.    Of  Westminster,  Md. 

Herman,  Henry.  1839.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

Herman,  Henry  S.  1890.  Born  at  Waynesboro,  Franklin  County, 
Pa.,   August   10,    1850;    son  of   George  D.    Herman.     Educated   at 

436 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  and  at  the  Universities  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1876;  Vice- 
President,  Washington  County  Medical  Society;  Medical  Exam- 
iner for  Fraternal  Societies  and  Life  Insurance  Companies;  Vac- 
cine Physician,  Hagerstown;  resides  at  Hagerstown. 

Herman,  Nathan.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  3,  1863.  M.D., 
Louisville  Medical  College,  1894;  Chief  of  the  Surgical  Clinic, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1896-99;  Lecturer  on  Bac- 
teriology and  Histology,  Baltimore  University.  1708  Madison 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Hermange,  Anthony.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of 
Maryland.     See  list  of  1848. 

Herring,  Arthur  P.  1898.  Born  at  Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  May  25, 
1875.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1896;  Assistant  in  Path- 
ology and  Prosector  in  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College. 
Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College. 
2039  McCulloh  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Herwig,  C.  p.  1801  (?).  M.D.  Died  at  Baltimore,  1810.  See  lists 
of  1807  and  1848. 

Hessey,  John  H.  1898.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  April  6,  1853. 
A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md. ;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1878;  resides  at  Hanesville, 
Kent  County,  Md. 

*Hewitt,  George  Washington.  1853.  Born  at  Middleburg,  Franklin 
County,  Pa.,  December  23,  1830.  Educated  at  Greencastle  Acad- 
emy; pupil  of  Prof.  S.  Chew;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1854;  settled  at  Franklin  Grove,  111.;  Surgeon,  Thirty-fourth  Regi- 
ment of  Illinois  Volunteers,  1861-65.    Name  not  in  Polk  since  1886. 

Heyde,  Eugene  W.  1892.  Born  at  Hancock,  Md.,  1870.  B.L.  and  A.M., 
St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892.  Of 
Parkton,  Md. 

Hickman,  Benjamin.  1819.  Of  Sharpsburg,  Washington  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848,   1853  and  1873. 

*Hilgartner,  Henry  L.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore  of  German  parent- 
age,  1868.     Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  B.S.,  University 

437 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  Texas;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889;  State  Oculist  of 
Texas,  1893 — ;  Founder  and  Executive  Surgeon  of  Austin  Sani- 
tarium, formerly  Texas  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital. 

HiLLj  Alexander.  1876.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  January  21,  1856;  son 
of  Alexander  Hill.  Educated  at  Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  and 
Georgetown  University;  A.B.,  Loyola,  1873;  A.M.,  1876;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1876;  Post-mortem  Examiner,  1882-84; 
Coroner,  1884-96;  Surgeon  to  Fire  Department  of  Baltimore, 
1888 — .    217  North  Liberty  Street,  Baltimore. 

Hill,  Charles  Geraldus.  1874.  Born  in  Franklin  County,  N.  C, 
October  31,  1849.  Educated  at  the  Academy  of  Louisburg,  N.  C. ; 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1870;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, City  Hospital,  1870-71 ;  settled  at  Arlington,  vi^here  he  still 
resides ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  189S ; 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1895-96;  Assistant 
Physician,  Mount  Hope  Retreat,  1881-86;  Physician  in  Chief, 
Mount  Hope  Retreat,  1886 — ;  Consulting  Physician,  Hebrew  Hos- 
pital and  Hospital  for  Consumptives,  Baltimore ;  Lecturer  on  Ner- 
vous and  Mental  Diseases,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1882;  later, 
Professor  of  Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases,  Baltimore  Medical 
College;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1885 — ;  President, 
Baltimore  County  Medical  Society,  1898-99.  Doctor  Hill  discov- 
ered the  comet,  June  23,  188 1. 

Hill,  Henry  F.  1881.  Born  in  Franklin  County,  Ala.,  December  25, 
1854.  Educated  at  State  Normal  School,  Florence,  Ala.;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1877.  looi  Edmondson  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

Hill,  John  Harvey.  1884.  Born  in  Lycoming  County,  Pa.  Educated 
at  Dickinson  Seminary,  Williamsport,  Pa.;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1867;  has  practiced  since  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine 
Physician,  1872-73.    807  North  Arlington  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*HiLL,  John  Shelton.  1876.  Born  in  Virginia,  1849.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1871;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hos- 
pital, 1871-72 ;  Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy,  Summer  Course, 
University  of  Maryland.  A  promising  surgeon,  and,  according 
to  Quinan,  the  first  to  employ  boric  acid  in  mucous  inflammations 
generally.     Died  at  Baltimore,  November  26,  1883. 

438 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

HtiLL,  William  N.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  30,  1856. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  Washington  Univer- 
sity, Baltimore,  1874.     1143  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*HiLLEARY,  William.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Fred- 
erick County,  Md.,  March  25,  1775;  son  of  John  and  Anne  Perry 
Hilleary.  Studied  under  Dr.  Philip  Thomas  for  three  years; 
never  graduated;  Surgeon  of  Colonel  R'agan's  Regiment,  War  of 
1812;  never  married;  educated  a  number  of  physicians  of  the 
western  part  of  Maryland.     Died  March   15,    1834. 

HiNEBAUGH,  Mahlon  C.  1899.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892. 
Of  Oakland,  Md. 

HiNES,  William  Franklin.  1890.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1856.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Chestertown; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1877;  Mem- 
ber of  the  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  for  four  years; 
Health  Officer  of  Kent  County,  Md.,  for  ten  years;  resides  at 
Chestertown,   Md. 

Hinman,  Ellsworth  H.  1899.  Born  near  Ellicott  City,  Howard 
County,  Md.,  December  2,  1861.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  Col- 
lege; M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1890; 
has  been  practicing  at  Lower  Marlboro,  Calvert  County,  Md., 
since  1892. 

*HiNTZE,  Frederick  E.  B.  1829.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1803;  son  of  Dr. 
Charles  Hintze.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  Treasurer, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1856-59;  Vice-President,  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  1864;  Member  of  the  City  Council  and 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Health  of  Baltimore  many  years.  Died 
at  Wilmington,  Del.,  October  12,  1865. 

Hirsh,  Jose  Lewis.  1898.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  September  12,  1871. 
Settled  at  Baltimore,  1889;  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1892; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1895 ;  Post-graduate  Course  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1895-96;  at  the  University  of  Berlin, 
1896-98;  Lecturer  on  Bacteriology,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
1898;  Demonstrator  of  Histology  and  Embryology,  University  of 
Maryland;  Professor  of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  University 
of  Maryland;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Pediatrics,  University  of  Mary- 
land.    1513  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

439 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hitch,  William.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  Censor, 
1830.  Of  Baltimore.  Is  credited  to  Somerset  County  by  Treas- 
urer, 1824.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Hitchcock,  Samuel.  1822.  Born  in  Vermont.  Appointed  from 
Alabama,  Brevet  Second  Lieutenant,  Infantry,  July  i,  1827; 
resigned,  December  19,  1827.     See  list  of  1848. 

*HiTT,  Willis  Washington.  1825.  Born  in  Bourbon  County,  Ky., 
February  11,  1801 ;  son  of  Rev.  Martin  Hitt.  Moved  to  Urbana, 
O.,  1815;  pupil  of  Dr.  Hickman,  of  Sharpsburg,  O.,  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1825;  settled  for  practice  at  Boonsboro, 
Md. ;  appointed  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  but  soon  resigned  and  resumed 
practice;  a  fev^^  years  later  moved  to  Hagerstown;  at  Convention 
of  1831,  Censor  of  Washington  County,  Md.  (American  Journal 
of  the  Medical  Sciences)  ;  moved  to  Indiana,  1830 ;  a  Founder  of 
Asbury  University,  Greencastle,  Ind.,  1837,  and  President  of  its 
Board  of  Trustees,  1861-62;  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  Vincennes  University  for  seventeen  years.  Died  at  Vincennes, 
Ind.,  August  18,  1876.     See  list  of  1848. 

Hoeach,  John  U.  1898.  Born  at  Green  Park,  Pa.,  October  19,  1855. 
A.B.,  Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1884;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
2229  North  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

*HoBBS,  Warner.  1810.  Born  November  22,  1787;  son  of  William 
Hobbs  of  Samuel.  Married  Elizabeth  Dorsey,  1816;  not  an  M.D. ; 
Surgeon,  Thirteenth  Regiment  of  Frederick  County  Militia,  May 
31,  1813;  resided  in  Frederick  County,  Md. 

Hocking,  George  H.  1883.  Born  at  Frostburg,  Md.,  1855.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1879;  Chief  Surgeon  to  Cumberland  and 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Mount  Savage,  Md.,  1882-97;  since  1897 
has  resided  at  Govanstown,  Md. 

*HocKiNG,  John  W.  1894.  Born  at  Frostburg,  Md.,  1857.  Attended 
lectures,  Rush  Medical  College  and  University  of  Maryland; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884.  Died  at  Govanstovv^n,  Md., 
1897. 

HoDGDON,  Alexander  Lewis.  1889.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  June  23, 
i860.     M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,   1884;  Dispensary  Physician 

440 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

for  Nervous  Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Vis- 
iting Physician  to  the  Home  for  the  Aged,  Baltimore;  Professor 
of  Nervous  Diseases  and  Diseases  of  the  Mind,  Maryland  Medical 
College,  1898;  Neurologist  to  the  Home  for  the  Aged,  1898.  P. 
O.,  Fishing  Point,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 

HoEN,  Adolph  G.  1880.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  28,  1853. 
Educated  at  Loyola  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873; 
Instructor  in  Photo-Micrography,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1895-97;  in  charge  of  Clinical  Laboratory,  Pasteur  Sanitarium, 
Sufferin,  N.  Y.     713  York  Road,  Baltimore. 

Hoffmann,  Robert.  1895.  Born  in  Germany,  June  4,  1859.  M.D., 
University  of  Wiirzburg,  1884.     1325  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Holland,  Joseph  W.  1899.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md., 
December  22,  1869.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Chester- 
town,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1896;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Physician,  University  Hospital,  1896-98;  Assistant  Superin- 
tendent, University  Hospital,  1898-99;  Chief  Resident  Physician, 
Bayview  Asylum,  1899;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery,  University 
of  Maryland,  1900;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  and  Lecturer,  1892. 
Linden  Avenue  and  McMechen  Street,  Baltimore. 

*HoLLiNGSWORTH,  Parkin.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825. 
Of  Washington  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*HoLLOWAY,  T.  A.  J.  i8g8.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians,  Keokuk,  la. 
1858.  Of  Bishopville,  Worcester  County,  Md.  Died  about  1898, 
aged  about  70. 

Holmes,  Louise  D.  1898.  Born  in  Guilford  County,  N.  C.  A.B., 
Greensboro  Female  College,  N.  C. ;  A.M.,  National  Normal  Uni- 
versity, Ohio;  M.D.,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  O. ; 
M.D.,  Laura  Memorial  Woman's  Medical  College,  Cincinnati, 
1896;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Gynaecology,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1897-98;  Demonstrator  of  Chemistry,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  1897 ;  Attending  Physician,  Evening  Dispensary  for  Work- 
ing Women,  1897;  after  practicing  at  Baltimore  for  several  years 
moved  to  Mississippi  in  1902. 

*HoLMES,  Oliver.  1819.  A  Dentist  of  Baltimore.  Secretary's  book 
says  he  was  licensed  in  1827 ;  Member  American  Society  of  Dental 
Surgeons,  1840.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

441 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*HoLT,  John  H.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1853.  Of 
Wye  Mills,  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  of  Caroline  County,  Md.,  1848. 
See   list  of   1848. 

Hooper,  Morton  Lake.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  7,  1857. 
Educated  at  Bryant,  Stratton  and  Sadler's  Business  College;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1887;  Chief  of  Qinic  of  Obstetrics 
and  Gynaecology,  1887-88.     1013  Light  Street,  Baltimore. 

HooPMAN,  S.  V.  1886.  Born  at  Avondale,  Harford  County,  Md.,  Octo- 
ber 6,  1858;  son  of  Jacob  W.  Hoopman.  A.B.  1880,  and  later  A.M., 
University  of  Kentucky;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1882 ;  practiced  at  Baltimore,  1882-88 ;  Professor  of  Pathol- 
ogy, Baltimore  University,  1885-88;  Post-mortem  Surgeon,  first 
ten  v^^ards  of  Baltimore,  1883-88;  in  1889,  his  health  failing,  he 
removed  tO'  California,  remaining  five  years ;  then  went  to  Europe, 
studying  in  hospitals  of  London,  Berlin,  Vienna  and  Paris ;  settled 
at  Chester,  Pa.,  1896,  practicing  there  ever  since ;  President  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  Chester,  Pa.,  1899 — . 

Hopkins,  Howard  H.  1887.  BoTn  at  Baltimore,  February  2,  1848. 
Educated  at  Maryland  Agricultural  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,    1869.     Of   Newmarket,    Frederick   County,    Md. 

*Hopkins,  Joel.  1814.  Born  at  Deer  Creek,  Harford  County,  Md., 
November  9,  1784;  son  of  Levin  Hill  Hopkins,  civil  engineer.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  removed  tO'  Baltimore,  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
business ;  lost  an  eye  from  yellow  fever  in  the  epidemic  of  1800 ; 
while  thus  engaged  became  pupil  of  Dr.  Potter;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1815 ;  settled  at  Elkridge  Landing,  Howard  County, 
Md.,  1818,  which  was  then  a  rival  of  Baltimore;  Censor,  1826; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1854-55  a-"d 
1857-58;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1841-48  and 
1858-59. 

Hopkins,  John  C.  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1863.     Of  Harford  County,  Md.     See  Sun,  June  6,  1863. 

*Hopkins,  Richard.  Founder.  1799.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1785  (?)  (there  is  a  Hopkins  in  the  Catalogue  of  that  year). 
"He  was  very  eccentric,  and  had  the  reputation  of  effecting  some 
miraculous  cures."  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  Died  about 
1830-35,  at  a  great  age.    See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

*HoPKiNS,  Thomas  C.  1854.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D..  University 
of  Maryland,  1830.     Of  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.     Died  after  i860. 

442 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hopkins,  William  Worthington.  Born  at  Havre  de  Grace,  Md., 
November  26,  1836.  Educated  at  Delaware  College;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1858;  President,  Harford  County  Medical  Society, 
1878.     Of  Havre  de  Grace,  Md. 

HoPKiNSON,  B.  Merrill.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  18, 
1858.  D.D.S.,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1880;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1885 ;  a  Specialist  in  Oral  Surgery.  5  West 
Saratoga  Street,   Baltimore. 

Horn,  August.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  30,  1868.  Educated  at 
Milton  Academy,  Marston's  University  School  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Associate  Pro- 
fessor, Dermatology  and  Diseases  of  Children,  Baltimore  Univer- 
sity ;  Police  Surgeon  and  Vaccine  Physician  for  seven  years ;  Phy- 
sician to  Augsberg  Home  for  the  Aged.  732  West  Mulberry  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*HoRN,  Louis  C.  1892.  Born  at  Braunfels,  Germany,  June  2,  1840. 
Emigrated  to  Baltimore,  1855 ;  educated  at  Knapp's  School ; 
Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1863;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1869;  Vaccine  Physician,  1872-73;  Member  of  City 
Council,  Baltimore,  1890-91 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children 
and  Dermatology,  Baltimore  University,  1888+.  Died  at  Aiken, 
S.  C,  October  23,  1898. 

*HoRSAY,  John  A.  E.  1836.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831.  Of 
Virginia.  Died  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  September  27,  1841. 
See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

'•'Horsey,  James  B.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Of 
Worcester  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead,  but  name 
in  Trans.,  1857. 

*HoRSEY,  Lazarus.  1810.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809. 
Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Horton,  William  L.  1828.  Practiced  for  twenty  years  in  New 
York  State;  located  at  "Woodlawn,"  near  Bush,  Harford  County, 
Md.,  March  2,  1828 ;  Censor  of  Harford  County,  1840.  See  lists 
of  1848,   1853  and  1873. 

*HoRWiTZ,  Jonas.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1815. 
"A  fine  linguist  and  Orientalist"   (Scharf).     Taught  school  at  Bal- 

443 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

timore.     Died  at  Baltimore,   1852.     See  Treasurer's  book  and  list 
of  1848. 

*HoucK,  Jacob  W.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1823.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1842;  studied  at  the  City  Almshouse;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician in  1846;  Commissioner  of  Health,  Baltimore,  1855+ ;  Phy- 
sician to  City  Jail  and  Marine  Hospital ;  President,  Alumni  As- 
sociation, University  of  Maryland,  1879.  Died  at  Baltimore,  May 
22,  1888. 

*HowARD,  Edward  Lloyd.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  14,  1837.  Stu- 
dent of  Dr.  Charles  Frick,  1857;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1861;  a  private  in  C.  S.  A.,  1861;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  later  of  Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica, 
Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1868-81 ;  Professor  of  Physi- 
ology and  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1872-81 ; 
Secretary,  Maryland  State  Board  of  Health,  1874-76;  President, 
Maryland  State  Board  of  Health.  1876-81;  Resident  Physician, 
Marine  Hospital,  1876-81 ;  Peabody  Lecturer,  1870 ;  Commissioner 
on  yellow  fever  in  the  South,  1879;  Editor,  Baltimore  Medical 
Journal,  1870.     Drowned  at  Baltimore,  September  5,  1881. 

^Howard,  Henry.  1801  (?).  Born,  1773.  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Regi- 
ment, 1807  (Q.)  ;  Surgeon,  Thirty-ninth  Regiment  Maryland  Militia, 
1814.    Died  at  Baltimore,  1817. 

*Howard,  Henry.  1812.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  May  28, 
1792;  son  of  Joshua  Howard.  Educated  at  Frederick  Academy; 
pupil  of  Doctor  Warfield;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1837; 
practiced  at  Brookville,  Md.,  1813-37;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  University  of  Maryland 
(Trustees'  School),  1837-39;  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence, 
Obstetrics  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of  Virginia,  1839- 
67;  for  fifteen  to  twenty  years  previous  to  1867  had  withdrawn 
from  practice  to  devote  himself  exclusively  to  teaching;  President, 
Citizens  National  Bank,  Charlottesville,  1867-74.  Died  at  Char- 
lottesville, March  2,   1874. 

*HowARD,  William.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1794;  son  of  Col.  John 
Eager  Howard.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817;  studied  in 
hospitals  of  Paris ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1818-20  (?);  Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy,  University 
of  Maryland,  1820-21 ;  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Academic 
Department,  University   of   Maryland;   Civil   Engineer;   later,   was 

444 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  United  States  Topographical  Engineers;  took  out  first  patent 
for  a  locomotive  in  the  United  States.  Died  at  Baltimore,  August 
25,  1834. 
Howard,  William  Lee.  1891.  Born  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  November 
I,  i860.  A.M.,  Amherst  College,  Massachusetts,  1882;  M.B.,  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh,  1884;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, New  York,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Vermont,  1890;  Vice- 
President,  Med.-Leg.  Society,  New  York,  1895;  Chairman,  Med.- 
Leg.  Congress,  London,  189S ;  author  of  ^"Iceland  to  Africa,"  8vo, 
London,  1892;  "The  Dipsomaniac,"  8vo'  New  York,  1899;  "The 
Perverts,"  8vo,  1901 ;  engaged  in  Psychological  work.  1126  North 
Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

Howard  William  Travis.  1874.  Born  in  Cumberland  County,  Va., 
January  12,  1821.  Educated  at  Hampden-Sidney  and  Randolph- 
Macon  Colleges;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Peter  Mettauer  of  Virginia; 
studied  at  the  University  of  Maryland  and  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege; M.D.,  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  1844;  practiced  in  Warren 
County,  N.  C. ;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1866;  Lecturer  on  Auscultation 
and  Percussion,  Summer  Course,  University  of  Maryland,  and  At- 
tending Physician,  Special  Dispensary,  1866;  Assistant  Professor  of 
Physiology,  1866-67;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, University  of  Maryland,  1867-97  (this  was  the  first  separate 
chair  on  these  branches  in  the  United  States)  ;  a  Founder  of  the 
American  Gynaecological  Association,  and  its  President,  1884-85; 
a  Founder  of  Baltimore  Obstetrical  and  Gynaecological  Society, 
1885,  and  its  President,  1886-87 ;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1902;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Union 
Protestant  Infirmary,  and  Hebrew  Hospital;  a  Founder,  and  Sur- 
geon of  the  Hospital  for  the  Women  of  Maryland ;  his  lectures  were 
reported  by  his  students  and  printed  in  book  form.  802  Madison 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Howard,  William  Travis,  Jr.  1892.  Born  at  Statesburg,  S.  C, 
March  13",  1867.  Educated  at  Hanover  Academy  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889;  graduate 
student,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889-94;  Professor  of  Pathol- 
ogy, Western  Reserve  University,  Cleveland,  O. ;  Pathologist  to 
Lakeside  and  City  Hospitals,  Cleveland;  Vice-President,  Asso- 
ciation of  American  Pathologists  and  Bacteriologists,  1901 ;  resides 
at  Cleveland,  O. 

*Howell,  George.  1814.  See  Treasurer's  MS.  list  and  Archives  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 

445 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Howell,  William  H.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  20,  i860. 
A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1881 ;  LL.D.  (Honorary),  Trinity 
College,  Connecticut,  1901 ;  Ph.D.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1884;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  1890;  Fellow,  1882-84;  Assistant  in  Biology, 
Johns  Hopkins  University;  Associate  in  Biology,  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  Associate  Professor  of  Physiology,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity; Lecturer  and  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Histology,  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  1889-92;  Associate  Professor  of  Physiology, 
Harvard  University,  1892-93 ;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1893 — ;  Dean  of  the  Medical  Faculty,  1899 — ; 
author  of  "Dissection  of  the  Dog;"  Editor  and  part  author  of 
"American  Text-Book  of  Physiology ;"  Co-Editor,  Journal  of  Phys- 
iology, London;  Journal  of  Experimental  Medicine,  New  York; 
American  Journal  of  Physiology,  Boston.  232  West  Lanvale  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*HowLAND,  John  M.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823; 
practiced  at  Baltimore,  1826;  later,  in  Illinois.     See  list  of  1848. 

*HoxTON,  John  T.  1821.  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md.  Not  a 
graduate.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

HucK,  John  G.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1852.  Ph.G.,  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy,  1875;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1883.     647  West  Lafayette  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*HuDS0N,  Robert  H.  (or  W.).  1813.  Of  Newmarket,  Frederick 
County,   Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

HuET,  AuGUSTiN.  1839.  M.D.  ("Whose  filthy  and  obscene  adver- 
tisements constantly  fill  the  columns  of  our  daily  journals — an  insult 
to  common  decency  and  subversive  of  good  morals" — Report  of 
Board  of  Examiners  of  the  Western  Shore,  1848)  ;  expelled  from 
the  Society,  1848,  for  unprofessional  conduct.     Of  Baltimore. 

*HuGHES,  Ellis.  Born  in  Maryland.  A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  An- 
napolis, 1830;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1834;  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland  (Trustees'  School),  1837-38; 
appointed  from  Maryland,  Assistant  Surgeon,  U  S.  A.,  August 
21,   1838;   resigned,  July  31,   1840. 

*HuGHS,  George.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819.  Of  Newmar- 
ket, Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Humes,  Mareen  D.  1899.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
February  5,    185 1.     Educated  at  St.   Clement's  Hall  and  the  Uni- 

446 


HORATIO    G.   JAMESON 

1778-1855. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versity  of  Virginia ;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1873 ;  Resident 
Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1873-74;  studied  three  years  at  Paris 
and  Vienna;  practiced  several  years  at  Baltimore;  after  two  years 
spent  in  Colorado  and  Wyoming  for  his  health,  settled  in  Prince 
1   George  County;  resides  at  Upper  Marlboro,  Md. 

*HuMPHREYS,  Cathel.  Bom,  March  23,  1797.  Graduated  about  1818- 
20;  practiced  and  died  at  Salisbury,  Md.  His  second  wife  (1843) 
was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Huston,  Founder.  "A  politician  of 
some  note  and  a  public  speaker."  Died  September  12,  1866.  See 
list  of  1856. 

HuMRicHOUSE,  J.  W.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1849.  A.M.,  Penn- 
sylvania College,  Gettysburg,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1873;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1891-92; 
resides   at  Hagerstown,   Md. 

Hundley,  J.  Mason.  1890.  Born  in  Virginia,  February  3,  1858.  Ph.G., 
Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1878;  M.D.,  and  Examination 
Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1882;  Clinical  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  University  of  Maryland.  1009  Cathedral  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*HuNGERF0RD,  Thomas  B.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822;  Censor. 
Of  Calvert  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Hunt,  Reid.  1899.  Born  in  Ohio,  1870.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1891 ; 
Assistant,  Johns  Hopkins;  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins,  1894-96;  PkD., 
Johns  Hopkins,  1896;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1896;  Instructor  in  Physiology,  College  of  Physicians, 
New  York,  1896-98;  Associate  in  Pharmacology,  Johns  Hopkins, 
1899-1901 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Pharmacology,  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1901 — ;  work  chiefly  with  circulation.  1314  McCuUoh 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*HuNT^  Henry.  About  1807.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1782. 
Practiced  in  Calvert  County;  entered  the  United  States  Navy; 
Surgeon,  United  States  Hospital,  Burlington,  1812-14;  settled  at 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  Physician  to  five  successive  Presidents ;  Presi- 
ident,  Board  of  Health,  D.  C. ;  a  Founder  of  the  Medical  So- 
ciety of  the  District  of  Columbia,  1819;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1824.     Died  at  Washington,  1838. 

HuRD,  Henry  Mills.     1890.     Born  at  Union  City,  Mich.,  May  3,  1843. 
Educated  at  the  University  of  Michigan;  A.B.,  1863;  M.D.,  1866; 
29  447 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A.M.,  1870;  LL.D.,  1895;  Assistant  Superintendent,  Michigan  Asy- 
lum, Kalamazoo,  1870-78 ;  Superintendent,  Eastern  Michigan  Asy- 
lum, Pontiac,  1878-89 ;  Superintendent,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
1889 — ;  Professor  of  Psychiatry,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1893 — ;  President,  American  Academy  of  Medicine,  1896;  author 
of  "Hospitals,  Dispensaries  and  Nursing"  (with  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings), 
1894;  "Suggestions  to  Hospital  and  Asylum  Visitors"  (with  Dr. 
J.  S.  Billings),  1895;  Editor  of  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin, 
1890 — ;  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Reports,  1890 — ;  Co-Editor,  Amer- 
ican Journal  of  Insanity,  1894 — .  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Balti- 
more. 

*HusT0N,  John.  Founder.  i7gg.  Born  February  20,  1768.  Mar- 
ried Sarah  Dashiell,  December  3,  1800;  they  had  four  daughters, 
no  sons.  Died  at  Salisbury,  Somerset  County,  Md.,  January  23, 
1828.  Mrs.  Belle  H.  Jones,  of  Salisbury,  his  granddaughter,  has 
his  silhouette.  (A  John  Houston  took  M.B.  at  the  College  of  Phila- 
delphia,   1769.) 

*HuTTNER,  John  Frederick.  1822.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

*Hyland^  Henry.  1813.  Born  in  1788.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1812;  Censor,  1826;  practiced  at  St.  Peter's,  Somerset 
County,  Md.     Died  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  June  17,  1852. 

Hyland,  Henry  Ayres.  1892.  Born  at  Moundsville,  Marshall  County, 
W.  Va.,  August  15,  1854.  Educated  at  Parkersburg  Academy;  gra- 
duated from  Bryant,  Stratton  and  Sadler's  Commercial  College,  1873 ; 
engaged  in  drug  business,  Hyndman,  Pa.,  for  nine  years ;  studied 
at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  and  Balti- 
more University;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1892;  Assistant  in 
Chemistry  and  Dispensary  Physician,  Baltimore  University.  1435 
North  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

Iglehart,  James  Davidson.  1877.  Born  at  Davidsonville,  Anne  Arun- 
del County,  Md.,  October  6,  1850.  B.A.,  St.  John's  College,  1872; 
M.A.,  St.  John's,  1876;  student  of  Dr.  William  P.  Bird;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1875 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asy- 
lum, 187s;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railfoad,  andi  Visiting 
Surgeon,  University  Hospital,  1880 — ;  Surgeon,  Mexican  Veteran 
Association ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fifth  Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  1898. 
211  West  Lanvale  Street,  Baltimore. 

448 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Iglehart,  Joseph.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Davidsonville,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853. 

Iglehart,  Nathan  Edmondson  Berry.  1897.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  March  15,  1867 ;  son  of  Thomas  S.  Iglehart.  Educated 
at  the  College  of  St.  James,  Washington  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1889 ;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Univer- 
sity Hospital,  1889-gi  ;  Chief  of  Medical  Clinic,  University  of 
Maryland,  1891-94;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Hospital  for  Crippled  and 
Deformed  Children,  1896-99;  Clinical  Assistant  Surgeon,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary,  1895-1900;  Assistant  in  Surgery, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1900 — .  16  West  Preston  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

Ingle,  Joseph  Low^rie.  1883.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  August 
16,  1846.  Educated  at  Phillips'  Academy  and  the  University  of 
Virginia;  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Universities  of  Vir- 
ginia and  New  York,  graduating  at  latter,  1871 ;  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Bayview  Asylum;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association, 
1888-89;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  Mary- 
land, 1893,  and  President,  1896;  Consulting  Physician,  Home  for 
Epileptics,  Port  Deposit.     1007  West  Lanvale  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Inloes,  Henry  Augustus.  1833,  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  4, 
181 1.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  studied  law  under 
Reverdy  Johnson;  pupil  of  Dr.  Alex.  Qendinen;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1833.    Died  at  Baltimore,  May  28,  1874. 

*Ireland,  David  Caldwell.  1877.  Born  at  Annapolis,  May  4,  1844. 
Educated  at  St.  John's  College ;  studied  under  Dr.  A.  Claude ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867;  began  practice  at  An- 
napolis ;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1869 ;  President,  Medical  Board  of 
Pension  Examiners,  1893 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873-75 ;  Coroner  of 
Baltimore  for  four  years;  Member  of  both  Branches  of  the  City 
Council ;  President,  North  East  Clinical  Society,  1876-77.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  January  14,   1901. 

^Ireland,  Joseph.  Founder.  1799.  Censor,  1819.  Of  St.  Leonard's 
Creek,  Calvert  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 
(Ireland,  John,  of  Maryland,  attended  Qinical  Lectures  at  the 
Pennsylvania   Hospital,    Philadelphia,    1769-70.) 

449 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Irons,  Edward  Pontney.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  12,  1824.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  James  Irons;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1865;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1865 ;  after  the  War,  practiced  for  three 
years  in  the  South,  then  settled  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physician, 
Baltimore,    1873.     1835   East   Baltimore    Street,    Baltimore. 

*Irving,  Handy  Harris.  1810.  Son  of  Dr.  Levin  Irving,  Founder. 
M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1810  (?);  Censor,  1822; 
on  the  Board  of  Examiners,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1816-26;  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  after  a  successful  career  as 
physician,  studied  law  and  became  prominent  also  in  that  profession. 
Of  Salisbury,  Somerset  County,  Md.  Died  in  1831.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

*Irving,  Levin.  Founder.  1799.  Born  September  5,  1752;  son  of 
George  Irving.  Married  Leah  Handy,  daughter  of  George 
Handy,  January  i,  1777,  and  had  two  sons.  Dr.  William  Irving 
and  Dr.  Handy  Harris  Irving;  resided  in  Somerset  County,  Md. 
Died  April  8,  1807.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

*IrvinGj  William.  1801  (?).  Son  of  Dr.  Levin  Irving,  Founder. 
Died  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  1808.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

Jackes,  L.\uncelot.  1801  (?).  Of  Hancock,  Washington  County, 
Md.     See  list  of   1807,   1848  and  1853. 

Jackson,  Charles  R.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Baltim.ore  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Jackson,  Elijah.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Philadelphia.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  McWilliams,  of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  where 
he  practiced  medicine,  and  died  when  quite  young;  left  one 
daughter,  who  married  Gen.  James  Forrest  in  1819.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

*Jackson_,  William.  1805  (?).  Censor,  1819  and  1840 ;  Registrar  of 
Wills ;  did  not  practice  in  his  later  years.  Of  Dorchester  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

Jackson,  William  Andrew,  Jr.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  Septem- 
ber 4,  1863.     Certificate  of  Graduate  Course  in  Gymnastics,  Health 

450 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Culture,  etc. ;  educated  at  Columbian,  Georgetown  and  Harvard 
Universities ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1896;  Director  of  Physical  Culture,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  Northampton,  Mass.,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Williston 
Seminary,  Easthampton,  Mass. ;  Assistant  Curator  of  Osteology, 
Smithsonian  Institute,  Washington ;  Resident  Physician,  Director 
of  Physical  Culture,  and  Professor  in  Charge  of  Dormitory  Dis- 
cipline, Georgia  Schxx)l  of  Technology;  author  of  "Graphic 
Methods  in  Anthropometry,"  "Manual  of  Physical  Culture," 
"Preparation  for  Motherhood;"  perfected  and  named  the  morpho- 
graph  and  invented  tracers;  resides  at  388  West  Peachtree  Street, 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

Jacobs,  Christopher  C.  1890.  Born  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va., 
November  16,  1850.  Educated  at  West  Virginia  University;  M.D., 
Bellevue,  1886;  attended  Post-graduate  Medical  School  and  Hos- 
pital, New  York,  1892;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Sur- 
geons,  1897 — ;    resides   at   Frostburg,   Md. 

Jacobs,  Ferris.     1831.     M.D.     Of  Washington  City.     See  list  of  1843. 

Jacobs,  Henry  Barton.  1893.  Born  at  South  Scituate,  Mass.,  June 
2,  1858.  A.B.,  1883,  and  M.D.,  1887,  Harvard;  Assistant  in  Botany, 
Harvard  University;  Resident  Physician,  Massachusetts  General 
Hospital,  1887-88;  came  to  Baltimore,  1888;  Instructor  in  Medicine, 
Johns  Hopkins  University;  Associate  in  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1901 — ;  American  Secretary,  International  Medicd 
Congress,  Paris,  1900;  Consiulting  Physician,  Hospital  for  Con- 
sumptives.    3  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Jacobs,  James  Kent  Harper.  1886.  Born  at  Centerville,  Queen 
Anne's  County,  Md.,  February  11,  1856;  son  of  William  H.  Jacobs. 
Educated  at  Centerville  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1877;  practiced  at  Kennedyville,  Kent  County,  1877-97;  since 
that  has  practiced  at  Centerville;  Medical  Examiner  for  several 
Life  Insurance  Companies ;  a  Founder  and  Director  of  the  Second 
National  Bank  of  Chestertown.  Died  at  Centerville,  December  18, 
1901. 

Jamar,  John  Henry.  1880.  Born  at  Elkton,  July  22,  1840.  Grad- 
uated from  Rugby  Institute,  Baltimore ;  pupil  of  Dr.  H.  H. 
Mitchell;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861 ;  Wilson  Ma- 
ternity   Hospital;    Resident    Physician,    Philadelphia    Hospital    for 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

two  years ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U  S.  A.,  1863-65 ;  President,  Board 
of  Pension  Examiners  for  eight  years ;  Physician  to  Jail  and 
Almshouse  for  six  years ;  President,  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland 
Medical   Association ;   resides  at   Elkton,  Md. 

*James,  Francis.  i8oi(?).  Of  Quantico,  Somerset  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

James,  Jacob  B.  1834.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853 
and  1873. 

James,  John.  1818.  Of  Somerset  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

James,   Samuel.     1815.     Of  Washington,  D.  C.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Jameson,  Horatio  Gates.  1813.  Born  at  York,  Pa.,  1778.  Pupil  of 
his  father  (Dr.  David  Jameson)  ;  began  practice  in  1795;  practiced 
at  Wheeling,  1799-1801 ;  later,  in  Pennsylvania;  attended  lectures 
at  Baltimore,  where  he  settled  about  1810 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1813 ;  Surgeon,  General  Hospital,  U.  S.  A.,  Baltimore, 
1814;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Hospital,  1814-35;  Physician  to  Jail; 
Consulting  Physician,  Board  of  Health,  1821-35 ;  Founder  and 
President,  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1827;  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery,  Washington  Medical  College,  1827-35 ;  visited 
Europe,  1830;  First  President  and  Professor  of  Surgery,  Ohio 
Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  1835-36;  returned  to  Baltimore, 
1836;  removed  to  York,  Pa.,  1854;  Member  of  the  Philosophical 
Societies  of  Berlin,  Moscow,  etc. ;  Editor  of  Maryland  Medical 
Recorder,  Baltimore,  1829-33 ;  author  of  "Lectures  on  Fevers,'' 
8vo,  1817;  "American  Domestic  Medicine,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1817, 
second  edition,  1818 ;  "Yellow  Fever,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1825 ;  "Trea- 
tise on  Cholera,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1854;  he  was  one  of  the  ablest 
surgeons  of  his  day.     Died  at  New  York  City,  August  24,  1855. 

*Jameson,  Jesse.  1805  (?).  Pupil  of  John  Archer,  M.B.,  1790-91; 
practiced  near  Bryantown,  Charles  County,  Md. ;  one  of  the  most 
eminent  physicians  of  the  county.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked  dead  in  the   latter. 

*Jameson  (or  Jamieson),  Luke.  1801  (?).  L.M.  Of  Charles  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848,  1853  and  1873. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Jameson,  Rush.  1827.  Born  at  ^Adams  Town,  Lancaster  County, 
Pa.,  February  20,  1803.  Pupil  of  his  father  (H.  G.  Jameson)  ;  M.D., 
and  Gold  Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1827;  entered  the 
service  of  the  Republic  of  Texas  in  1836  as  Surgeon.  Died  at 
Columbia,  Tex.,  December  3,   1836. 

*Jamison,  Charles.  1826.  L.M.  Of  Charles  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Jamison,  William  D.  1847.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845 ; 
Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1847;  Delegate  to  National  Con- 
vention, 1849.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Janney,    Israel.     1801    (?).     Of    Baltimore.     See   lists    ol    1807    and 


Jarrett,  Harry  S.  1893.  Born  at  Jarrettsville,  Harford  County,  Md., 
November  29,  i860.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1884;  Sanitary  Inspector,  Baltimore  County;  Physician 
to  the  Jail  at  Tow^son,  where  he  resides. 

Jay,  John  G.  1884.  Bom  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  June  26,  1848. 
Educated  at  Newark  (Del.)  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1871 ;  at  Paris  and  Vienna,  1872-73 ;  Lecturer  in  the  Spring 
Course,  University  of  Maryland,  1877-81 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Operative  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1882-91 ;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1891- 
1902;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fourth  Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  1896-98; 
Clinical  Lecturer  on  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland;  Associate 
Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery  of  same,  1901 — ;  Surgeon,  Fifth 
Maryland  Regiment,  U.  S.  V.,  1898;  the  first  surgeon  in  Mary- 
land to  perform  successfully  Cassarean  Section.  869  Park  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

^Jenifer,  Daniel,  Jr.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  1756;  son  of  Dr.  Daniel 
and  Elizabeth  Hanson  Jenifer,  of  Kent  County,  Md.  Appointed 
Assistant  Surgeon  to  Dr.  Briscoe  (Ind.  Corps — Q.),  August  26. 
1776;  subsequently,  commissioned  Surgeon  to  the  General  Hos- 
pital, Continental  Army;  served  till  reform,  1782;  Member  of  the 
Society  of  Cincinnati ;  married  the  daughter  of  Dr.  James  Craik, 
of  Alexandria,  January  25,  1785 ;  a  practitioner  of  repute  in  Port 
Tobacco,  Charles  County,  Md.     Died  in  1809. 

453 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Jenkins,  Edward.  1844.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1816. 
M.D.;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.;  resided  at  Easton,  1847.  A  physician 
of  learning,  culture  and  experience.     Died  at  Easton,  Md.,  1865. 

Jenkins,  Felix.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  11,  1825.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's 
College,  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1849 ;  Resident 
Physician,  Baltimore  Infirmary,  1850-54;  400  Cathedral  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*Jenkins,  Solomon  Martin.  1831.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  1803. 
Educated  at  Harvard;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1831; 
practiced  at  Easton.  Died  at  Easton,  Md.,  in  1848.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

Jenness,  John  H.  1898.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  September  15, 
1862.  Family  from  New  Hampshire.  Educated  at  West  Nottingham 
Academy  and  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1887;  Member  of  Legislature,  1898.  Of  Rising  Sun,  Cecil  County, 
Md. 

*Jennings,  Samuel  Kennedy.  1817.  Born  in  Essex  County,  N.  J.,  June 
6,  1771.  Educated  at  Rutgers  College,  N.  J. ;  medical  student  of 
his  father  (Dr.  Jacob  Jennings)  ;  ordained  minister  in  the  M.  E. 
Church;  removed  to  Baltimore  in  1817;  President,  Asbury  Col- 
lege, Baltimore,  1817-18;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1818;  President,  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore,  1823-24;  a 
Founder  of  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1827 ;  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica,  Washington  Medical  College,  1827-39;  Profes- 
sor of  Obstetrics,  Washington  Medical  College,  1839-42;  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy,  Maryland  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  1838-45 ;  at 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  1845-53 ;  author  of  "A  Plain,  Elementary  Explana- 
tion of  the  Natural  Cure  of  Disease,"  etc.,  8voi,  Richmond,  Va.,  1814; 
"Letters  on  the  Patent  Warm  and  Hot  Bath,"  etc.,  8vo,  Norfolk, 
1816;  "The  Married  Lady's  Co'mpanion,"  i2mo,  Richmond;  "A 
Compendium  of  Medical  Science,  or  Fifty  years  Experience  in  the 
Art  of  Healing,  etc.  (with  portrait),  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  1847.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  October  19,  1854. 

*Jennings,  Samuel  Kennedy,  Jr.  1820.  Born  in  Virginia,  August 
13.  1796;  son  of  Dr.  S.  K.  Jennings.  Pupil  of  his  father,  at  Balti- 
more; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  removed  to  Erie, 
Green  County,  Ala.,  where  he  held   a  high  position   as   physician 

454 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  citizen ;    left  many  children.     Died   in    Tennessee,    1877.     See 
list  of  1848  and  "Jennings  Genealogy,"  2  vols. 

*Jessop,  Abraham.  1823.  Born  at  Ridgley's  Forges,  October  5,  1801 ; 
son  of  Charles  Jessop.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  prac- 
ticed only  nine  or  ten  years ;  practice  extended  from  Hampstead, 
Baltimore  County,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Gunpowder.  Died  at  "Vaux 
Hall,"  Ashland,  Baltimore  County,  November  17,  1827.  See  list 
of  1848. 

Jevvall,  Thomas.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

Jewett,  Frederick  Clarke.  1894.  Born  at  Pittston,  Me.,  August  21, 
1868.  Educated  at  Dartmouth  College;  studied  at  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege Medical  School ;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1891 ;  Lecturer 
on  Nervous  Diseases  and  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Throat  and  Chest, 
Baltimore  University,  1896;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene, 
Baltimore  University,   1898.     1939  Druid  Hill  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*JoHNS,  Montgomery.  1854.  Born  in  Maryland,  1830  (?).  A.M., 
Princeton,  1847;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1853;  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  Maryland  Institute;  Professor  of  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Iowa  College ;  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Chemistry, 
Washington  College,  Maryland;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Agricul- 
tural College,  Maryland ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Georgetown  Med- 
ical College,  1862-68;  Ph.D.,  1866;  author  of  "A  Clinical  Phrase 
Book  in  English  and  German,"  1853  (Q.).    Died  at  Baltimore,  1871. 

Johnson^  Benjamin  D.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826. 
Of  Worcester  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*JoHNSON,  Charles  Worthington.  1828.  Born  at  Frederick,  Md., 
September  28,  1805 ;  son  of  Baker  Johnson  and  father  of  Gen. 
Bradley  T.  Johnson.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1825 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1828.     Died  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,   1833. 

*JoHNSON,  Edward  Born  in  1767.  Pupil  of  Doctor  Allen;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse,  1789;  Member  of  the  City 
Council,  1797;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  and  Associate  Judge 
of  the  City  Court,  1804-05;  Elector  for  Jefferson,  1805;  for 
Madison,  1809  and  1813;  and  for  Monroe,  1817;  Mayor  of  Balti- 
more, 1809,  1819  and  1823;  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Vigi- 
lance and  Safety  of  Baltimore,  1815 ;  author  of  "A  Series  of  Let- 

455 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ters  and  Other  Documents  Relating  to  Yellow  Fever,"  Baltimore, 
1820.  He  was  highly  respected  for  his  amiability  and  patriotism. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  April  19,  1829. 

*JoHNSON,  Edward.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1833.  Of  Mary- 
land.    See  list  of  1848. 

Johnson,  George.  1856.  Born  near  Frederick  City,  Md.,  1832;  son 
of  Worthington  Johnson.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1851 ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1854;  practiced  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  1854- 
91 J  retired  in  1891  on  account  of  his  health;  resides  at  Frederick 
City.     See  Trans.,  1857  and  1873. 

*JoHNSON,  Henry.  1813.  Surgeon's  Mate,  Sixth  Regiment  of  Mary- 
land Militia,  1814;  Censor,  1826;  author  of  a  "Report  on  Yellow 
Fever  of  Baltimore,"  1820;  Vaccine  Physician,  1822.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  September,  1830.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  Dr. 
H.  Johnson  was  present  at  the  Annual  Convention,  1830. 

Johnson,  Henry  M.  1828.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1827;  resided  in  Virginia.  See  list  of  1848  and 
Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

*JoHNSON,  James  J.  Born  near  Frederick,  Md.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1816;  practiced  for  a  long  time  near  Urbana,  Md., 
later  removing  to  Frederick  Town,  where  he  continued  to  prac- 
tice until  his  death.  (There  is  a  Johnson,  James  T.,  licensed  in 
Treasurer's  MS.  book,  1825.) 

*JoHNSON,  James  Thomas.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  July  26, 
1828;  son  of  Dr.  James  Johnson.  Pupil  of  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  partner  of  Dr.  Eldred 
Moberley;  practiced  at  Newmarket,  Frederick  County,  until  1861 ; 
Medical  Purveyor,  Charlotte,  N.  C,  in  the  War  of  1861-65;  prac- 
ticed in  Virginia ;  returned  to  Maryland  for  a  few  years ;  Health 
Officer,  Huntsville,  Ala.  A  model  physician  and  gentleman. 
Died  at  Huntsville,  August  9,  1899. 

Johnson,  Joseph  Taber.  Honorary.  1890.  Born  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  June 
30,  184s ;  son  of  Rev.  Lorenzo  Dow  Johnson.  Educated  at  Colum- 
bian University,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  A.M.  (Honorary),  Columbian 
University,  1869;  M.D.,  Georgetown  University,  1865;  and  Bellevue 
Medical  College,  1867;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.;  Profes- 

456 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Howard 
University,  Washington,  1867-70 ;  studied  in  Europe,  1870-71;  Sur- 
geon Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  1891-92;  Gynsecologist  at 
Providence  Hospital ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Emergency  Hospital ; 
President  of  the  Woman's  Dispensary;  in  charge  of  a  private  hos- 
pital; Professor  of  Gynjecology,  Georgetown  University,  1874 — ; 
a  Founder  of  the  American  Gynaecological  Society,  1876;  President, 
Washington  Obstetrical  and  Gynsecological  Society  for  two  years; 
President,  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  1887-88; 
Ph.D.,  Georgetown  University,  1890;  President  of  the  Alumni 
Societies  of  Georgetown  University  and  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1890;  resides  at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Johnson,  Julius  A.  1878.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  July  15,  1849- 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,    1871 ;  resides  at  Easton,  Md. 

*JoHNSON,  Robert.  1800.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1793. 
See  lists  of  1807  and   1848. 

Johnson,  Robert  W.  1881.  Born  at  Rockland,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  September  8,  1854.  A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1876;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1879;  President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical Faculty  of  Maryland,  1894-95 ;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Balti- 
more Medical  College ;  Medical  Director,  First  Brigade,  M.  N.  G. ; 
Consulting  Surgeon,  Church  Home  and  Infirmary ;  Surgeon,  Mary- 
land Steel  Company;  Medical  Director,  Baltimore  Mutual  Life  and 
Annuity  Company.     loi  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Johnson,  Samuel.  1808.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809 
(Medical  and  Physical  Recorder). 

Johnson,    Samuel.     1856.     Of   Frederick,    Md. 

*Johnson,  Samuel  A.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Creagerstown,  Frederick  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*JoHNSON,  Stephen  Theodore.  Founder.  1799.  Son  of  Henry  John- 
son, Gentleman,  who  died  in  1780.  M.B.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1789.  Died  at  Easton,  Talbot  County,  July  16,  1813.  (He 
signs  his  name  M.B.  to  a  diploma  in  1805.) 

*JoHNSON,  Thomas.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  February,  1766. 
M.D.,    University    of    Pennsylvania,    1793     (Inaugural    Thesis    on 

457 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"Putrid  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat,"  pp.  i6) ;  on  Committee  of  Health 
of  Baltimore,  1794;  Member  of  Maryland  Senate,  181 1.  Died  in 
Baltimore  County,  November  i,  183 1. 

Johnson,  Thomas  Brashear.  1898.  Born  at  Adamstown,  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  June  29,  1868.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889; 
Post-graduate  student  at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  and  New  York 
Polyclinic;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1891 — ;  prac- 
ticed at  Adamstown,  Md.,  till  1890,  since  that  at  Frederick  City. 

*JoHNSoN,  Thomas  R.  1828.  Born  in  Washington  County,  Md. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  appointed  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.  from  Maryland,  July  4,  1836;  on  duty  in  Florida, 
where  he  contracted  a  fatal  illness.  Died  at  Baltimore,  July  11, 
1837. 


*JoHNSON,    Thos.    W.     1813.     Of    Israel's    Creek,    Frederick    County, 
Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 


''Johnston,  Christopher.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  27, 
1822.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  student  of  Dr. 
John  Buckler;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1844;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore  Almshouse;  visited  Europe  in  1844,  and  again 
in  1853-55  and  1886;  a  Founder  of  Maryland  Medical  Institute, 
and  Lecturer  there,  1847+ ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1847 ;  Lecturer  on 
Experimental  Physiology  and  Microscopy  and  Curator  of  the 
Museum,  University  of  Maryland,  1855-57;  Professor  of  Anatomy, 
Baltimore  Dental  College,  1857-64;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Physiology,  University  of  Maryland,  1864-66;  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy, University  of  Maryland,  1866-69;  Professor  of  Surgery, 
University  of  Maryland,  1869-81 ;  Emeritus  Professor,  1881-91 ; 
President  of  the  Alumni  Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1882 
and  1888;  Founder  and  President,  Pathological  and  Clinical  So- 
cieties; President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1875-76,  and  Presi- 
dent, 1876-77;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Hebrew  Hospital  and  Church 
Plome  and  Infirmary;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital; President,  Maryland  Academy  of  Science,  1885  and  1887; 
author  of  "Ashhurst's  EncyclopEedia  of  Surgery"  (011  plastic  surgery 
and  skin-grafting).  "An  accomplished  gentleman,  an  expert  artist 
and  microscopist,  and  a  skillful  surgeon."  Died  at  Baltimore,  Octo- 
ber 12,  1891. 

458 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Johnston,  Christopher,  Jr.  i88i.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  8, 
1856.  B.Litt.,  1876,  A.B.,  1878,  A.  M.,  1879,  University  of  Virginia; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880;  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, 1889-91;  Ph.D.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1894;  Instruc- 
tor, and  later,  Associate  in  the  Semitic  Languages,  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  Associate  Professor  of  Oriental  History  and  Archae- 
ology, 1898—.     2138  Oak  Street,  Baltimore. 

Johnston,  Richard  Hall.  1899.  Born  at  Tarboro,N.  C,  April  6,  1871. 
Educated  at  University  of  North  Carolina;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1894;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1894-96; 
Chief  of'ainic,  Diseases  of  Children,  University  of  Maryland, 
1896-99;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Hospital,  189CH-;  Specialist,  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat.  1127  Madison 
Avenue,    Baltimore. 

Johnston,  Samuel.  1877.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Md.,  March  10, 
1847.  M.D.,  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  1870;  Chief 
of  Clinic,  Hospital  for  Diseases  of  Throat,  London;  Physician  to 
Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital;  Consulting 
Laryngologist,  Church  Home  and  Infirmary;  President,  American 
Laryngological  Association,  1890;  Specialist  in  Diseases  of  Throat. 
204  West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Jones,  Albertus  C.  1891.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1890. 
Died  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  August  3,  1893. 

*JoNES,  Buckler.  1853.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1852 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1853-  Died  at  Baltimore,  of  suicide, 
about  1885. 

*JoNES,  Caleb.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1830.  Of  Balti- 
more. In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  (There  was  a  "Jones,  Caleb 
v.,  Major  and  Surgeon,  Volunteers  U.  S.  A.,  July  14,  1846;  dis- 
missed August  4,  1847,  appointed  from  Indiana"— Hammersley.) 

*Jones,  Caleb  Mordecai.  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  1788. 
Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1813;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Twelfth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia, 
1812-14;  after  the  War,  practiced  in  St.  Mary's  County  for  more 
than  fifty  years;  Member  of  the  Maryland  House  of  Delegates, 
1817;  a  most  eminent  physician.     Died  1869.     See  Quinan's  MS. 

459 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Jones,  C.  Hampson.  1884.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  11,  185S. 
Educated  at  the  Friends'  School ;  student  in  Biology,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1877-79;  iri  business  for  two  years;  M.B.  and 
CM.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1883;  Lecturer  on  Physiology, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1886-88;  Associate  Profes- 
sor of  Physiology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1888-89;  Demon- 
strator and  Associate  Professor  of  Physiology,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1889-96;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1896-98;  Professor  of  Hygiene,  Public 
Health  and  Clinical  Medicine,  1898 — ;  Commissioner  of  Health 
and  Registrar  of  Vital  Statistics,  1898-1900;  Assistant  Commis- 
sioner of  Health,   1900 — .     2201   Bolton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

■♦'Jones,  Charles  Hyland.  1851  (?)  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
October  i,  1828.  Studied  at  Baltimore  Medical  Institute;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  185 1 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861-65;  for  a  time  in  charge  of  Jarvis  Hospital,  Baltimore;  Vac- 
cine Physician,  1867 ;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association, 
1869-70;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1877- 
78,  1887-88  and  1894-95.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  17,  1897. 

Jones,  Charles  Parker.  1898.  Born  near  Snow  Hill,  Worcester 
County,  Md.,  June  8,  1825.  Educated  at  Union  Academy,  Snow 
Hill;  pupil  of  Drs.  Farrow  and  Williams;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1849; 
practiced  at  Newark,  Worcester  County,  until  1862,  and  since 
that  at  Snow  Hill;  County  Commissioner,  1855-56;  Chief  Judge 
of  the  Orphans'  Court  for  three  terms ;  Examining  Surgeon  for 
Worcester  County  during  the  War;  Health  Officer  for  Worcester 
County;  resides  at  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

Jones,  Edgar  Allan  Poe.  1897.  Born  at  Madison,  Dorchester  County, 
Md.,  June  17,  1872;  son  of  Elias  Jones.  Educated  at  Baltimore 
City  College;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893;  Consultant 
to  United  Charities  Hospital,  Cambridge,  1901 — ;  practices  at 
Wingate,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

Jones,  Edwin  Early.  1890.  Bom  near  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Warren 
County,  N.  C,  February  21,  1862;  son  of  Joseph  P.  Jonesi.  Edu- 
cated at  University  of  North  Carolina;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1883;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1884;  Secretary,  Baltimore  County  Board  of  Health;  resides  at 
Arlington. 

*Jones,  George  Henry.  1898.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  August 
19,  1845.     Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall  Academy,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Uni- 

460 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versity  of  Maryland,  1867;  Member  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  Maryland,  1879-80 ;  Treasurer  of  Calvert  County,  1890-95 ; 
practiced  at  Barstow,  Calvert  County.  Died  at  Prince  Frederick, 
Md.,  October  16,   1899,  of  apoplexy. 

Jones,  John  J.  1892.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1879;  since  1896  has  conducted  a  private  hospital  for 
Diseases  of  Women,  at  1012  Delaware  Avenue,  Wilmington,  Del. 
Of  Frostburg,  Md. 

*JoNES,  Mathias.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
1768.  M.B. ;  practiced  at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md. ; 
married  Milcah  Gale  Wilson  Chaille,  August  6,  1797.  Died  a: 
Princess  Anne,  May  8,  1826.  Of  his  seven  children,  William  L. 
vi^as  a  physician. 

Jones,  Paul.  1898.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1875;  Health  Officer,  Ocean  City, 
Md.    Of  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

*JoNES,  Philip  Grabel,  Jr.  1830.  Bom  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1829 ;  resided  in  Baltimore  County,  Md. ; 
appointed  from  Indiana,  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.,  September 
22,  1847;  disbanded,  July  20,  1848.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and 
1873. 

Jones,  S.  R.     1853.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

*JoNES,  William.  1813.  M.D.  Of  St.  Michael's,  Talbot  County,  Md. 
(There  was  a  Jones,  William,  who  was  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Military  District  of  Maryland  and  Virginia,  July  2,  1813" — Ham- 
mersley.) 

*Jones,  William.  Born  near  Rockville,  Md.,  April  12,  1790.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  Tyler,  Frederick  City;  attended  lectures  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  War  of  1812,  resigning 
after  its  close  and  settling  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  a  Founder  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  1819;  President, 
Medical  Society  oi  the  District  of  Columbia,  1850;  Postmaster 
of  Washington  (three  terms)  ;  practiced  at  Washington  for  fifty 
years.  "Affable,  elegant,  refined."  Died  at  Washington,  June  25, 
1867.  See  list  of  1848  and  Trans.,  American  Medical  Association, 
1868. 

461 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Jones,  William.  1849.  Certificate  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Board  of 
Examiners  (Archives).  Of  Talbot  County,  Md.  (Possibly  this 
is  William  T.  Jones,  University  of  Maryland,  1835.) 

*  Jones,  William  J.  1885.  Born  at  Baltimore  (?),  1858.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1883;  Lecturer,  Clinical  Medicine,  University 
of  Maryland.     Died  at  Baltimore,  January  10,  1894. 

*JoNES,  William  Lyttleton.  1824.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Som- 
erset County,  Md.,  July  20,  1798;  son  of  Mathias  Jones,  Founder. 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1821 ;  Censor,  1831  (American 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences)  ;  practiced  at  Princess  Anne, 
Md.,  partner  of  Dr.  Samuel  K.  Handy;  married  a  Miss  Baker, 
of  Baltimore;  moved  to  Natchez,  Adams  County,  Miss.,  1844, 
and   practiced   there  until  his   death. 

*Jordan,  James  W.  S.  1881.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871 ; 
Vaccine  Physician,    1881.     Died  at  Baltimore,  about   1890-91. 

*JoYNES,  Levin  Smith.  1845.  Bom  in  Accomac  County,  Va.,  May 
13,  1819;  son  of  Thomas  R.  Joynes.  A.B.,  Washington  College,  Pa., 
1835 ;  studied  at  the  University  of  Virginia  two  years ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  1839;  studied  at  Philadelphia,  Paris,  Dublin, 
etc. ;  in  Accomac,  1843 ;  at  Baltimore,  1844 ;  Professor  of  Physiology 
and  Legal  Medicine,  Franklin  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  1846- 
48 ;  at  Baltimore,  1848-55 ;  Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Richmond, 
1855-71 ;  Dean,  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  1856-71 ;  Emeritus 
Professor,  1871 ;  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  Virginia, 
1872 ;  President,  Medical  Society  of  Virginia,  1858  and  1878 ;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  President,  Richmond  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1866.     Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  January  18,  1881. 

Joynes,  S.   (or  V.)   R.     1854.     M.D. 

JuDKiNS,  Eugene  H.  1892.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1886 
("Maine")  ;  resides  at  Wiscasset,  Me.     Of  Baltimore. 

Kahn,  Samuel.  1899.  Born  at  Riga,  Livonia  (Russia),  January  23, 
1869.  Educated  at  the  high  school ;  Ph.G.,  University  of  Moscow, 
1889;  came  to  the  LTnited  States,  1891 ;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University, 
1898;  Clinical  Assistant,  Diseases  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore.  1438  East  Fort  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

462 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Kasten,  William  Julian.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1862.  Edu- 
cated at  Gettysburg  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886; 
President,  United  States  Pension  Surgeons,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  189S; 
Lecturer  at  Baltimore  University,  1898-99.  1841  Pennsylvania 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Keen,  William  Williams.  Honorary.  1899.  Born  at  Philadelphia, 
January  19,  1837.  A.M.,  Brown  University,  1859;  M.D.,  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1862 ;  LL.D.,  Brown  University,  1891 ;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-64;  studied  in  Europe,  1864-66; 
Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy,  Jefferson  Medical  College  and 
Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy;  Professor  of  Artistic  Anatomy, 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts;  Professor  of  Principles 
of  Surgery  and  Clinical  Surgery,  Jefferson  Medical  College;  Presi- 
dent, American  Surgical  Association;  President,  American  Med- 
ical Association,  1899;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1899;  author  of  "American  Text-Book  of  Surgery,"  "Surgical  Com- 
plications and  Sequels  in  Typhoid  Fever,"  "Gunshot  Wounds  and 
Other  Injuries  of  Nerves"  (with  Weir  Mitchell  and  Morehouse)  ; 
American  edition  of  "Gray's  Anatomy,"  and  other  works ;  special 
work,  Surgery,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*Keene,  John.  1826.  Son  of  Dr.  Zachariah  K. ;  first  cousin  of  Wm. 
B.  and  Marcellus  Keene.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826; 
Member  City  Council,  Baltimore,  1846  (Q.).  Died  (unmarried) 
at  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Keene,  Marcellus.  1805.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  May 
12.  1782;  son  of  Thom'as  Keene.  Attended  lectures  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania;  said  to  have  taken  M.D.  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1805 ;  settled  at  Baltimore ;  subsequently  removed 
to  Kentucky;  later,  returned  to  Maryland  and  practiced  until  his 
death ;  Surgeon,  Nineteenth  Regiment  of  the  Militia  of  Caroline 
County,  Md.,  1807;  married  three  times.  Died  at  Hillsboro,  Caro- 
line County,  October  8,  1845.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

Keene,  Samuel  Aloysius.  1890.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md., 
June  23,  1843.  Educated  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Emmits- 
burg,  Md. ;  pupil  of  Drs.  McSherry  and  Van  Bibber;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1865 ;  Vice-President,  Clinical  Society ;  prac- 
ticed in  Dorchester  County,  1865-69;  at  Ellicott  City,  1869-89;  since 
1889,  at  Baltimore;  President  and  Medical  Examiner,  Maryland 
Catholic  Benevolent  Union.     914  North  Fulton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

30  463 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Keene,  William  Billingslea.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Dorchester 
County,  Md.,  March  15,  1775;  of  English  descent;  son  of  Thomas 
B.  and  Mary  Tubman  Keene.  Said  to  have  taken  medical  degree 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1809 ;  for  several  years  after  graduation,  practiced 
at  Greensboro,  Md. ;  later,  went  to  Baltimore,  where  he  married, 
and  afterwards  moved  to  Kentucky;  was  very  wealthy;  lived  at 
Georgetown,  Scott  County,  Ky. ;  he  was  twice  married,  first,  Eliza- 
beth Claland,  second,  Hannah  Bodine.  Died  in  Louisiana,  April 
9,  1857.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

"'Keener,  William  H.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  31, 
1822;  son  of  David  Keener.  Educated  at  Baltimore  College;  stu- 
dent of  Dr.  A.  F.  Dulin;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845; 
engaged  extensively  in  assaying  of  ores;  spent  last  ten  years  of 
his  life  mostly  abroad,  pursuing  literature  and  art.  Died  at  Balti- 
more,  May  21,   1880. 

*Kj;erl,  Henry.  Born  at  Mainbernheim,  Bavaria,  1755.  Came  to 
America  in  1776  as  Surgeon  of  one  of  the  Hessian  Regiments  in 
the  British  Service;  captured  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  December  26,  1776; 
paroled  and  allowed  to  live  at  Baltimore,  where  he  settled  in  prac- 
tice (1782)  and  lived  until  his  death,  July  16,  1827.  He  left  a 
large  estate.  He  is  spoken  of  as  a  conscientious  and  benevolent 
gentleman,  who  enjoyed  the  entire  esteem  of  the  community. 

Kefauver,  Elmer  C.  1897.  Born  at  Middletown,  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  March  18,  1868.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891.  Of 
Thurmont,  Frederick  County,  Md. 

*Keidel,  George.  1857.  Born  at  Hildesheim,  Hanover,  Germany, 
February  7,  1799.  M.D.,  University  of  Bonn,  1828;  after  a  year 
in  Brazil,  began  practice  at  Salzgittin;  came  to  Baltimore,  1853. 
Died  at  Catonsville,  Md.,  November  13,  1874.  See  Trans.,  1858 
and  1873. 

Keidler,  .     1857.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

Keirle,  Nathaniel  Garland.  1887.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  10, 
1833.  A.B.,  Dickinson  College,  1855,  and  later  A.M.;  student  of 
Dr.  Miltenberger ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1858;  resident 
student.  Almshouse;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore  Infirmary, 
1-65 ;  Resident  Physician,   Bayview    Asylum ;    Attending    Phy- 

464 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sician,  Skin  Department  of  Baltimore  Special  Dispensary;  Phy- 
sician in  Charge  of  the  Dispensary  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  for  twelve  years;  President,  Clinical  Society  of 
Maryland,  1887-88;  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  and  later  Pro- 
fessor of  Pathology  and  Medical  Jurisprudence,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore;  Director  of  the  Pasteur  De- 
partment, City  Hospital,  1897 — ;  Medical  Examiner  for  Baltimore 
City,  1887 — ;  author  of  article  on  Rabies,  "Twentieth  Century 
Practice  of  Medicine."  1419  West  Lexington  Street,  Baltimore. 
(Up  to  June,  1902,  322  cases  had  been  admitted  to  the  Pasteur 
Department  of  the  City  Hospital,  under  charge  of  Dr.  Keirle,  of 
whom  209  were  bitten  by  animals  absolutely  proven  to  have  been 
mad.  There  was  only  one  death  from  rabies.  This  case,  owing 
to  the  incomplete  period  of  immunization,  would  not  be  accepted 
as  a  failure  by  any  antirabic  institution.  Even  if  cognizance  is 
taken  of  this  case,  the  percentage  of  losses  is  only  one-third  of 
one  per  cent.,  a  smaller  rate  than  that  shown  in  the  last  report  of 
the  Pasteur  Institute  at  Paris. — From  Dr.  Keirle's  Report.) 

*ICeirn,  Garret.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819.  Of  Queen 
Anne  County,  Md. 

Keller,  Charles  J.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1875.  Educated  at 
Marston's  University  School;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1898; 
Chief  of  Clinic,  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  Dispensary.  222 
West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Keller^  Josiah  Goode.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  16,  1839.  Edu- 
cated at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1863 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1864-67 ;  Member  of  City  Council,  1887-90. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  April  8,  1897. 

Kellogg,  Amasa.  1831.  M.D. ;  was  present  at  annual  meetings  of  1834 
and  1842.     Of  Baltimore.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Kelly,  Howard  Atwood.  1891.  Born  at  Camden,  N.  J.,  February 
20,  1858.  Educated  at  Faires'  School,  Philadelphia,  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  A.B.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1877; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1882;  Founder  of  Kensington 
Hospital  for  Women,  1883 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1888-89 ;  Professor  of  Gynaecology  and  Ob- 
stetrics, Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889,  and  later  of  Gynjecol- 
ogy  only ;  Gynaecologist  in  Chief  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ; 
author  of  "Operative  Gynaecology,"  2  vols.,  550  pp.  each,  48  plates, 

465 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

592   original    illustrations,    New    York,    1898.      1418    Eutaw    Place, 
Baltimore. 

Kemp,  Charles  Percy.  1899.  Born  at  Denton,  Md.,  June  26,  1868. 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1895.  Of 
Kent  Island,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md. 

Kemp,  Howard  Mason.  1892.  Born  at  Bloomington,  Md.,  February 
23,  1855;  son  of  Elijah  Kemp.  M.S.,  University  of  West  Virginia, 
1876;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  Member  of  Maryland 
Legislature,  1889-90;  Physician  in  Chief  to  Alexander  Hospital  for 
Crippled  and  Sick  Lumbermen  for  eight  and  a  half  years.  Of 
Alexander,  Upshur  County,  W.  Va. ;  later,  of  Bloomington,  Garrett 
County,  Md.  See  Medical  Directory,  Maryland  and  District  of 
Columbia,  1900. 

*Kemp,  Samuel  T.  1816.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Tristram  Thomas,  of  Easton; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1817;  commenced  practice  at 
Easton  but  moved  to  Trappe  about  1824 ;  Censor  for  Talbot  County, 
1840.     Died  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1856. 

Kemp,  William  Frederick  Amelung.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February 
23,  1849 ;  son  of  W.  M.  Kemp.  Graduate  City  College,  1868 ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1872;  Treasurer,  Medical  and  Chirurgi- 
cal  Faculty,  1883-98;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association, 
1886-87;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1897- 
98;  Attending  Physician,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary,   1875. 

*Kemp,  William  Miller.  1834.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md., 
February  21,  1814.  Educated  at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College, 
Emmitsburg,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1834;  located 
at  Frederick  City,  but  moved  to  Baltimore,  1839;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859-70 ;  City  Physician  and 
President  of  the  Board  of  Health,  Baltimore,  1855-61 ;  President, 
National  Quarantine  and  Sanitary  Association,  1858;  President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1882-83.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1886. 

*Kennedy,  Hovi^ARD.  1828.  Born  in  1809;  son  of  Hon.  Thomas  Kennedy. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of  Hagerstov^rn,  Md.  Died 
June  12,  1855,  aged  46.  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853  and  Scharf's 
"Western  Maryland." 

466 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Kennedy,  James  H.  1891.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md. ;  son  of 
Silas  Baldwin  Kennedy.  Educated  at  Bethel  Institute,  Maryland; 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1874;  Health  Officer, 
Aberdeen,  Harford  County,  Md. ;  Naturalist  and  Contributor  to 
Harper's  Magazine.     P.  O.,  Aberdeen,  Md. 

Kennedy,  Robert  F.  1837.  Born  in  Virginia.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1837. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Kennedy,  Stephen  Dandridge.  1892.  Born  at  "The  Bower,"  Jefferson 
County,  W.  Va.,  May  25,  1834.  Educated  at  the  Virginia  Military 
Institute  and  the  University  of  Virginia;  studied  Art  in  the  studios 
of  Fischer  and  Wiedenbach,  Baltimore,  and  of  Bandel,  New  York; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1855 ;  Resident,  and  later  Visiting 
Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse;  Assistant  (1861)  and  Past 
Assistant  Surgeon  and  Medical  Inspector,  U.  S.  N. ;  resigned,  1864; 
reappointed,  1866;  dismissed,  1883;  practiced  at  Baltimore  and 
Annapolis   (1890-98),  and  now  resides  at  Warrenton,  Va. 

*Kent,  Joseph.  1801  (?).  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1807  and   1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Kent,  Thomas  H.  1809.  Medical  and  Physical  Recorder.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

Keown,  Thomas  William.  1896.  Born  in  County  Sligo,  Ireland, 
February  6,  1868.  Came  to  America,  1890;  A.B.,  Loyola  College, 
Baltimore;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Maryland  General  Hospital,  1895-96 ;  Lecturer  on  Embry- 
ology, and  on  the  Dispensary  Staff,  Diseases  of  Children  and  of 
the  Skin,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1896-97;  at  present  Asso- 
ciate Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  to  same,  and  on  Staff  of 
Maryland  General  Hospital.     1938  Linden  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Ker,  Samuel.  1801  (?).  Of  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md. 
Died  about  1850.  See  lists  of  1807,  1848,  1853  and  1873,  and  Trans., 
1856,  p.  95. 

*Kerr,  Samuel  John  Stewart.  1831-32.  Censor,  Somerset  County, 
1840.  Of  Quantico,  Somerset  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853 
and  1873. 

Key,  Robert  Morris.  1854.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,    1854.     See  Treasurer's  book. 

467 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

King,  David.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824.  Of  Balti- 
more County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*KiNG,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Censor,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  1826. 
See  lists  of   1807   and    1848;   marked   dead   in  the  latter. 

*KiNG,  John.  1801  (?).  Censor,  1819.  Of  Manokin,  Somerset  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

King,  John  Theodore.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  14,  1844. 
Graduated  from  Baltimore  City  College,  1863 ;  pupil  of  Dr.  Frank 
Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1866;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  1866-73 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873 ;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Samuel  Ready  School  and  Morgan  College ;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician, Silver  Cross  Home  for  Epileptics ;  President  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation, University  of  Maryland,  1902-03.  640  North  Carrollton 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*KiNG,  John  W.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  married 
Sally  H.  Waters,  of  Somerset  County,  Md.,  but  left  no  issue.  Of 
Kingston,   Somerset  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*KiNG,  Robert  S.  1801  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1799. 
Of  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807,  1848 
and  1853. 

*KiNG,  Stephen  Henry.  1897.  Born  at  Boyle,  Ireland,  1844.  Gra- 
duated from  Lowell  (Massachusetts)  High  School,  1863;  M.D., 
Harvard,  1872;  at  the  University  of  Vienna,  1872-73;  practiced  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  1874-93 ;  Pathologist,  Rhode  Island  Hospital ; 
Consulting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Providence;  post-gra- 
duate work  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1893-94;  graduate  work 
in  Physics  and  Chemistry,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1894- 1902. 
Died  June  7,  1902,  at  London,  England. 

*Kinnemon,  George  S.  1876.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1848;  son  of  Dr. 
P.  S.  Kinnemon.  Educated  at  the  Central  Institute;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1874;  Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispen- 
sary,  1879-82.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  12,   1884. 

*Kinnemon,  Perry  Spencer.  1840.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md., 
December  7,  1809.  Pupil  of  Drs.  Poits  and  Samuel  Baker;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,   1833 ;  Attending  Physician,   Eastern  Dis- 

468 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

pensary;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1865;  Treasurer, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1862-70.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Jan- 
uary I,  1877. 

KiRBY,  Francis  Joseph.  1896.  Born  at  Springfield,  111.,  August  12, 
1869 ;  son  of  Edward  Kirby.  Educated  at  Christian  Brothers  Acad- 
emy; A.B.,  Rock  Hill  College,  Md.,  1887;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy,  1889;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892;  Visiting 
Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1894—.  1633  North 
Caroline  Street,  Baltimore. 

*KxEiN,  Madison  C.  1830  (by  examination,  showing  he  was  not  then 
a  graduate).  Born  in  Virginia;  settled  in  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  M.D.,  Washington  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1830.     See  list  of 


Kloman,  William  C.  1855;  1877-  Born  in  Germany,  1835.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1855;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1875-76; 
Translated  (with  Dr.  F.  T.  Miles)  Rindfleisch's  "Pathological 
Histology,"   8vo,   1872.     808  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Klueber,  Charles  Julius.  1877.  Born  at  Hildesheim,  Germany,  April 
ID,  1839;  son  of  August  Klueber.  Educated  at  Andreas  High 
School,  Hildesheim,  and  Polytechnique  School,  Hanover;  emi- 
grated to  America  at  the  age  of  20 ;  engaged  in  watchmaking ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1872;  practiced  at  Baltimore,  and  died 
there  June  21,  1878. 

Knapp,  Moses  L.  1829.  Born  at  New  York.  Student  of  Dr.  Colbey 
Knapp,  of  Chenango  County,  N.  Y.;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1826;  Phy- 
sician to  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1829-30;  President,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Keokuk,  la.,  and  Chicago 
and  Rock  Island  Medical  School;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica, 
Indiana  Medical  College,  1847 ;  later,  resided  at  Cardereta,  Jimenez, 
Nueva  Leon,  Mexico;  author  of  "Reseaches  on  Primary  Path- 
ology; Origin  and  Laws  of  Epidemics,"  2  vols.,  Philadelphia,  1858. 

*Knight,  James.  1832.  Born  at  Taneytown,  Frederick  County,  Md., 
February  14,  1810;  son  of  Samuel  Knight.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's 
College,  South  Mountain,  Md. ;  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1832;  in  Baltimore  General  Dispensary  seven  years; 
practiced  at  Baltimore  and  at  Cincinnati  for  a  short  time;  settled 
at  New  York  City,   1835;   in   1840,  limited  his  practice  to  Ortho- 

469 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

psedic  Surgery;  Assistant  in  Orthopaedic  Surgery,  University  of 
New  York,  1842-44;  organized  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured  and 
Crippled,  1863 ;  Surgeon  in  Charge,  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured 
and  Crippled,  1863+ ;  author  of  "The  Improvement  of  the  Health 
of  Children  and  Adults  by  Natural  Means,"  1868;  "Orthopaedia,  or 
a  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Alterations  of  the  Human  Frame,"  1874; 
"Static  Electricty  as  a  Therapeutic  Agent,"  1882.  Died  at  New 
York,  October  24,  1887. 

Knight,  Louis  William.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  21, 
1844.  Educated  at  Union  Academy,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1866.     414  North  Greene  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Knight,  Samuel  Thomas.  Born  at  "Ingleside,"  near  Baltimore, 
December  20,  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1835 ;  practiced 
at  Baltimore  from  that  time  until  his  death ;  Commissioner  of 
Health,  Baltimore,  1862-66;  invented  an  obstetrical  forceps  and  an 
apparatus  for  fractured  patella;  reported  two  cases  of  ovariotomy, 
1872;  variolated  the  cow  and  obtained  vaccine  virus.  Died  at 
Baltimore,    January   20,    1881. 

Knipp^  Harry  Edward.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  25,  1867; 
son  of  Henry  Knipp.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1887;  Chief,  Clinic  Skin  Diseases,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  three  years ;  Medical  Examiner,  John  Hancock 
Life  Insurance  Company.     523   Scott  Street,  Baltimore. 

KoECHLiNG  Francis  Ant.  1836.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  Treasurer's 
book  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

KoLB,  Wilson  W.  1828.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1828.  Of  Woodsboro,  Frederick  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and   1853. 

DeKrafft,  S.  Chase.  1891.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  son  of 
Lieut.  S.  Chase  Barney.  At  seven  years  was  taken  to  Paris,  where 
he  remained  until  1861 ;  graduated  from  the  Pennsylvania  Mili- 
tary Academy,  1868;  M.D.,  Miami  Medical  College,  Cincinnati, 
1874;  practiced  at  Cincinnati  for  three  years,  then  removed  to 
Cambridge,  Md. ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  First  Regiment,  M.  N.  G., 
1893-98;  Surgeon,  1898-99;  President  of  Maryland  State  Board  of 
Health,  1897 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  Marine  Hospital  Ser- 
vice; Surgeon  with  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  Army  in  the  Philip- 
pines, 1899. 

470 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Kremien,  John  D.  1888.  Born  in  Germany,  about  1846.  "University 
of  Greifswald,  1866."  Convicted  of  manslaughter,  October  18,  1894, 
and  sentenced  to  ten  years'  imprisonment  in  penitentiary.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  January  23,  1901. 

Kroh,  William.  1897.  Born  December  23,  i860.  Ph.G.,  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy,  1882;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886; 
attended  New  York  Post-graduate  Medical  School  and  Hospital ; 
Coroner,    1898.     1304  West   Lafayette   Avenue,    Baltimore. 

KjtozER,  John  J.  R.  1848.  Born  at  Elizabeth  City,  N.  C,  August  30, 
1827;  son  of  Dr.  John  Krozer.  Educated  at  Military  Academy, 
Portsmouth,  Va. ;  Student  of  Medicine,  U.  S.  Naval  Hospital,  near 
Portsmouth,  Va. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848.  662  West 
Lexington  Street,   Baltimore. 

KuHN^  Anna  Louise.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  13,  1859. 
Educated  at  Scheib's  School,  1868-75,  and  the  Western  High 
School,  1875-79;  graduated  from  the  latter,  1879;  M.D.,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1883 ;  the  first  woman  to  graduate  in  medicine 
at  Baltimore.    618  North  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Lamb,  Charles  H.  1830.  See  Treasurer's  MS.  book.  (See  Laub, 
C.    H.) 

^Lancaster,  Calistus.  1815.  L.M.  Of  Newport,  Charles  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Lancaster,  Joseph  B.  1809.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1841. 
Of  Newport,  Charles  County,  Md.  See  Medical  and  Physical 
Recorder,  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Landis,  Edward.  1853.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1853  and 
1873- 

Lane,  Nicholas  B.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1822.  Of  Fred- 
erick County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Lange,  Frederick.  Honorary.  1893.  Born  in  the  Province  of  West 
Prussia,  Germany,  1849.  Studied  at  Konigsberg  and  Wiirzburg; 
was  in  the  Franco-German  War,  1870-71 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Konigsberg,  Prussia,  1872;  Clinical  Assistant  in  Surgery,  Uni- 
versity Hospital,  Konigsberg,  1872-74 :  continued  study  at  Vienna, 
1874 ;  practiced  at  Tilsit,  East  Prussia,  1874-75 ;  continued  study 
at  Berlin ;   Assistant  to  von   Esmarch,   Kiel,    1876-78 ;    Army   Sur- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

geon,  Servian  side,  in  the  Servian-Turkish  War;  emigrated  to 
New  York  City,  1878;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  and  German 
Hospitals ;  Consulting  Surgeon  to  Presbyterian  Hospital ;  since 
i8go  devoted  tO'  private  practice;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1893;  LL.D.,  Konigsberg,  1898.  130  East  Sixty- 
first   Street,   New  York  City. 

Lanier,  Berwick  Bruce.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  9,  1869. 
A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1892;  Assistant  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
1892-93 ;  on  Surgical  Staff,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary ;  Lecturer 
on  Pathology  and  Histology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1894-95 ;  Lecturer  on  Operative  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  1895-96;  Lecturer  on  the  Principles  of  Surgery,  University 
of  Maryland,  1896-1900;  Associate  Professor  of  the  Principles  of 
Surgery,  1900 — ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.,  1898.  25  West 
Chase  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Lansdale,  William.  Founder.  1799.  Born  about  1765 ;  youngest 
son  of  Philip  Lansdale,  who  came  from  County  of  Middlesex, 
England,  and  settled  at  "Enfield  Chase,"  Prince  George  County, 
Md.,  marrying  Miss  Van  Horn,  of  Philadelphia;  received  the 
diploma  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians,  London,  February 
14,  1786;  removed  to  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  where 
he  practiced  until  his  death;  married  Miss  Mary  Reeder,  of  St. 
Mary's  County,  September  25,  1797;  left  one  daughter,  Mrs.  Dr. 
William  Thomas,  "Cremona,"  St.  Mary's  County.  Died  after  a 
short  illness  in  March,  1801,  and  was  buried  at  "Ellenboro,"  near 
Leonardtown. 

Larned,  Charles  Willis.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  i,  1869; 
son  of  Major  Frank  H.  Earned,  U.  S.  A.  Educated  at  private 
schools;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1893;  Resident  Physician, 
Free  Lying-in  Hospital  of  University  of  Maryland,  1893-94;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Hospital  for  Women  of  Maryland,  1894-95 ;  Assist- 
ant Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary,  1895 — ;  Medical  Exam- 
iner, New  York  Life  Insurance  Company.  1327  Park  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

Laroque,  Alfred.  1847.  Born  at  Baltimore;  son  of  Daniel  Laroque. 
Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1847;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1848;  never  prac- 
ticed ;  engaged  in  the  drug  business ;  retired,  1866.  Died  in  1876. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

472 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Larsh,  Silas.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of  Reis- 
terstown,  Baltimore  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Latane,  Samuel  Peachy.  1898.  Born  in  Virginia,  December  14, 
1874.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1897;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Lying-in  Hospital,  1897;  Resident  Physician,  Hospital  for 
the  Women  of  Maryland,  1897-98;  Resident  Pathologist,  Univer- 
sity Hospital,  1898-1900;    since  1900  practicing  at  Winchester,  Va. 

Latimer,  Charles  H.  1899.  Born  at  Woodville,  Prince  George 
County,  Md.,  November  4,  i860.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College; 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1881 ;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Baltimore  City  Hospital;  began  practice  at  Wood- 
ville; Assistant  Physician,  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Washington,  D.  C,   1888-1900;  U.  S.  A.   (?). 

*Latimer,  John  F.  1820.  Son  of  Thomas  Latimer.  Attended  medical 
lectures  at  Baltimore.  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of   1848,   1853   and   1873. 

Latimer,  Matthias  Randolph.  1898.  Born  in  Prince  George  County, 
Md.,  March  17,  1833.  M.D.,  Philadelphia  College  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery,  1855 ;  practices  at  Aquasco,  Md. 

Latimer,  Thomas  Sargent.  1866.  Born  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  June  17, 
1839.  Educated  at  Sherwood  Academy,  York,  Pa.;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  at  Richmond,  1865-66;  Resident  Physician, 
Baltimore  Infirmary,  1866-68;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore 
College  of  Dental  Surgery;  Professor  of  Histology  and  Patho- 
logical Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1873;  of  Surgery,  1873-76;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1872-73 ;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1873 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Physiology  and  Diseases  of  Children,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1876-83;  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  1883—; 
President,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital;  President  of  the  Clinical 
Society  of  Maryland,  1880-81;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children, 
Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical Faculty,  1882-83 ;  President,  1884-85 ;  Member  of  the  Lunacy 
Commission  of  Maryland ;  Physician  in  Chief,  Pasteur  Department, 
Baltimore  City  Hospital ;  Co-Editor,  Baltimore-  Medical ^  Journal, 
1870-71;    Editor,   Physician   and   Surgeon,    1873;    a   contributor   to 

473 


MSDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Harris'  "Principles  and  Practice  of  Dentistry"  and  Loomis'  "Text- 
Book  of  Medicine."     211  West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Laub,  Charles  H.  1829.  Born  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  M.D. ; 
appointed  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  November  30,  1836;  Major  and  Surgeon,  October  17, 
1854;  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Assistant  Medical  Purveyor,  June  26, 
1876;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  during  the  war  (Hammersley).  Died  Decem- 
ber 2,  1876.     See  list  of 


*Lawrence,  Daniel  Hov^^land.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  29,  1812. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869;  Quarantine  Physician,  Balti- 
more, eight  years ;  practiced  at  Baltimore.  Died  in  Baltimore 
County,    October  27,   1879. 

^Lawrence,  George  Washington.  1847.  Born  at  Plymouth,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Pa.,  July  4,  1823 ;  son  of  William  Lawrence. 
Educated  at  Germantown  Academy,  etc. ;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
Miller,  of  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1846 ;  first 
practiced  at  Baltimore;  removed  to  Sutter  County,  Cal.,  then  to 
Catonsville,  Md. ;  finally  settled  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark. ;  Acting  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1843-45 ;  First  Assistant  Surgeon-General  of 
California,  1850;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Resident  Physician, 
Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  1859-61  and  1865-90.  Died  at  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  January,    1890. 

^Lawrence,  John  M.  1808.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810; 
was  in  Cumberland  in  1833  (Q.).  Of  Allegany  County,  Md.  See 
Medical  and  Physical  Recorder  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Laws,  Bolitha.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1823.  Of 
Delaware.     See   list  of   1848. 

*Lazear,  Jesse  William.  1897.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  May  20, 
1866.  Educated  at  Trinity  Hall  Military  School,  Washington,  Pa., 
and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1889;  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1892;  House 
Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital ;  for  two  years  Assistant  in  Vander- 
bilt  Clinic;  one  year  studied  at  Edinburgh,  Paris  and  Berlin; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1895-96; 
Assistant  in  Clinical  Microscopy,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1897- 
99;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  assignment  to  duty  in  the 
Hospital  at  Havana,  January,  1900;  on  Government  Commission  for 

474 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  investigation  of  yellow  fever ;  a  martyr  to  the  cause  of  humanity 
while  investigating  yellow  fever.  Died  at  Quemados,  Cuba,  Sep- 
tember 25,  1900. 

Leatherman,  Marshall  Edward.  1892.  Born  in  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  1851.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College,  Salem,  Va.;  M.D.,  Wash- 
ington University,  Baltimore,  1873 ;  graduated  from  the  Post-gra- 
duate Medical  School,  New  York,  1892;  practices  at  Washington, 
D.  C. 

*Le  Baron,  Francis.  Born  in  Massachusetts.  M.D. ;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  January  31,  1800 — last  appearance  on  the  records 
of  the  Navy  Department  (Hammersley)  ;  appointed  from  Massa- 
chusetts, Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  March  26,  1802;  Major  and 
Surgeon,  December  12,  1808;  Apothecary  General,  June  11,  1813; 
disbanded,  June  i,  1821  (Id.)  ;  resided  at  Chesapeake  City,  Cecil 
County,   Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

Lee,  James  G.     1831.     Of  Baltimore,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.. 

Lee,  Richard  C.  Born  at  Eastern,  Va.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1859;  Coroner,  Southern  District.  428  Hanover  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

Lee,  Thomas,  Jr.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1830. 
Censor,  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  1840.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853. 
and  1875. 

*Lee,  William.  1874.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  1844.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1865 ;  settled  at  Baltimore ;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1867-72;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1868-69  and  1871-72;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children, 
Baltimore  Medical  College;  Dean,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  Sur- 
geon-General of  Maryland;  Secretary  of  Maryland  Lunacy  Com- 
mission, 1886-98 ;  School  Commissioner.  Died  at  Stevenson,  in 
Green  Spring  Valley,  Baltimore  County,   Md.,  April    16,    1898. 

Leitch,  John  W.  1899.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  August  2, 
1870.  Pupil  of  Dr.  E.  Roddy;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,   1896 ;  practices  at  Huntingtown,   Md. 

*Lemmon,  Richard.  1816.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Salisbury,  Somerset  County,  Md.  Died  in  i860.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853.  (There  was  a  "Lemmon,  Richard,  Midshipman,, 
August  17,  1814;  resigned,  April   17,  1815" — Hammersley.) 

475 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

^Leonard,  Benjamin  F.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  14,  1847. 
Educated  at  West  River  Institute;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1876;  Post-graduate  Student  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore,  and  Bellevue  College,  New  York;  Professor 
of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Baltimore  Medical  College; 
paid  special  attention  to  Rectal  Diseases.  Died  at  Baltimore,  April 
10,  1900. 

Leonard,  Somerville  E.     1824.     See  list  of  1848. 

^Leonard,  William  T.  1832.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.  (Washing- 
ton University,  Baltimore?)  ;  Lecturer  on  Natural  Philosophy 
and  Chemistry,  Fells  Point  Institute,  1836;  Member  of  the  City 
Council,  1845 ;  Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1845-48 ;  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1847-51;  ap- 
pointed from  Maryland,  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  August  21, 
1838;   resigned,   September  23,   1842. 

*Letherbury,  Peregrine.  1801  (?).  Of  Salisbury,  Somerset  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

Lewis,  John  Latane.  1892.  Born  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  July  9, 
1865.  Educated  at  Aberdeen  Academy,  Virginia;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1888;  Post-graduate  Course  at  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital,  1895 ;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1889-95. 
Of  Bethesda,    Montgomery   County,    Md. 

Lewis,  William  Milton.  1892.  Born  in  Ohio,  March  27,  i860. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Lecturer  on  Normal  His- 
tology, Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1895-97;  Associate 
Professor  of  Normal  Histology  and  Clinical  Microscopy,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1897 — .     1220  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Liebmann,  Gustav.  About  1872.  Born  at  Wiirttemberg,  Germany, 
January  27,  1833.  Studied  at  Tiibingen,  1851-56;  M.D.,  Tiibingen 
University,  1856;  came  to  America,  1856;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical 
College  (date  not  given,  supposed  to  be  Honorary)  ;  practiced  at 
Baltimore,  1856-81 ;  removed  to  Boston,  1881 ;  retired,  1890 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Digestive  Organs,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Boston,  1897-1900.     9  Ivy  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

LiGHTFORDj  William  D.     1833.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

Likes,  Sylvan  H.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  7,  1870.  Edu- 
cated at  Johns  Hopkins  University;   M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 

476 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1893;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hos- 
pital, 1893-94;  Clinical  Lecturer  on  Dermatology,  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College,  Baltimore,  1897;  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1898-99;  Associate  Professor 
of  Genito-urinary  Surgery  and  Dermatology,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1899;  Consulting  Physician,  Hebrew  Hos- 
pital ;  Specialist  in  Genito-urinary  and  Skin  Diseases.  26  West 
Franklin    Street,    Baltimore. 

Link,  Ferdinand  C.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  3,  1869 ;  son  of 
Philip  Link.  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1892;  Chief  of  Clinic, 
Diseases  of  Women,  Baltimore  University,  1892-97;  Examining 
Physician,  Baltimore  Life  Insurance  Company,  1892 — .  1703  North 
Fulton  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

LiNTHicuM,  G.  Milton.  1899.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
August  17,  1870.  Educated  at  the  State  Normal  School,  St.  John's 
College  and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins, 
1891 ;  preliminary  medical  course,  Johns  Hopkins  University ;  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1893 ;  Chief  of  the  Eye  and 
Ear  Clinic,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1893-94;  Lec- 
turer on  Physiology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1896-97;  Professor 
of  Physiology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1897-98;  Professor  of 
Rectal  Surgery  and  Physiology,  Maryland  Medical  College, 
1898 — ;  Surgeon,  Franklin  Square  Hospital ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Hospital  for  Consumptives.     1820  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Linthicum,  James  Garrott.  Born  at  Urbana,  Frederick  County,  Md., 
November  26,  1834;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1852;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1859 ;  served  six  terms  in  City  Council ;  Professor  of 
Practice  of  Medicine,  Baltimore  University,  twelve  years ;  at  pres- 
ent Emeritus  Professor  and  President,  Board  of  Trustees.  1327 
West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

Linthicum,  Thomas  Waters.  1892.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  November  24,  1855.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1879; 
practices  at  Savage,  Md. 

*Littell^  Norval  W.  Born  at  Newmarket,  Va.,  September  28,  1829. 
Attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1853 ;  Resident  Physician,  Wills  Eye  Hospital, 
Philadelphia,  1853-54;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1854;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1858-59;  Lecturer  on  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  Wash- 
ington University,  Baltimore,  1867-68;  withdrew  from  active  prac- 

477 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tice,  1874,  and  went  to  Florida  on  account  of  health;  claimed  an 
early,  successful  Csesarean  Section  (see  Atkinson,  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  the  United  States,  1878).  Died  at  Baltimore,  unmar- 
ried in  1898  or  1899,  of  Bright's  Disease. 

*LiTTiG,  Thomas.  1830.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1801.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1830.  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
March  30,  1886.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*LiTTLEjOHN,  Miles.  1801  (?).  Born  in  England,  1758.  Began  prac- 
tice at  Baltimore  and  Physician  to  Almshouse,  1789;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore  Hospital,  1812;  partner  in  practice  with  Dr.  Wm. 
Donaldson.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  23,  1815. 

Lloyd,  Horatio  N.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1831.  Of 
District  of  Columbia.     See  list  of  1848. 

Lloyd,  Thomas  P.  1898.  Born  at  Grand  Junction,  Tenn.,  September 
6,  1871.  A.B.,  Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  1895;  M.D.,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1896;  Resident  Physician,  Maryland  General  Hos- 
pital, 1896-98;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Gynaecology,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1898-1900;  Instructor  in  Gynaecology  and  Pathol- 
ogy, Baltimore  Medical  College,  1899-1900;  Lecturer  on  Dermatol- 
ogy, University  of  Texas,  Galveston,  1900;  has  since  removed  to 
San  Antonio,  Tex. ;  practice  limited  to  Diseases  of  the  Chest. 

*LocKE^  William  Bruce.  1808.  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. ; 
son  of  Jesse  Locke,  County  Surveyor  under  George  HL  Attended 
lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is  said  to  have 
graduated  there,  1808;  began  practice  near  Benedict,  Charles 
County,  Md. ;  took  part  in  resisting  the  British  in  1814 ;  in  a  few 
years  moved  to  near  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  Mary's  County,  and  died 
there  March  25,  1834.  His  remains  were  interred  on  his  farm,  now 
owned  by  his  grandson.  Rev.  William  L.  Braddock.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*LocKwooD,  John  T.  1833.  Of  New  Jersey.  See  list  of  1848.  (There 
is  a  "Lockwood,  John  A.,  Delaware,  1832,"  Catalogue  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania;  also  "Lockwood,  John  A.,  Assistant  .Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  February  8,  1832 ;  Surgeon,  October  13,  1840 ; 
resigned  March   13,   1865" — Hammersley.) 

Lockwood,  William  F.  1890.  Born  in  Culpeper  County,  Va.,  De- 
cember IS,  1852.     Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  taught 

478 


«^ 

SAMUEL  BAKER 

1785-1835- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

school  three  years;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1875;  Resident 
Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1875-76;  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  Washington  University  and  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons ;  Attending  Physician,  Dispensary  for  Children ; 
Visiting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Agnes'  Hospitals ;  Vaccine 
Physician,  1882-84;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners 
of  Maryland ;  Secretary,  Board  of  Medical  Examiners ;  Examiner, 
New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company;  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  Therapeutics  and  Clinical  Medicine,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1899 — ;  Professor  of  same,  Baltimore 
College  of  Dental  Surgery.    8  East  Eager  Street,  Baltimore. 

Lord,  Teke  Williams.  1893.  Born  at  Portland,  Me.,  February  5. 
1864.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1884;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1887;  Resident  Physician,  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
Philadelphia,  1887-88 ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College,  Baltimore,  1890-91 ;  Instructor  in  Anatomy,  later. 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Johns  Hopkins  University;  Assistant 
in  Dermatology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-94;  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor of  Dermatology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1898 — ;  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1900 — ;  Recording 
Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1897 — ; 
author  (with  Rohe)  of  "Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  i2mo.  loii  North 
Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

LoTZ^  George.  1892.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1892.     (3139  Elliott  Street,  Baltimore — Polk,  1893.) 

*XovE,  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  March 
25,  1753;  son  of  Thomas  Love.  Educated  at  Princeton  College; 
attended  the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  practiced  at  Joppa,  Bal- 
timore County ;  later,  at  Gunpowder  Falls ;  Member  of  the  Mary- 
land Legislature,  1801,  1802  and  1803.  Died  at  "Loveton,"  near 
Cockeysville,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  March  i,   1821. 

*Love,  William  Samuel.  1845.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  12,  1803 ; 
son  of  Dr.  John  Love.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore ; 
graduated  in  Pharmacy;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1837.  Died  at  Baltimore,  June  25,  1872.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853 
and  Trans.,  1873. 

*LucKEY,  William  N.  181  i.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Bond,  of  Balti- 
more, 1810;  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1811  (?).  Of 
Elizabethtown,  Lancaster  County,  Pa.  See  American  Medical  Re- 
corder, 1818,  and  list  of  1848. 

31  479 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Lumpkin,  Thomas  Morgan.  1890.  Born  in  Middlesex  County,  Va., 
April  12,  1864.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888;  Assistant 
Resident  Physician,  Maryland  General  Hospital,  1888-89;  Chief  of 
Dispensary,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889-92;  Demonstrator  of 
Minor  Surgery  and  Bandaging,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  for 
two  years.     602  South  Paca  Street,  Baltimore. 

Lyman,  Albert  Benedict.  1878.  Educated  at  St.  Paul's  School,  Con- 
cord, N.  H.,  the  University  of  Oxford,  University  College,  Lon- 
don, St.  Mary's  College,  London,  University  of  Heidelberg,  Uni- 
versity of  Giessen  and  the  Rotunda,  Dublin;  M.D.,  Giessen  (magna 
cum  laude),  1874;  L.M.,  Rotunda,  1875;  Medical  Cadet,  Red 
Cross  Society,  in  the  Prussian  Army  at  the  Siege  of  Metz,  1870- 
71 ;  inventor  of  the  universal  axis  Tractor  (Obstetric),  1890;  Pro- 
fessor of  Medical  Classics,  Baltimore  University,  1889-91.  504. 
South  Sharp  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Lynch,  John  S.  1875.  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  November 
24,  1828.  Educated  at  Camden  (Ala.)  Academy;  studied  law, 
1846-47;  pupil  of  Prof.  S.  Chew;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1853 ;  began  practice  at  Leonardtown,  Md. ;  removed  to  Baltimore, 
1854;  to  Clifton,  Ala.,  1858;  and  back  to  Baltimore,  1872;  Mem- 
ber of  the  Maryland  House  of  Delegates,  1857-58;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1857  and  1873 ;  Lieutenant,  C.  S.  A. ;  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Wilcox  County,  Ala.,  1870-71 ;  a  Founder,  and  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy, College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1872;  Pro- 
fessor of  Practice,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1873-88; 
President,  Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  1876-77;  Pro- 
fessor of  Practic"  of  Medicine,  Woman' l  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1882-84;  Lecturer  on  Pathology,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
1884-86;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1883-84. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  September  27,   1888. 

*Lynch,  Samuel  D.  Born  in  Pennsylvania,  1814.  M.D.,  Washington 
Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1834;  practiced  twenty-one  years  in 
Anne  Arundel  County.  Died  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
February,   1871. 

*Lynch,  Thomas.  1815.  Of  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  See  list  of 
1848.  ("Lynch,  Thos.  A.,  1847,  Md.,"  died  in  St.  Mary's  County, 
Md.,  May  20,  1893,  st.  70.  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land.) 

Lynch,  Thomas  Hooper.  1899.  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1869;  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  A.  Lynch,  of  the  same  county. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Educated  at  Glenwood  Institute,  Howard  County;  M.D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1890,  and  has  practiced  ever 
since  in  his  native  county.     P.  O.,  Valley  Lee. 

Lynde^  J.  D.     1855.     Was  on  standing  committees,  1855-56. 

*Lynn,  George.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md., 
1756;  son  of  Judge  David  Lynn,  of  Frederick  County,  a  native  of 
Dublin.  Married  Nancy  Venable ;  had  no  children ;  entered  the 
Continental  Army  while  yet  in  his  teens ;  practiced  at  Newtown, 
Frederick  County,  Va.,  but  removed  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  1847. 
"Neat  in  person  and  dress ;  his  boots  must  shine  like  satin ;  quiet 
and  reserved,  kindly  and  generous."     Died  at  Cumberland,  1852. 

*LyNN,  George,  Jr.  1854.  Born  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  August  8, 
1805 ;  nephew  and  student  of  George  Lynn,  Founder.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1829;  practiced  at  Newtown,  Frederick 
County,  Va. ;  returned  to  Cumberland,  1841 ;  about  1856,  gave  up 
practice  and  engaged  in  manufacturing.  Died  at  Cumberland, 
Md.,  December  8,  i860. 

*LyoN,  Samuel  Hall.  1827  (?).  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
about  1800;  son  of  Major  Robert  Lyon,  of  Baltimore  County.  A.B., 
Harvard ;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Buckler ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1827;  Physician  to  Baltimore  General  Dispensary;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1828-34.  Died  at  Booneville, 
Mo.,  October,  1840. 

*Macaulay,  Patrick.  1815.  Born  at  Yorktown,  Va.,  1792.  Educated 
at  St.  Mary's  College;  pupil  of  Rush  (Q.)  ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1815 ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dis- 
pensary, 1815-16;  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.'  S.  A.,  at  Fort 
Mifflin,  Del.,  April  8,  1814;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1817-18;  Corresponding  Secretary  and  Censor,  1818-19; 
Orator,  1823 ;  a  Founder  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Science, 
1819;  President  of  the  same,  1836;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine, 
Maryland  Hospital,  1822;  Co-Editor,  The  North  American,  1827; 
Member  of  the  City  Council,  1827-30;  Director  of  the  Bal- 
timore and  Ohio  Railroad,  1828.  Died  at  Baltimore,  September, 
1849. 

MacCalman,  Duncan.  1896.  Born  in  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  Feb- 
ruary 5,  1865.  Educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Glasgow;  M.D., 
Baltimore    Medical    College,    1895 ;    Resident    Physician,    Maryland 

481 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

General  Hospital,  1895-97;  Demonstrator  of  Surgery,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1897-98;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1898 — ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fourth  Regiment  of 
Infantry,  M.  N.  G.     Maryland  General  Hospital,  Baltimore. 

*Mace,  Charles  R.  1812.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  1783. 
Practiced  at  Rossville,  Baltimore  County.  Died  there  July  16,  1840. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Mace,  John.  Born  at  Church  Creek,  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  July  14, 
1861.  A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md.,  1881;  A.M., 
1885 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887 ;  Surgeon,  United  Chari- 
ties Hospital;  Medical  Examiner,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company 
of  New  York  and  Prudential.     P.  O.,  Cambridge,  Md. 

*Mace,  John.  1802  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1802; 
Censor,  Baltimore  County,  1822.  Of  Hunting  Creek  Mill,  Caroline 
County,  Md. ;  later,  of  Frederica,  Del.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Mace,  Samuel  Veirs.  1858.  Born  at  Rossville,  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  1828;  son  of  Charles  R.  Mace.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1849;  practiced  in  Baltimore  and  Cecil  Counties.  Died  in  Cecil 
County,  1864. 

*Mace,  S.  Veirs.  1892.  Born  near  Rossville,  Baltimore  County, 
January,  i860.  Educated  at  Western  Maryland  College.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1884.  Died  at  Rossville,  October  14, 
1899. 

*Macgill,  Charles.  1832.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1806.  Graduated  from 
Baltimore  College,  1823 ;  pupil  of  Dr.  Charles  G.  Worthing- 
ton;  M.D.,  ■  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  Resident  Physician, 
Almshouse ;  practiced  at  Martinsburg ;  later,  at  Hagerstown ;  a 
Founder  of  Hagerstozvn  Mail,  1828;  later,  of  Martinsburg  Repub- 
lican; Visitor  to  West  Point,  1839;  Presidential  Elector  for  Van 
Buren,  1840;  Major-General,  Maryland  Militia;  arrested  and  con- 
fined in  Northern  forts,  1861-62;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1863-65;  after 
the  War  settled  at  Richmond.  Died  at  Mineola,  Chesterfield 
County,  Va.,  May  5,  1881. 

Macgill,  Charles  C.  W.  1879.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  May  10, 
1833.  Pupil  of  his  father  (Dr.  C.  Macgill)  ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1856;  practiced  at  Hagerstown,  1856-62;  Surgeon,  Second 
Virginia  Infantry,  C.   S.  A.,   1862-65 ;  settled  at  Catonsville,   1865 ; 

482 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Vice-President,   Medical   and   Chirurgical   Faculty,    1889-90 ;    Presi- 
dent, First  National  Bank,  Catonsville,  Md. 

Macgill,  John  Charles.  1892.  Born  at  Catonsville,  Md.,  December 
25,  1869;  son  of  last-named.  Educated  at  Carey's  School;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1891  ;  Assistant  in  Surgical  Department, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891-92 ;  since  1892  in  practice  at  Catons- 
ville. 

*Macgill,  William  D.  1823.  Born  in  Maryland,  1802.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1823 ;  removed  to  Hagerstown,  where  he 
practiced  until  his  death;  tied  successfully  both  carotids  in  the  same 
subject,  1823,  with  an  interval  of  one  month,  on  account  of  a  fun- 
gous growth  in  the  orbit  of  each  eye,  the  first  time  the  operation  had 
been  done  in  America  and  second  time  in  the  world  (New  York 
Medical  and  Physical  Journal,  vol.  iv,  1825 — Q.)  ;  performed  the  first 
lithotomy  in  Washington  County,  1825.  Died  at  Hagerstown, 
March  13,  1833. 

*Mack:all,  Leonard.  1829.  Born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  1803.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1826;  D.S.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January  i, 
1892.     See   lists  of   1848,    1853  and   1873. 

*Mackall,  Louis.  Born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  January  7,  1801.  Edu- 
cated at  Dr.  Carnahan's  School ;  student  of  Dr.  Charles  Worthing- 
ton;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  settled  in  Prince 
George  County,  Md. ;  removed  tO'  Georgetown,  1840;  author  of 
"An  Account  of  the  Reasoning  Process,"  Washington,  1850; 
"Notes  on  Carpenter's  Physiology,"  Washington,  1852;  attention 
principally  directed   to    Physiology.     Died   at  Georgetown,    1876. 

Mackall,  Louis,  Jr.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  April  10, 
1831.  Educated  at  Georgetown  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  185 1  ;  has  resided  since  at  Georgetown;  Vice-President 
and  President,  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia ;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  President, 
Association  of  Alumni  of  the  University  of  Maryland  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. ;  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Georgetown  Col- 
lege; Ex-Professor  of  Physiology,  Georgetown  College. 

*Mackall,  Richard.  1831-32.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  January 
21,  1805.  Practiced  in  Calvert  County;  Member  of  the  Maryland 
Legislature,  1829;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1838; 
Register   of  Wills,    1849-55 ;    Member   of  the   House   of  Delegates 

483 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  State  Senate,  1864-68;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1868;  Coroner  of 
Baltimore,  1872 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873 ;  Attending  Physician, 
Southern  Dispensary.    Died  at  Baltimore,  March  2,  1875. 

*Mackall,  Richard  Covington.  Born  at  Elkton,  Md.,  1821.  D.D.S., 
Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1841  (first  class)  ;  practiced 
at  St.  Louis ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1847 ;  practiced  at 
Savannah,  Ga. ;  settled  after  the  War  at  the  head  of  Elk  River, 
Cecil  County,  Md. ;  edited  the  Cecil  Democrat,  1873-76;  Member  of 
Legislature,  1887.    Died  at  Elkton,  Md.,  February  16,  1902. 

*Mackelfeesh,  J.  Censor,  1819.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  Ameri- 
can Medical  Recorder. 

\ 

*Mackenzie,  Colin.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1775. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  George  Brown;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1797;  partner  of  Dr.  G.  Brown;  Physician  to  St.  Andrew's  So- 
ciety, 1815-26;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  City  Hospital, 
1799-1808;  Drs.  Mackenzie  and  Smyth  leased  the  Baltimore  City 
Hospital  in  1808  and  managed  it  successfully  until  1819,  when 
Dr.  Mackenzie  became  sole  lessee  until  1827.  (In  1805,  with  Dr. 
James  Smyth,  reduced  a  dislocated  humerus  of  nearly  six  months' 
standing — ^"Dorsey's  Surgery.")  Died  at  Baltimore,  September  i, 
1827. 

Mackenzie,  Edward  Everett.  1885.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  19, 
1858;  son  of  Thomas  Mackenzie.  Educated  at  the  University  of 
Maryland  School  of  Letters;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884; 
Instructor  in  Pharmacy,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1886-90;  Lecturer  on  Pharmacy,  1890-91;  Medical  Director,  Imme- 
diate Benefit  Life  Insurance  Company,  1890+.  1339  West  North 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Mackenzie,  George  Brown.  1830.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1807;  son  of 
Colin  Mackenzie.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828 ;  Physician  to 
Cholera  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1832.     Died  at  Baltimore,   1833. 

^Mackenzie,  John  Carrere.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1824.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1847.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1866. 

Mackenzie,  John  Noland.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  20, 
1853.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University 
of  Virginia,  1876;  M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1877;  Assist- 
ant  on    Medical    Stafif,    Bellevue   Hospital,    1877-78,    and    Resident 

484 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Physician,  1878-79 ;  Interne,  Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin ;  Chief  of 
Clinic,  under  Dr.  Morell  Mackenzie,  Hospital  for  the  Diseases  of 
the  Throat  and  Chest,  Golden  Square,  London;  studied  with 
Ziemssen  and  Oertel  at  the  University  of  Miinich  and  at  Vienna; 
returned  to  Baltimore,  as  Specialist  in  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and 
Throat;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Charity  Hospital,  1882;  Clinical  Professor,  Diseases  of  Throat 
and  Nose,  University  of  Maryland,  1888-97;  Clinical  Professor, 
Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1889 — ;  President,  American  Laryngological  Association,  1889-go; 
author  of  articles  in  "Wood's  Reference  Hand-Book  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,"  edited  by  Buck,  and  "Keating's  Cyclopaedia  of  the  Dis- 
eases of  Children."     605  North   Charles   Street,  Baltimore. 

^Mackenzie,  John  Pinkerton.  1822.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  8, 
1800.  Pupil  of  Dr.  George  Brown  and  of  his  father  (Dr.  Colin 
Mackenzie)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  partner  of  his 
father,  on  whose  death  he  became  Superintendent  of  the  Maryland 
Hospital,  which  position  he  held  from  1827  to  1832,  when  it  was 
turned  over  to  the  State;  Physician  to  St.  Andrew's  Society  for 
thirty-six  years.  A  physician  of  high  honor  and  professional  skill. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  January  14,  1864. 

*Mackrill,  Joseph.  1801  (?).  Published  a  paper  on  "Yellow  Fever" 
at  Baltimore,  1796 ;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1805 ;  later,  of  Cape  of 
Good  Hope.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Macnoughty^  W.  O.  M.D.  Of  Allegany  County,  Md.  (There  is  a 
Macoughtry,  William  O.,  Va.,  1837,  Catalogue  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania).     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Maddox,  Thomas  Harris.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh, 
1816.     Of  Alexandria,  Red  River.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Maddux,  Thomas  Clay.  1874.  Born  in  Fauquier  County,  Va.,  Feb- 
ruary 10,  1836.  Educated  at  Alexandria  (Va.)  Academy;  M.D., 
Winchester  Medical  College,  1859;  practiced  near  Winchester  and 
at  Richmond ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  practiced  at  Richmond, 
1865-72 ;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1872 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873 ; 
killed  in  election  fracas  at  Odenton,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
November  8,  1881. 

*Magraw,  James  M.  1878.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  :\Id.,  1841.  M.D., 
University    of    Pennsylvania,    1866;    Register    of    Wills,    Harford 

485 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

County,  1885-89.     Died  at  Thomas  Run,  Harford  County,  July  13, 


*Magruder,  Robert  Pottinger.  1832.  Pupil  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Magruder, 
of  Montgomery  County;  M.D.  (Dr.  W.  E.  Magruder,  Sr.,  of 
Baltimore,  says  he  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Maryland; 
the  name  does  not,  however,  appear  in  the  Catalogue)  ;  practiced 
at  Shepherdstown,  W.  Va.  Died  at  Shepherdstown  after  the  War. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Magruder,  William  Bowie.  1825.  Son  of  Zadok  Magruder.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1825 ;  is  credited  to  Baltimore,  1826.  "A 
farmer  and  physician  of  untiring  energy."  Died  in  Montgomery 
County,  Md.,  1873.     See  list  of  1848. 

Magruder,  William  E.  1886.  Born  at  Brookeville,  Montgomery 
County,  Md.,  August  3,  1834.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1854. 
Of  Olney,  Md. 

Magruder,  W.  Edward.  1896.  Born  at  Sandy  Spring,  Montgomery 
County,  Md.,  June  9,  1873 ;  son  of  last-named.  M.D.,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1895 ;  Dispensary  Physician,  Baltimore  Medical 
College,  1895-97;  Assistant  in  Diseases  of  Children,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons.     922  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Magruder,  Zadok,  Jr.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  May  10,  1765.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the  College  of 
Medicine  of  Philadelphia;  credited  with  M.D.  there,  1786,  but  his 
name  not  in  the  Catalogue ;  Censor,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty;  cultivated  a  large  farm  besides  practicing.  Died  Decem- 
ber 2,  1809. 

*Maguire,  Charles.  1829.  Born  in  Ireland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1829;  resided  at  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore,  1847, 
after  a  protracted  illness.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Maguire,  Robert.  1816.  A.M.,  St.  John's,  1804  (Q-)-  Died  in 
Kent  County,  1822  (Q.).  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  (There 
is  a  McGuire,  R.  V.,  born  — ;  appointed  from  Maryland,  Major  and 
Surgeon,  Mounted  Rifles,  April  12,  1822;  dropped,  December  27, 
1820 — Hammersley. ) 

*Mahon,  Ormsby  S.  Born  in  Pennsylvania,  1826.  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1849.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  3,  1894. 

aS6 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Mallet,  John  William.  Honorary.  i8Si.  Born  at  Dublin,  Ireland, 
October  lo,  1832;  son  of  Robert  Mallet.  A.B.,  University  of  Dub- 
lin; Ph.D.,  Gottingen,  1852;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Loui- 
siana, 1868;  LL.D.,  William  and  Mary,  Princeton  and  the  University 
of  Mississippi;  F.R.S.,  1880,  and  F.C.S.,  London;  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  Amherst  College,  1854,  University  of  Alabama,  1856, 
University  of  Louisiana,  1863,  University  of  Texas,  1883,  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  1884-85,  and  University  of  Virginia,  1867-72  and 
1885 — ;  on  Alabama  Geological  Survey;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Artil- 
lery, and  Superintendent  Ordnance  Laboratory,  C.  S.  A. ;  Orator, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1880;  President,  American  Chem- 
ical Society,  1882.  "In  industrial  chemistry  or  chemistry  applied 
to  the  arts  and  manufactures,  he  has  probably  no  superior  in  the 
United  States."     See  Appleton's  "Cyclopaedia  of  Biography." 

Malone,  Frederick  R.  1897.  Born  at  Greensboro,  Caroline  County, 
Md.,  August  25,  1859.  A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown, 
Md.,  1880 ;  medical  student  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  1880-81 ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1882;  County  Health  Officer  for 
four  years ;  practices  at  Greensboro,  Md. 

Mann,  Arthur  Howard,  Jr.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  29, 
1869.  Educated  at  the  Friends'  School  and  Oxford  School; 
pupil  of  Doctor  Tiffany;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890; 
at  Vienna,  1890-91 ;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1895-96;  Chief  of  Clinic  of  Surgery,  University 
of  Maryland,  1896-97;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery,  University  of 
Maryland,  1897+ ;  Surgeon,  Bayview  Hospital.  934  Madison  Ave- 
nue, Baltimore. 

♦Manning,  Henry  E.  T.  1877.  Born  in  North  Carolina.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1869;  Founder  and  Joint  Editor,  Maryland 
Medical  Journal,   1877;  moved  to  Texas   and  died  there. 

Manro,  Jon.\than,  Jr.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of 
Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Mansfield,  Arthur  D.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  25,  1868. 
Graduate  Baltimore  City  College,  1886;  attended  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890;  at  London  and 
Berlin,  1890-91 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Hospital,  1891-97;  Specialist  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases.  129 
South  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

487 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Mansfield,  Richard  W.  i88i.  horn  near  Chestertown,  Kent  County, 
Md.,  December  14,  1840.  Graduate  City  College,  Baltimore,  1858; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1863;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 
1863-65 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873.    Died  at  Baltimore,  June  2,  1898. 

Harden,  Tilghman  Brice.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  6,  1870. 
A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1892 ;  Resident  Physician,  Good  Samaritan  Hospital ;  Dem- 
onstrator of  Histology,  Woman's  Medical  College;  Demonstrator 
of  Chemistry,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  Lecturer  on  Histology, 
Baltimore  Medical  College ;  at  present,  Associate  Professor  of 
Biology  and  Histology,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  author  of 
"Manual  of  Normal  Histology,"  8vo.  2910  Huntingdon  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*Maris^  EDVi^ARD  Alexander.  1848.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  19, 
1820.  Educated  in  the  Collegiate  Department  of  the  University 
of  Maryland,  1833-37;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Buckler;  M.D.,  Medical 
Department,  University  of  Maryland,  1841;  Attending  Physician, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1842-43;  Vaccine  Physician,  1846; 
Died  at  Baltimore,  April  20,  1902. 

*Marlow,  Thomas.  1818.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Va."), 
1818.     Of  Frederick  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Marrast,  John.  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1818.  Of  Ala- 
bama. See  list  of  1848.  (In  Hammersley,  there  is  a  Marrast,  John 
C,  U.  S.  A.;  born  in  Alabama;  appointed  from  Alabama,  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry,  April  9,  1847;  disbanded, 
July  15,  1848.     Probably  a  son.) 

*Marsh,  Grafton.  Born  near  Towson,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  June 
17,  1792.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1813 ;  Surgeon  Militia,  War  of  1812.  An 
eminent  practitioner;  never  married.  Died  at  Towson,  Md.,  Novem- 
ber 10,  1825. 

*Marsh,  John  Eccleston.  1844.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  June  2,  1820. 
son  of  Elias  Marsh.  Not  an  M.D. ;  resided  at  Chestertown;  later, 
at  Head  of  Sassafras,  Cecil  County,  Md. ;  during  the  3rellow  fever 
epidemic  at  Norfolk,  1855,  he  volunteered  his  services  and  re- 
mained during  the  epidemic ;  then  located  at  Jamesburg,  N.  J. ; 
after  remaining  there  for  several  years,  finally  settled  at  South 
Amboy.  Died  from  sunstroke,  at  South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  July  8,  1867. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

488 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Marsh^  Josiah.  1825.  Born  near  Towson,  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
June  15,  1797.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1819;  practiced  at  Towson,  Md.,  partner  of  his 
brother  Grafton;  Censor  of  Baltimore  County,  1840;  married,  but 
had  no  children.    Died  at  Towson,  August  17,  1850. 

Marsh^  William  H.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  14,  1851. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1876;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
United  States  Marine  Hospital  Service;  Medical  Examiner,  Mu- 
tual Life  Insurance  Company,  of  New  York;  practices  at  Solo- 
mon's, Calvert  County,  Md. 

*Marshall,  William.  Founder.  1799  and  1830.  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Second  Maryland  Regiment,  Lieut-Col.  Thomas  Woolford,  and  at 
the  Hospital,  1778  (Q.)  ;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Washington  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1830.  Of  Piscataway,  Prince  George  County, 
Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Martenet,  J.  FusSELL.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  5,  1858.  Edu- 
cated at  Steuart  Hall,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1880;  Vaccine  Physician,  1881-83;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of 
the  Throat  and  Chest,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
1888-91;  Lecturer  on  Hygiene,  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Dis- 
eases of  the  Throat  and  Chest,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1891-93; 
Clinical  Assistant  in  Diseases  of  Children,  Johns  Hopkins  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  1890-96;  State  Vaccine  Agent  for  Maryland, 
1896-1901 ;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Society.  1701 
North  Caroline  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Martin,  Ennalls.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Hampden,  Talbot 
County,  Md.,  August  23,  1758.  Educated  at  Newark  (Del.) 
Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  Shippen,  Philadelphia;  Surgeon's  Mate 
to  the  Maryland  Line  in  the  Revolution,  June  i,  1777,  to  Febru- 
ary 16,  1780  (Saffell)  ;  M.B.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1782; 
began  practice  at  Easton,  1782;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1807;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1818; 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1815-20,  declining 
reelection  in  1820 ;  resided  at  Baltimore  for  some  years,  about  1815- 
20;  author  of  "An  Essay  on  Epidemics  of  the  Winters  of  1813  and 
1814  in  Talbot  and  Queen  Anne's  Counties,  Md.,"  Baltimore,  1815. 
A  devoted  and  scientific  agriculturist.  From  his  brusque  manners 
he  was  called  the  "Abernethy  of  Talbot."  Of  great  bodily  strength, 
tenacious  of  his  opinions ;  delighted  in  surgery,  a  zealous  follower 
of  Rush.  Died  at  Easton,  December  16,  1834,  leaving  a  large  fam- 
ily.   (His  wife,  Sarah  Hayward  Martin,  died  June  3,  1835,  aged  68.) 

489 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

MartiNj  Frank.  1892.  Born  at  Brookeville,  Md.,  October  21,  1863. 
Educated  at  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1886;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital, 
1887-92;  Assistant  to  the  Surgical  Clinic,  and  later.  Lecturer  on 
Practice  of  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland;  now  Clinical  Profes- 
sor of  Surgery ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bayview  Asylum.  1000  Cathedral 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Martin^  George  T.  1818.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  April  17,  1793 ;  son 
of  Ennalls  Martin.  Pupil  of  his  father;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1819;  practiced  at  Denton,  Caroline  County,  for 
twenty-five  years;  Censor  for  Caroline  County,  Md.,  1826-29,  1840, 
and  1841;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1845 ;  engaged  in  the  wholesale 
drug  business  at  Baltimore ;  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the 
Western  Shore  reported  his  empirical  advertisements  in  1848,  for 
which  he  was  expelled  from  the  Society;  he  was  probably  rein- 
stated ;  practiced  at  Baltimore  for  eleven  years ;  moved  to  Elkridge 
Landing,  Md.,  and  practiced  there  until  his  death.  Died  at  Elk- 
ridge Landing,  Howard  County,  November  18,  i860.  See  list  of 
1848. 

Martin,  H.  B.  1880.  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  (There  is  a  Martin,' 
Howard,   1885,  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  Jefferson  Catalogue.) 

*Martin,  Henry  Newell.  Honorary.  1894.  Born  at  Newry,  Ire- 
land, 1848.  Graduated  from  Cambridge  University;  Fellow  of 
Christ's  College,  Cambridge  University;  Dr.Sci.,  London  Uni- 
versity; M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Georgia;  F.R.S. ; 
Professor  of  Biology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1876-93 ;  re- 
signed, 1893;  Orator,  1879  and  1885;  author  (with  Huxley)  of 
"Manual  of  Elementary  Biology,"  1875 ;  "The  Human  Body,"  1881 ; 
Editor  of  Studies  from  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins University.  "By  his  brilliant  work  as  investigator,  teacher  and 
author  he  advanced  knowledge  and  exerted  a  wide  and  enduring 
influence"  (Memorial  Tablet).  Died  at  Burley,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, October  2y,  1898. 

*Martin,  James  Stansbury.  1879.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  2,  1824. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  College  and  Carter's  Academy,  New  Wind- 
sor, Md. ;  student  of  Dr.  Samuel  B.  Martin;  M.D.,  Washington 
University,  1844;  began  practice  at  Baltimore;  Resident  Physician, 
Baltimore  Almshouse,  1846-47;  in  California,  1849-55;  Surgeon, 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Service;  returned  to  Baltimore;  Vaccine 
Physician,   1857-59;   removed  to  Brookeville,   Md.,   1861 ;  practiced 

490 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  Brookeville  until  1895;  after  that  at  Baltimore.     Died  at  Balti- 
more, April   14,   1900. 

*Martin,  John  S.  1801  (?).  Censor  of  Worcester  County,  1826 
(American  Medical  Recorder)  ;  Censor,  1831  (American  Journal  of 
the  Medical  Sciences)  ;  Censor,  1840  (Maryland  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Journal).  Of  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Martin,  John  S.  Born  March  28,  1816.  Of  Snow  Hill,  Worcester 
County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Martin,  Joseph  Blair.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1800;  brother  of  S.  B.  Mar- 
tin. Moved  to  Ohio  when  very  young;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1823;  Assistant  Commissioner  of  Health,  Baltimore,  1840+. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  1847. 

*Martin,  Samuel  Blair.  1810.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May,  1785.  Studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  James  Smith,  of  Baltimore;  attended  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1806  or  1807;  Surgeon,  Packet  Ship 
"Rebecca,"  and  taken  prisoner  by  the  British ;  Surgeon,  First  Rifle 
Battalion  of  the  Maryland  Militia,  1814;  captured  at  the  Battle 
of  Bladensburg;  being  released,  took  part  in  the  Battle  of 
North  Point;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1838; 
Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1851 ;  Health  Officer,  Bal- 
timore; Surgeon  to  "Old  Defenders."  Died  at  Baltimore,  Decem- 
ber 21,   1875. 

♦Martindale,  Samuel.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823. 
Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

Mason,  Augustine  S.  1890.  Born  in  Stafford  County,  Va.,  January  25, 
1834.  Educated  at  Fredericksburg  Academy;  M.D.,  Medical  College 
of  Virginia,  1853;  practiced  at  Falmouth  and  Fredericksburg  till 
1861 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  has  practiced  at  Hagerstown  since 
1867. 

*Mason,  John  H.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Va."), 
1818.     Of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Massenburg,  Richard  C.  1897.  Born  at  Hampton,  Va.,  June  6, 
1845.  Educated  at  Hampton  Military  Academy;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1884 ;  practices  at  Towson,  Md. 

491 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Mathews,  William.  i8oi  (?).  Arrived  at  Baltimore,  1799  (Q.). 
Surgeon's  Mate,  Thirty-fifth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia,  1810, 
Queen  Anne's  County  (Q.)-     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Mathews,  William  P.  Resided  at  Baltimore,  1802.  Died  at  Ellicott's 
Mills,  1822  (Q.)-  See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked  dead  in  the  latter.     (A  Mathews  was  licensed  in  1822.) 

Matthews,  Robert  M.  1887.  Born  April  5,  1853;  son  of  Joshua 
Matthews.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1886;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Maryland  General  Hospital,  1886-87;  practices  at  Gambrill's, 
Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. 

*Mathieu,  Ferdinand  Charles.  Born  at  Salingen,  Prussia,  1849. 
Studied  at  Universities  of  Bonn  and  Wiirzburg;  M.D.,  University 
of  Bonn,  1868;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1870.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Jan- 
uary 7,  1890. 

Maxwell,  John.  (There  is  a  "Maxwell,  John  G.,  Del.,  1819," 
Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.)     See  list  of  1848. 

*Maxwell,  R.  G.  See  list  of  1848.  (There  is  a  "Maxwell,  R.  T.,  Del., 
1840,"  University  of  Pennsylvania  Catalogue;  also  same  name. 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  September  8,  1841 ;  resigned,  April 
16,   1851 — Hammersley.) 

Maxwell,  William  Steele.  18B4.  Born  at  Still  Pond,  Md.,  April 
25,  1851.  Educated  at  Reynolds'  Classical  School,  Wilmington, 
Del.;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873.  Of  Still  Pond,  Kent 
County,  Md. 

*May,  John  Frederick.  1837.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1812. 
M.D.,  Columbian  College,  Washington,  1834;  studied  at  Paris; 
Professor  of  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland  (Trustees'  School), 
1837-39;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Columbian  Col- 
lege, Washington,  1839;  later,  Professor  of  Surgery,  Columbian 
College.    Died  at  Washington,  May  i,  1891. 

*Maynadier,  Henry.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1756.  Surgeon  in  Revo- 
lution; at  Battle  of  Brandywine  extracted  ball  from  leg  of  Lafay- 
ette.    Died  at  Annapolis,   Md.,   November  11,    1849. 

^''Maynard,  Clinton.  1879.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870. 
At  Winchester,  Va.  (Polk's  Directory,  1886-98).  Died  at  Balti- 
more. 

492 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Mayo,  Robert.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1808.  Of  Rich- 
mond, Va.    Died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  about  1866.     See  list  of  1848. 

McCabe,  James  D.  1836.  Licensed  as  Dental  Surgeon.  See  Treas- 
urer's book  and  list  of  1848. 

*McCaffry,  William.  1821.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822. 
See  list  of  1848. 

McCleary,  Standish.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1870.  M.D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1890;  Associate  Pro- 
fessor of  Pathology  and  Demonstrator  of  Histology  and  Path- 
ology, College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  present  title,  Associate 
Professor  of  Histology  and  Pathology.     1609  Linden  Avenue,  Balti- 


*McClellan,  David  Wentw^orth  Boisseau.  1853.  Born  near  Gettys- 
burg, Pa.,  1796;  son  of  William  McClellan.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1829;  practiced  and  taught  school  for  some  years  at 
Timonium,  Baltimore  County,  and  later,  1837-54,  practiced  at  Bal- 
timore ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1846  and  1853 ;  also  Dispensary  Physi- 
cian. Died  at  Baltimore,  May,  1854;  unmarried.  See  list  of  1853 
and  American,  May  7,  1854. 

McComas,  Henry  W.  1892.  Born  at  Oakland,  Md. ;  son  of  J.  L. 
McComas.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  has  practiced 
ever   since   at   Oakland. 

McCoMAS,  JosiAH  Lee.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  25,  1835. 
Educated  at  the  High  School  and  Newton  University,  Baltimore; 
pupil  of  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar;  graduated  from  the  School  of 
Design  of  Maryland  Institute;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1858; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Vice-President  and 
a  Founder  of  the  Pan-American  Medical  Congress ;  Vice-President, 
Congress  of  Medico-Climatologists,  World's  Fair  Exposition; 
Health  Ofificer,  Garrett  County;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad;  resides  at  Oakland,  Md. 

McCoNACHiE,  Alexander  Douglass.  1892.  Born  at  Woodstock,  On- 
tario, Canada,  August  22,  1864.  Educated  at  the  Normal  School, 
Toronto,  Canada.  D.D.S.  and  Medalist,  University  of  Maryland, 
1888 ;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist,  University  of  Maryland, 
1890 :  Resident  Physician,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospi- 
tal, Baltimore,   1891-92;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear 

493 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Throat  Hospital,  1892-1901,  and  Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Bayview 
Hospital,  1892 — ;  Associate  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Maryland 
Medical  College,  1901 — .    805  North  Qiarles  Street,  Baltimore. 

McCoRMiCK,  James  Lux.  1891.  Born  near  Napoleonville,  La.,  August 
18,  1857.  Educated  at  Virginia  Military  Institute;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1884;  practices  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md. 

McCoRMiCK^  Thomas  Pugh.  1886.  Born  in  Louisiana,  May  24,  1852. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1882-84.  1421  Eutaw  Place, 
Baltimore. 

McCoRMicK,  William  H.  Born  in  Fayette  County,  Pa.,  1826.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  Smith  Fuller,  of  Uniontown,  Pa.;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1854; 
began  practice  at  Donegal,  Ligonier  Valley,  Pa.,  1849;  came  to 
Grantsville,  Md.,  1854,  and  to  Cumberland,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided,  in  1863;  a  Founder  and  President  of  the  old  Allegany 
County  Medical  Association;  Vice-President,  Alumni  Association 
of  Jefferson  Medical  College.     See  Trans.,  1873. 

McCoy,  Robert.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of  Kent 
County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

McCrae,  Thomas.  1897.  Born  at  Guelph,  Ontario,  1870.  A.B.,  1891, 
and  M.B.,  1895,  University  of  Toronto;  Fellow  in  Biology, University 
of  Toronto,  1892-94;  M.R.C.S.,  England,  and  L.R.C.P.,  London, 
1900;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1896- 
1900;  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1900 — ;  Instruc- 
tor in  Medicine;  Associate  in  Medicine,  1902 — .  Address,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  Baltimore. 

*McCrea,  James.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead 
in  the  latter. 

*McCuLL0UGH,  Hugh.  1827.  Not  a  graduate.  Of  Baltimore.  In  list 
of  1848  marked  dead. 

'^McCuLLOUGH,  James  Haines,  Jr.  1815  (?).  Born  in  Maryland. 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1814;  appointed  from  Mary- 
land Garrison  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  July  7,  1814;  w'ounded  at  the 
Battle  of  North  Point,  September  12,  1814;  disbanded,  April  24, 
1816;  Member  of  the  Maryland  Senate;  Collector  of  the  Port; 
author  of  "Researches,  Philosophical  and  Antiquarian,  Concerning 

494 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Aboriginal  History  of  America,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1829;  "Evi- 
dences and  Doctrine  of  the  Christian  Religion,"  8vo,  1856.  (There 
were  several  editions  of  the  above — Q.)     Died  in  1836  (Q.). 

*McCuLLOUGH,  J.  Haines.  1889.  Born  at  the  homestead,  near  Rising 
Sun,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  September  15,  1837;  son  of  Williams  M. 
McCullough.  Educated  at  West  Nottingham  Academy,  Md., 
and  Tuscarora  College,  Pa. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861 ; 
spent  a  year  at  Baltimore  Infirmary;  located  in  practice  at  Rising 
Sun  for  two  years,  then  at  EUicott  City  for  one  year;  returned 
to  Cecil  County,  and  resided  at  Woodlawn  for  three  or  four  years; 
spent  three  or  four  years  at  Oakington,  Harford  County;  after 
this  settled  permanently  at  Port  Deposit,  about  1873;  Surgeon 
to  the  Railroad;  had  a  large  practice  until  his  death.  Died  at 
Port  Deposit,   Md.,  July  5,  1889. 

McCuRDY,  Ira  Jay.  1896.  Bom  at  York,  Pa.,  1869.  A.B.,  New 
Windsor  College;  M.D.,  Bellevue,  1892;  Surgeon,  Pennsylvania 
Railroad;  Secretary,  Medical  Society,  Frederick  County.  Of  Fred- 
erick   City,    Md. 

*McDaniel,  William.  1833.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1812.  Studied 
medicine  at  Washington ;  practiced  at  Prince  Fredericktown,  Calvert 
County,  Md. ;  not  a  graduate.  Died  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1886 
(Q.).     See   Polk's   Directory,    1886. 

McDevitt^  Edward  P.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  12,  1854.  A.B., 
and  A.M.,  Loyola  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1875. 
208  Aisquith  Street,  Baltimore. 

McDonald,  Griffin.     1833.     D.S.     See  list  of  1848. 

McDonald,  William  Bartholow.  1898.  Born  at  Clarksburg,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md.,  August  15,  1873 ;  son  of  Rev.  W.  A.  McDonald. 
Educated  at  Randolph-Macon  College,  Virginia ;  M.D.,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1897 ;  Medical  Examiner,  Theta  Conclave,  Improved 
Order  of  Heptasophs ;  Demonstrator  of  Minor  Surgery,  Baltimore 
^Medical  College.     1030  North  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

]\IcDowell,  Charles  Corfield.  1877.  Born  at  Waverly,  New  York, 
March  28,  1851.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1874;  Attending  Physician,  University  Hos- 
pital, 187s ;  Physician  to  Aged  Women's  Home  and  Baltimore 
Orphan    Asylum.     1521    West    Fayette    Street,    Baltimore. 

3-  495 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

McDowell,  John  B.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828 
("Md.")  ;  was  present  at  the  annual  meeting  of  1834.  Of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.     See  list  of  1848. 

*McDowELL,  Maxwell.  1810.  Born  in  1771.  A.M.,  Dickinson  Col- 
lege, 1792;  was  practicing  at  York,  Pa.,  1804;  Attending  Physician, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1810-11;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1818;  Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
University  of  Maryland,  1814-33;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland, 
1820,  1825-27;  Physician  to  St.  Andrew's  Society,  1826;  Secretary, 
Bible  Society,  1827;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,  1836-41.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1847. 

McDowell  William  J.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore.  Educated  at  Bal- 
timore City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1874;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Baltimore,  1877-78;  Sur- 
geon, Baltimore  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  and  Presbyterian  Eye, 
Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1874-80;  practiced  for  four- 
teen years  at  Jersey  City.    811  North  Carey  Street,  Baltimore. 

McElfresh,  Charles  Wesley.  1894.  Born  at  Fairmont,  Marion 
County,  W.  Va.,  May  30,  1866.  Educated  at  Fairmont  High 
School;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Reger;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1889;  Dispensary  Physician,  University  of  Maryland,  1889-90; 
Instructor  in  Clinical  Medicine,  1902 — .  854  West  Lombard  Street, 
Baltimore. 

McElfresh,  J.  H.  Born  near  Newmarket,  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  son 
of  Henry  McElfresh.  Moved  to  Frederick  City  and  gave  up  prac- 
tice.   See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*McElhinny,  Gustavus.  1818.  Born  in  Donegal  County,  Ireland, 
1796.  Practiced  in  Anne  Arundel  and  Howard  Counties ;  resided 
at  Elkridge  Landing,  Md.  Died  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  March 
9,   1842.     See   lists  of   1848  and   1853. 

McGann,  John  H.  1892.  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1890.  1134 
East  Lombard  Street,   Baltimore. 

McGee,  Henry  H.  1878.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 
Baltimore,  1877.     Of  Baltimore. 

*McGiLL,  Charles  B.  1823.  Born  in  Maryland.  Brother  of  Thomas 
J.  McGill   (University  of  Maryland,  1834),  of  Jefferson,  Frederick 

496 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

County,   Md.     M.B.,    University   of    Maryland,    1823.     See    Treas- 
urer's receipt. 

*McGiLL,  Wardlaw.  1874.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  May  22, 
1846.  Educated  at  Frederick  City  College;  attended  his  first 
course  of  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical  College;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1867 ;  practiced  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  for  seven  years ; 
health  failed ;  studied  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Diseases  under  Dr. 
J.  J.  Chisolm,  Baltimore;  settled  at  Asheville,  N.  C,  as  specialist, 
and  continued  as  such  until  his  death,  October  27,  1888. 

McGlannan,  Alexius,  Jr.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  24,  1872. 
B.S.,  Calvert  Hall,  1888;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy, 
1890 ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  189S ; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1895-96;  Assistant 
Resident  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  1896-97;  Physician  to 
St.  Elizabeth's  Home  for  Children,  1897 — ;  Associate  Professor 
of  Physiological  Chemistry,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
and  Demonstrator  of  Physiology,  1898 — .  2005  Madison  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*McHenry,  James.  Born  in  County  Antrim,  North  Ireland,  November 
16,  1753 ;  arrived  at  Baltimore  in  1771.  Educated  at  Dublin  and  New- 
ark, Del.;  pupil  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush;  accompanied  Washington 
to  Cambridge;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  January,  1776;  Surgeon, 
Fifth  Pennsylvania  Battalion,  1776;  taken  prisoner  at  Fort  Wash- 
ington; exchanged,  1778;  Private  Secretary  and  Aide-de-camp  to 
General  Washington,  1778;  on  the  Staff  of  Lafayette,  rank  of  Major, 
1780;  Member  of  Maryland  Legislature,  1787;  Member  of  United 
States  Constitutional  Convention,  1787;  Member  of  Maryland  Sen- 
ate, 1781-86;  Member  of  Congress,  1783-85;  repeatedly  elected  to 
Maryland  Legislature;  Secretary  of  War,  Washington's  Cabinet, 
1796-1801 ;  President,  Bible  Society,  1812;  Trustee  of  Baltimore 
City  College,  1803 ;  Fort  McHenry  was  named  after  him ;  through 
his  efforts  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  was 
established.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  3,  1816. 

McIntosh,  William  Page.  1882.  Born  in  Georgia,  1855.  Special 
course  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1879;  M.D.,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1882;  Resident  Physician,  Mary- 
land Maternite  and  Bayview  Asylum,  1883-85 ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
November  14,  1885;  Past  Assistant  Surgeon,  November  21,  1888; 
Surgeon,    May  20,    1899;    special   course   in  Biology  and  Hygiene, 

497 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Washington,   1899;  in  charge  of  Marine  Hospital   Service,  Mobile, 
Ala. ;   Member  of  Yellow  Fever  Institute. 

*McKeehan,  Samuel  L.  1828.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1829  ("Pa.").  Of  Frost  Town,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

McKenney,  William  N.  1836.  Licensed  Dental  Surgeon.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*McKew,  Dennis  I.  1854.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  5,  1829;  son 
of  Patrick  McKew.  A.B.,  1848,  and  A.M.,  1850,  St.  Mary's  College, 
Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850 ;  President,  Alumni 
Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1884.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
February  10,  1885. 

McKnew^  Wilberforce  Richmond.  Born  in  Prince  George  County, 
Md.,  September  28,  1839;  son  of  Thomas  McKnew.  Educated  at 
Hobart  College,  Geneva,  N.  Y. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1862; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  First  Maryland  Cavalry,  C.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  Sur- 
geon, Maryland  National  Guard,  Staff  of  General  Herbert.  1401 
Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*McKnight,  George  B.  1820.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D. ;  ap- 
pointed from  Pennsylvania  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  A.,  First  In- 
fantry, February  17,  1817;  resigned,  August  i,  1818;  Post  Surgeon, 
October  13,  1820 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  June  i,  1821 ;  resigned,  July  i, 
1824;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  May  16,  1829;  Surgeon,  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1838.  Died  May  13,  1857  (Hammersley).  See  list  of 
1848. 

*McLane,  Allen.  1831-32.  Born  at  Smyrna,  Kent  County,  Del., 
1785 ;  son  of  Col.  Allen  McLane,  U.  S.  A.  Educated  at  Princeton 
College;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1811;  began  practice 
at  New  Castle,  soon  after  removing  to  Wilmington,  where  he  set- 
tled permanently ;  served  in  the  War  of  1812 ;  Mayor  of  Wilming- 
ton.    Died  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  1845. 

*McLean,  Charles.  1830.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1808.  M.D., 
Columbian  College,  District  of  Columbia,  1828 ;  practiced  at  Toledo, 
O.,  and  Baltimore ;  also,  for  a  short  time,  until  1867,  at  Cockeysville, 
Baltimore  County ;  retired  from  practice  about  1875 ;  Specialist  in 
Orthopaedic  Surgery.     Died  at  Baltimore,   August   17,   1883. 

498 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*McMaster,  James.  1808.  Born  near  New  Church,  Accomac  County, 
Va.,  June  23,  1784;  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  McMaster  (born  in  Scot- 
land, 1744;  came  to  America,  1765;  died  1811;  Presbyterian  Cler- 
gyman of  Snow  Hill,  Md.).  Educated  at  the  Latin  School,  New 
Church.  Died  in  Worcester  County,  Md.,  August  6,  181 1. 
(Grandchildren  live  at  Hannibal,  Mo.) 

*McNeill,  Francis  A.  1836.  Not  an  M.D.  Of  Springfield,  111.  See 
Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

*McPherson,  John.  1801.  Of  Bryantown,  Charles  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

McPherson,  J.  W.  Of  Pomonkey,  Charles  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*McPherson,  Richard  W.  1826.  L.M.  Of  Charles  County,  Md.  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*McPherson,  William.  1809.  See  Treasurer's  book  and  Medical  and 
Physical  Recorder.  (Quinan  says  Dr.  Wm.  McPherson  died  in 
Charles  County  in  1842,  set.  56.) 

*McPherson,  William  Smith.  Born  in  Adams  County,  Pa.,  March 
4,  1792.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College;  began  practice  at  Fred- 
erick City,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1817;  removed 
to  Baltimore,  1843.  Died  at  Baltimore,  November  20,  1879.  See 
lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

McShane,  James  Francis.  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  Avigust  13, 
1851.  Educated  at  Loyola  College  and  graduated  from  there, 
1867;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  L.  Dashiell;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1870;  Vaccine  Physician,  1872-74  and  1876-79;  Assistant  Health 
Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1879-92;  Health  Commissioner,  1892-97; 
Lecturer  on  Hygiene,  Baltimore  Medical  College ;  later,  Associate 
Professor  of  Hygiene,  Baltimore  Medical  College.  2  South  Pat- 
terson Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

McSherry,  Henry  Clinton.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  i, 
1851 ;  son  of  Prof.  R.  McSherry.  Educated  at  Loyola  College ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872;  studied  in  Europe,  1874-75; 
Lecturer  on  the  Throat  and  Chest,  Spring  Course,  University  of 
Maryland;  Chief  of  Clinic,  University  of  Maryland,  1877;  a  Founder 
and    Professor   of   Diseases   of  the   Throat   and   Chest,   Baltimore 

499 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Polyclinic  and  Post-graduate  Medical  School,  1884;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital;  Surgeon,  Balti- 
more Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital.  612  North  Howard  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*McSherry,  Richard.  1851.  Born  at  Martinsburg,  Va.,  November  21, 
1817;  son  of  Dr.  R.  McSherry.  Educated  at  Georgetown  College; 
attended  lectures  at  the  Universities  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  184 1 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.S.A., 
1841-42,  serving  in  Florida  War;  Assistant  Surgeon  and  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1842-51,  serving  in  the  Mexican  War;  resigned,  1851, 
and  began  practice  at  Baltimore;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1862-63;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  1863-64; 
Professor  of  Practice,  University  of  Maryland,  1864-85 ;  a  Founder, 
and  the  first  President,  Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine,  1877-79  5 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1871-72  and  1882-83 ;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1883-84;  President  of  the  Maryland  State  Board  of  Health,  1884; 
author  of  "El  P'uchero,  or  a  Mixed  Dish  from  Mexico,"  8vo, 
Philadelphia,  1850;  "Essays  and  Lectures,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1869; 
"Health  and  How  to  Promote  It,"  i2mo,  New  York,  first  edition, 
1879;  second  edition,  1883.     Died  at  Baltimore,  October  7,  1885. 

Medcalfe,  William  H.  1853.  M.D. ;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore, 
1847-50.     Of  Baltimore;  later,  of  Chicago.     See  list  of  1853. 

Medders,  Charles  Hamilton.  1896.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md. ;  son 
of  Albert  Medders.  Educated  at  Schrew's  Academy;  courses  in 
Pharmacy  and  Law ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1894 ;  Resident 
Physician,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1894-95 ; 
Visiting  Physician  in  Eye  Diseases,  Bayview  Hospital ;  Specialist 
in  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases.    317  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Meeteer,  William  H.  1854.  Born  near  Newark,  Del.,  November, 
1824.  Educated  at  Delaware  College,  Newark;  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1847;  located  in  practice  the  same  year  in  Claiborne  County, 
Miss. ;  soon  after  removed  tO'  the  County  Seat,  Port  Gibson ;  owing 
to  the  climate,  returned  to  Delaware,  1850;  attended  Post-grad- 
uate Course  at  Jefferson ;  settled  at  Chestertown,  Kent  County, 
Md.,  1852;  partner  of  Dr.  P.  Wroth;  practiced  at  Chestertown  for 
thirty  years.     Died   at   Chestertown,    1882. 

Meierhof,  Edward  Lee.  1882.  Born  at  Philadelphia  in  i860;  son  of 
Meier  Meierhof.     Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  Uni- 

500 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versity  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  studied  with  Dr.  H.  Knapp  and  in  Eye 
and  Ear  Hospitals  of  New  York,  1883-84;  Professor  of  Ophthal- 
mology and  Otology  at  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1884-85 ;  removed 
to  New  York  City,  1885;  in  1897  at  Berlin  studying  Otology;  is  on 
the  Staff  of  Mount  Sinai  Hospital  and  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary.     1140  Madison  Avenue,  New  York. 

Mellus,  Edward  Lindon.  1898.  Born  in  Minnesota.  M.D.,  Jeffer- 
son, 1878;  Fellow  by  Courtesy,  in  Anatomy,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity.    ID  East  Chase  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Mercer,  William  N.  1812.  Born  in  Virginia.  Lived  in  Maryland', 
later,  at  New  Orleans;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1812; 
appointed  from  Virginia,  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate,  May  18,  1813; 
Major  and  Surgeon  of  the  Twenty-second  Infantry,  August  7, 
1813;  transferred  to  the  Twenty-third  Infantry,  April  11,  1814, 
Hospital  Surgeon,  November  22,  1814;  disbanded,  June  15,  1815 ; 
reinstated  as  Post  Surgeon,  May  17,  1816;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
June  I,  1821 ;  resigned,  July  i,  1821   (Hammersley). 

Merrick,  Samuel  K.  1875.  Born  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  August 
22,  1848.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872;  Professor,  Dis- 
eases of  Nose,  Throat  and  Chest,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  on 
Staff  of  Maryland  General  Hospital;  practice  limited  to  Nose, 
Throat  and  Chest.    843  North  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

Mereitt,  James  Black.  1898.  Born  at  Odessa,  Del.,  October  28, 
1858.  M.D.,  University  of  Vermont,  1879;  Visiting  Physician, 
Talbot  County  Almshouse;  practices  at  Easton,   Md. 

Merryman,  Moses  W.  1853.  Born  in  the  Eighth  District  of  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  February  15,  1827;  son  of  Micajah  Merryman, 
Jr.  Educated  at  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  graduating 
from  there  about  1847;  pupil  of  Dr.  S.  Chew;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1850;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physician,  1850- 
56;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1858-65; 
arrested  in  1862  and  confined  in  Fort  McHenry  for  three  weeks 
by  the  United  States  authorities ;  shortly  after  removed  to  his 
native  county,  settling  for  practice  at  Black  Run,  near  Cockeys- 
ville ;  retired  in  1882  and  spent  two  years  in  Europe ;  since  1895 
has  resided  at  Atlantic  City;  unmarried.     See  list  of  1853. 

Messick,  William  Irvin.  1897.  Born  at  Laurel,  Del.,  June  16,  1869; 
son  of  Samuel  C.  Messick.     AI.D.,  University  of  Maryland,   1895; 

501 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895-96; 
Clinical  Microscopist,  University  Hospital,  three  years ;  Lecturer 
on  Clinical  Medicine,  and  Visiting  Physician  for  Gastro-intestinal 
Diseases,  University  Hospital.  639  West  Dolphin  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*Mettauer,  John  Peter.  1836.  Born  in  Prince  Edward  County,  Va., 
1787;  son  of  a  French  Surgeon  who  came  to  America  with  Lafay- 
ette. M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809;  commenced  practice 
in  1809;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  College,  Baltimore, 
1835-37.  "A  man  of  scrupulous  integrity,  high  tone,  much  culture 
and  great  gravity  and  dignity  of  manner."  Died  at  "Worsham,"  Old 
Prince  Edward  Court  House,  Va.,  November  22,  1875.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*Mewburn,  James.  1821.  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See  lists 
of   1848  and   1853. 

Meyer,  Charles  H.  1892.  Born  at  Bremen,  Germany,  October  27, 
i860.  Educated  at  State  School,  Germany;  came  to  Balti- 
more in  1876;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1881 ;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888;  Medical  Examiner,  National 
Union  and  Shield  of  Honor.  1033  North  Caroline  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*MicHAEL,  Jacob  Edwin.  1875.  Born  at  Michaelsville,  Harford 
County,  Md.,  May  13,  1848.  Educated  at  St.  Timothy's  Hall, 
Catonsville,  Newark  Academy,  Del.,  and  Princeton;  A.B.,  Prince- 
ton, 1871 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873 ;  studied  at  Wiirz- 
burg  and  Vienna,  1873-74;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University 
of  Maryland,  1874-80;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1880-90;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  1890-95;  Dean,  University 
of  Maryland,  1886-90  and  1893-95 ;  Professor  of  Genito-urinary 
and  Rectal  Surgery,  Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884;  Editor  of  Mary- 
land Medical  Journal;  President  of  the  Clinical  Society  and  of 
Baltimore  Medical  Association;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty,  1885-86  and  1888-89;  President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1895 ;  President,  Alumni  Association,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1895 ;  Lecturer  on  "Early  Aid,"  Hospital  Relief 
Association  of  Maryland ;  President  of  Princeton  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation of  Maryland.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  7,  1895. 

MicHEAU,  Ellis.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  15,  1852.  M.D., 
College    of    Physicians    and    Surgeons,    Baltimore,    1875 ;    Vaccine 

502 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Physician  and  Station  House  Surgeon,   1881-83.     411   South  Sharp 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*MiDDLET0Nj  James.  1813.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1813 ; 
was  an  incorporator  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Maryland,  Balti- 
more, 1817.  Of  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore,  1818.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

*MiLES,  Benjamin  Briscoe.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  1840. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861-65;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1869;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873;  a 
Founder  of  Northeastern  Clinical  Association,  1876;  President  of 
Northeastern  Clinical  Association,  1877.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Febru- 
ary 8,  1878. 

*MiLES,  Edward.  1826.  Born  about  1795-98;  son  of  Nicholas  Miles, 
a  farmer.  Read  medicine  under  Dr.  Jesse  Jameson,  near  Bryan- 
town,  Charles  County,  Md. ;  attended  medical  lectures  at  Balti- 
more ;  not  a  graduate ;  practiced  in  Charles  County,  Md. ;  lived 
to  an   old  age;   married  three   times.     See  lists  of   1848  and   1853. 

Miles,  Francis  Turquand.  Born  near  Charleston,  S.  C,  about  1827. 
A.B.,  Charleston  College;  M.D.,  Medical  College  of  South  Caro- 
lina, 1849 ;  Assistant  Demonstrator,  Demonstrator  and  Assistant 
Professor  of  Anatomy,  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina ;  Profes- 
sor of  Physiological  Anatomy,  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina, 
i860;  in  the  War  of  1861,  a  private;  later,  Lieutenant;  Captain  of 
Infantry  at  Fort  Sumter;  in  command  of  Fort  Sumter  for  a  short 
time;  shot  through  the  thigh  in  the  Battle  of  Secessionville,  near 
Charleston,  1862 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1865 ;  resumed  his  chair  in  1865 ; 
removed  to  Baltimore,  1868;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Washington 
University  School  of  Medicine,  Baltimore,  1868-69 ;  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Clinical  Professor  of  Nervous  Diseases,  University  of 
Marj'land,  1869-80;  Professor  of  Physiology,  etc..  University  of 
JNIaryland,  1880 — ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland,  1874-75  and  1876-77 ;  President,  American  Neuro- 
logical Association,  1880-82;  Consulting  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital ;  author  of  "Pepper's  System  of  Medicine,"  and  "Keating's 
Encyclopaedia  of  Children."     514  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Milholland,  Edward  Francis.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September 
30,  1837.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1858;  Resident  Physician, 
Baltimore  Infirmary,  1860-64 ;  practicing  since  then  at  Baltimore. 
115  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

503 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

MiLHOLLAND,  Edward  Vincent.  1897.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  November 
17,  1873.  A.B.,  Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  1892 ;  A.M.,  Loyola  Col- 
lege, 1895 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1895 ;  Assistant  in  Path- 
ology and  Demonstrator  of  Diseases  of  Throat  and  Nose,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1900 — ;  Medical  Examiner  for  Maryland,  Knights 
of  Columbus.     115  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Miller,  Caspar  O.  1890.  M.D.,  University  ol  Virginia,  1887;  Johns 
Hopkins  Laboratory,  1887-91 ;  Lecturer  on  Histology  and  Pathology, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1889-91 ;  Lecturer  on  Histol- 
ogy and  Pathology,  Baltimore  Medical  College ;  Demonstrator  of 
Normal  and  Pathological  Histology,  University  of  Maryland,  1891- 
98;  moved  to  Shenandoah  County,  Va.,  1898. 

Miller,  DeWitt  Clinton  R.  1895.  Born  in  Washington  County,  Ma., 
December  26,  1866.  A.B.,  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  Pa., 
1886;  A.M.,  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  1889;  M.D., 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  i88g.     Of  Mason  and  Dixon,  Pa. 

*MiLLER,  Henry.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824.  Of  Bal- 
timore.   In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Miller,  James  Henry.  1825.  Born  at  Millerstown,  Adams  County, 
Pa.,  January  20,  1788.  A.M.,  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1808; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810;  practiced  at  Gettysburg; 
moved  to-  Baltimore,  1825 ;  Founder  of  Washington  Medical  Col- 
lege, Baltimore,  1827;  Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  Wash- 
ington Medical  College,  1827-32 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Phy- 
siology, Washington  Medical  College,  1835-42;  Orator,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  183 1 ;  Attending  Physician  to  the  Alms- 
house, 1833;  edited  A.  P.  W.  Phillip's  work  on  "Nature  and  Cure 
of  Diseases,"  etc.,  v^^ith  notes,  8vo,  Baltimore,  1831.  DieH  May  25, 
i8S3   (Q.). 

^Miller,  John.  1844.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1841.  Of  St. 
Michaels,  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  later,  of  Baltimore.  Died  about 
1895.     See  lists  of  1853  and  1873. 

Miller,  Samuel.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Va."), 
1836.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and  list  of  1848. 

*Mtller,  William  C.  Founder.  1799.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 
(In  the  cemetery  at  West  Nottingham  Church,  Cecil  County,  is 
this  inscription:    "William  C.  Miller,  M.D.,  died  October  3,   1826, 

504 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

aged  sixty-two  years.  He  held  a  commission  as  Colonel  in  the 
late  War  and  served  in  the  Councils  of  his  native  State  with  use- 
fulness and  integrity,  and  died  deeply  lamented  by  all  who  knew 
him."  "Dr.  Miller,  of  Cecil  County,"  was  a  member  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  Maryland,  1804.) 

Miller,  William.  1805  (?).  Of  Cecil  County  (American).  (This 
may  be  the  Founder,  q.  v.) 

Miller,  William  Preston.  1893.  Born  at  Hagerstown.  A.M. ;  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1887;  M.D.,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1892;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1894;  Assistant  Resident  Phj^sician,  Maryland  General  Hospital, 
1894-95;  Lecturer  on  Pathology,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1897-98; 
has  resided  at  Hagerstown,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  and  now 
resides  at  801   Poplar  Street,  Wilmington,  Del. 

MiLLiMAN,  Thomas  A.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  9,  1859. 
Graduated  from  St.  Mary's  College,  Wilmington,  Del.,  1877;  in 
business  at  Baltimore  eleven  years;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University, 
1888.     2607  York  Road,  Baltimore. 

Mills,  Edward.  L.M.  Of  Charles  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1853  ^^^ 
1873.     (This  may  be  Miles,  Edward,  q.  v.) 

Mills,  James  J.  1897.  Born  at  Derby,  England,  1863.  Lived  in  Vir- 
ginia since  childhood;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889;  has 
spent  several  summers  in  Europe  attending  the  clinics  at  London 
and  Paris;  since  1891,  Assistant  in  Ophthalmology  and  Otology, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary;  Visiting  Oculist  to  Bayview 
Hospital,  1899 ;  practice  limited  to  the  Eye  and  Ear.  853  Park 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

MiLTENBERGER,  George  Warner.  1842.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  17, 
1819;  son  of  Gen.  Anthony  Felix  Wybert  Miltenberger.  Educated 
at  Boisseau  Academy  and  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1840;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University 
of  Maryland,  1840-52 ;  President  of  the  Alumni  Association,  1844-45 
and  1880-81 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1846 ;  Attending  Surgeon,  Balti- 
more Infirmary,  1847-58 ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse, 
1849;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pathological  Anatomy, 
University  of  Maryland,  1852-58;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland, 
1855-69;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1855-56; 
Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  Maryland,  1858-91 ;  Emeritus 

505 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor  and  Honorary  President  of  the  Faculty,  University  of 
Maryland,  1891 — ;  President,  Baltimore  Obstetrical  and  Gynaeco- 
logical Society,  1885-86;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1886-87;  Consulting  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  319  West 
Monument   Street,   Baltimore. 

*MiTCHELL,  Abraham.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pa.,  1734.  Settled  at  Elkton,  Md.,  about  1759;  there  he  engaged 
in  practice  and  also  purchased  lands  and  devoted  himself  to  their 
successful  cultivation ;  his  practice  extended  through  three  coun- 
ties; during  the  Revolution  he  converted  his  residence  at  Elkton 
into  a  temporary  hospital  for  American  soldiers,  and  gave  pro- 
fessional service  to  the  cause;  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Ephraim  Thompson,  November  19,  1772.  Died  at  Fair  Hill,  Cecil 
County,  September  30,  1817.  (The  father  of  Col.  George  E. 
Mitchell,  q.  v.) 

*MiTCHELL,  Alexander.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Scotland,  1768.  Of  Cecil 
County,  Md.    Died  at  Bkdensburg,  Md.,  September  28,  1804. 

^Mitchell,  Charles  H.  1893.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  July 
29,  1857.  Educated  at  Milton  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  B.  R. 
Benson;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1879;  Sanitary  Officer,  Baltimore  County,  1886-88;  Examining  Phy- 
sician,  Shield  of  Honor.     Died  at  Hampden,   Baltimore,  July  22, 


Mitchell,  Charles  Wellman.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February 
4,  1859.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1879 ;  later,  A.M. ;  pupil  of  Dr.  J. 
E.  Michael ;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist,  University  of 
Maryland,  1881 ;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital,  1885- 
88;  Lecturer  on  Pathology,  University  of  Maryland,  1888-93;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  Children,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1893-94;  President  of  the  Medical  Society,  Univarsity  of 
Maryland,  1894-95 ;  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of 
Maryland,  1893 — ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  University  of 
Maryland,  1896-97 ;  Professor  of  the  Diseases  of  Children,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1897 — ;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland,  1897-1900; 
Visiting  Physician,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary.  211  West  Madi- 
son Street,  Baltimore. 

*Mitchell,  George  Edward.  1805  (?).  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md., 
March  3,  1781 ;  son  and  pupil  of  Dr.  A.  Mitchell,  Founder,  and 
his  partner  in  practice.     M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,   1805; 

506 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Member  of  the  Maryland  House  of  Delegates,  1808-09;  Member 
of  the  Executive  Council  and  President  of  it,  1809-12;  appointed 
JMajor  of  the  Third  Artillery,  May  i,  1812;  raised  a  company  of 
Volunteers  in  Cecil  County;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  March  3,  1813; 
Brevet  Colonel,  August  14,  1814  ("for  gallantry")  ;  resigned  from 
U.  S.  A.,  1821;  Member  of  Congress,  1822-27,  1829-32.  Physician, 
patriot,  soldier,  statesman ;  a  friend  of  Lafayette.  Died  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  June  28,  1832. 

^Mitchell,  James  E.  About  1872.  Born  at  West  River,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 20,  1843.  A.B.,  Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  1863;  pupil  of 
Dr.  F.  Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1865;  at  Belle- 
vue  Hospital,  New  York,  1865-66;  began  practice  at  Baltimore, 
1866;  owing  to  ill  health,  gave  up  work  in  1870  and  went  to  Europe. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  November  7,   1873    (Trans.,   1874). 

Mitchell,  Rufus  K.  1813.  Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  See 
list  of  1848. 

Mitchell,  S.  Weir.  Honorary.  1878.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  February 
15,  1829;  son  of  Dr.  J.  K.  Mitchell.  Educated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1850;  LL.D.,  Har- 
vard, 1886;  Physician  to  the  Southern  Dispensary,  1856;  Physician 
to  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  1858;  Sanitary  Inspector,  U.  S.  A.;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1863;  Physician  to  the  Presbyterian 
Hospital,  1872;  Physician  to  the  Orthopaedic  Hospital  and  Infirmary 
for  Nervous  Diseases,  1872;  Consulting  Physician,  State  Lying-in 
Hospital  and  Infinnary,  1872;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1877;  Physician  to  the  Insane  Department  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Hospital,  1884;  Vice-President,  College  of  Physicians, 
Philadelphia,  1884-86;  President,  College  of  Physicians,  1886-89; 
President,  American  Association  of  Physicians,  1886;  author  of 
"On  Injuries  of  the  Nerves  and  their  Consequences,"  4to,  Phila- 
delphia, 1872;  "Fat  and  Blood,"  etc.,  second  edition,  Philadelphia, 
1877,  and  many  other  works,  both  medical  and  non-medical,  too 
numerous   to  mention.     Physician,  poet,  novelist. 

MiTNicK,  Jacob  H.  1891.  Born  at  Golding,  Courland,  Russia,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1856.  Educated  at  Sadler's  Business  College;  M.D., 
Baltimore  Medical  College,  1890 ;  took  special  courses,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital;  Vaccine  Physician,  two  years;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1898.    526  North  Calhoun  Street,  Baltimore. 

^loALE,  William  A.  1880.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  7,  1849.  Edu- 
cated at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 

507 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land,  1879;  Surgeon,  Northwestern  Special  Dispensary,  1884;  Vis- 
iting Physician,  Bayview  Asylum;  Professor  of  Orthopaedic  Sur- 
gery, Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884;  retired  from  practice;  joint 
author  with  Prof.  H.  Newell  Martin  of  "Handbook  of  Vertebrate 
Dissection."     1108   North   Charles    Street,   Baltimore. 

*MoBERLEY,  Eldred  W.  1824.  Born  January  3,  1803.  Pupil  of  Dr. 
Wm.  Bradley  Tyler;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1824; 
married  daughter  of  Dr.  Belt  Brashear;  practiced  for  sixty  years. 
Died  at  Newmarket,  Md.,  September  24,  1887.     See  list  of  1848. 

*MoNKUR,  John  Cavendish  Smith.  1829.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1800. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  Stevenson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822; 
had  a  private  medical  school  for  some  years ;  Professor  of  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Washington  College,  Baltimore,  1831-52.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  January  21,  1867. 

'^MoNMONiER,  John  Francis.  1849.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  4,  1813; 
son  of  F.  W.  Monmonier.  Educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Balti- 
more ;  student  in  the  private  anatomical  school  of  Dr.  Duncan  Turn- 
bull;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1834;  Member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Baltimore,  1836-37  and  1840-47;  School  Commissioner, 
1836-52,  and  for  several  years  President  of  the  School  Board ;  Phy- 
sician to  the  Board  of  Health,  1849-51;  Chairman  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1854-77;  assisted  in  the  reorganization  of  Washington  University 
School  of  Medicine  of  Baltimore,  1867;  Professor  of  Physiology, 
Washington  Universfty  School  of  Medicine,  1867-75 ;  Orator,  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1871 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Washington  University  School  of  Medicine,  1875-77; 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1875-76;  President  of 
the  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1880-81.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
June  8,  1894. 

*Monmonier,  John  N.  1874.  Born  in  Maryland;  son  of  la3t-named. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1858;  Private,  C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  later.  Surgeon  to  a  Louisiana 
Regiment ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1867;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  1867-74;  Professor  of 
Operative  and  Clinical  Surgery,  1874-77;  Physician  to  French 
Society  of  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  June  11,  1896. 

Monmonier,  Joseph  Carroll.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  i,  1847; 
son  of  Francis  Monmonier.     In  1852  moved  to  Wetheredville,  now 

S08 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dickeyville,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  where  he  has  since  resided; 
educated  at  Rock  Hill  and  Loyola  Colleges ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1866;  in  active  practice  since;  Member  of  Legislature; 
Sanitary  Inspector  of  Baltimore  County. 

*MoNROE,  Thomas  J.  C.  1820.  Born  in  Virginia.  Appointed  from 
Ohio,  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  A.,  Sixth  Infantry,  September  12,  181 1; 
resigned,  January  20,  1812;  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  April  29, 
1814;  disbanded,  June  15,  1815 ;  Post  Surgeon,  April  29,  1816; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  June  i,  1821.  Died  October  23,  1839.  See  list 
of   1848. 

*MoNROE,  William  Robert.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md.,  1821. 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  1849;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore, 
1850-52;  a  Founder  and  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics 
and  Hygiene,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1881-84;  Professor  of 
Hygiene,  1884-85;  Dean,  1882-84;  Presbyter,  M.  E.  Church.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  February  13,  1894. 

^Montgomery,  James.  1817.  Born  in  Harford  County,  1790.  Served 
in  Fourth  Cavalry  Regiment,  War  of  1812;  "Old  Defender;"  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1819;  Censor,  Harford  County,  Md.,  1840. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  April  11,  1878. 

♦Montgomery^  William  T.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1831  (?); 
only  son  of  Dr.  James  Montgomery.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1851;  practiced  in  Harford  County;  Assistant  Surgeon,  First 
Maryland  Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  later,  Surgeon  and  Brigade 
Surgeon.  Died  at  Shrewsbury,  Pa.,  September  i,  1881.  See  lists 
of   1848,   1853  and   1873. 

*MooN,  Thomas  Robert.     Of  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1816. 

Moore,  James  R.  1822.  Of  Baltimore  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848,   1853  and  Trans.,    1857. 

*Moore,  Robert.  1801  (?).  Not  an  M.D.  Attending  Physician,  Balti- 
more General  Dispensary,  1805;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1820-26.  Of  Baltimore;  later,  of  Easton,  Talbot  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  in  latter  credited  to  Philadelphia. 

Moore,  T.  Jefferson.     1826.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

*MooRES,  Daniel.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md., 
1745  (?).     Pupil  of  John  Archer,  M.B. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Edin- 

509 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

burgh,  1787  (Thesis,  "De  Febre  Remittente  Marilandije"j  ;  Presi- 
dent of  the  Royal  Physical  Society  of  Edinburgh ;  practiced  for  a 
time  in  Harford  County;  later,  at  Baltimore.  Died 'at  Baltmiore, 
1802,  of  yellow  fever;  interred  at  Rock  Spring  Episcopal  Cemetery, 
near  Bel  Air,  Harford  County,  Md.  (His  great-nephew.  Dr.  S.  Lee 
Moores,  lives  at  Finksburg,  Carroll  County,  Md.) 

*MooRES,  Samuel  Lee.  1812.  Born  near  Bel  Air,  Harford  County,  Md., 
December  5,  1790;  son  of  John  Moores.  ("Attended  lectures  at 
Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  181 1,  and  graduated  M.D.  at  Medi- 
cal College,  Baltimore,  November  2,  1812.  Died  near  Long  Green, 
Baltimore  County,  Md.,  November  21,  1854" — Dr.  S.  L.  M.,  1902.) 

Moores,  Samuel  Lee.  Born  at  Long  Green,  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
October  12,  1830;  son  of  Dr.  S.  L.  Moores.  Educated  at  Bel  Air 
Academy,  Harford  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1852.  Of  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  now  of  Finksburg,  Carroll  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

^Moorman,  John  J.  1877.  Honorary.  1879.  Born  in  Bedford  County, 
Va.,  January,  1802.  Said  to  have  been  M.D.  at  a  Philadelphia 
college  (name  not  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania or  of  Jefferson)  ;  for  over  fifty  years  Resident  Physician 
to  Greenbrier  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va. ;  Professor  of  Medical 
Jurisprudence  and  Hygiene,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1867-72;  author  of  "Mineral  Springs  of  North  America,"  several 
editions,  the  last  being  Philadelphia,  1873  (the  first  edition  under 
the  title  of  "Virginia  Springs,"  1846).  Died  in  Virginia,  January 
18,  1885. 

*Moran,  John  J.  1858.  Born  in  1820.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1845 ;  practiced  at  Bladensburg,  and  later  at  Baltimore ;  attended 
Edgar  A.  Poe  in  his  last  illness.  Of  Falls  Church,  Va.,  1886.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  December  13,   1888,  xt.  68. 

MoRAN,  Pedro  de  Serquira.  1891.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland 
("Va."),  1887;  resided  several  years  at  Baltimore,  then  moved  to 
Washington.     201 1   G  Street  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.    C. 

*Morawetz,  Leopold  Franz.  1849.  Born  at  Raudnitz,  Bohemia, 
Austria,  December  2,  1818.  Graduated  in  literature  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Prague ;  studied  medicine  at  the  Universities  of  Prague 
and  Vienna;  Med.  Dr.,  University  of  Vienna,  1844;  Chir.  Dr., 
University    of    Vienna,     1845 ;     Obstet.     Magister,    University    of 

510 


PEREGRINE    WROTH 
1 786- 1879. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Vienna,  1844;  resided  at  Vienna  for  eight  years;  Assistant 
Vienna  Allgemeine^  Krankenhaus ;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1849,  and 
practiced  there  till  his  death.    Died  at  Baltimore,  October  26,  1892. 

*MoRGAN,  Gerard  Edwin.  1853.  Born  at  Harrisonburg,  Va.,  January 
7,  1828;  son  of  Rev.  Gerard  Morgan.  Removed  to  Baltimore;  pupil 
of  Dr.  G.  C.  M.  Roberts;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
1852;  Vaccine  Physician,  1853-54  and  1859-60;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  Volunteers,  1861 ;  Assistant  Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore, 
1862-65;  Commissioner,  1865-67;  a  Founder  of  Baltimore  Medical 
Association,  1866,  and  the  first  President,  1866-67;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1874.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, December  i,   1874. 

Morgan,  Wilbur  Phelps.  Born  in  Jefferson  County,  W.  Va.,  February 
25,  1841 ;  son  of  Rev.  Nicholas  John  Brown  Morgan,  D.D.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1862-63;  Surgeon,  Ninth  Maryland  Regiment,  1863;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Board  of  Enrollment,  Third  and  Fifth  Districts,  1864.  315 
West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

Morgan,  William  T.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1833.  Of 
Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*MoRisoN,  Robert  Brown.    1875.     Born  at  Baltimore,  March  13,  1853; 
son  of  Nathaniel  Morison,  Provost  of  the  Peabody  Institute.     M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1874 ;  studied  at  Vienna ;  Lecturer  in  the 
Spring  Course,  University  of  Maryland,  1877;  Physician  to  the  Union 
Protestant  Infirmary,  1882;  Physician  to  St.  George's  Society,  1883 
Lecturer  on  Dermatology,   Woman's   Medical   College,   Baltimore 
Professor  of  Dermatology  and  Syphilis,  Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884 
Dermatologist,  Johns  Plopkins   Hospital   and  Dispensary,    1889-93 
President,   American   Dermatological   Association,    1893 ;    Specialist 
in  Dermatology.    Died  September  30,  1897. 

Morris,  John.  1845.  Born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  February  6, 
1824.  Educated  at  Lancaster  Academy ;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1841 ; 
pupil  of  Drs.  F.  E.  B.  Hintze  and  S.  Annan ;  one  course  at  Wash- 
ington College,  Baltimore,  1845-46;  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical Faculty  of  Maryland  (by  examination),  1845;  L.M., 
Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  Ireland ;  Member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland,  1852-56;  Member  of  the  School  Board  of  Baltimore, 
1856-57;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1854;  Post- 
master of  Baltimore,  1857-61;  Member  of  the  City  Council,  1867; 
33  511 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

M.D.  (Honorary),  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New  York,  1868; 
President,  Pathological  Society  of  Baltimore,  1868  and  1872 ;  Presi- 
dent Maryland  Inebriate  Asylum,  1875-77;  President,  Baltimore 
Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  1874-75  i  President,  Baltimore  Medi- 
cal Association,  1879;  Vice-President,  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1879;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Mary- 
land, 1888-89;  President  of  the  Lunacy  Commission  of  Maryland; 
President  of  the  Maryland  State  Board  of  Health;  President  oi 
the  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  Medical  Society.  Dr.  Morris 
volunteered  his  services  during  the  terrible  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever  in  Norfolk  in  1855,  where  he  was  himself  stricken  with  the 
disease,  recovering  only  after  a  tedious  illness.  He  has  a  gold 
medal  commemorative  of  this  fact,  presented  by  the  citizens  of 
Norfolk.     118  East  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Morris,  John  Norfolk.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  24,  1872;  son 
of  Dr.  J.  Morris.  Edvicated  at  Deichmann's  School ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1893 ;  Resident  Physician,  Elwyn  Institute  for 
Feeble-minded  Children,  1895 ;  Resident  Physician,  State  Asylum 
for  the  Insane,  Morris  Plains,  N.  J.,  1896;  Resident  Physician,  Font 
Hill  Asylum  for  Feeble-minded  Children,  Maryland,  1897;  Resident 
•Physician,  Springfield  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Sykesville,  Md., 
1898—. 

Morris,  Josiah.  1816.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Louisiana.     See  list  of  1848. 

Morris,  Louis  W.  1898.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Md.,  October  16, 
1863;  son  of  Dr.  L.  W.  Morris,  of  Salisbury.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,    1885 ;    practices    at    Salisbury,    Md. 

^Morrison,  Maurice.  1831.  Born  in  Maryland,  1807.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1831.  Of  Buenos  Ayres.  A  brilliant  surgeon. 
Died  at  Havana,  Cuba,  September  14,  1842. 

Morrison,  William  B.  1899.  Born  at  Williamsport,  Md.,  May  8, 
1866.  In  the  drug  business,  1883-92;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1895;  Physician 
to  Washington  County  Jail,  1895 — ;  Vaccine  Physician  to  Hagers- 
town,  1895—;  Medical  Examiner,  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance 
Company ;  Surgeon,  Maryland  Division  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans, 
1898 — •;  Surgeon  to  Norfolk  and  Western  Railroad;  resides  at 
Hagerstown,   Md. 

MosEXEY,  William  Edward.  1875.  Born  at  Petersham,  Mass.,  May 
22,    1848.     Educated    at    Antioch    (O.)     College;    M.D.,    Harvard 

512 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

University,  1874;  settled  for  practice  at  Baltimore,  1874;  on  the 
staff  of  the  Woman's  Hospital,  New  York,  1881-82;  Gynaecologist 
to  the  Union  Protestant  Infirmary ;  President  of  the  Clinical  So- 
ciety of  Maryland;  President  of  the  Gynaecological  and  Obstetrical 
Society  of  Baltimore;  President  of  the  Harvard  Club  of  Mary- 
land ;  President  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  Woman's  Hos- 
pital, New  York;  Professor  of  the  Diseases  of  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, Baltimore  Medical  College,  1897 — ;  Gynaecologist,  Maryland 
General  Hospital.     301   West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

*MosHER,  William.  1823.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823 ;  repre- 
sented Allegany  County  in  American  Medical  Association,  1848.  Of 
Baltimore  Count},  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

MossMAN,  James.  1819.  Of  Hagerstown,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848, 
1853   and    1873. 

MoTTER,  George  Troxell.  1898.  Born  at  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  April  5, 
1842.  A.B.,  Dickinson  College,  1862;  A.M.,  Dickinson  College, 
1865 ;  attended  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New  York,  and  Univer- 
sity of  Nashville,  Tenn. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Nashville,  Tenn., 
1865 ;  Medical  Cadet  and  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1864-65 ;  has  practiced  at  Taneytown,  Md.,  since  1866. 

MouNTZ,  John  W.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Of 
Allegany  County,  Md.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

MoYER,  Frank  G.  1886.  Born  at  Easton,  Pa.,  November  25,  1858. 
Attended  Washington  University  and  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1881.     1 119  East   Baltimore    Street,   Baltimore. 

*MuDD,  Jerome  Taylor.  1828.  Born  at  Somerset,  O.  Pupil  of 
his  uncle  (Dr.  Jerome  Mudd,  of  Cincinnati,  O.)  ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1828  ("D.  C")  ;  gave  up  medicine  early  and  became 
a  merchant  at  Washington,  D.  C.     See  list  of  1848. 

Muller,  John  R.  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852.  Of  Bal- 
timore.    See  list  of   1853. 

Muncaster,  Steuart  B.  1892.  Born  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  Septem- 
ber 16,  1857.  M.D.,  Georgetown  University,  1885.  Of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

MuNOz,  Edward  A.  1894.  Born  in  Cuba,  March  21,  1863.  Educated 
at  Georgetown  and  Baltimore  City  Colleges ;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  1889;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1892 ;  Lecturer  on  Histology  and  Hygiene,  Baltimore 
University;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Baltimore  University,  1897; 
Captain,  Fifth  Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  1896 — ;  Attending  Physician, 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary.     1801   Guilford  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

MuNROE,  Thomas.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831  ("Fla.")  ; 
resided  at  Rushville,  111.  (Polk's  Directory,  1886-90).  See  list  of 
1848. 

Murdoch,  Russell.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  12,  1839. 
Educated  at  Edinburgh  University,  1856-59;  M.D.,  University  of 
Virginia,  1861 ;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse,  1861 ; 
Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  iSbi-62;  Sur- 
geon, C.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  Clinical  Lecturer,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and 
Ear,  University  of  Maryland,  1868-69;  Attending  Surgeon,  Balti- 
more Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1882 — ;  Professor  of  the  Dis- 
eases of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore, 
1884-87;  Specialist  in  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases.  410  Cathedral  Street, 
Baltimore. 

^Murdoch,  Thomas  Fridge.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  9,  1829.  Edu- 
cated at  Lawrenceville  (N.  J.)  High  School;  A.B.,  Princeton 
1847;  A.M.,  1850;  pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Buckler;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1850;  in  Europe,  1850-52;  Diploma  of  Dub- 
lin Lying-in  Hospital ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General 
Dispensary,  1855-58;  Vaccine  Physician,  1853-67;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, House  of  Refuge,  for  twenty  years ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  Surgeon,  Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  Third 
Congressional  District,  1862-65 ;  President,  Academy  of  Medicine ; 
Vice-President,  Gynaecological  and  Obstetrical  Society  of  Baltimore; 
President,  Alumni  Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1877.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  February  18,  1901. 

Murphy,  Francis  P.  1892.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1885. 
Of  Baltimore.     Last  notice  in  Baltimore  Directory  is  in  1893. 

*MuRPHY,  Thomas  L.  1827.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1819;  Physician  to  the  Hibernian  Society;  Edited  Repub- 
lican and  Argus;  performed  the  first  ovariotomy  at  Baltimore,  in 
1848,  on  a  Mr's.  Reeside,  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools.  She  con- 
tinued to  teach  after  that  for  thirty  years.     The  operation  was  done 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  South  Baltimore.  Shortly  after,  Dr.  Murphy  retired  from 
practice  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  Cecil  County,  marry- 
ing the  mother  of  Senator  Cresswell ;  left  no  children.  He  never 
operated  a  second  time.  Died  at  Port  Deposit,  Md.  (Dr.  John 
Morris).     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*MuRRAY,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  1739.  Said  to  have 
attended  College  of  Philadelphia;  went  to  Edinburgh  in  1775,  and 
was  there  educated  in  literature  and  medicine ;  returned  to  Mary- 
land in  1769,  and  practiced  here  until  his  death;  Surgeon,  1777- 
80 ;  Hospital  Surgeon  at  "Medical  Shop,"  Annapolis,  1780-82 
(Q.).  He  was  the  leading  physician  of  Annapolis  and  the  pre- 
ceptor of  many  physicians  who  rose  to  eminence.  Died  at  Anna- 
polis, December  17,  1819.     (See  Murray,  William.) 

Murray,  Robert  J.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  24,  1870.  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1895 ;  Vaccine 
Physician,  Baltimore.     510  North  Fremont  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Murray,  Robert.  1853.  Born  in  Howard  County,  Md.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1843 ;  appointed  from  Maryland,  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  June  29,  1846;  Major  and  Surgeon,  June  23, 
i860;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  service  during  the  War;  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  Assistant  Medical  Purveyor,  July  28,  1866;  Surgeon- 
General,  November  23,  1883 ;  retired,  1886,  and  resides  at  Elkridge, 
Howard  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1853  and  Trans.,  1858. 

Murray,  T.  Morris.  1876.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873;  prac- 
ticed some  years  at  Baltimore ;  later,  removed  to  Washington ; 
Professor  of  Physical  Diagnosis,  Laryngology  and  Rhinology, 
Georgetown  University;  Specialist  in  Diseases  of  Throat,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

*MuRRAY,  William.  Founder.  1799.  Born  ;bout  1751.  Pupil  and 
partner  of  his  brother  (James  Murray)  ;  removed  from  Annapolis 
about  1799  to  West  River,  Md.,  where  he  practiced.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848.  (Drs.  James  and  William  Murray  were  sons  of 
Dr.  William  Murray,  a  native  of  Scotland;  born  1708;  came  to 
Barbadoes  Island  in  1716;  was  educated  there  as  physician;  came 
to  Chestertown,  Kent  County,  Md.,  about  1735 ;  practiced  and  died 
there,   1769.) 

Murray,  William  Wilkinson.  1875.  Born  in  Southampton  County, 
Va.     Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia ;  Licentiate  Rotunda 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Lying-in  Hospital,  Dublin,  1868;  M.D.,  Queen's  University, 
Dublin,  1869;  began  practice  at  Norfolk,  1870;  removed  to  Balti- 
more, 1871 ;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1872-74;  President, 
Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  1878-79;  removed  to  Suf- 
folk, Nansemond  County,  Va.,  where  he  now  resides. 

*MuKR0W,  Benjamin.  Founder.  1799.  Censor  in  the  first  decade. 
Of  Allegany  County,  Md.  (There  was  a  Dr.  David  Murrow  who 
was  Surgeon  of  Colonel's  Hall's  Maryland  Battalion  in  1776.) 

Muse,  Bernard  Purcell.  1898.  Born  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  Janu- 
ary 23,  1868.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  pupil  of  Dr. 
J.  G.  Wiltshire ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more, 1888 ;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Hospital,  1888;  practiced  in  Greenbrier  County,  W.  Va.,  1888-91; 
Demonstrator  of  Surgery,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1892-93;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Baltimore 
University,  1894-95 ;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene,  Balti- 
more University,  1895-98;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Maryland  Med- 
ical College,  1898 — ;  Physician,  Baptist  Orphanage  and  Dispensary 
of  the  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital ;  Examiner,  Improved  Order 
of  Heptasophs.     1002  Edmondson  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Muse,  Joseph  Ennalls.  1899.  Born  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  December 
14,  1862.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1898;  Chief  Dispen- 
sary, Maryland  Medical  College,  1899.  855  Columbia  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*Myers,  John  J.  1829.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  23,  1807.  M.D., 
Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1828;  located  for  practice 
at  Carlisle,  Pa. ;  Surgeon  to  United  States  Barracks,  Carlisle ;  about 
1841,  moved  from  Carlisle  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where  he  practiced  and 
was  Surgeon  to  the  United  States  Marine  Hospital.  Died  at  Win- 
chester, Va.,  August  24,  1854.     See  list  of  1848, 

Nairn,  John  Charles.  1833.  M.D.  and  Gold  Medalist,  University  of 
Maryland,  1835.     Of  Maryland.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Naylor,  Henry  Louis.  1898.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
September  20,  1839.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  i860 ;  practiced  in  Prince  George  County, 
1860-64 ;  since  that  at  Pikesville,  Baltimore  County,  Md. ;  Phy- 
sician to  Baltimore  County  Almshouse. 

516 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*NealEj  Bennett  Aloysius.  Born  at  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  March  6,  1815.  Educated  at  Georgetown  College;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1838;  practiced  in  Charles  County  until  within 
two  years  of  his  death.     Died  at  Baltimore,  February  13,  1878. 

Neale,  Benoni.     Of  Louisiana.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Neale,  Francis.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  Censor, 
Charles  County,  Md.,  1840.     See  list  of  1848. 

Neale^  Leonard  Ernest.  1881.  Born  at  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  December  17,  1858;  son  of  Dr.  B.  A.  Neale.  Educated  at  Loyola 
College  and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.  and  Examination 
Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  continued  studies  at  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Paris  and  Vienna,  1881-83 ;  Demonstrator  of 
Obstetrics  and  Chief  of  Obstetrical  Clinic,  University  of  Maryland, 
1883-91 ;  Physician  to  St.  Agnes  Hospital ;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1892-93;  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics, 1893-96;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  Maryland, 
1896 — ;  Consulting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital;  Translator  of 
Pinard's  "Abdominal  Palpation."     108  East  Read  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Neale,  Robert.  1853.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1825.     Lived  and  died  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 

Neale,  Stephen  L.  D.  About  1872.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1870. 

*Neale,  William.     1801.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Neff,  John.  1874.  Born  at  Frostburg,  Md.,  February  11,  1832. 
A.M.,  Allegany  College,  Pennsylvania ;  M.D.,  University  Medical 
College,  New  York,  1858 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1863-67 ; 
President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1878-79.  701  North 
Carrollton   Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Neill,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Lewes,  Del.,  June  3,  1749; 
son  of  John  Neill,  a  Scotch  emigrant  and  lawyer.  A  strong  Whig 
in  the  Revolution ;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the 
Eastern  Shore ;  practiced  at  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County,  Md., 
where  he  died,  June,  1816.  His  sen,  Henry  Neill  (M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1807),  practiced  at  Snow  Hill,  moved  to 
Philadelphia  and   became   Vice-President   of   the   College   of  Phy- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sicians,  and  died  at  Philadelphia,  October  7,  1845,  aged  62.  (The 
author  of  Neill  and  Smith's  "Compend"  [John  Neill]  was  a  grand- 
son.) 

*Nelson,  Arthur.  1812.  Appointed  from  Maryland  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Eighth  Infantry,  October  31,  1817;  resigned,  May  i,  1818  (Ham- 
mersley).    Of  Frederick  County,  Md.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853- 

*Nelson,  John.  1801  (?).  Surgeon,  Sixth  Regiment,  Maryland  Line, 
1777-78;  married  Catherine  Washington,  of  Virginia.  Died  at 
Frederick,   Md.,    1806. 

Nelson,  Nathan,  1875.  "Of  Frederick  County,  Md. ;"  "of  Mo."  (There 
is  a  "Nelson,  N.,"  at  Princeton,  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  Polk's 
Directory,  i8go.) 

Newcomb,  Arthur  T.  1899.  Born  at  Killawog,  N.  Y.,  December  8, 
1870.  Educated  at  Homer  (N.  Y.)  Academy  and  at  Cortland 
Normal  School ;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893 ;  took  Post- 
graduate Courses  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  and  University  of  Chicago ; 
Physician,  U.  S.  Interior  Department,  Fort  Mojave,  Ariz.,  1894-98; 
practices  at  Pasadena,  Cal. 

*Newman,  Robert.  1816.  Of  Cumberland,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848 
and   1853. 

*NiBL0CK,   S.     1816.     Of  Pennsylvania.     See  list  of   1848. 

*Nicholas,  Joseph.  Of  Dorchester  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

Nickerson,  William  M.  1877.  Born  at  Camden,  Kent  County,  Del., 
October  6,  1844.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  March  2,  1867;  retired.  May  15,  1874; 
practiced  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  for  several  years ;  removed  to  Balti- 
more, 1875 ;  removed  to  Colorado  in  1890  on  account  of  his  health ; 
has  practiced  ever  since  at  Denver.  303  California  Building,  Sev- 
enteenth and  California  Streets,  Denver. 

NiHiSER,  WiNTON  M.  1890.  Bom  at  Seymoursville,  Grant  County, 
W.  Va.,  April  9,  1859.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1882,  and  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  Nevi^ 
York,  1885;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1894- 
95;   President,  Washington  County  Medical  Society,  1899;  Health 

S18 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Officer  and  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad;  President, 
Board  of  Pension  Examining  Surgeons ;  practices  at  Keedysville, 
Md. 

Noble,  William  H.  1884.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1883 ;  practiced  a  year  or  two  in  Cecil,  then 
removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he  now  resides. 

*NoEL,  Henry  Reginald.  Born  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  1836.  Educated 
at  Fleetwood  Academy  and  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D., 
University  of  Virginia,  1858;  spent  a  year  in  the  Baltimore  Alms- 
house; settled  at  Baltimore;  Surgeon,  Sixtieth  Virginia  Infantry, 
and  Division  Surgeon  to  Wharton's  Division,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ; 
resumed  practice  at  Baltimore ;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Path- 
ology, Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1867+ ;  Professor  of 
Physiology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1873-75. 
Died  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  January  23,  1878. 

*NoEL,  Perry  Eccleston.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Maryland,  1768. 
Classically  educated;  studied  under  eminent  physician  in  Mary- 
land; M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1794  (Thesis,  "De  Angina 
Tracheal!");  married  in  1795  to  Sarah  Nicholson;  Physician  to 
Queen  Anne's  County  Almshouse,  1804;  Member  of  the  Town 
Council,  Centerville,  1809.  Died  at  Centerville,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  October  14,  1813  (leaving  a  wife  and  children).  (Mr.  J. 
B.  Noel  Wyatt,  a  grandson,  an  architect  of  Baltimore,  has  a  pencil 
profile  of  Dr.  Noel,  indicating  a  robust,  handsome,  middle-aged 
man  with  abundant  light  hair,  blue  eyes,  large  nostrils,  without 
wig,  clean-shaven  face,  well  formed,  regular  features,  rather  thick 
lips,  old-fashioned  coat  with  high  collar  and  white  neck  scarf — 
a  frank,  sociable,  amiable  countenance.) 

NoLEN,  Charles  Frederick.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  5,  1869. 
Educated  at  Marston's  School ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1890;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1890-91;  Attending 
Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1892 — ; 
Ophthalmic  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1894 — ; 
Specialist  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat.  114  West 
Franklin    Street,    Baltimore. 

Nolte,  Henry  William.  1899.  Born  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  June  2,  1870. 
Educated  at  Newark  High  School;  Ph.G.,  New  York  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1890;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1898;  Assist- 
ant Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1898-99. 
53  Walnut  Street,  Newark,  N.  J. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*NoRDMANN,  Frederick  R.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  January  29, 
1859.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1879;  M.D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1884;  Resident  Physician, 
Maternite  and  Bayview  Asylum,  each  two  years;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Quarantine  Hospital.  Died  at  Baltimore,  October 
22,  1902  (from  suicide). 

NoRMENT,  Richard  Baxter.  1893.  Born  in  District  of  Columbia, 
November  14,  1858.  A.B.,  Western  Maryland  College,  1876;  A.M., 
1880;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880.  3543  Chestnut  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

NoRRXs,  Amanda  Taylor.  1886.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1849. 
Educated  at  Carroll  County  School;  M.D.,  Woman's  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Pennsylvania,  1880 ;  studied  in  the  Woman's  Hospital  and 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  and  the  Children's  Hospital, 
Staten  Island ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege ;  Assistant  in  the  Throat  and  Chest  Clinic,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1882-84;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1884-86;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  1886-91; 
Professor  of  Practical  Obstetrics,  1891-94;  Physician  to  Female 
House  of  Refuge  and  Good  Samaritan  Hospital ;  practiced  at  Balti- 
more for  eighteen  years ;  then  at  Long  Green,  Baltimore  County. 
The  first  woman  doctor  in  Baltimore  who  had  a  diploma  from  a 
regular  college.  Present  address  (1902),  1035  North  Eutaw  Street, 
Baltimore. 

NoRRis,  George  Dashiels.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831. 
Of  Maryland ;  removed  to  Newmarket,  Madison  County,  Ala.  See 
Polk's  Directory,  1886  and  1890,  and  list  of  1848. 

Norris,  Milton  D.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  25,  1871. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1892 ;  Assistant  Physician,  Spring  Grove 
Asylum,  1892-96,  and  Assistant  Superintendent,  Second  Maryland 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Sykesville,  i896-'98;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  Spanish- American  War,  1898-99;  since  that  in  prac- 
tice at  Eldersburg,  Carroll  County,  Md. 

NoRRis,  Philip  N.     1832.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

*NoRRis,  William  H.     1890.     Born    in     Carroll    County,    Md.     1829. 
Educated  at  Oxford  College,  Ohio;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1853;  Vaccine  Physician,  1855-61  and  1873;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861- 
65 ;     Resident    Physician,    Eastern    Dispensary,    1880-92 ;    Medical 

520 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Director,  G.  A.  R.,  1882;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society 
and  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland.  Died  at  Baltimore,  February 
2,  1892. 

*Ober,  Albert  Richard.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1829. 
See  list  of  1848. 

*0'Brien,  Lucius.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Washington  Univer- 
sity, Baltimore,  1828;  Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary, 
1829;  Censor,  1830;  conducted  a  Vaccine  Institute  at  Baltimore, 
1831-32,  which  was  approved  and  commended  by  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1832;  resigned, 
1835 ;  Lieutenant,  Third  Infantry,  1837,  and  of  the  Eighth  Infantry, 
1838 ;  author  of  "Benny  Havens,  O,"  a  popular  West  Point  song. 
Died  at  Tampa,  Fla.,  January  7,   1841. 

*0'CoNNOR,  John  (F.).  1810.  Born  in  1791  (?).  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1812 ;  resided  at  Fells  Point,  Baltimore ;  Surgeon's 
Mate,  Third  Rifles,  1814,  and  of  Thirty-sixth  Infantry,  1814;  Hos- 
pital Surgeon's  Mate,  1814-15.  Died  of  yellow  fever,  Baltimore, 
September  30,  1819. 

*O^DoNNELL,  DoMiNicK  A.  1833.  Bom  in  County  Donegal,  Ireland, 
1809.  Educated  at  Mount  St.  Marys  College,  Emmitsburg;  M.D., 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1833;  practiced  first  at  Williamsport, 
Md.,  then  in  Mississippi,  Hancock,  Md.,  and  Cumberland,  Md. ; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1848;  A.M.  (Honorary),  Loyola  College,  Bal- 
timore, 1854;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,   1874.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  26,   1874. 

*0'DoNovAN,  Charles.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  20,  1829. 
son  of  Dr.  John  H.  O'Donovan.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Balti- 
more ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1853 ;  President,  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation, University  of  Maryland,  1888.  Died  at  Baltimore,  Decem- 
ber 23,  1889. 

O'Donovan,  Charles,  Jr.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  7,  i860; 
son  of  Dr.  Charles  O'Donovan.  A.B.,  Georgetown  University,  1878 ; 
A.M.,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  Children,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1894-99 ; 
Clinical  Professor  Diseases  of  Children,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1899 — .     ID  East  Read  Street,  Baltimore. 

*0'DoNovAN,  John  H.  1825.  Born  in  Ireland,  1802.  Emigrated  to 
Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  practiced  at  Elk- 

521 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ridge  Landing  a  short  time,  about  1826;  Censor,  1831 ;  practiced 
at  Baltimore  until  his  death,  June  18,  1869.  See  obituary  in  the 
papers  by  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith,  who  spoke  in  the  highest  terms  of  him. 

O'DoNOVAN,  John  Henry.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  23,  1867; 
son  of  Dr.  Charles  O'Donovan.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1888 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891 ;  studied  in  Johns  Hop- 
kins Laboratories,  1891-93;  Lecturer  on  Bacteriology  and  Patholog- 
ical Histology,  University  of  Maryland,  1893-94;  retired,  1894.  915 
St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Offutt,  Henry  A.  1832.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832. 
Of  Montgomery  County,  Md. ;  went  to  Mississippi.  Died  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Md.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Ogle,  George  Cooke.  1879.  Born  in  Maryland,  1816.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Mai"yland,  1838;  Coroner,  Western  District.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, November  27,  1890. 

Ohle,  Henry  Charles.  1890.  Born  at  Catonsville,  Md.,  June  4, 
i860.  Pupil  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Hollyday;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1886;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1886-87;  Dispensary  Physician,  University  of  Maryland,  Chil- 
dren's Department;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Agnes  Hospital,  1893+. 
1203  West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

Ohlendorf^  Joseph  C,  Jr.  1895.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  7,  1862. 
Educated  at  Loyola  College;  student,  Maryland  College  of  Phar- 
macy; pupil  of  Dr.  O.  J.  Coskery;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1893; 
Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics,  Baltimore  University;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Fifth  Maryland  Regiment,  1892;  Vaccine  Physician.  518 
North  Bond  Street,  Baltimore. 

Ohr,  Charles  Henry.  Born  at  Funkstown,  Washington  County, 
Md.,  October  19,  1811.  Educated  at  Gettysburg  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1834;  Attending  Physician,  Washington 
County  Almshouse,  1832-33 ;  practiced  first  at  Hancock,  Washing- 
ton County,  then  at  Baltimore,  1843-47;  removed  to  Cumberland, 
1847;  Grand  Master  of  Masons  of  Maryland,  1849-51;  Mem- 
ber of  the  City  Council  of  Cumberland  (three  terms)  ;  Maj^or  of 
Cumberland,  1859-66;  Member  of  the  Maryland  Senate,  1864-67; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  President,  Fire 
Insurance  Company  of  Allegany  County;  Vice-President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1871-72;  President,  Medical 

522 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1873-74;  retired;  resides  at  Cumberland, 
Md. 

*Oldham,  William  H.  1830.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1829.  Of  Chesapeake  City,  Cecil  County,  Md.  Died  about  1855-56. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Olig,  John.     Of  Waynesboro,  Pa.     See  list  of  1848. 

Opie,  Thomas.  Born  at  Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  February  14,  1840;  son 
of  Hierome  L.  Opie.  Educated  at  Powers'  School,  Staunton,  Va. ; 
attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1861 ;  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  settled  at  Baltimore  in  1865;  Dean,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1872 — ;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1872-86 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Gynaecology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1886 — ; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1886-87.  I4  West 
Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*0'Reilly,  Polydore  E.  1801  (?).  A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  1804 
(Q.).     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Orrick,  James.  1810.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland, 
1810  (?);  Member  of  Maryland  Legislature. 

*Orrick,  John  Cromwell.  Born  at  "Silver  Hill,"  Baltimore  County, 
Md.,  June  16,  1805;  son  of  Nicholas  Orrick.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Keener; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831 ;  practiced  at  Hereford,  Balti- 
more County  about  thirty  years ;  represented  Baltimore  County  in 
the  House  of  Delegates  (eight  terms),  1834-48;  moved  to  Baltimore 
about  1848,  and  practiced  there  some  years ;  a  local  preacher  of  M.  E. 
Church.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  29,  1863. 

Osler,  William.  1890.  Born  at  Bond-Head,  Ontario,  Canada,  July 
12,  1849.  M.D.,  McGill  University,  Montreal,  1872;  Professor  of 
the  Institutes  of  Medicine,  ]McGill,  1874-84;  Physician  and  Path- 
ologist, Montreal  General  Hospital,  1878-84;  President,  Canadian 
Medical  Association,  1885-86;  Gulstonian  Lecturer,  Royal  College 
of  Physicians,  London,  1885 ;  Cartwright  Lecturer,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1886;  F.R.S.,  Canada;  LL.D., 
Trinity  University,  Toronto,  1899,  McGill  University,  Montreal, 
1895,  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  1898,  and  Yale  University,  IQOX ; 
Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1884-89 ; 

523 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor  of  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889 — ;  Dean, 
Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School,  1898-99;  Physician  in  Chief,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  1889—;  F.R.C.P.,  London,  1883;  F.R.S.,  London, 
1898;  D.C.L.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1898;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1896-97;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1889;  Cavendish  Lecturer,  1899;  author  of  "Principles 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,"  four  editions,  1892,  1895,  1898  and 
igoi ;  "Lectures  on  the  Diagnosis  of  Abdominal  Tumors,"  1895 ; 
"The  Cerebral  Palsies  of  Children,"  1889;  Editor  of  "Nothnagel's 
Encyclopsedia  of  Practical  Medicine,"  vol.  i,  American  edition, 
"Typhoid  and  Typhus  Fevers,"  1901 ;  a  contributor  to  "Pepper's 
System,"  "Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Reports,"  and  other  medical 
works ;  Associate  Editor,  Journal  of  Experimental  Medicine,  i 
West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

Otto,  Gustavus  Carolus  Antonio.  1833.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore,  Md. 
See  list  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Ow^EN,  John.  1800,  1817.  Born  at  Annapolis,  September  17,  1775. 
A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1794;  obtained  his  medical 
education  in  Great  Britain  and  America;  began  practice  at  Balti- 
more, 1799;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1809;  M.D. 
(Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1818;  elected  Professor  of 
the  Institutes  of  Medicine,  University  of  Maryland,  1814,  but 
declined;  Surgeon,  Fifth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Militia,  1814; 
Member  of  the  City  Council  of  Baltimore,  1822;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1804-07;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician, Board  of  Health  of  Baltimore  until  1821 ;  State  Director  to 
the  Penitentiary ;  Judge  of  the  City  Court,  1822.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
October,  1824. 

*0wens,  Isaac  B.  1833.  Born  in  1812.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1833.  Of  Bristol,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  1854  (Q.).     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

OwiNGS,  Edward  R.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  2,  1867 ;  son  of  next- 
named.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889 ;  Clinical  Assistant, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore.  1621  Linden  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

*0^iNGS,  Harry  W.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  15,  1837.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  i860.  Practiced  and  died  at  Baltimore, 
November  15,  1890. 

524 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*OwiNGS,  John  H.  1828.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  Washington 
Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1828;  Censor,  1840;  for  forty  years 
a  leading  practitioner  of  Howard  County.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853. 

*OwiNGS,  Orellana  H.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829. 
Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*OwiNGS,  Samuel  B.  1821.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823.  Of 
Baltimore  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*OwiNGS,  Thomas.  1826.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  11,  1802.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1825 ;  began  practice  at  Baltimore  with  Dr. 
S.  K.  Jennings.    Died  at  Baltimore,  December  18,  1866. 

OwiNGS,  Thomas  Boyle.  1853.  Born  in  Howard  County,  Md.,  Sep- 
tember 23,  1830;  son  of  J.  H.  Owings.  Educated  at  Hallowell's 
School,  Alexandria,  Va. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852; 
settled  for  practice  at  Ellicott  City ;  Attending  Physician,  St.  Charles 
College,  1861—;  Physician  to  Christian  Brothers,  i860—;  Physician 
to  Redemptorist  College,  Mount  St.  Clement,  1869—;  Health  Officer, 
Howard  County,  1891— ;  resides  at  Ellicott  City,  Md. 

*Page,  Henry.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Swan  Creek,  Kent  County,  1770; 
second  son  of  John  Page.  Educated  at  Washington  College, 
Chestertown;  student  of  Dr.  Edward  Worrell,  with  whom  he 
lived;  after  attending  the  usual  course  of  lectures  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  he  began  practice,  1792,  on  a  farm  near 
Swan  Creek,  and  soon  had  a  large  practice.  He  was  fond  of 
theorizing  during  consultation  and  ever  ready  to  give  a  reason 
for  his  faith.  Neglecting  dress,  he  was  considered  eccentric. 
Mentally  he  was  a  giant,  and,  socially,  a  model  for  all.  He  had 
a  remarkable  head,  and  all  who  saw  him  felt  his  power.  He  died 
away  from  home,  1820  (Wroth,  Trans.,  1873). 

Page,  Henry,  Jr.  1897.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County, 
Md.,  September  i,  1870;  son  of  Judge  Henry  Page.  A.B.  and 
A.M.,  Princeton;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1894;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  (Manila)  ;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  Fort  Monroe, 
Va.    (Polk,  1902). 

=*=Page,  James.  1808  (?).  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1808;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  Gen- 
eral  Dispensary,   1809-10;  partner  with  Dr.  Coulter,   1808-16;    Sur- 

525 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

geon's  Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  1811 ;  Surgeon,  1816;  attended  in  yellow  fever 
epidemic  at  Baltimore,  1819-20;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  April  23,  1827. 
Died  March  15,  1832  (Hammersley).     See  list  of  1848. 

Page,  Isham  RANDOLrii.  i8go.  Born  at  Richmond,  Va.,  June  3, 
1834.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
1857-58;  M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1859;  Interne,  Bellevue 
and  Charity  Hospitals,  1859-61 ;  Surgeon  and  Medical  Director 
of  Artillery,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-64;  on 
hospital  duty  at  Richmond,  1864-65 ;  practiced  at  Ric!imond,  1865- 
71,  and  since  then  at  Baltimore ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873-76  and 
1878-80;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Baltimore. 
1206  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Page,  John  Randolph.  Born  in  Gloucester  County,  Va.,  May  10, 
1830.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University 
of  Virginia,  1850 ;  studied  in  Hospitals  of  Paris  and  London, 
1850-52 ;  practiced  in  Gloucester  County,  Va.,  1852-61 ;  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  Surgeon  and  Professor,  State  Military  Acad- 
emy, Alexandria,  La.,  1862-68;  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1868-72 ;  Professor  of  Agri- 
cultural Chemistry  and  Scientific  Farming  in  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1872-87;  resigned  in  1887  and  became  Surgeon  to  Georgia 
Pacific  Railroad,  Sloss  Iron  and  Steel  Company  and  Georgia  Central 
Railroad,  Birmingham,  Ala. ;  retired  on  account  of  ill  health  in  1897, 
and  thenceforth  resided  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  Licentiate 
Teacher  in  the  Medical  Department,  University  of  Virginia.  Died 
there  March  11,  1901. 

Page,  Robert  Stevens.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  23,  1875 ;  son 
of  Dr.  I.  R.  Page.  Educated  at  City  College  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1898;  Resident  Gynaecol- 
ogist, University  Hospital,  1898-99;  practiced  at  Baltimore  till  1900, 
and  now  practices  at  Bel  Air,  Md. 

*Pagett,  David  T.  (David  Davis.)  1814.  Originally  from  Prince 
George  County,  Md. ;  moved  to  Cecil  County  when  a  boy,  his 
name  then  being  David  Pagett.  By  Act  of  Legislature,  this  was 
changed,  about  the  time  of  his  marriage  to  Emeline  L.  Wickes,  1823, 
to  David  Davis.  Died  at  Galena,  Kent  County,  Md.,  then  George- 
town Cross  Roads.  On  his  tomb  is  this  inscription :  "Sacred  to 
the  memory  of  David  Davis,  M.D.,  who  departed  this  life  in  the 
faith  and  fear  of  God  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1844,  in  the 
fifty-seventh  year  of  his  age.     He  lived  a  faithful  member  of  the 

526 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Holy  Catholic  Church  and  died  anticipating  the  joys  of  Paradise." 
See  list  o£  1848.  (Possibly  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Mary- 
land, 1810  or  1811.)      (See  Davis,  David;  the  records  conflict.) 

Palmer,  Robert  Vickery.  1899.  Graduate  of  Charlotte  Hall  Mili- 
tary Academy,  1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1895;  prac- 
tices at  River  Springs,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 

*Palmer,  William  P.  1819.  Born  at  Concord,  Pa.,  November  19, 
1792.  Pupil  of  Drs.  Chapman  and  Rush;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1815;  settled  at  Brookeville,  Montgomery  County, 
Md.,  and  practiced  in  partnership  with  Dr.  Henry  Howard  (later 
a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland)  ;  removed 
to  "Woodlawn,"  near  Sandy  Spring,  Montgomery  County,  where 
he  resided  until  his  death ;  in  active  practice  for  fifty-three  years ; 
Censor,  Montgomery  County^  1840.  Died  December  27,  1869. 
See  lists  of  1848,   1853  and  1873. 

*Pape,  George  Edward.  1858.  Born  at  Hanover,  Germany.  M.D., 
University  of  Gottingen,  1833 ;  passed  Staats-examen  in  Germany ; 
emigrated  to  Baltimore,  1856;  a  Founder  and  the  first  President, 
German  Medical  Society,  1871-72;  returned  to  Hanover  about  1887, 
and  died  there  in  1900.    See  Trans.,  1858  and  1873. 

*Pape^  George  W.  1874.  Born  at  Hanover,  Germany,  1848 ;  son  of 
Dr.  G.  E.  Pape.  Came  to  America  in  1856 ;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy,  1868 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  Assistant 
Physician,  Alaryland  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1871-72;  spent  two 
years  studying  in  Germany.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January  8,  1882 
(from  suicide). 

*Paeker,  Caleb.  1816.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  brother  of  Drs. 
Fielder  and  Charles  Parker ;  M.D. ;  moved  to  Cecil  County  early  in 
the  century;  Surgeon,  Thirty-sixth  Infantry,  1815;  after  the  War 
of  1812,  settled  in  Cecil  County,  in  partnership  with  his  brother 
Charles ;  Censor,  Cecil  County,  1826 ;  was  thrown  from  his  carri^e 
and  permanently  disabled.  Died  at  Elkton  about  1850.  In  list 
of  1848  marked  dead. 

Parker,  Charles  S.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1857.  M.D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1881 ;  Professor  of  Phy- 
siology and  Hygiene,  Baltimore  University,  1887-88.  3120  West 
North  xA.venue,  Baltimore. 

34  527 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Parker,  John  C.  1833.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Stephen  B.  White;  M.D.  (prob- 
ably Washington  University)  ;  had  smallpox  here  while  dissecting; 
Member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  (three  terms)  ;  twice  State  Sen- 
ator; Judge  of  Orphans'  Court;  a  very  wealthy  man.  Of  Calvert 
County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Parnham,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Newport,  Charles 
County,  Md.  His  parents  came  from  England  early  in  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1772  (Thesis,  "De 
Cystirrhoea")  ;  on  Committee  of  Observation;  Member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention,  1776;  Chief  Surgeon,  Smallwood's 
Brigade,  during  the  Revolution;  Judge  of  Charles  County  Court, 
^7771  Presidential  Elector,  1805;  Member  of  the  Maryland  Legis- 
lature, 1787-89,  1795-99,  1808-09;  married  Nancy  Dent,  daughter 
of  George  Dent  (Member  of  Congress),  of  "Prospect  Hill;"  they 
had  six  children,  all  of  whomi  died  without  issue ;  after  the  Revo- 
lution he  returned  to  his  home,  "Parnham  Hall,"  and  there  practiced 
until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  about  65 ;  buried  in  the  family  grave- 
yard on  his  place. 

*Parran,  Richard.  1831.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  January,  1811; 
son  of  Richard  Parran.  Pupil  of  Dr.  William  D.  Macgill,  of  Hagers- 
town;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1830;  health  failed  and  he 
went  to  California  in  1849,  returning  unrelieved  in  1851.  Died  at 
Shepherdstown,  Va.,  February  i,  1851.     See  list  of  1848. 

'''ParraNj  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Lower  Marlboro,  Calvert 
County,  Md.  (The  family  came  from  Scotland  and  settled  at  St. 
Leonard's.)     Died  in  1810  (Q.). 

*Parran,  Thomas.  1818.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817.  Of  St. 
Leonard's,  Calvert  County,  Md.  Died  in  Calvert  County  about  1877. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Parrish,  Joseph.  1874.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  November  11,  1818; 
son  of  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish.  Educated  at  Burlington,  N.  J. ;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1844 ;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Philadel- 
phia Medical  College,  1855 ;  in  Europe,  1856-57 ;  in  charge  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Training  School  for  Feeble-minded  Children,  1857-61 ; 
Sanitary  Inspector,  1861-65;  in  charge  of  the  Pennsylvania  Sanita- 
rium for  the  Treatment  of  Alcoholic  and  Opium  Inebriety,  1865-72; 
Originator  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Cure  of  Inebriates, 
and  President,  1870-74 ;  Superintendent,  Maryland  Inebriate  Asylum, 
Baltimore,    1874;    settled  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,   1875;   President  of 

528 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Delaware  County  Medical  Society  for  three  years ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania;  Editor,  New  Jersey 
Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter,  1848,  The  Sanitary  Commission  Bul- 
letin, Transactions  of  the  Association  for  the  Cure  of  Inebriates, 
and  Quarterly  Journal  of  Inebriety.  Last  entry  in  Polk's  Directory, 
1890. 

Paton,  Stewart.  1897.  Born  at  New  York,  1865.  A.B.,  Princeton, 
1886;  A.M.,  1889;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York,  1889 ;  Visiting  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum ;  Assistant  in  Neu- 
rology, Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary;  Associate  in  Psychiatry,  Johns 
Hopkins  University ;  Director  of  Laboratory,  Sheppard  and  Enoch 
Pratt  Hospital.    213  West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

Patterson,  Francis  W.  1877.  Born  at  Saulsbury,  Conn.,  February 
4,  1835 ;  removed  to  Lorain  County,  Northern  Ohio,  1837.  Edu- 
cated at  Elyria  High  School,  1848-52;  later,  at  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University,  Delaware,  O. ;  pupil  in  Medicine  of  his  uncle  (Dr. 
R.  J.  Patterson,  Columbus,  O.)  ;  attended  Starling  Medical  Col- 
lege for  two  years ;  third  course  at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio, 
Cincinnati,  where  he  took  M.D.,  1859;  began  practice  at  Elyria, 
O. ;  Assistant  Physician,  Mississippi  State  Lunatic  Asylum, 
Jackson,  Miss.,  1859;  Private,  C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon 
and  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  settled  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
1865,  where  he  practiced  for  several  years ;  gradually  with- 
drew, devoting  himself  to  farming  and  stock  raising;  United  States 
Inspector,  Contagious  Diseases  of  Animals,  1886-90;  extensive 
investigations  of  bovine  tuberculosis,  etc. ;  resides  at  Catonsville, 
Md. 

^Patterson,  John  H.  Born  in  1817.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1837;  partner  of  Dr.  A.  Alexander.  Died  at  Baltimore,  May  25, 
1893. 

*Patterson,  William.  1828.  Born  in  1802.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1826.  Died  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1876  (Q.).  See 
list  of  1848. 

*Pattison,  Granville  Sharp.  Born  near  Glasgow,  Scotland,  1791. 
Educated  at  the  private  school  of  Dr.  Allan  Burns ;  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  Andersonian  Institution,  Glasgow,  1810;  Professor 
of  Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Surgery,  Andersonian  Institution, 
1812 ;  emigrated  to  Philadelphia,  1818,  and  opened  an  anatomical 
school  there;  Professor  of  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1820- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

26;  Dean,  University  of  Maryland,  1821-22;  fought  a  duel  in  1823 
with  General  Cadwallader,  of  Philadelphia,  Pattison  escaping  in- 
jury, whilst  Cadwallader  received  a  wound  permanently  disabling 
his  right  arm ;  went  to  London,  1826 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Uni- 
versity of  London,  1827-31;  dismissed  from  the  University  of 
London,  1831 ;  returned  to  Philadelphia,  1832;  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  1832-41 ;  Founder  of  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New  York,  1841,  and 
Professor  of  Anatomy  there,  1841-51;  author  of  "The  Register 
and  Library  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Science;"  "Surgical  Anat- 
omy of  the  Arteries  of  the  Head  and  Neck"  (Burns),  two  edi- 
tions; "Anatomical  Atlas"  (Masse)  ;  "Anatomy"  (Cruveilhier)  ;  an 
Editor  of  the  American  Medical  Recorder;  received  Honorary 
M.D.  late  in  life.  "A  small,  elderly  gentleman,  of  medium  stature, 
with  black  eyes  and  white  hair"  (Gross).  Died  at  New  York, 
November   12,    185 1. 

*Paul^  Isaac.  Vaccine  Physician,  Baltimore,  1855.  Died  at  Baltimore 
1872  or  1873. 

*Payne,  Elisha  D.     1819.     M.D.     Of  New  York.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Peaco,  John  W.  1815.  Born  at  Annapolis.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N. ; 
Agent,  U.  S.  Government  for  Colony  of  Siberia.  Died  at  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  June,  1827.  See  Treasurer's  book,  MS.  Archives,  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  Niles  Register,  June  16,  1827,  and 
list  of  1848. 

*Pearce,  George  R.  1824.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.  A.M.,  St. 
John's  College,  1821  (Q.)  ;  practiced  in  Cecil  County  several  years, 
then  on  account  of  bad  health  retired  to  his  farm  near  Reybold's 
Wharf,  near  Cecilton,  where  he  died.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Pearson^  Frank  White.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore  about  April  17, 
1850.  Educated  at  Chester  Hill  Academy,  Baltimore;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1873 ;  studied  at  Vienna  for  two^  years ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital, 
for  three  years,  retiring  on  account  of  ill  health;  Specialist  in 
Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat.  18  West  Hamilton  Street,  Bal- 
timore. 

Peebles,  Thomas  Chalmers.  1895.  Born  at  Dublin,  Ireland,  June 
22,  1843.  Educated  at  Trinity  College  and  Royal  College  of  Phy- 
sicians,   Dublin ;    in    Paris    hospitals,    1866-67 ;     Surgeon,    Cunard 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Steamship  Service ;  emigrated  to  America  and  settled  first  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky. ;  later,  at  Lutherville,  Md.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Penning,  Oliver  Parker.  1899.  Born  at  Darlington,  Harford  County, 
Md.,  January  26,  1869.  Graduated  from  Havre  de  Grace  High 
School,  1886.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1897;  Post-grad- 
uate Study,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1897 ;  Clinical  Assistant  and 
in  Laboratory,  University  of  Maryland ;  Resident  Physician,  Uni- 
versity Hospital,  1898-99;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  and 
xA.ssistant  in  Surgery,  1902 — .     loi  East  Lanvale  Street,  Baltimore. 

Pennington,  John  L  1876.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  December 
10,  1842.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869;  special  work  at 
Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Throat  Department; 
President,  Baltimore  Medical  and  Surgical  Association.  1716  Lin- 
den Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Penrod,  Hiram  James.  1874.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Pa.,  April 
14,  1844.  Served  in  Union  Army  as  Hospital  Steward ;  pupil  of 
Dr.  A.  F.  Erich;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1872; 
Signal  Officer  at  Baltimore,  1874-75 ;  resides  at  "Twin  Oaks," 
Brookland,  D.  C. 

Penrose,  Clement  Andariese.  1899.  Born  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1874. 
A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893 ;  M.D.,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, 1897;  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1897- 
98;  began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1898.  21  West  Mount  Royal 
Avenue,    Baltimore. 

*Pepper,  William.  Honorary.  1884.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  August 
21,  1843;  son  of  Dr.  William  Pepper.  A.B.,  1862;  M.D.,  1864;  A.M., 
1865,  University  of  Pennsylvania;  LL.D.,  Lafayette  College,  1881 ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Philadelphia  Infirmary,  1864-65 ;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Pennsylvania  Hos^ntal,  1865-66;  Curator  and  Pathologist, 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  1866-70;  Visiting  Physician,  Philadelphia 
Hospital,  1867+  ;  Pathologist,  Philadelphia  Hospital,  1867-71 ;  Lec- 
turer on  Morbid  Anatomy,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1868-70 ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Children's  Hospital,  1870-f- ;  Lecturer  on  Clinical 
Medicine,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1870-76;  Lecturer  on  Physi- 
cal Diagnosis,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1871-73 ;  President  of  the 
Pathological  Society  of  Philadelphia,  1873-76;  Medical  Director, 
Centennial  Exhibition,  1876 ;  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1876-87;  Provost,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1881-96;  Professor  of  Practice,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1887-98; 
President    of    the    American    Climatological   Association,    1885-86, 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  of  the  First  Pan-American  Medical  Congress,  Washing- 
ton, 1893 ;  Editor,  Philadelphia  Medical  Times,  1870-71 ;  author, 
"Pepper's  System,"  1886,  and  many  other  works ;  Knight  Com- 
mander St.  Olaf  (.Sweden).     Died  in  California,  July  28,  1898. 

*Perkins,  John  D.  1809.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  27,  1790.  Prac- 
ticed in  Maryland,  removing  to  Delaware,  1826;  practiced  there 
until  five  years  before  his  death  {Medical  and  Physical  Recorder, 
and  Trans.  American  Medical  Association,  1861).  Died  at  Smyrna, 
Del.,  August  13,  i860. 

*Perkins,  Joseph  Fleming.  1853.  Born  in  Pennsylvania,  January 
28,  1806;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1829;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1833;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  Surgeon  of  Military  Company. 
Died  in  1854. 

Perkins,  Joseph  Fleming.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1850;  son  of  Joseph 
F.  Perkins.  Graduated  A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1872;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1875;  M.D.,  Bellevue  Medical  College,  1879; 
Assistant  to  Morell  Mackenzie,  London ;  Medical  Examiner,  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Railroad;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Throat  Diseases,  Pres- 
byterian Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  Baltimore;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Metropolitan  Throat  Hospital,  New  York;  resides  at  Sturte- 
vant  House,  New  York  City. 

*Perkins,  William  H.  1895.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.  Served 
in  U.  S.  A.  in  Civil  War,  1861-65;  M.D.,  Long  Island  College 
Hospital,  1868;  Member  of  House  of  Delegates,  1878;  a  Founder 
and  President,  Washington  County  Medical  Society,  1S81 ;  practiced 
and  died  at  Hancock,  Washington  County,  Md.,  September  11,  1896. 

Perry,  Benjamin  J.  1828.  Of  Harford  County,  Md.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1829;  practiced  at  Hillsville,  Carroll  County, 
Va.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873,  and  Polk's  Directory  up  to 


Perry,  William  Brinton.  1898.  Born  in  Virginia,  November  5,  1866. 
M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1889.  1301  Madison  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

Peterman,  Harry  Elmer.  1898.  Born  at  Indiana,  Pa.,  July  16,  1871. 
M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895 ;  Resident  Physician,  Balti- 
more Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1895 — ;  practice 
limited  to  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat.  640  West  Franklin  Street, 
Baltimore. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Petherbridge.  John  F.  Born  in  1811.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1832;  practiced  at  Dunkirk,  Calvert  County,  Md.,  till  about 
1896.  Died  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  October  28,  1897.  See  lists  of  1848, 
1853  and  1873,  and  Polk's  Directory. 

Pfeffer,  Charles  W.  1892.  A.M.,  Lebanon  Valley  College,  1886; 
M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1887.  48  East  Montgomery 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Phelps,  Azor  R.  Passed  examination,  1825;  diploma  issued,  1830; 
pupil  for  five  years  of  Dr.  Joseph  Dudley,  of  Chesterfield  County, 
Va. ;  not  a  graduate ;  resided  at  Shrewsbury  and  Worcester,  Mass., 
1830.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Phelps,  Francis  P.  1819.  Born  in  Delaware,  1799.  Educated  at 
Lewiston;  pupil  of  Dr.  W.  Handy,  of  Baltimore;  attended  the 
University  of  Maryland;  M.D.  (Honorary),  Washington  University, 
Baltimore;  Censor,  1826-40;  practiced  at  Federalsburg,  Md.,  until 
1833;  then  at  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  until  1846;  Member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates,  1828,  1839,  1844,  1866,  1873;  State 
Senator,  1844-50  and  1876-77 ;  took  an  active  part  in  politics.  Died 
at  Cambridge,  Md.,  November  18,  1886. 

Philips,  Richard  W.  Licensed  to  practice  Dentistry,  1831-32;  D.S. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Pickel,  John  U.  1892.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1885;  Medical  Examiner  of  several  orders  and  an  in- 
dustrial life  insurance  company.     1312  Ashland  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

PiEK,  Carolus  H.  D.  1851.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1853, 
1873,  1874  and  1875.     In  Polk's  Directory  as  of  Baltimore,  1886-93. 

*Pierce,  Lewis  B.  1876.  Born  at  Le  Raysville,  Bradford  County, 
Pa.,  September  2,  1831.  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Brigadier-General, 
1865 ;  M.D.,  Geneva  Medical  College,  1867 ;  General  Agent,  Phoenix 
Mutual   Life   Insurance   Company.     Died   October  30,    1876. 

*PiGG0T,  Aaron  Snowden.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  1822.  A.B.,  Yale, 
College,  1841;  later,  A.M.;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1848-51;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  Co-Edhor,  Amer- 
ican Journal  of  Dental  Science,  1856  and  1867-69;  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental   Surgery,   1865-69;   author 

533 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  "Dental  Chemistry  and  Metallurgy,"  8vo,  1854;  "Art  of  Mining 
and  Preparing  Ores,"  i2mo,  1858.     Died  at  Baltimore,  February  13 
1869  (Q.). 

PlGGOT,  Cameron.  1883.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1856 ;  son  of  A.  S.  Piggot 
Educated  at  Atkinson's  School;  attended  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1882;  Lecturer  on  Chem- 
istry, Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1882-85;  Post-graduate 
Student  in  Chemistry,  Johns  Hopkins  University;  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  University  of  the  South,  1887 — ;  Health  Officer,  Sewa- 
nee,  Tenn. ;  Dean  of  the  Academic  Faculty,  University  of  the  South, 
1900 — . 

PiLLSBtJRY,  William  J.  1894.  Born  at  sea,  on  board  his  father's 
vessel,  in  long.  79°  50',  lat.  24°  08',  June  29,  1868.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1889;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum, 
1889-90;  Physician  to  Garrett  Sanitarium,  1890;  Assistant  Physician 
and  Surgeon  to  Davis  Coal  and  Coke  Company,  Coketon,  Tucker 
County,  W.  Va.,  1891-93;  has  practiced  at  Baltimore  since  1893; 
Physician  to  St.  John's  Orphanage,  Waverly;  Medical  Examiner, 
Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York.  2801  York 
Road,   Baltimore. 

*PiNCKNEY,  William.  A.M.,  St.  John's,  1806;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1808;  Visitor,  St.  John's  College,  1820.  Of  Annap- 
olis, Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Pindell,  Richard.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1755, 
Surgeon,  First  Maryland  Regiment  under  Col.  Otho  H.  Wil- 
liams, in  the  Revolution,  from  January  i,  1777,  to  the  disso- 
lution of  the  Army,  1783 ;  with  Greene,  1780-81 ;  Member  of  the 
Society  of  Cincinnati  of  Maryland ;  practiced  at  Hagerstown  after 
the  War ;  First  Master  of  Mount  Moriah  Lodge,  Hagerstown,  1802; 
Grand  Master,  Grand  Lodge  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  of  Maryland,  1806-07; 
Member  of  the  Maryland  Senate,  1809;  pensioned  by  the  United 
States  for  services  in  the  Revolution;  moved  to  Lexington,  Ky., 
1813;  Family  Physician  of  Henry  Clay.  Died  at  Lexington,  Ky., 
March  20,  1833.  (For  Revolutionary  service,  see  Saffell,  Heitman 
and  McSherry.) 

*PiNKERTON,  Thomas.  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  1800-13  (Q.).  Of 
Ohio.     See  list  of 


Piper,  Jackson.     1888.     Born  at  Baltimore,  November  9,   1828.     A.B., 
Princeton,    1850;    A.M.,    Princeton;    M.D.,    University    of    Mary- 

534 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land,  1853 ;  Resident  Physician,  Baltimore  City  and  County  Alms- 
house, 1853-54;  practiced  at  Taneytown,  Carroll  County,  Md., 
1854-62:  at  Baltimore,  1862-64;  at  Towson,  1864 — ;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore  County  Almshouse,  Towson,  for  twelve  years ; 
President,  Maryland  State  Board  of  Health,  1884-92;  President, 
Baltimore  County  Medical  Association,  1897-98.  Winter  Residence, 
825  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

*PiPER,  William  Evans.  1832.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  17,  1807. 
Educated  by  Mr.  Prentiss,  of  Govanstown,  Md. ;  A.B.,  Kenyon 
College,  Ohio,  1826;  student  of  Dr.  John  Buckler;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1830;  practiced  first  at  Baltimore;  later,  at  Ow- 
ings'  Mills,  Baltimore  County,  1843-47;  in  Howard  County, 
near  Ellicott  City,  1847-58.  Died  near  Ellicott  City,  1858.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*PiPER,  Watson  J.  Born  in  Allegany  County,  Md.,  August  17,  1842; 
son  of  John  Piper.  Educated  at  Greensburg  (Pa.)  Academy;  a 
scout  for  several  years,  1861-I-,  on  the  Western  Plains;  pupil  of  Dr. 
S.  P.  Smith ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1865-66;  resigned,  1866,  and  located  for  practice  at  Barton, 
Allegany  County;  Founder,  1871,  and  Worshipful  Master,  Allegany 
Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.    Died  in  Allegany  County,  Md.,  1884  (Q.). 

PiTSNOGLE,  Jephtha  Ellsworth.  1899.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md., 
January  11,  1863.  Educated  at  State  Normal  School,  Shepherd? - 
town,  W.  Va. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889 ;  Pension 
Surgeon,  two  years ;  First  Vice-President,  Washington  County 
Medical  Society;  resides  at  Hagerstown. 

Pitts,  Hillary  R.  1839.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1837. 
Of  Berlin,  Worcester  County,  Md.  See  Treasurer's  book,  list  of 
1848  and  Polk's  Directory,  1886. 

Pitts,  John  R.     1824.     See  list  of  1848. 

Platt,  Walter  Brewster.  1882.  Born  at  Waterbury,  Conn.,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1853.  Ph.B.,  Yale,  1874;  M.D.,  Harvard,  1879;  F.R.C.S. 
England,  1883;  Surgeon,  Bayview  Hospital;  Surgeon,  Garrett  Hos- 
pital for  Children;  Demonstrator  of  Surgery,  University  of  Mary- 
land ;  author  of  "Pyuria,"  translated  from  Ultzmann.  802  Cathedral 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Poits,  William  E.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829;  was 
present  at  Annual  Convention  of  1834.  Of  Baltimore.  See  list  of 
1848. 

535 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Pole,  Arminius  Cleveland.  i88i.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  April 
9,  1852.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Henry  Darling;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1876;  formerly  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Operative  Sur- 
gery, Baltimore  Medical  College;  now  Professor  of  Anatomy, 
1884 — ;  Physician  to  Maryland  General  Hospital  and  Hospital  for 
Consumptives,  and  Medical  Examiner,  Shield  of  Honor.  2038 
Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Pollack,  Flora.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  5,  1865 ; 
daughter  of  Uriah  Pollack.  M.D.  and  Medalist,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1891 ;  Interne,  Blockley  Hospital,  Philadelphia, 
1891-92;  Lecturer  on  Embryology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1896-97;  Associate  Professor  of  Embryology  and  Physical 
Diagnosis,  1897;  studied  at  Berlin,  1897;  Attending  Physician, 
Evening  Dispensary  for  Working  Women;  Visiting  Physician, 
Home  for  Mothers  and  Infants  and  Female  House  of  Refuge; 
Assistant  in  Gynaecology,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary,  1902 — .  112 
West  Mount  i<.o:al  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Poole,  Thomas.     1828.    M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825. 

Porter,  Alexander  Shaw.  1891.  Bom  in  Maryland.  Ph.B.,  Dickin- 
son College,  1887;  A.M.,  1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889; 
practiced  at  Lonaconing,  Md.,  Fort  Huochuca,  Ariz.,  and  Whip- 
ple, Ark. ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  San  Diego,  Cal. ;  later,  in 
Philippines. 

*PoRTER,  Gabriel  Ellis.  Born  at  Frostburg,  Md.,  July  9,  1830;  son  of 
Moses  Porter.  Educated  at  the  Academies  of  Uniontown  and  Con- 
nellsville,  Pa. ;  student  of  Dr.  James  M.  Porter,  Frostburg,  Md. ; 
M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1853 ;  practiced  at  Frostburg,  1853- 
56;  settled  at  Lonaconing,  Md.,  1856;  Captain,  186 1 ;  later.  Major; 
Lieutenant- Colonel,  Second  Maryland  Potomac  Home  Brigade, 
U.  S.  v.,  1862-64 ;  Post  Surgeon,  Cumberland,  1864-65 ;  Member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  President,  Allegany  County 
Medical  Society,  1875 ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1880-81 ;  made  an  improvement  in  Smith's  anterior  splint, 
and  invented  a  wire  splint  for  fracture  of  arm  and  forearm.  Died 
at  Lonaconing,  Md.,  December  30,  1889. 

*PoRTER,  James.     1801  (?).     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Porter,  Minor  Gibson.  1892.  Born  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  October  11, 
1865.     Ph.B.,   Dickinson   College,    1884;   A.M.,    Dickinson    College, 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886;  resides  at  Lcnaconing, 
Md. 

PoRTMAN,  Adeline  Elwell.  1896.  Born  at  Ottawa,  III,  February  27, 
i860.  Graduate,  Mount  Vernon  College,  Illinois,  1876;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  1887;  Post-graduate  studies  at  University  of  Iowa, 
and  in  London,  1888  and  1894;  Assistant,  Eye  and  Ear  Clinic  of 
Emergency  Hospital  and  Central  Dispensary,  Washington;  Chief 
Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Service,  Woman's  Clinic,  Washington.  Ad- 
dress, Hollydene,  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

PosTLEY,  Charles  Ensor.  1899.  Born  in  Baltimore  Comity,  Md., 
March  21,  1847.  M.D.,  Howard  University,  District  of  Columbia, 
1886,  and  Georgetown  University,  1891  ;  LL.B.,  Columbian  College 
Law  School,  1872;  President,  Board  of  Commissioners,  Hyattsville, 
Md.,  1899;  resided  at  Washington,  1900  (Maryland  Directory, 
1900-01). 

*PoTTER,  Nathaniel.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Easton,  Talbot  County,  Md., 
1770.  Educated  at  a  college  in  New  Jersey;  pupil  of  Dr.  B.  Rush; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1796;  began  practice  at  Balti- 
more, 1797;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary, 
1802-05 ;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1801-09;  Founder  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1807; 
Professor  of  Practice  in  College  of  Medicine  and  the  University 
of  Maryland,  1807-43;  Dean  of  same,  1812  and  1814;  President, 
Baltimore  Medical  Society,  1812,  and  Medical  Society  of  Mary- 
land, 1817;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1817; 
Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse;  Editor,  Baltimore 
Medical  and  Philosophical  Lycceum,  1811  (quarterly,  four  num- 
bers published)  ;  Editor,  Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal 
(quarterly),  1840-43;  author  of  "Memoir  on  Contagion,"  8vo,  Balti- 
more, 1818;  "On  the  Locusta  Septentrionalis,"  8vo,  Baltimore, 
1839;  edited  with  notes,  "Armstrong  on  Typhus  Fever,"  8vo,  Balti- 
more, 1821 ;  edited  (with  S.  Calhoun)  "Gregory's  Practice,"  2  vols., 
8vo,  Philadelphia  (two  editions),  1826  and  1829.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
January  2,  1843. 

*PoTTiNGER,  Robert.  Founder.  1799.  Attended  the  clinical  lectures  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  at  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1769-70; 
M.B.,  College  of  Philadelphia,  1771 ;  is  said  to  have  continued  medi- 
cal study  at  London ;  on  Committee  of  Correspondence.  Of  Prince 
George  County,  Md. 

*PoTTS,  William,  Jr.  1810.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  1810. 
"Of  Md.,"  Western  Shore. 

537 


MiEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*PoTTS,  William  E.  Jr.  1828.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead.     (See  Poits,  W.  E.) 

Powell,  Alfred  H.  1878.  Born  at  Leesburg,  Va.,  September  18,  1831. 
Educated  at  Leesburg  High  School;  student  of  Dr.  A.  R.  Mott 
at  Leesburg;  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  1850-51;  M.D.,  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  1852;  Coroner  of  Loudon  County,  Va., 
and  Health  Officer  of  Leesburg  until  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  Surgeon,  1861-65;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1866; 
Assistant  Coroner,  Baltimore;  Demonstrator  and  Lecturer  on 
Anatomy  and  Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery,  Washington  Univer- 
sity, Baltimore ;  Vaccine  Physician ;  Resident  Physician,  Capon 
Springs,  Va.     805  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Powell,  John  F.  1856.  Born  May  7,  1830.  Educated  in  private 
schools;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1853;  Health  Officer  on 
Steamship  "North  Carolina"  during  yellow  fever  epidemic  at  Nor- 
folk and  Portsmouth,  1855 ;  Physician  to  City  Jail ;  Acting  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  during  the  Civil  War ;  Vaccine  Physician, 
1860-67.  See  Trans.,  1856,  1858  and  1873.  2122  St.  Paul  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*Powell,  Samuel  F.  Born  November  3,  1838.  Ph.  G.,  Maryland  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  1858;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  April  21,  1894. 

Powell,  William  Byrd.  1831-32.  M.D.  Of  New  Orleans.  See  list 
of  1848.  (There  was  a  "Powell,  Wm.  B."  graduate  of  Louisville 
Medical  College,  1874;  at  Nachitoches,  La. — Polk,  1893.  Probably 
a  son.) 

*PowER,  William.  1840.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1813.  A.B.,  Yale  Col- 
lege, 1832;  later,  A.M.;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Buckler;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1835;  studied  at  Paris,  under  Louis,  1835-40;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Almshouse,  1840;  Attending  Physician,  Almshouse, 
1841-42  and  1844-45 ;  Lecturer  on  Physical  Diagnosis,  University  of 
Maryland,  1841-42 ;  in  bad  health,  1843 ;  Lecturer  on  Practice,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1845-46;  Professor  of  Practice,  1846-52.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  August  15,  1852.  He  was  the  first  to  teach  clearly 
auscultation  and  percussion  at  Baltimore. 

*Pratt,    George  W.     1818.     Of   Dorchester   County,   Md.     See    list  of 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Prentiss,  Harry  G.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  2,  1858.  Edu- 
cated at  Loyola  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ; 
Sanitary  Officer,  Baltimore  County,  1884-86;  Vaccine  Physician, 
1880+ ;  Medical  Examiner,  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company. 
809  Gorsuch   Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Prentiss,  John  H.  1854  and  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1827.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  Sur- 
geon, Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company;  Surgeon,  California 
Troops,  1861 ;  Surgeon,  Army  of  Potomac,  1863-65;  settled  at 
Govanstown,  1865.  Died  at  Govanstown,  Md.,  January  26,  1888. 
See  Treasurer's  book. 

Preston,  George  Jenkins.  1885.  Born  at  Lexington,  Va.,  July  2, 
1858.  A.B.,  Washington  and  Lee  University,  1879;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1883;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Woman's 
Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  1889-90;  Professor  of  Physiology 
and  Nervous  Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1890 — ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1897-98; 
Attending  Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital;  Secretary, 
Lunacy  Commission  of  Maryland,  1898 — ;  Neurologist  to  City  Hos- 
pital, Bayviewf,  Hebrew  Hospital  and  St.  Agnes  Hospital ;  author 
of  a  work  on  "Hysteria,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1897.  819  North 
Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Preston,  Jacob  A.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817;  Censor,  Har- 
ford County,  1840;  represented  Harford  and  Cecil  Counties  in  Con- 
gress.    Of  Bush  River  Neck,  1820-63.     See  lists  of  1S48  and  1853. 

Price,  Abraham  Hicks.  1892.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  Sep- 
tember 4,  1836;  son  of  Dr.  Wm.  R.  Price.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1861 ;  practiced  in  Baltimore  County  till  1899,  when 
he  retired  on  account  of  ill  health.  Of  Towson,  Baltimore  County, 
Md. 

*Price,  Andrew  Baillie.  1892.  Born  at  Nanjemoy,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  1841 ;  son  of  John  Francis  Price.  Educated  at  Charlotte 
Hall  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867;  practiced 
three  years  at  Stephens  City,  Frederick  County,  Md.,  then  for  a 
short  time  at  Ocean  Mine,  Allegany  County,  and  for  the  rest  of 
his  life  (twenty-five  years)  at  Frostburg,  Md.  Died  at  Frostburg, 
April  15,  1900. 

*Price,  Charles.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1763.  Died  in  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  June  11,  1808.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

539 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Price,  Edward  B.  i88i.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1822.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland  ("111."),  1849;  appointed  from  Illinois,  Major  and 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  V.,  July  7,  1846;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fourteenth 
Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  April  9,  1847;  disbanded,  July  26,  1848;  prac- 
ticed at  New  Orleans  till  1880;  when  he  returned  to  Baltimore; 
later,  about  1886,  went  back  to  Louisiana  and  practiced  at  Alexan- 
dria.    Last  entry  in  Polk's  Directory,  1896. 

*Price,  James  B.  1839.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  (?)  (the 
title  is  given  him  in  Treasurer's  book).  Of  Ellicott's  Mills,  How- 
ard County,  Md.  Died  in  1847.  See  Treasurer's  book.  In  list 
of  1848  marked  dead.  (Can  this  be  "Price,  James  P.,  Pennsylvania, 
1819,"  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania?) 

Price,  James  Marshall.  1894.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1869.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890;  U.  S.  Pen- 
sion Examiner  under  Cleveland;  Director,  Western  Maryland 
Hospital;  Vice-President,  George's  Creek  Medical  Association, 
Maryland.     Of  Frostburg,  Md. 

''^Price,  Joseph.    Founder.     1799.     Of  Caroline  County,  Md. 

*Price,  Thomas  Carnes.  1892.  Born  at  Washington,  1830;  son  of 
John  Francis  Price.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  graduating ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852 ;  settled  for  practice  at  Nanje- 
moy,  Charles  County,  moving  to  Frostburg,  Md. ;  in  partnership 
with  A.  B.  Price.  Died  at  Frostburg,  Md.,  November,  1896  (rail- 
road accident). 

pRiCHARD,  John  E.  1890.  Born  In  Wales,  February  13,  1830.  Emi- 
grated to  America,  1840;  educated  at  Union  University,  Albany, 
N.  Y.;  M.D.,  Albany  Medical  College,  1857;  in  Civil  War,  1861-63; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1868.  His  name  is  in  Polk's  Directory,  1886- 
98;  last  entry,  1898. 

Prigg,  Joseph.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of  Har- 
ford County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Prince,  Anthony  W.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Marj^land,  1827. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  1877  or  1878.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873; 
also  Trans.,  1878. 

Prosch,  Theodore.     1828.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

540 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Pryor,  James  W.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828;  resided 
at  Middletown,  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1829;  later,  of  Ohio.  See 
list  of  1848.  (There  is  a  Pryor,  J.  W.,  Palmyra,  Mo.,  in  Polk's 
Directory,  1886.) 

*PuE,  Arthur.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  EJkridge,  Anne  Arundel 
County  (now  Howard  County),  Md.,  August,  1776;  son  of  Dr. 
Michael  P.  and  Mary  Dorsey  Pue,  of  Belmont,  Anne  Arundel 
County.  Attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1794,  and  at  Edinburgh,  1796-97  (not  an  M.D.  of  Edin- 
burgh) ;  married  Rebecca  Buchanan;  they  had  thirteen  children, 
four  of  whom  were  physicians ;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1804.  A  man 
of  influence  and  a  physician  of  prominence.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
1847. 

*PuE,  Arthur,  Jr.  1832.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1804.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1826;  studied  in  Europe;  began  practice  at  Baltimore, 
removing  later  to  Howard  County,  and  engaging  in  farming.  Died 
near  Ellicott  City,  Md.,  September  20,  1881.  See  lists  of  1848, 
1853  and  1873. 

*PuRNELL,  Chesed.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819; 
resided  in  Northampton  County,  Va.,  1846-54,  then  returned  to 
Snow  Hill,  where  he  pursued  farming;  retired  almost  entirely 
from  practice  in  last  twenty-five  years  of  life ;  never  married. 
Died  near  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County,  Md.,  1862.  See  Treas- 
urer's book. 

*PuRNELL,  George  Washington.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "New 
Fairfield,"  Worcester  County,  Md.,  November  25,  1776.  Resided 
at  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County;  "probably  one  of  the  youngest 
of  the  charter  members."  Died  near  Berlin,  Md.,  May  18,  1844. 
(Two  of  his  four  sons  were  physicians — James  R.  S.  Purnell,  who 
was  in  the  Legislature  and  who  died  1848,  and  George  W.  Pur- 
nell, who  went  to  Louisiana  and  died  in  1861.  Two  grandsons 
also  became  physicians — William  Purnell,  deceased,  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  George  Purnell,  living  in  Mississippi.) 

Purnell,  James  Bowdoin  Robins.  1858.  Born  near  Snow  Hill,  Wor- 
cester County,  Md.,  January  13,  1829.  Educated  at  University  of 
Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850;  attended  lectures 
subsequently  at  Baltimore,  Philadelphia  and  New  York;  practiced 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  1857;  in  1858-59  studied  abroad,  London,  Edin- 

541 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

burgh  and  Paris;  began  practice  at  Snow  Hill,  i860;  Physician  to 
County  Almshouse;  Health  Officer,  Worcester  County,  1896-97; 
author  of  work  on  "Chemical  Analysis,"  1878;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,   1900-01.     Of   Snow  Hill,   Md. 

*PuRNELL,  James  R.  S.  1831.  Son  of  G.  W.  Purnell,  Founder.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1830 ;  Member  of  the  Legislature,  1848. 
Of  Worcester  County,  Md.     Died  of  typhoid  fever,  1848. 

*PtnRNELL,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "New  Fairfield,"  Wor- 
cester County,  Md.,  September  24,  1765;  son  of  IMajor  William 
Purnell.  Practiced  for  a  time  in  Virginia,  moving  later  to  Mary- 
land; M.D.,  probably  at  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia. 
"Mr.  John  Purnell  of  Maryland"  read  before  the  American  Medi- 
cal Society  of  Philadelphia,  January  27,  1787,  "Two  Cases  of 
Hepatitis"  (Packard,  p.  374).  "A  very  cultivated  gentleman."  Died 
at  Snow  Hill,  December,  1800.  (A  son,  John  Robins  Purnell,  be- 
came a  physician  and  moved  to  Alabama,  where  he  died  without 
descendants.  John  Purnell  Moore,  Mayor  of  Snow  Hill,  is  a 
great-grandson  of  this  Fotmder.) 

*PuRNELL,  John  G.  1816.  Brother  of  Chesed  Purnell.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1815;  practiced  in  Worcester  County,  Md. ; 
left  there  about   1825  and  settled  in  Texas.     Archives. 

*Ptjrnell,  John  Robins.  1831-32.  Bom  in  Worcester  County,  i\Id. ; 
son  of  the  Founder,  John  Purnell.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1819;  practiced  in  Worcester  County,  Md.,  and  Accomac 
County,  Va. ;  about  1839  removed  to  Selma,  Ala.,  where  he  died, 
without  descendants,  about  1860-65. 

*PuRNELL,  Robert  Jenkins  Henry.  1816.  Born  in  Worcester  County, 
Aid.,  December  14,  1786;  son  of  William  Purnell.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1811;  practiced  in  Worcester  Countj^  and 
died  there,  August  13,   1825. 

*Purnell,  William.  1816.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  181 1. 
Archives. 

*Queen,  William.  1816.  Born  at  Bladensburg,  Md.,  1793.  Edu- 
cated at  Georgetown  College ;  said  to  have  graduated  in  medicine 
"at  the  Baltimore  School ;"  Censor,  Charles  County,  Md.,  1831  and 
1840.  "A  man  of  eminence  and  learning."  Died  at  Brj-antown, 
Md.,  March  i,  1869,  aet.  76. 


GEORGE   FRICK 

1793-1870. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

QuiN,  James  P.     1833-     M.D.     Of  Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

*QuiNAN,  John  Russell.  1877.  Born  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  August  7, 
1822;  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Quinan.  Educated  at  Marietta  Col- 
lege, Ohio;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  K.  Mitchell;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1844; 
practiced  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  for  twenty-five  years;  President 
of  the  School  Board  of  Calvert  County;  removed  to  Baltimore, 
1869;  Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Woman's  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1883-85;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1884-85;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1885-86; 
author  of  "Key  to  Questions  on  Orthography,"  etc.,  1865 ;  "Medical 
Annals  of  Baltimore,"  1884;  one  of  the  Editors  of  "Foster's  Medi- 
cal Dictionary."     Died  at  Baltimore,  November  11,  1890. 

*QuiNBY,  David.  1810.  Possibly  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Mary- 
land. Of  Church  Hill,  Queen  Anne  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

*Radcliffe,  James.  1816.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Worcester  County  Md.  See  lists  of  1848  and  1853.  The 
Treasurer  signs  receipt  for  license  fee,  "Rackliffe." 

Ragan,  O.  H.  Williams.  1890.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  July  13, 
1852;  son  of  Dr.  William  Ragan.  Educated  at  Hagerstown  Acad- 
emy and  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1874;  Clinical  Recorder,  University  Hospital;  began  practice 
at  Hagerstown,  1876;  Health  Officer  of  Hagerstown  and  Washing- 
ton County. 

Ramsay,  Otto  Gustaf.  1897.  Born  at  New  York  City,  January  17, 
1870.  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1890;  Assistant  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1892-94;  Assistant  Resident  Gynae- 
cologist, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1894-97;  Resident  Gynaecologist, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1897-98;  Chief  of  Gynaecological  Clinic, 
1898-1900 ;  Instructor  in  Gynaecology,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1898-1901 ;  Associate  in  Gynaecology,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1901 ;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology  in  Yale  University, 
Medical  School,  1901 — ;  Obstetrician  to  New  Haven  Hospital, 
1901 — .     251  Church  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Ramsay,  Richard  H.     1833.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Randall,  Bltrton  A.  1828.  Born  at  Annapolis,  1805.  Pupil  of  Dr. 
D.  Claude;  B.A.,   St.  John's,   1817;  M.A.,  St.  John's;   M.D.,  Uni- 

35  543 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versity  of  Pennsylvania,  1828;  settled  first  at  Williamsport,  Md. ; 
in  Seminole,  Creek  and  Mexican  Wars;  especially  commended  by 
General  Twiggs ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1832 ;  Surgeon,  1838 ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  by  brevet;  Surgeon  in  Charge  of  Hospital,  1861- 
65;  Lieutenant-Colonel  by  brevet  at  close  of  War;  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 1866 ;  retired,  1869 ;  married  the  niece  of  General  Taylor.  Died, 
February,  1886.     See  list  of  1848. 

Randolph,  Robert  Lee.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  i,  1861 ; 
son  of  Bishop  A.  M.  Randolph.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1884;  Assistant  in  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1893,  and  more  recently  Associate  in  same ;  Associate 
Professor  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, 1901 — ;  author  of  article,  "Otology,"  in  "Progressive  Medicine," 
vol.  i,  8vo,  Lea  Bros.  &  Co.,  1899;  av^^arded  the  "Alvarenga  Prize," 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  1899,  for  Essay  on  "The 
Regeneration  of  the  Crystalline  Lens — an  Experimental  Study,"  and 
the  "Boylston  Prize"  of  Harvard  University,  1902,  for  Essay  on 
■"The  Role  of  the  Toxins  in  Inflammation  of  the  Eye."  816  Park 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Rasin,  Robert  Cooper.  1891.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  October  24,  1865. 
Ph.D.,  Loyola  College,  1886;  M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1890; 
U.  S.  Examining  Surgeon,  Pension  Department,  Baltimore.  859 
Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Rawlings,  Daniel.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Calvert  County;  later,  re- 
sided in  Mississippi.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

*Ray,  Jesse  Hyde.  1808.  A.M.,  St.  John's,  1802  (Q.)  ;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  July  20,  1809 ;  Surgeon,  July  24,  1813.  Died  Sep- 
tember 7,  1835  (Medical  and  Phy^sical  Recorder).  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead. 

*Read,  John  M.  1802  {Federal  Gazette,  June  25).  Born  in  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md. ;  son  of  Rev.  Read.  Of  Cumberland,  Md. 
Died  in  1822  (Q.).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

*Readell,  John  Didier.  181  i.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  1790.  Educated 
by  Dr.  H^orwitz ;  student  of  Dr.  P.  Chatard ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1811;  in  Europe,  1811-16;  returned  to  Baltimore, 
1816;  a  Member,  Founder,  and  Secretary  of  the  Delphian  Club,  the 

544 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY" 

first  in  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physician,  182 1 ;  Vice-President,  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1848-51 ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Historical  Society  of  Maryland ;  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court ; 
R.W.G.M.  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  of  Maryland,  1852.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, May  31,  1854. 

Reading,  M.  Laura  Ewing.  1890.  Born  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
Maryland.  M.D.,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  1885; 
Post-graduate  Course,  same,  and  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ;  prac- 
ticed at  Baltimore ;  later,  settled  at  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  now  Physician  in 
Charge,  Oglethorpe-by-the-Sea   Sanitarium,  Tampa,  Fla. 

*Reardon,  James.  Married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  H. 
Birckhead,  Founder;  practiced  at  Magnolia,  Harford  County ;  lived 
some  years  at  Baltimore,  and  Physician  to  Penitentiary;  when 
advanced  in  life,  removed  to  California,  where  he  died,  leaving  a 
family. 

*Redfield,  Chandler.  1820.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819. 
Of  Pennsylvania.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Rees,  John  T.  Born  in  Delaware.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas ;  MD.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1805;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  1813  (not  known  whether  he  delivered  an  oration)  ;  resided 
at  Millington,  Kent  County,  Md. ;  died  young.  In  list  of  1848 
marked  dead.  (Quinan  says  a  Dr.  John  T.  Reese,  of  Kent  County, 
died  at  Philadelphia,  1833,  aged  53.) 

*Reese^  David  Meredith.  Born  in  Maryland,  1800.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1819;  Vaccine  Physician  at  Baltimore,  1824,  and 
Censor  the  same  year;  LL.D.;  Professor  of  Medicine,  Castleton 
College,  Vermont,  1841-42 ;  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medi- 
cine and  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Washington  University,  Balti- 
•  more,  1842-45 ;  Professor  of  Medicine,  Albany  Medical  College ; 
Resident  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York;  a  Founder 
of  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine;  Vice-President,  American 
Medical  Association,  1857;  Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine, 
New  York  Medical  College,  i860;  edited  "Cooper's  Dictionary 
of  Practical  Surgery,"  American  edition,  1844;  Editor  of  American 
Medical  Gazette,  New  York.  Died  at  New  York,  May  13,  1861. 
See  Trans.  American  Medical  Association,  1861. 

*Reese,  John  S.  1829.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1829.     Of  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

545 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Regester,  Wilson  Gray.  Born  in  Bath  County,  Va.,  February  i6, 
1845.  Educated  at  Roanoke  College,  Salem,  Va. ;  a  private  in  the 
Artillery,  C.  S.  A.;  M.D.,  Washington  Univensity,  Baltimore, 
1869;  began  practice  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  but  removed 
to  Baltimore;  Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1873-82;  M.D.,  ad  eund.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1874-75;  State  Vaccine  Agent,  1876-82;  At- 
tending Physician,  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  Baltimore.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  April  22,   1882. 

Rehberger,  John  H.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1850.  Educated  at 
City  College,  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873. 
1709  Aliceanna  Street,  Baltimore. 

Reichard,  Valentine  Milton.  1897.  Born  in  Washington  County, 
Md.,  October  17,  1858.  Educated  at  Pennsylvania  State  Normal 
School;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  McP.  Scott;  M.D.,  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege,  1882;  practices  at  Fairplay,   Md. 

Reiche,  Peter  H.  1878.  Born  at  Lippestadt,  Westphalia,  1837.  Edu- 
cated at  Gymnasium  at  Soest ;  emigrated  to  Baltimore,  1853 ;  pupil 
of  Dr.  Jas.  Bordley,  Centerville,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1869.     906  Gorsuch  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

Reid,  E.  Miller.  1881.  Born  near  Lancaster,  O.,  November  15,  1844. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1864;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1864-65;  Professor  of 
Physiology,  etc.,  Baltimore  University,  1888-92;  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Nervous  System,  and  of  the  Throat  and  Chest,  Baltimore 
University,  1892 — ;  President  of  Faculty  of  Baltimore  University, 
1896 — .     904  North   Fremont  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Reik,  Henry  Ottrage.  1895.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  23,  1868;  son 
of  Henry  A.  Reik.  Removed  to  Delaw^are ;  educated  at  Frederica 
(Del.)  High  School;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1888; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891  ;  Assistant  in  Ophthalmology  and 
Otology,  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School,  1897 — •;  Surgeon,  Balti- 
more Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  1898 — .  5  West  Pres- 
ton   Street,    Baltimore. 

Reinhard^  Gustav  Arnold  Ferdinand.  1872.  Born  at  Melsungen, 
Province  of  Hessen-Nassau,  Germany,  April  i,  1840.  Graduated 
from  the  Gymnasium  of  Hisfeld,  1858;  studied  at  the  Universities 
of  Wiirzburg  and  Marburg ;   M.D.,  University  of  Marburg,   1863 ; 

546 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

passed  Staats-examen ;  Physician,  North  German  Lloyd  Steamship 
Company;  studied  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  1866;  Surgeon, 
Austro-Prussian  War,  1866-67;  emigrated  to  Baltimore,  1868.  1400 
Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Reinhart,  David  Jerome.  1878.  Born  at  Middletown,  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  March  26,  1845.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Isaac  N.  Wood,  of 
Newmarket,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  settled  at 
Baltimore,  1878;  Sanitary  Inspector,  Health  Department  of  Balti- 
more, 1898-1900.     1 1 18  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Rennolds,  Henry  T.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  8,  1844.  Educated 
at  High  School;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867;  studied  at 
Long  Island  College  Hospital;  Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary, 1867-77;  Physician  to  Kelso  Orphan  Asylum,  1874 — ; 
President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Baltimore.  2004  St. 
Paul  Street,  Baltimore. 

i 

Requardt,  William  Whitall.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  7, 
1872.  Educated  at  Deichman's  School  and  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1896;  Assistant  Chief  of 
Dispensary ;  Chief  of  Surgical  Clinic  and  Demonstrator  of  Surgery, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore;  Coroner.  2235 
Eutaw  Place,  Baltimore. 

Reuling,  George.  1896.  Born  at  Darmstadt,  Germany,  November  11, 
1839.  Studied  at  Munich,  Vienna,  Berlin  and  Giesen,  1860-66;  M.D., 
University  of  Giesen,  1866;  Surgeon,  Prussian  Army,  Austro- 
Prussian  War,  1866;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Eye  Hospital,  Wiesbaden, 
1866-67;  after  further  study  in  Paris,  1867-68,  settled  at  Balti- 
more as  Specialist  in  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases;  Founder,  and  At- 
tending Physician,  Maryland  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1868;  Vice- 
President,  Baltimore  German  Medical  Society;  Professor  of  Eye 
and  Ear  Diseases,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1871-73 ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases,  Baltimore  Medical  College ;  Oculist 
and  Aurist  to  Maryland  General  Hospital  and  Home  for  the  Aged. 
103  West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

Reuling,  Robert  C.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1872.  Educated  at 
Deichman's  School  and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  Balti- 
more Medical  College,  1894;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  1897-98;  Lecturer  on  Neurology,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1898-99;  studied  at  Berlin,  1898;  Demonstrator  of 
Neuropathology,     University     of  Maryland,     1899-1900;    Lecturer, 

547 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1900-01 ;  Clinical  Assistant  in  Neurology,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
Dispensary,  1899—.     103  West  Monument  Street,  Baltimore. 

Reuter,  John  Henry  F.  1837.  Of  Baltimore.  See  Treasurer's  book 
and  list  of  1848. 

*Revell,  Henry  M.  1878.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  Sep- 
tember 12,  1854.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  taught  school; 
pupil  of  his  father  (Dr.  Wm.  T.  Revell)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1876;  President,  Anne  Arundel  County  School  Board,  eight 
years.     Died  at  Asbury,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  July  2,  1901. 

*Revere,  John.  1817.  Born  at  Boston,  March  17,  1787;  son  of  the 
celebrated  Paul  Revere.  A.B.,  Harvard,  1807;  pupil  of  Dr.  James 
Jackson;  M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1811  (Thesis,  "De 
Insania")  ;  practiced  at  Boston,  1811-16;  settled  at  Baltimore  and 
made  some  valuable  discoveries  in  Applied  Chemistry;  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  Maryland  Institute;  in  Europe,  1829-31;  Professor, 
Practice  of  Medicine,  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1831-40;  Professor 
of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of  New  York,  1840-47; 
author  of  "Magendie's  Summary  of  Physiology,"  translation,  Balti- 
more, 1824;  translated  "Surgical  Essays"  by  Baron  D.  J.  Larrey, 
Baltimore,  1823 ;  published  before  his  death  part  of  a  w^ork  on 
"Practice."     Died  at  New  York,  May  7,  1847. 

Reynolds,  George  Brown.  Bom  in  Cumberland  County,  Va.,  October 
26,  1846.  Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Washing- 
ton University,  Baltimore,  1872 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview 
Hospital,  1872-73 ;  Resident  Physician,  Washington  University 
Hospital,  1873-76;  Vaccine  Physician,  1874-75;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1873-76;  Visiting 
Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1876-83 ;  Physician  to  Boys'  Home ; 
Consulting  Physician,  Hospital  for  Consumptives ;  Medical  Exam- 
iner, Royal  Arcanum,  etc.     809  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Reynolds,  John  C.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.  A.M.,  Dickinson, 
1825;  pupil  of  Dr.  R.  Archer;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1831; 
appointed  from  Pennsylvania,  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  May  i, 
1835;  resigned,  July  25,  1838;  Major  and  Surgeon  of  Volunteers, 
December  17,  1846;  disbanded,  August  8,  1848;  Surgeon,  Mexican 
War,  1847-48.     A  distinguished  surgeon  (Q.).     See  list  of  1848. 

*RicH,  Arthur,  Jr.  1838.  Born  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  1815.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1836.  Died  at  Baltimore,  April  25,  1880. 
See  Treasurer's  book. 

548 


MiEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

FiCH,  Herbert  Lowell.  1899.  Born  at  Charlotte,  Me.,  June  23,  1865. 
Ph.B.,  Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  1888;  Instructor 
of  Science,  Lasell  Seminary,  Auburndale,  Mass.;  Prosector  of 
Anatomy,  Tufts  Medical  College,  1897-98;  M.D.,  Tufts  Medical 
College,  Boston,  1898;  practiced  at  Baltimore  a  short  time  and  then 
removed  to  Dallas,  Tex. 

Richardson,  Thomas  Leonard.  Born  at  Bristol,  Tenn.,  September  i, 
1857.  Educated  at  Riddleberger's  School,  Edinburg,  Va. ;  Ph.G. 
and  Prizeman,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1884;  Commissioner 
of  Pharmacy  of  Maryland;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1898;  Postmaster,  Hampden;  President,  Alumni  Association, 
Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy;  in  drug  business  twenty-seven 
years;  practices  at  211  West  Twenty-fifth  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Rickert,  William.  1881.  Born  in  1855.  M.D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1879;  President,  Alumni  Associa- 
tion, College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1884-85.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, September  22,  1897. 

RiDGELY,  James  L.  1894.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  June  4,  1867; 
son  of  Henry  C.  Ridgely.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888; 
Health  Warden,  Fifteenth  Ward.     Address,  Forest  Park,  Baltimore. 

*Ridgely,  John  1800.  A.B.,  St.  John's,  1796  (Q.)  ;  Visitor,  St.  John's, 
1813  (Q.)  ;  Censor  of  Annapolis,  1819  and  1826;  appointed  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  July  2,  1803;  captured  on  Frigate  "Philadelphia" 
at  Tripoli,  October  31,  1804;  commanded  under  pain  of  death  to 
cure  Bey's  daughter;  under  his  care  she  recovered  and  the  Bey 
offered  her  in  marriage,  but  Ridgely  declined;  freedom  of  the  city 
was  offered  Ridgely,  who  was  loaded  with  presents;  Ridgely  re- 
signed, August  26,- 1808,  and  became  Minister  to  Tripoli.  See  lists 
of  1807  and  1848. 

*RiD0UT,  John.  i8i6(?).  B.A.,  St.  John's  College,  1810;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1816;  in  1819  lived  at  Hagerstown, 
Washington  County;  Censor,  1819  and  1840;  Visitor,  St.  John's 
College,  1840.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853  and  Trans.,  1856. 

*RiGGiN,  Henry  H.  1822.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822.  Of 
Monie,  Somerset  County,  Md.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*RiGGS,  Augustus,  Sr.  1826.  Born  January  9,  1804.  Said  to  have 
graduated  from  University  of  Maryland ;  name  not  in  Catalogue. 

549 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.     Died  January  ii,  1873.     See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

RiGGS,  George  Henry.  1893.  Born  at  Ijamsville,  Md.,  June  20,  1870. 
Educated  at  Glen  Ellen  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1891 ;  Associate  Resident  Physician,  Matley  Hill  Sanitarium,  1892- 
94;  Superintendent  and  Resident  Physician,  Riggs  Cottage  for 
Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases,  Ijamsville,  Md.,  since  1896. 

Riley^  Charles  H.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  16,  1856;  son  of 
Dr.  William  Riley.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1878; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880;  Interne,  Woman's  Hospital, 
New  York,  1880-81 ;  a  Founder  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  Woman's 
Hospital  of  Baltimore;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Woman's  Medical 
College  of  Baltimore,  1898 — ;  Trustee  of  the  Sheppard  and  Enoch 
Pratt  Asylum.     11 13   Madison  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Riley,  William.  1832.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  17,  1807.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832;  settled  at  Baltimore;  Attending 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1832-33 ;  Trustee  of  the 
Sheppard  Asylum.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  15,  1887. 

Ringgold,  Horace.     1826.     See  list  of  1848. 

*RiTCHiE,  Albert.  1828.  Born  near  Frederick,  Md.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1826;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1853-54;  practiced  at  Frederick  all  his  life  and 
died  there,  1858.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853  and  Trans.,  1856. 

Roach,  James.     1822.     See  Treasurer's  receipt  and  list  of  1848. 

*RoACH,  William  H.  Founder.  1799.  Of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.     See  newspaper,  July  6,  1809. 

RoBB,  Hunter.  1890.  Born  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  1862.  Educated  at 
Burlington  College  and  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1884;  First  Assistant,  Kensington 
Hospital  for  Women,  Philadelphia,  1884-88;  Resident  Gynaecolo- 
gist, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1889-90;  Associate  in  Gynae- 
cology, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891-94;  Professor  of  Gynae- 
cology, Western  Reserve  University,  Cleveland,  O.,  1894 — ;  Gyne- 
cologist in  Chief.  Lakeside  Hospital,  1898 — ;  a  contributor  to 
several  systems  of  Gynecology  and  Obstetrics ;  author,  "Aseptic 
<  Surgical  Technique,  with  Especial  Reference  to  Gynaecological 
Operations."     702  Rose  Building,  Cleveland,  O. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

^Roberts,  George.  Born  in  Chapel  District,  near  Easton,  Md.  Early- 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  M.  E.  Church;  was  located  successively, 
in  New  England,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Anna- 
polis; at  Philadelphia  he  attended  two  courses  of  medical  lectures, 
but  his  engagements  required  him  to  leave  before  taking  his 
degree ;  finally  located  at  Baltimore  and  entered  on  practice,  1806 ; 
M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1818;  continued  to 
practice  until  his  death.  Died  at  Baltimore,  August  2,  1827.  All 
his  sons  were  graduates  of  medicine ;  George,  Thomas,  Samuel, 
William  and  Charles. 

^Roberts,  George  C.  M.  1826.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  29,  1806. 
Educated  at  Asbury  College;  A.M.;  pupil  of  his  father  (George 
Roberts)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  D.D.,  Newton  Uni- 
versity, Baltimore;  Acting  Surgeon,  Fort  McHenry,  1842  (Q.)  ; 
began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1827;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Wash- 
ington University,  Baltimore,  for  three  years;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1854-56;  President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859-70;  a  Founder  of  the  American  Medical 
Association ;  a  practitioner  of  medicine  and  also  a  Presbyter  of  the 
M.  E.  Church.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January  15,  1870.  See  Trans., 
American  Medical  Association,  1870. 

*Roberts,  Samuel  L.  P.  1821.  Son  of  George  Roberts,  M.D.,  the 
elder.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820;  practiced  at  Balti- 
more.    Died  in   1823    (Q.).     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

^Roberts,  Thomas  A.  1825.  Born  May  4,  1804;  son  of  Dr.  George 
Roberts.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825;  after  graduation 
went  from  Baltimore  to  Cecil  County,  locating  at  Cecilton,  where 
he  practiced  up  to  his  death.  Died  at  Cecilton,  August  8,  1871. 
No  children. 

Roberts,  William  Miller.  1898.  Born  near  Lake  Roland,  Baltimore 
County,  Md.,  May  15,  1872.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1892;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1896;  resided  at  Baltimore 
until  1900;  Assistant  in  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary,  when 
he  became  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  of  U.  S.  V.  and  served  in  the 
Philippines;  in  1901,  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.; 
in  charge  of  the  Government  Hospital  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  Sur- 
geon, with  rank  of  Major,  Manila,  P.  I.  (Polk's  Directory,  1902). 

Robertson,  George  E.  Of  Hunting  Creek,  Caroline  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853.  (There  is  a  "Robertson,  Geo.  J.,  1834,  Md.," 
alumni  list.  University  of  Maryland.) 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Robertson,  H.  W.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  Md. ;  later,  of  Mississippi.  See 
list  of  1848. 

*RoBERTSON,  James  B.  1826.  Born  at  White  Haven,  Somerset  County, 
Md.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Died  in  Calvert 
County,  Md.,  1856,  aet.  53  (Q.).  See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of 
1848. 

Robins,  Morris  Cooper.  1895.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  14,  1870. 
M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1894; 
Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital;  Resident  Physician, 
Union  Protestant  Infirmary;  Lecturer,  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege; Lecturer  on  Physical  Diagnosis,  University  of  Maryland; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Throat  Department,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  Hospital ;  Associate  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine, 
University  of  Maryland.     1532  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*RoBiNSON^  Alexander  C.  1833.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1810.  A.B., 
Yale,  1830;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore  Almshouse ;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  University 
of  Maryland,  1841-42.  "A  man  of  striking  appearance,  graceful 
manners,  fine  taste  and  great  command  of  language,  hospitable, 
charitable  and  benevolent."  Died  in  Baltimore  County,  November 
9,    1871. 

*RoBiNSON,  George  Law.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  7,  1844;  son  of 
last-named.  Pupil  of  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1865;  studied  in  hospitals  in  Europe,  1867-68;  returned 
to  Baltimore  and  made  Surger}^  a  specialty;  Vaccine  Physician, 
1870-73 ;  a  Founder  of  the  Epidemiological  Association ;  Professor 
of  Operative  Surgery,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Balti- 
more.   Died  at  Baltimore,  September  11,  1873.     See  Trans.,  1874. 

Robinson,  John  H.  1891.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883.  726 
East  Preston  Street,  Baltimore. 

*RoBiNsoN,  Thomas.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked 
dead  in  the  latter. 

Robinson,  William  Kirkv^^ood.  1896.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  2, 
1869;  son  of  Dr.  Robert  K.  Robinson.  Educated  at  Baltimore 
City  College;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1890;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1893;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Uni- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

versity  Hospital,  1893-94;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  Maryland,  1894-95;  Assistant  in  Nose  and  Throat 
Department,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary,  1894-96 ;  settled  at  Denver, 
Col.,  1897;  Laryngologist  and  Rhinologist,  National  Jewish  Hos- 
pital for  Consumptives,  Steele  Memorial  Hospital  for  Contagious 
Diseases  and  Denver  Emergency  Hospital.  Stedman  Building,  736 
Fourteenth  Street,  Denver,  Col. 

*RoBY,  Joseph.  Born  at  Wiscasset,  Me.,  1807.  A.B.,  Brown  Univer- 
sity, 1828,  and  later,  A.M.;  MB.,  Harvard,  1831 ;  settled  at  Bos- 
ton; Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  Bowdoin  College,  Me., 
1837-43;  Professor  of  Practice,  Materia  Medica  and  Patho- 
logical Anatomy,  Dartmouth  College,  N.  H.,  1840-49;  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Physiology,  University  of  Maryland,  1842-60;  Lec- 
turer on  Practice,  University  of  Maryland,  1842-44;  Emeritus  Pro- 
fessor, i860.  He  ranked  among  the  best  lecturers  on  Anatomy  in 
America.    Died  at  Baltimore,  June  3,  i860. 

*RoESLER,  John  Charles.  1818.  Of  Emmitsburg,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848   and   1853. 

*R0GERS,  James  Blythe.  1828.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  February  11, 
1802;  eldest  son  of  P.  K.  Rogers.  Educated  at  Baltimore  and  at 
William  and  Mary  College;  student  of  Dr.  Thomas  E.  Bond,  of 
Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822;  began  practice  at 
Little  Britain,  Lancaster  County,  Pa. ;  later,  Professor  of  Chem- 
istry, Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1828-35 ;  Lecturer  at 
Mechanics'  Institute  and  engaged  in  geological  surveys;  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  Cincinnati  Medical  College,  1835-39;  removed  to  Phil- 
adelphia, 1840;  Lecturer  on  Chemistry,  Philadelphia  Medical  Insti- 
tute, 1841-44;  Professor  of  Chemistry  in  Franklin  Institute,  1844-47; 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1847-52 ;  author 
of  a  work  on  Chemistry  (jointly  with  his  brother),  1846.  A  noted 
chemist  and  geologist;  of  a  distinguished  family  of  scientists;  of  a 
very  delicate  physical  constitution.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  June  15, 
1852.     See  list  of  1848. 

*RoGERS,  John.  1816.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822  ("S.  C"). 
Of  Talbot  County,  Md.  Died  at  Easton,  1832  (Q.).  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

Rogers,  John  M.  B.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  10,  1B48, 
Educated  at  St.  Timothy's  Hall,  Catonsville ;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1877;  Examiner  for  several 
insurance  companies.     Of  Ellicott  City,  IMd. 

553 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*RoGERS,  Patrick  Kerr.  Born  in  Ireland.  Father  of  Profs.  Jas.  B. 
and  Robt.  E.  Rogers.  Emigrated  to  America,  1791;  medical  pupil 
of  Dr.  Barton,  of  Philadelphia;  Tutor  in  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1799-1800;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1802;  removed 
to  Baltimore;  Physician  to  Hibernian  Society,  1816;  Orator,  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1820;  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Natural  Philosophy,  William  and  Mary  College,  1819-28.  Died  at 
Williamsburg,  Va.,   1828.     See  list  of  1848. 

*RoGERS,  William.  1800.  Of  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland.  See 
Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

*RoHE,  George  Henry.  1877.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  Jan- 
uary 26,  1851.  Educated  at  the  public  schools;  pupil  of  Dr.  A.  F. 
Erich,  1867;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1873;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician; studied  Dermatology  under  Dr.  K  Wigglesworth,  Boston; 
Assistant  Physician,  Boston  Dispensary  for  Skin  Diseases,  1876; 
Lecturer  on  Skin  Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1877;  in  the  United  States  Signal  Service,  1878;  A.M. 
(Honorary),  Loyola  College,  Baltimore;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  1885 ;  Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1890-91 ; 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  etc..  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, 1881-99;  President,  American  Association  of  Obstetricians 
and  Gynaecologists,  1893-94;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical Faculty,  1890-91 ;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1893-94;  Superintendent,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Catonsville,  1891-96;  Superintendent,  Second  Hospital  for  the  In- 
sane, Springfield,  1895-99;  President,  Maryland  Public  Health 
Association  and  American  Public  Health  Association,  1898-99;  Sur- 
geon, Fifth  Regiment,  V.  C,  1898-99;  author  of  "Text-Book  of 
Hygiene,"  first  edition,  1885  ;  third  edition,  1897 ;  "Practical  Man- 
ual of  Skin  Diseases,"  1885-86  and  (with  Lord)  1892;  joint  author 
(with  Liebig)  of  "Electricity  in  Practical  Medicine  and  Surgery," 
1890;  Associate  Editor  of  Independent  Practitioner,  1882,  and 
Annual  Universal  Medical  Science,  1890 ;  Editor  of  Medical  Chron- 
icle, 1882-85.     Died  at  New  Orleans,  February  6,   1899. 

*RoLAND,  Thomas.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked 
dead  in  the  latter. 

*Rolando,  Henry.  1887.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1861.  A.B.,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1881 ;  M.D.  and  Examination  Medalist,  University 
of  Maryland,  1883 ;  Resident  Physician,  Presbyterian  Hospital,  New 

554 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 
York;  later,  practiced  at  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  October  4, 


Roman,  Samuel  T.  1889.  Born  in  Eighth  District,  Cecil  County, 
Md.,  September  26,  1839.  Educated  at  West  Nottingham  Acad- 
emy (4  years)  and  Princeton  (4  years)  ;  A.B.,  Princeton,  1861 ; 
A.M.,  Princeton,  1864;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1865; 
Acting  Medical  Cadet,  Cuyler,  U.  S.  A.,  General  Hospital;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Cuyler,  U.  S.  A.,  General  Hospital;  for  six 
years  a  member  of  Elkton  Examining  Board,  U.  S.  A.  Of  Cono- 
wingo,   Cecil  County,  Md. 

RoMiG,  John.  1838.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1825.  See 
Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

RoSEBERRY,  Benjamin  S.  1887.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  Novem- 
ber IS,  1853 ;  son  of  James  Allen  Roseberry.  Educated  at  Wash- 
ington' College,  Chestertown,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1874;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Baltimore 
University,  1883-88;  practiced  at  Baltimore  until  1888,  when  he 
removed  to  Lacon,  111. ;  in  1895  his  health  broke  down  and  he  went 
to  New  Mexico  ;  in  1897  removed  to  Colorado  ;  his  health  is  restored, 
and  he  now  practices  at  Victor,  Col. 

Rosenthal,  Melvin  Samuel.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  12, 
1871.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1892;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1892;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, City  Hospital,  1893;  Resident  Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital, 
1894-98 ;  Assistant  Quarantine  Physician,  1898+ ;  Associate  Profes- 
sor of  Genito-urinary  Surgery  and  Dermatology,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons.     181 1  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*RossE,  Zadock  Henry.  Born  at  Snow  Hill,  Worcester  County,  Md., 
1799;  son  of  George  Rosse,  of  Worcester  County,  Md,,  and  father 
of  Dr.  Irving  C.  Rosse,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  Educated  at  Wash- 
ington Academy,  Snow  Hill,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1822;  practiced  at  East  Newmarket;  later,  in  Lower  Dorchester 
County,  being  also  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  of  Dorchester 
County;  retired  from  practice  and  moved  to  Cambridge,  1849, 
devoting  himself  to  agriculture.  Died  at  Cambridge,  Dorchester 
County,  Md.,  April  19,  i860.     See  list  of  1848. 

RoussET,  Henry  F.  Censor,  Caroline  County,  Md.,  1840.  Of  Greens- 
boro, Caroline  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

555 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

RowE,  MoNMONiER.  1890.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1881.     1835  East  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

Rowland,  Ernest.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  2,  1874.  Edu- 
cated at  West  Nottingham  Academy;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical 
College,    1895 ;  practiced   since  at  Liberty  Grove,   Md. 

Rowland,  James  M.  H.  1894.  Born  at  Liberty  Grove,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1867.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1892;  Resident 
Physician,  Maryland  General  Hospital ;  Associate  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Bal- 
timore Medical  College.     1204  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

^Rowland,  Thomas.  1824.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  July  25,  1798; 
resigned,  January  23,  1799  (Hammersley).  Of  Baltimore  (1802), 
See  list  of  1848. 

^Rowland,  William  B.  1884.  Born  at  Rowlandsville,  Cecil  County, 
Md.,  1811.  A.M.,  Columbia  College,  New  York;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1834;  Member  of  Maryland  House  of  Delegates, 
1884;  practiced  at  Rowlandsville,  Md.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember 6,  1885. 

RuBEL,  Peter.  1817.  M.D.  Of  Sharpsburg,  Washington  County, 
Md.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Rucco,  Julius.     1817.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

Ruhrah,  John.  1896.  Born  at  Chillicothe,  O.,  September  26,  1872. 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1894; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1894-95 ;  Resident 
Physician,  City  Hospital,  1895-97;  Physician  in  Charge  of  the  Pas- 
teur Department,  City  Hospital,  1897-98;  Lecturer  on  Bacteriology, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1896-98;  Quarantine  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore,  1898;  Associate  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren and  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons.  Present  title :  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children. 
839  North  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Runkel,  John.  1817.  Of  Emmitsburg,  Md.  (A  Dr.  Runkel  is  said  to 
have  practiced  in  Frederick  County  in  1792 — Q.)  Mentioned  (1803) 
by  Scharf,  "History  of  Western  Maryland,"  1882. 

Rusk,  George  Glanville.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  i, 
1846.     Graduated    from    Baltimore    City    College,    1863 ;    pupil    of 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Monkur;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867;  Professor  of 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1884- 
85 ;  Physician  in  Charge  of  Private  Sanitarium.  2000  East  Balti- 
more Street,  Baltimore. 

*RussELL,  John.  1822.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1821.  Of 
Pennsylvania.     See  list  of   1848. 

Russell,  William  W.  1896.  Born  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  July  29, 
1866.  C.E.,  Pennsylvania  Military  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1890;  Associate  in  Gynaecology,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity; Associate  Professor  of  Gynsecology,  1901 — .  700  North 
Howard   Street,  Baltimore. 

*RussuM,  Sydenham  Thorne.  1813.  Born  in  Dorchester  County, 
Md.  Censor,  Talbot  County,  1840.  Of  Wye  Mills,  Talbot  County, 
Md.     Died  at  Wye  Mills,  April,  1852.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Rutter,  Edward  John.  1836.  Born  at  Baltimore ;  son  of  Thos. 
B.  Rutter,  cashier  of  Farmers  and  Planters  Bank.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1837;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  September  6, 
1837;  Surgeon,  September  20,  1850;  drowned  at  sea,  April  30,  1852 
(Hammersley).     No  children.     See  list  of  1848. 

Sadtler,  Charles  E.  1892.  Born  in  Cumberland  County,  Pa.,  Octo- 
ber 2,  1851.  A.M.,  Pennsylvania  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1873 ;  Dispensary  Physician,  University  of  Maryland. 
1800  Bolton   Street,   Baltimore. 

*Salzer,  Henry.  1878.  Born  in  Germany,  1841.  Educated  at  Uni- 
versities of  Wiirzburg  and  Giessen;  M.D.,  Giessen,  1866;  began 
practice  at  Hessen ;  Surgeon,  Franco-Prussian  War,  1870 ;  settled 
at  Baltimore,  1872;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Stomach,  Balti- 
more Medical  College ;  Specialist  in  Gastric  Diseases.  Died  at  Bal- 
timore, June  19,  1896. 

*Sanderson,  William  Raymond.  1837.  Born  in  Maryland,  1810. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1834.  Died  at  Frederick,  Md., 
November  17,  1887.    See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

Sandrock,  William  Christian.  i8go.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October 
2,  1854.  Educated  at  Knapp's  Institute;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy,  1875;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1878;  Vice- 
President,     Adams     County     Medical     Association,     Pennsylvania, 

557 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1887-89;     President,    School    Board,    New    Oxford,    Pa.,    1886-88. 
1242  North  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

*Sands,  William.  1823.  Born  in  1803.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1823.  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  Died  June  24,  1879. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Sanger,  Frank  Dyer.  1891.  Born  at  Canterbury,  Conn.,  August  27, 
1864.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1888; 
Resident  Physician,  Woman's  Hospital ;  Resident  Physician,  Bay- 
view  Hospital ;  Resident  Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital ; 
Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Nose,  Throat  and  Chest, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore.  525  North  Charles 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Sappington^  Francis  Brown.  Founder.  1799.  Son  of  Francis  Sap- 
pington.  Of  Libertytown,  Frederick  County,  Md. ;  married  Ann 
Ridgley,  November  2,  1783.  Died  at  Libertytown  about  1839,  at  an 
advanced  age.  (A  picture  of  this  Founder  was  exhibited  at  the 
Centennial.)     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

*Sappington,  John.  1825.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  1801 ; 
son  of  Richard  Sappington.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1825 ;  practiced  in  York  County,  Pa.,  and  Harford  County,  Md. 
Died  in  1869. 

*Sappington,  John  K.  1836.  Born  in  Maryland,  May  15,  1776.  Lived 
at  Deer  Creek,  Harford  County,  Md. ;  pupil  of  his  father  (R.  Sap- 
pington) ;  practiced  at  Nashville ;  later,  at  Franklin,  Tenn. ;  later, 
in  Kentucky,  1807;  finally  settled  at  Franklin,  1820;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1817;  author  of  a  "Treatise  on  Fevers," 
1844  (used  ergot  in  obstetrical  practice  in  1831 — Q.).  Died  in 
Salem  County,  Ky.,  September  7,  1856. 

Sappington^  Purnell  Fletcher.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  Novem- 
ber 8,  1864.  Educated  at  St.  James  College;  Ph.  G.,  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy,  1884;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1887; 
Physician,  Northeastern  Dispensary,  1888-98;  Secretary,  Baltimore 
County  Health  Board,  1897-98;  practices  at  Govanstown,  Md. 

*Sappington,  Richard.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  1755.  Surgeon,  Revolutionary  Army,  and  wounded.  Died 
at  Havre  de  Grace,  Harford  County,  Md.,  1826. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Sappington,  Thomas.  1854.  Born  at  Libertytown,  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  October  16,  1816;  son  of  Col.  Thomas  Sappington;  grandson 
of  Dr.  F.  B.  Sappington,  Founder.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College, 
Frederick ;  attended  one  course  of  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Maryland,  a  second  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated,  1839;  practiced  at  Libertytown,  1839-53,  then  removed  to 
Baltimore;  retired  about  1876.     Died  at  Baltimore,  August  11,  1901. 

Sappington,  Thomas  P.  Born  at  Unionville,  Md.,  February  7,  1847; 
son  of  Dr.  G.  R.  Sappington.  A.B.,  Calvert  College,  New  Windsor, 
Md.,  1867 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869 ;  a  Charter  Member 
of  Frederick  County  Medical  Association ;  has  practiced  since  1869 
at  Unionville,  Frederick  County,  Md.     See  Trans.,  1873. 

*Sappington,  William  B.  1821.  Son  oi  Dr.  Richard  Sappington,  of 
Harford  County,  Surgeon  in  Continental  Army  during  Revolu* 
tion.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1812.  Of  Havre  de 
Grace,  1821-48.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Sasscer,  Reverdy.  1899.  Born  at  Upper  Marlboro,  Prince  George 
County,  Md.,  1874.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1897.  Of 
Upper   Marlboro,    Md. 

Saunders,  Joseph  Bernard.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  25,  1864. 
Graduated  from  Baltimore  City  College;  in  the  drug  business, 
1878-83;  pupil  of  Dr.  T.  S.  Latimer;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1885;  Dispensary  Physician,  1885-96; 
Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1894-96 ;  Physician,  St. 
Elizabeth's  Home,  1886-97;  Medical  Director,  Western  Maryland 
Railroad  Relief  Association ;  President,  Maryland  Pilgrims  Associa- 
tion;  Vaccine  Physician  at  Baltimore  for  five  years;  Coroner.  219 
East  Preston  Street,  Baltimore. 

Savin,  Thomas  Littleton.  1899.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
February  25,  1875.  Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,   1897.     1349  York  Road,  Baltimore. 

Saxton,  Alexander  H.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  2,  1842. 
Educated  at  Georgetown  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1863 ;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  four 
years ;  Vaccine  Physician,  ten  years ;  United  States  Pension  Sur- 
geon, eight  years;  Medical  Examiner,  John  Hancock  and  Penn 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Companies,  Royal  Arcanum,  Catholic 
Benevolent  Legion  and  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen;  At- 

36  559 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tending  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  House  of  Industry  and  House  of 
the  Good  Shepherd.     1136  West  Lexington  Street,  Baltimore. 

*ScANLAN,  James.  1801  (?).  Censor,  1819-22.  Of  Georgetown,  Cecil 
County,  Md. 

ScARFF,  John  Henry.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  March  17, 
1851 ;  son  of  Joshua  Hardesty  Scarfif.  Educated  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Normal  School;  pupil  of  Dr.  M.  L.  Jarrett;  M.D.,  Washing- 
ton University,  Baltimore,  1876;  Vaccine  Physician,  1878-82;  Pro- 
fessor of  Gynaecology,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  for  several 
years.     411  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*ScHAEFFER,  Edward  Morton.  1891.  Bom  at  Baltimore,  1856.  Edu- 
cated at  Dickinson  and  Harvard  Colleges ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1880;  Physical  Director,  Washington  and  Lee  Univer- 
sity, 1893 ;  First  Chairman,  General  Sanitation  Committee  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1896-98;  Editor,  Health  Journal. 
Baltimore ;  one  of  the  Founders  of  the  Maryland  Public  Health 
Association,  1897;  First  Vice-President,  Maryland  Public  Health 
Association,  1897;  President  of  same,  1898-99;  from  1887,  Specialist 
in  Physical  Training  and  Hygiene.  Died  at  Baltimore,  April  23, 
1901    (from  suicide). 

ScHEiDT,  Robert  P.  C.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  17,  1858. 
Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1881 ;  M.D.,  Baltimore 
University,    1893.     1318    South    Charles    Street,    Baltimore. 

ScHiNDEL,  Edward  Myley.  1892.  Born  in  Washington  County,  Md., 
May  4,  1854.  Graduated  from  Pennsylvania  State  Normal  School, 
Millersville,  1874 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883 ;  Physician, 
Bellevue  Asylum,  1892-96 ;  Member  of  Board  of  Pension  Surgeons ; 
Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1891 — ;  Mayor  of  Hagers- 
town,   Md.,   1898- 1902. 

*Schley,  Thomas.  1801.  Of  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

^Schneider,  Gerard  Joseph.  About  1820.  Born  at  Diisseldorf,  Ger- 
many. Partner  of  Dr.  Godfrey  Wise.  Died  in  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  December  26,  1821.     See  list  of  1848. 

*ScHNivELY,  Jacob.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Hagerstown,  Washington 
County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853.  (A  Jacob  C. 
Snively  died  in  Washington  County,  October  17,  1862,  aged  87 — 
Scharf's  "Western  Maryland.") 

560 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ScHOCH,  Jacob  L.  About  1872.  Born  at  Movant  Carmel,  III.,  May  14, 
1843;  son  of  M.  P.  Schoch.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Dunbar,  1863-64;  at  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  1864-65 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1870;  except  a  year  each  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  Texas,  has  practiced 
ever  since  at  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  County,  Pa.  See  Trans., 
1873. 

*ScHWARTZE,  Aug.  I.  1831.  Born  in  Germany.  M.D.,  Washington 
Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1829;  President,  Chesapeake  Marine 
Insurance  Company,  Baltimore;  President,  American  Mutual  Ma- 
rine Insurance  Company,  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore.  See  list 
of  1848. 

*ScHWARTZE,  Edw^ard.  1828.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  i,  1805. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  Wm.  Handy.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1828;  President,  American  Mutual  Marine  Insurance 
Company,  Baltimore.     Died  at  Baltimore,  March  12,  1886. 

ScHWATKA,  John  Bushrod.  1891.  Born  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1861.  Educated  at  the  Academy  of  Sudlersville ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1882 ;  practiced  in  Delaware,  1882-83 ; 
settled  at  Baltimore,  1883;  Vaccine  Physician,  1885-87;  Assistant 
Medical  Examiner,  1887;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1885 ;  Lecturer  on  Regional  Anatomy,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1887-95 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Univer- 
sity, 1895-98;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children,  and  Clinical  Med- 
icine, Maryland  Medical  College,  1898 — ;  President,  Baltimore  Med- 
ical and  Surgical  Society,  1897-98;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Fourth 
Regiment,  M.  N.  G.,  1896+;  Sheriff  of  Baltimore,  1899-1901.  1003 
North  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

ScHWATKA,  William  H.  1891.  Born  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  January 
7,  1863.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1890;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician,  1891+.     2429  Fait  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*ScoTT,  Edward.  Fotindcr.  1799.  Son  of  a  physician  of  Qiester- 
town,  Kent  County,  Md.  Educated  at  Washington  College,  Ches- 
tertown ;  medical  student  of  Dr.  James  M.  Anderson ;  attended 
lectures  at  Philadelphia,  but  it  is  not  known  whether  he  took  a 
degree;  practiced  at  Georgetown  Cross  Roads  (now  Galena),  for 
thirty  years,  and  was  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  profession 
there.  "He  was  handsome,  dignified,  refined,  courteous  and  elo- 
quent and  a  sincere  Christian.  He  had  a  slight  defect  in  one  eye. 
For  many  years  he  was  an  invalid  from  rheumatic  gout,  but  lived 
to  an  old  age."     Died  October  i,  1803. 

561 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*ScoTT,  Edward.  Born  in  1786  (Q.).  Censor,  Kent  County,  1831  and 
1840  (American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences  and  Maryland 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal).  Died  October  i,  1842  {Maryland 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  vol.  iii). 

Scott,  Edward  A.  Born  at  Galena,  Kent  County,  Md.,  January  6, 
1859.  Graduated  from  Conference  Academy,  Dover,  Del.,  1876; 
A.B.,  St.  John's  College,  1880;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1886;  A.M.,  St.  John's  College,  1887;  practices  at  Galena,  Md. 

Scott,  John  McPherson.  i8qo.  Born  at  Hagerstown,  April  12, 
1850;  son  of  Dr.  Norman  B.  Scott.  A.B.  and  A.M.,  Pennsylvania 
Colkge,  Gettysburg;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1873;  began 
practice  at  Hagerstown;  Member  of  House  of  Delegates,  1876  and 
1880;  Member  of  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  Maryland  since 
organization,  1892,  and  Secretary  of  same  since  1896 ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1890-91  and  1898-99;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1901-C2:  Surgeon,  West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad ;  Health  Officer,  Washington  County,  Md. 
P.   O.,  Hagerstown,  Md. 

*ScoTT,  John  N.  1819.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  In  list  of  1848  marked 
dead. 

Scott,  Norman  B.  1890.  Born  at  Bruceville,  Carroll  County,  Md., 
1819.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  New 
York,  1844;  settled  at  Hagerstown  shortly  after;  served  in  hos- 
pitals at  Hagerstown  after  battles  oi  Antietam  and  Gettysburg; 
retired ;  resides  at  Hagerstown,  Md. 

Scott,  Stanhope  McC.  1874.  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1871. 
Of  Cumberland,  Md.,  now  of  Terra  Alta,  Preston  County,  W.  Va. 
See  Trans.,  1874. 

*ScoTT,  Thomas,  Jr.  1812.  Of  Upper  Marlboro,  Prince  George 
County,   Md.     See  lists   of   1848,    1853  and    1873. 

*ScoTT,  Thomas  Clagett.  1806.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
December  4,  1784.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  Md. ;  pupil  of 
Dr.  William  Beans,  of  Upper  Marlboro,  and  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1804-05 ;  began  practice  in  Alontgomery  County, 
Md.,  1807;  in  Loudon  County,  Va.,  1809-13;  thence  to  Frederick 
County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1812;  removed  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  1823 ;  Physician  to  the  Penitentiary.  Died  at 
Washington,  D.  C,   September  7,   1837,  of  congestive  chill. 

562 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*ScoTT,  Upton.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Templepatrick,  County  of 
Antrim,  Ireland,  1722.  M.D.,  University  of  Glasgow,  1753;  Sur- 
geon's Mate  to  the  British  Army  in  the  Highlands  and  Flanders, 
1747-53-  serving  under  General  Wolfe;  emigrated  to  Maryland 
with  Governor  Sharpe,  1753;  Sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  County, 
1759;  Secretary  of  Council,  1763-68;  Secretary  of  the  Upper  House 
of  Assembly,  1768-71 ;  Secretary  to  Governor  Eden,  1770;  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  Council  by  Lord  Baltimore,  1763,  on  recom- 
mendation of  Governor  Sharpe  ("Archives  of  Maryland,"  vol.  iv, 
p.  130)  ;  in  this  office  he  succeeded  his  father-in-law,  Mr.  Ross, 
who  had  become  too  old  and  whose  sight  was  failing  (Mr.  Ross 
had  held  it  forty  years  and  had  spent  all  he  had  made)  ;  Visitor 
to  St.  John's  College,  1790;  First  President,  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty,  1799-1801,  resigning  at  the  latter  date;  left  Mary- 
land, being  a  royalist,  1776;  returned  1780.  Died  at  Annapolis, 
February  23,  1814.  (As  to  dates  of  birth  and  death,  see  Penn- 
sylvania Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  January,  1896,  "M." 
Notes  and  Queries.  A  photograph  of  him,  colored,  taken  from  a 
miniature,  in  possession  of  Dr.  C.  Birnie,  also  his  medical  diplotna, 
his  medicine  chest  and  a  letter  to  him  from  Cullen,  are  in  the  hall.) 

Selby,  Walter  O.  1899.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1891.  Of 
Rock  Hall,   Md 

*S£LBY,  William  F.  1805  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1806.  Of  Worcester  County,  Md. ;  later,  of  Alabama.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848.     Newspaper,  July  6,  1809. 

SsLDNER,  Samuel  William.  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  2, 
1851 ;  son  of  Abram  Seldner.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872; 
Visiting  Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital,  1891  ;  Attending  Physician  to 
Home  for  Incurables.     1501   East  Eager  Street,  Baltimore. 

^Sellers,  Henry  D.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825; 
Censor,    Baltimore.     Of    Pittsburg,    Pa.     See   list   of    1848. 

Sellman,  William  Alfred  Belt.  1875.  Born  at  Barnesville,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md.,  June  10,  1850.  Educated  at  Frederick 
Academy  and  St.  Timothy's  Hall,  Catonsville;  pupil  of  Prof.  N. 
R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872;  Clinical  Assistant 
to  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith;  Professor  of  Gynaecology,  Baltimore  Uni- 
versity, 1884-92;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology,  Balti- 
more University,  1892 — ;  Visiting  Physician,  Union  Protestant 
Infirmary.     5  East  Biddle  Street,  Baltimore. 

563 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Semmes,  Benedict  J.  1811.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  1789.  M.D,, 
College  of  Medicine,  Maryland,  1811  ( ?)  ;  Censor,  1818;  Member 
of  House  of  Delegates,  1821-28,  1842-43;  Speaker;  in  Congress,  1829 
and  1851.     Of  Piscataway,  Prince  George  County,  Md.     See  list  of 


I 

*Seth,  William  E.  1801  (?).  "Received  diploma  from  the  Man- 
agers and  Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  as  authorized 
to  practice  medicine.  May  5,  1796;"  practiced  in  Queen  Anne's 
and  Talbot  Counties  until  his  death.  Died  April,  1813.  See  lists 
of  1807  and   1848. 

Sewall,  Thomas  R.  1831.  M.D. ;  v^^as  present  at  meeting  of  1848. 
Of  Baltimore.     See  MS.  Proceedings  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Sexton,  Richard.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1826; 
Censor,  1840.     Of  Delaware ;  later,  of  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

Seymour,  William  Spedden.  1899.  Born  near  Trappe,  Talbot  County, 
Md.,  January  20,  1871.  Educated  at  Trappe  High  School ;  Ph.G., 
Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1892 ;  attended  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  and  University  of  Maryland;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1895 :  Examiner,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany; practices  at  Trappe,   Md. 

*Shaaff,  John  Thomas.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Frederick  County. 
Md.,  1752,  of  German  parentage.  Practiced  at  Annapolis  for  some 
years ;  Treasurer,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1799-1801 ;  Member  of  the  Governor's  Council,  1798-1800;  Visitor 
to  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1802 ;  removed  to  the  District  of 
Columbia;  a  Founder  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  1819 ;  Vice-President,  Columbia  Institute ;  practiced  for 
many  years  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,  and  died  there  May  3,  1819.  (A 
daughter  of  Dr.  Shaaff  married  Bishop  Johns,  of  Virginia.  See 
inscription  on  tombstone  in  Congressional  Cemetery,  Washington, 
D.  C,  where  he  is  spoken  of  as  "Alumnus  of  Edinburgh.") 

*Shane,  Samuel.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1827.  Of 
Baltimore.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Shank,  Abraham.  1892.  Born  in  Franklin  County,  Pa.,  July  23, 
1842.  Educated  at  State  Normal  School  at  Millersville,  Pa. ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1867.     Of  Clear  Spring,  Md. 

564 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Shannon,  George  Conkle.  1893.  Born  at  Muncy,  Lycoming  County, 
Pa.,  February  22,  1864.  Educated  at  High  School;  pupil  of  Drs. 
W.  L.  Russell  and  J.  R.  Uhler ;  M.D.  and  Medalist,  Baltimore  yied- 
ical  College,  1883;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical 
College  and  Baltimore  University.  1442  Presstman  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*Shaw,  John.  1805  (?).  Born  at  Annapolis,  May  4,  177^-  A.B., 
St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  1796;  student  of  Dr.  J.  T.  Shaaff, 
of  Annapolis;  attended  medical  lectures  at  Philadelphia,  1798;  in 
the  same  year  received  appointment  as  Surgeon  in  the  United 
States  Navy;  sailed  for  Algiers,  where,  for  a  year  and  a  half,  he 
held  a  position  partly  medical,  partly  consular;  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1800;  in  1801,  went  to  Edinburgh  to  study;  in 
1803,  went  to  Canada  with  the  Earl  of  Selkirk;  in  1805,  returned 
to  Annapolis  and  began  practice  with  Dr.  Shaaff;  in  1807, 
removed  to  Baltimore  ;  Founder  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Mary- 
land, 1807.  and  Professor  of  Chemistry  there  until  1809;  Treas- 
urer, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1807-09 ;  author  of  "Poems," 
8vo,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  1810.  Died  at  sea,  January  10, 
1809. 

Shaw,  Joseph  F.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1827.  Of  Char- 
lotte Hall,   St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 

Shaw,  W.  R.     1890.     M.D. 

Shearer,  George  L.     1825.     See  list  of  1848. 

Shegog,  William.  1831.  No  doubt  born  in  Ireland.  In  a  letter  he 
says  he  "studied  medicine  at  Dublin  University."  Of  Hickory, 
Harford  County,  1830.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Shertzer,  Abram  Trego.  1874.  Born  in  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  May 
16,  1844.  Educated  at  Grinton  and  Bel  Air  Academies  and  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1863-74;  United  States 
Recruiting  Surgeon.  1872-76;  Staff  Surgeon,  Prussian  Army,  1871- 
72;  author  of  "Trials  and  Triumphs,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1875;  "His- 
tory of  the  Trego  Family,"  8vo,  first  edition,  Baltimore,  1884; 
second  edition,  1898.     25  West  Preston  street,  Baltimore. 

Sherwood,  Mary.  1892.  Born  at  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y.  A.B.,  Vas- 
sar,    1883;    M.D.,   University   of  Zurich,    1890;    Lecturer  on   Path- 

565 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ology,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  1893-96;  Medical 
Director,  Bryn  Mawr  School,  Baltimore,  1894+ ;  Vice-President, 
Medical  and  Chirnrgical  Faculty,  1898-99;  Attending  Physician  to 
Evening  Dispensary  frr  Working  Women  and  Children.  1320 
North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Shields,  Jefferson.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825 ;  Cen- 
sor, 1840.     Of  Frederick  City,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and   1853. 

Shippen,  Charles  Carroll.  1886.  Born  at  Philadelphia,  October  29, 
1856.  A.B.,  Harvard  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1879.     603   North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Shoemaker,  Charles  Raymond.  1892.  Born  at  Shenandoah,  Pa., 
1870.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1891 ; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  1891-92;  on  staff 
of  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  1894+ ;  Examining 
Physician,  Home  Friendly  Society,  Baltimore.  1735  Aisquith 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Shower,  Jacob.  1830.  Born  near  Manchester,  Carroll  County,  Md., 
February  22,  1803 ;  son  of  Col.  Adam  Shower.  Drummer  Boy,  War 
of  1812;  pupil  of  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 

'  land,  1825 ;  began  practice  in  Carroll  County ;  Member  of  State 
Convention,  185 1 ;  Member  of  Maryland  House  of  Delegates,  1837- 
41,  declining  reelection ;  Censor,  1840 ;  Clerk  of  Court,  1841 ;  Mem- 
ber of  Congress,  1854-56;  arrested  by  U.  S.  Provost  Marshal,  1863, 
and  imprisoned  some  months.  Died  at  Manchester,  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  May  25,  1879. 

Shultz,  John  D.     1834.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Shuman,  Frederick  Henry.  1802.  M.D.  Federal  Gazette,  June  25, 
1802. 

*Shuman,  Samuel.  1823.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1816; 
Censor.  Of  Hagerstown,  Washington  County,  Md.  See  list  of 
1848  and  Davidge's  Journal,  1823. 

Shurman,  Francis.  1839.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Baltimore.     See  Treasurer's  book  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*SiM,  Patrick.  1801.  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  July  i,  1803. 
Of  Calvert  County  Md.  Died  October  11,  1806  (Hammersley). 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

566 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*SiM,  Thomas.  1823.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1823.  See  Treasurer's  receipt  and  Trans.,  1857.  (The  Sims 
were  of  Frederick  County.  Dr.  Thomas  Sim,  born  in  1770,  died  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  1832,  was  son  of  Dr.  Jos.  Sim.  Probably  father 
or   relative  of  this   one.) 

Simmons,  Horace  Melville.  1898.  Born  at  West  Bedford,  O., 
June  30,  1854.  Educated  at  the  public  school  at  Deersville,  O., 
Editor  of  the  Silver  Arrow,  monthly,  1873-74;  student  of  his 
father;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881;  practiced  in  Ohio, 
1881-82;  returned  to  Baltimore,  1882;  Manager  of  the  Maryland 
Medical  Journal,  1894 — ;  Publisher,  American  Medicine,  1902 — . 
1708  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Simmons,  Thomas  Warfield.  1875.  Born  at  "Hopeland,"  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  June  16,  1836.  Educated  at  Landon  Military  Acad- 
emy; M.D.,  Jeirerson,  1861 ;  located  at  Hagerstown,  1864;  in- 
vented a  splint  in  1872  for  fractures  of  the  lower  extremity, 
entitled  "Suspenso-Extensory"  (Trans.,  1874)  ;  Health  Officer  of 
Hagerstown,  Md.,  1899;  resides  at  Hagerstown. 

Simon,  Charles  Edmund.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  23, 
1866.  Attended  Gymnasium  in  Germany,  1872-84;  A.B.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1888;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Plospital,  1890-91 ; 
attended  hospitals  of  Paris,  1891-92;  Professor  of  Physiology, 
Histology  and  Clinical  Medicine,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Bal- 
timore. 1894-95 ;  a  Founder  of  the  American  Society  of  Gastro- 
enterology; author  of  "A  Manual  of  Clinical  Diagnosis,"  first  edi- 
tion, 1896;  fourth  edition,  1902;  "Physiologic  Chemistry,"  1901  ; 
Specialist  in  Digestive  and  Nutritional  Diseases.  1302  Madison 
Avenue,    Baltimore. 

Simpers,  Charles  Tilden.  1854.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.  Sur- 
geon, Sixth  Maryland  Regiment,  1861.  Of  Allegany  County,  Md. 
See  Trans.,    1873. 

Singewald,  Edward  M.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  27,  1868.  Edu- 
cated at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1888;  Post-graduate  Course,  University  of  Vienna;  Visiting  Alien- 
ist, Bayview  Asylum,  1893+.  5  North  Washington  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

*SiNN0TT,  John  D.  1811.  A.M.,  St.  Mary's  College;  M.D.  and  Latin 
Medalist,    University    of    Maryland,    1813;    President,    Baltimore 

567 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  Society,  1812;  Surgeon,  Maryland  Battalion,  1822;  Censor 
for  Baltimore,  1822;  marked  dead  in  the  corrected  list  of  Dr. 
Fonerden,  1837.  In  list  of  1848,  "Washington,  D.  C. ;"  marked 
dead. 

SkiEling,  J.  D.  1875.  Born  at  Ashland,  O.,  March  21,  1827.  Edu- 
cated at  Ashland  Academy;  M.D.,  Cleveland  Medical  College, 
1855 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  three  years ;  Member 
of  Pension  Examining  Board  and  Examiner  for  various  insurance 
companies.     Of  Lonaconing,  Md. 

Skilling,  William  Quail.  1888.  Born  at  Ashland,  O.,  October  20, 
1859-  A.B.,  New  Windsor  College,  1880;  A.M.,  1883;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1883;  President,  George's  Creek  Medical 
Association,  Md.,  1899 !  Surgeon,  G.  C.  &  C.  R.  R. ;  Examining 
Physician,  New  York  Mutual  and  other  life  insurance  companies; 
resides  at  Lonaconing,  Md. 

Skinner,  Daniel  H.  1834.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825 ;  was 
present  at  annual  convention  of  1834,  and  special  of  September, 
1848.     Of  Baltimore.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Slemons,  Francis  Marion.  1897.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
August  12,  1839.  A.B.,  Jefferson  College,  1859;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,   1860;  practices  at  Salisbury,  Md. 

*Slemons,  Thomas.  1829.  Born  1803-05.  Pupil  of  Dr.  N.  Potter; 
lived  at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1828;  practiced  and  died  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
Virginia,  1835-36.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  No  descendants 
living. 

*Slifer,  Ezra.     1817.    Of  Boonsboro,  Washington  County,  Md.     See  list 
of  1848. 

Smart,  L.  Gibbons.  1893.  Born  at  North  End,  Matthews  County,  Va., 
August  12,  1862.  Removed  to  Baltimore,  1869;  educated  at  Bal- 
timore City  College;  returned  to  Virginia,  1879,  and  engaged  in 
farming;  pupil  of  Dr.  F.  S.  Beckwith,  of  Petersburg;  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1885 ;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Coal  Mines  of  Elk  County,  Pa.,  1885 ;  Chief  Surgeon, 
Cedar  Run  Tanning  Company,  Tioga  County,  Pa.,  1885-89;  re- 
moved to  Marathon,  N.  Y.,  1889;  Health  Officer  of  Marathon; 
President,    Courtland   County   Medical    Society;    Attending   Physi- 

568 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cian,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary,  1890;  Senior  Assistant 
Physician,  Sheppard  Asylum,  1892-95;  Superintendent,  State  Insti- 
tution for  the  Feeble-minded,  1895-96;  Vice-President,  Baltimore 
Neurological  Society ;  Professor  of  Therapeutics  and  Clinical  Medi- 
cine, Woman's  Medical  College,  1902—.  414  Dreyer  Avenue,  Ro- 
land Parkj  Baltimore. 

*Smith,  Alan  Penniman.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  3,  1840; 
son  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith.  Educated  at  Princeton  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1861  ;  Prosector  of  Anatomy,  University  of 
Maryland;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland, 
1867-68;  Professor  of  Venereal  Diseases,  University  of  Maryland, 
1869;  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1873- 
74;  Trustee  and  Consulting  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
1873-98;  Trustee,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1881-98;  Consulting 
Surgeon.  Hebrew  Hospital;  Surgeon,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital;  Con- 
sulting Surgeon,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital;  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery, Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884;  had  exceptional  success  in 
lithotomy  ("Report  oi  Fifty-two  Successful  Cases  of  Lithotomy," 
1878)  ;  performed  ovariotomy  successfully,  March  28,  1868,  second 
case  in  Maryland.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  18,  1898. 

Smith,  Alan  Welch.  1897.  Born  at  Dunkirk,  Calvert  County,  Md., 
September  13,  L871 ;  son  of  Dr.  John  Smith.  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1895;  Post-graduate  study,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital.  1898;  Throat  Inspector,  Baltimore,  1900—;  Assist- 
ant Resident  Physician,  Quarantine  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1895-98; 
studied  abroad;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Marine  Hospital  Service,  1898- 
1900;  Lecturer  on  Hygiene,  Maryland  Medical  College,  1900 — ;  Sur- 
geon, Maryland  Naval  Reserves,  1901— .  848  West  North  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

Smith,  Algernon  G.  1897.  Born  in  Charles  County,  Md.,  January 
II,  1850.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall  and  St.  John's  College; 
M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1872;  President,  Allegany 
County  Medical  Society  and  Board  of  Election  Supervisors;  prac- 
tices at  Ocean,  Allegany  Count}',  Md. 

*Smith,  Anthony  W.  1818.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
("Va."),   1818.     Of  Baltimore.     See  list  of   1848. 

*Smith,  Berwick  B.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  4,  1826;  son  of  Dr.  N.  R. 
Smith.  A.B.,  Princeton,  1846;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1849; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1852-60.  Died 
at  Baltimore,  March  20,  i860. 

569 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Smith,  Charles  McKnight.  Of  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Va."),  1847;  removed  to  Louisiana; 
resides  at  Franklin,  St.  Mary's  County,  La.  See  lists  of  1848  and 
1853. 

Smith,  C.  Urran.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  14,  1868.  Edu- 
cated at  Baltimore  City  College;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1887;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889;  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  and  Diseases  of  the  Stomach, 
Baltimoi-e  University,  1897-98;  Professor  of  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Stomach,  Maryland  Med- 
ical College,  1898 — .     1928  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Smith,  Charles  E.  1825.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland  ("Pa."), 
1825.     Of  Baltimore.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Smith,  Clement.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1756.  Surgeon  in  Revolution; 
escaped  from  Dartmoor  Prison  (Q.).  Died  in  Queen  Anne, 
Prince   George   County,   Md.,    December    10,    1831. 

Smith^  Daniel  W.  1893.  Born  June  15,  1855.  Educated  at  State  Nor- 
mal School;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  School  Commis- 
sioner of  Baltimore  for  four  years.  206  Third  Avenue,  Woodberry, 
Baltimore. 

Smith,  Edward  Augustus.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  14,  1862. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  A.  C.  Pole;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1891 ; 
Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College; 
later,  Demonstrator  of  Physical  Diagnosis,  later.  Chief  of  Clinic 
in  Dispensary;  Demonstrator  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynaecology, 
1897-99.     1605  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Smith,  Fielder  B.  1892.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1855. 
Whereabouts  unknown ;  not  of  Frederick,  Md. ;  the  name  not  in 
the    Maryland   Directory. 

Smith,  Frank  Robert.  1895.  M.A.,  Cambridge  University,  England, 
1882;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland  ("Md."),  1891 ;  Assistant 
Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891-93 ;  Instructor 
in  Medicine,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1896-1902;  Associate  in 
Medicine,  1902 — ;  head  of  Medical  Clinic,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispen- 
sary.'   1 126  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore. 

Smith,  Franklin  Buchanan.  1892.  Bom  at  Frederick  City,  Md., 
April    10,    1856.     A.B.,    Princeton,    1876;    A.M.,    Princeton,    1879; 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1878;  Health  Officer,  Frederick 
County  and  City;  Physician  and  Surgeon  to  Montrose  Hospital; 
Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads;  Mem- 
ber °of  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  Maryland.  Of  Fi-ederick 
City,  Md. 

^Smith,  Gideon  B.  1843-  Born  in  Maryland,  I793-  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1840;  Editor,  Journal  of  the  American  Silk  Asso- 
ciation, 1839-40;  reported  by  the  Board  of  Examiners  in  1848  as 
meriting  expulsion  for  unprofessional  conduct;  Editor,  American 
Farmer  and  Turf  Register;  a  well-known  entomologist,  at  one 
time  largely  engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  silk  worms;  originator 
of  several  ingenious  inventions;  perhaps  the  highest  authority 
in  the  country  on  seventeen-year  locusts  (Scharf)  ;  moved  to 
Missouri    (Q.).     Died   1867. 

Smith,  PIenry  Lee.  1897.  Born  at  Ashland,  Va.,  March  23,  1868. 
Educated  at  Episcopal  High  School  near  Alexandria,  Va. ;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1894;  Assistant  in  Medicine,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Plospital  Dispensary,  1894-99;  Resident  Physician,  Blue 
Mountain  House,  1896-99;  Resident  Physician,  Hospital  for 
Women  of  Maryland;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children  and  Lec- 
turer on  Bateriology,  Woman's  Medical  College.  "The  St.  Paul," 
Baltimore. 

Smith,  J.  Holmes.  1893.  Born  at  Bel  Air,  Harford  County,  Md., 
March  30,  1857;  great -great-grandson  of  Abraham  Mitchell, 
Founder.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1880;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1888;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1890;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Sur- 
gery, 1891;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bayview  Hospital,  1891-96;  Chairman, 
State  Anatomy  Board,  1892-96;  Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  Maryland,  1896-1902;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1902 — ;  Surgeon,  University  Hospital,  1896 — . 
23  West  Preston  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Smith,  James.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Elkton,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  I77l- 
A.M.,  Dickinson  College,  1792;  pupil  of  Dr.  Rush;  (M.D.?),  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1794  (the  name  is  not  in  the  Catalogue 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania)  ;  a  Founder,  and  Attending 
Physician  of  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1801-07;  Resident 
Physician,  Almshouse,  1800-01 ;  opened  a  Vaccine  Institute,  March 
25,    1802;    State   Vaccine    Agent,    1809-13;    United   States   Vaccine 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Agent,  1813-22;  Editor  of  Vaccine  Inquirer,  1822;  Treasurer, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1811-17;  he  began  vaccination  in 
Baltimore,  May  i,  1801  ;  his  services  entitle  him  to  be  called  "The 
Jenner  of  America."  Died  at  Pikesville,  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
June  12,  1841. 

Smith,    James    M.     1825.     M.D.     (Honorary),    University    of    Mary- 
land,  1856.     Of  Allegany  County,   Md.     Trans.,    1873.      (A  James 
■  McKnight  Smith  paid  license  fee,  1827 — Treasurer's  MS.  book.) 

Smith,  James  W.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Smith,  John.  1801  (?).  Pupil  of  Dr.  John  Archer,  Sr.,  1790-91. 
Of  Bush  River  Neck,  Harford  County,  Md.,  1790-99.  Died  before 
1823.     See   lists   of   1807   and    1848;   marked    dead  in   the   latter. 

*Smith,  John  Derby.  Born  at  Hanover,  N.  H.,  April  9,  1812;  young- 
est son  of  Dr.  Nathan  Smith.  A.B.,  Yale,  1832;  later,  graduated 
from  Andover  Theological  Seminary ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1846;  Assistant  Surgeon  at  Fairfax  Seminary  Hospital,  near 
Alexandria,  Va.,  during  the  Civil  War ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  July  27,  1867 ;  later.  Assistant  Surgeon ;  retired,  1879. 
Died  at  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  April  26,   1884.     See  list  of  1848. 

Smith,  John  H.  1873.  M.D.,  Miami  Medical  College,  Cincinnati, 
1869.     Of  Baltimore.     See  Polk's   Directory,  1886,  and  Trans.,  1873. 

*Smith,  John  H.  M.  1815.  Of  Newmarket,  Frederick  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Smith,  John  Tyler.  1897.  Born  near  Winchester,  Va.,  November 
17,  1844.  Educated  at  Winchester  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  Wm.  S. 
Love;  student,  one  session,  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1877;  Member  of  City  Council,  1895-96;  Assist- 
ant Health  Commissioner,  Baltimore,  1897-99.  717  North  Carrollton 
Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Smith,  Joseph  Sim.  Founder.  1799.  Born  on  his  father's  place 
near  the  Patuxent  River,  Calvert  County,  Md. ;  son  of  Dr.  Clement 
Smith  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Patrick  Sim,  of  Prince  George  County; 
father  of  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Smith,  of  Cumberland.  Surgeon's  Mate, 
Maryland    Line,    until    1780;    was    then    commissioned    Cornet    in 

572 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Armand's  Partisan  Legion,  serving  as  such  until  1782;  after  the 
Revolution,  settled  in  practice  at  Taneytown;  Censor,  1803;  Major 
of  Militia,  1793;  Justice  of  Peace,  1802-07,  1814  and  1819;  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Col.  Thomas  Price,  of  the  Revolution.  Died 
at  Taneytown,  Carroll  County,  Md.,  September  5,  1822. 

Smith,  Joseph  Tait,  Jr.  1876.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  23,  1850 ; 
son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  T.  Smith.  Educated  at  Carey's  School  and 
Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1872;  Lec- 
turer on  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1885-89 ;  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence,  1889-91 ; 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Woman's  Medical 
College  of  Baltimore,  1891-1902;  Dean,  Woman's  Medical  College  of 
Baltimore,  1892-94,  1898-1902;  Associate  Professor  of  Hygiene  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  University  of  Maryland;  Secretary,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1894-95.  loio  Madison  Ave- 
nue, Baltimore. 

*Smith,  Leonard  J.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819; 
Censor,   1819.     Of  Frederick  County,  Md. 

*Smith,  Nathan  Ryno.  1828.  Born  at  Cornish,  N.  H.,  May  21, 
1797;  son  of  Dr.  Nathan  Smith.  A.B.,  Yale,  1817;  Tutor  in  Vir- 
ginia, 1817-19;  M.D.,  Yale,  1823;  began  practice  at  Burlington,  Vt., 
1824;  Founder  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Ver- 
mont, and  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Anatomy  there,  1825  ;  studied 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1825-26;' Professor  of  Anatomy, 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  1825-27;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Uufver- 
sity  of  Maryland,  1827-38;  Lecturer,  University  of  Maryland,  1840- 
41;  Professor,  1841-69;  Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery  and  Surgery 
of  the  Skeleton,  University  of  Maryland,  1869-70;  Emeritus  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery  and  President  of  the  Faculty,  1873-77;  Dean, 
University  of  Maryland,  1828-29  and  1841 ;  Professor  of  the  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  1838-41 ; 
visited  Europe,  1867 ;  LL.D.,  Princeton,  1852 ;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1870-72;  Orator,  1830  and  1846;  President 
of  the  Democratic  State  Convention,  1861  ;  Editor,  Philadelphia 
Monthly  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  1827-28,  i  vol. ;  Bal- 
timore Monthly  Journal,  1830-31,  i  vol. ;  author,  "An  Essay  on  the 
Diseases  of  the  Internal  Ear,"  by  J.  A.  Saissy,  M.D.,  translated  from 
the  French,  "With  a  Supplement  on  Diseases  of  the  External  Ear 
by  the  Translator,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  1829  (the  first  separate  work 
on  diseases  of  the  ear  published  in  America) ;  "Medical  and  Surgical 
Memoirs"  (of  N.  Smith,  his  father),  8vo,  1831 ;  "Surgical  Anatomy 

573 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  the  Arteries,"  with  plates,  4to,  first  edition,  1830;  second  edition, 
1835 ;  "Fractures  of  the  Lower  Extremity  and  the  Use  of  Suspensory- 
Apparatus,"  8vo,  1867 ;  "Legends  of  the  South,"  i2mo,  1869 ;  his 
greatest  inventions  were  his  "anterior  splint"  and  "lithotome." 
"A  great  surgeon,  a  brave  and  true  citizen,  a  magnanimous  gen- 
tleman."    Died  at  Baltimore,  July  3,  1877. 

Smith,  Nathan  Ryno.  1889.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  6,  1863; 
son  of  A.  P.  Smith.  Educated  at  City  College  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University  (course  preparatory  to  medicine)  ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1886;  in  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Union  Protestant  Infirmary.  24  West  Franklin  Street,  Balti- 
more. 

Smith,  Otho  J.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1833.  Of 
Washington  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848,   1853  and   1873. 

Smith,  R.  Percy.  1893.  Born  at  Dunkirk,  Calvert  County,  Md., 
August  24,  1867.  Pupil  of  Dr.  John  S.  Smith;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1891 ;  a  Founder  and  Vice- 
President,  Baltimore  County  Medical  Association;  Lecturer  on 
Hygiene,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1898,  and  now  Associate  in 
Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases.  Of  Sunnybrook,  Baltimore  County, 
Md. 

*Smith,  Samuel  Price.  Born  at  Taneytown,  Md.,  December  21,  1795 ; 
son  of  Dr.  Joseph  Sim  Smith,  Founder.  A  member  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Militia  at  North  Point,  Baltimore,  1814;  pupil  of  Dr.  Colin 
Mackenzie  at  the  Maryland  Hospital,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1817;  settled  in  practice  in  Frederick  County,  1817; 
removed  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  1820;  Member  of  the  Reform  Con- 
vention, 1850,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education  and  active 
in  founding  the  public  school  system ;  President  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  Allegany  County,  Md.,  1867-75 ;  Vice-President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1854-55  and  1856-57;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1878-79;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-64; 
Member  of  the  Maryland  Legislature,  1864-66.  Died  at  Cumber- 
land, March  i,  1882. 

Smith,  Wilber  Gray.  1880.  Born  at  Warm  Springs,  Va.,  May  31, 
1859;  son  of  Rev.  Presley  Bowie  Smith.  Educated  at  Randolph- 
Macon  College,  Virginia  (three  years)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 

574 


JGHX    D.    GODMAN 
1794- 1830. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land,    1880;   practiced   at   Baltimore   for  some   years;   moved   West 
},  and  has  since  practiced  at  Oakland,  Cal. 


*Smith,  Walter  Prescott.  1898.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  16,  1868; 
son  of  Dr.  A.  P.  Smith.  Educated  at  Marston's  School ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1890;  Attending  Physician,  Hospital  for  Con- 
sumptives and  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  1895-1902;  Assistant 
in  Throat  Clinic,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  July  18,  1902. 

Smith,  William  Flood.  1892.  Born  at  Berkeley  Springs,  Va.,  1864. 
Graduated  from  City  College  ($100  prizeman)  ;  A.B.,  Johns  Hop- 
kins, 1886;  Instructor,  McDonogh  School,  1886-87;  M.D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1889;  Lecturer, 
Regional  Anatomy,  Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery;  Assist- 
ant Demonstrator,  later.  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Dermatology,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  resigned,  1899. 
1009  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Smith,  William  Kilty.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1808; 
Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1808-10.  Of 
Baltimore  County,   Md. 

Smith,  William  L.  1896.  Bom  at  Dunkirk,  Calvert  County,  Md.,  De- 
cember 18,  1862.  Educated  at  Maryland  Agricultural  College,  Prince 
George  County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1887;  settled  at  Jarrettsville,  Harford  County,  Md., 
1889,  and  still  resides  there;  President,  Harford  County  Medical 
Association. 

Smith,  William  S.  1892.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  October 
13,  i860.  Educated  at  public  schools  and  business  college;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1883;  First  Assistant,  Maryland  Hospital 
for  Insane,  Spring  Grove,  1884-85;  Physician  to  Police  Depart- 
ment, Baltimore,  1888-98;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women,  Mary- 
land Medical  College,  1898 — .     520  Hanover  Street,  Baltimore. 

Smith,  Zebina.  M.D.  Of  Williamsport,  Md.  See  lists  of  1848, 
1853  and  1873. 

*Smyth,  James.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Chestertown,  Kent  County,  Md., 
1773.    Educated  at  London;  pupil  of  the  Hunters;  leased  the  Mary- 

37  575 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

land  Hospital  with  Dr.  Colin  Mackenzie  and  continued  in  joint 
charge  until  his  death ;  Attending  Physician,  Bahimore  General 
Dispensary,  1805 ;  with  Colin  Mackenzie,  in  1805,  he  reduced  a  dis- 
located humerus  of  nearly  six  months'  standing  {Dorsey's  Surgery). 
Died  at  Baltimore,  January  17,  1819. 

*Snively  Samuel  K.  1899.  M.D.,  Jefferson  ("Pa."),  1869.  Of  Wil- 
liamsport,   Md.     Died  at  Williamsport,  about   1900. 

Snodgrass,  Joseph  E.  1840.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland  ("Va."), 
1836.  Of  Baltimore;  later,  of  District  of  Columbia.  See  lists 
of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

SnowdeNj  Thomas  J.  1832.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832. 
Of  South  River,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  See  Treasurer's 
receipts  and  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Snyder,  Henry  W.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of 
Reisterstown,  Baltimore  County,  Md.  Died  at  White  Post,  Clark 
County,  Va.,   October  22,   1840. 

Snyder,  James  G.  1836.  M.D.,  Transylvania  University,  1830.  Of 
Maryland;  later,  of  Petersburg,  Huntingdon  County,  Pa.  See  list 
of   1848. 

*Snyder,  John  C,  Jr.  1817  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1817.     Of  Maryland.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Snyder,  Peter.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823 ;  Examiner,  1829. 
Of  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore  during  meeting  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical   Faculty.     See  list  of    1848. 

Somers,  Jacob  Fletcher.  1891.  Born  at  Crisfield,  Md.,  August  9,  1859. 
son  of  Michael  Somers.  A.B.,  Western  Maryland  College,  1881; 
A.M.,  Western  Maryland  College,  1883 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1885 ;  has  been  engaged  since  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and 
pharmacy  at  Crisfield,   Somerset  County,  Md. 

*Somerville,  William.  1801  (?).  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md., 
1762.  Practiced  many  years  in  Calvert  County;  then  removed  to 
Baltimore  City,  where  he  died,  February  18,  1816. 

*Sothoron,  William.     1808.     See  Medical  and  Physical  Recorder. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*SoTHORON,  William  H.  Of  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md. 
Died  at  Washington,  September  2^,  1897.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Spalding,  Andrew  J.  1853.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1849;  practiced  at  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  Died 
there  October  5,  1897.     See  Trans.,  1873. 

*Sparks,  Edward.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824;  Dele- 
gate from  Anne  Arundel  County  to  American  Medical  Association, 
1847.     Of  Annapolis,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Sparrow,  John.  1808.  Of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

*Speake,  Rufus  Holmead.  1831-32.  Born  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  April 
17,  1807.  Graduated  from  Georgetown  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  War- 
field,  of  Georgetown;  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1829;  practiced  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  1829-49;  later, 
at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  retired,  1863 ;  in  the  Government  employ, 
1863-67.  Died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  September,  1867.  See  lists 
of  1848  and   1853. 

Speake,  Samuel  H.  1898.  Born  at  Riverside,  Charles  County,  Md., 
1850.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1885;  public  school 
teacher  in  Maryland  for  three  years ;  in  the  office,  hospital,  and 
drug  store  with  Dr.  H.  S.  Orme,  Los  Angeles,  Gal.,  for  three 
years;  Medical  Examiner,  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company  and 
Mutual  Reserve  Life,  of  New  York;  resides  at  Nanjemoy, 
Charles  County,  Md.     P.  C,  Grayton. 

Spear,  James  M.  1890.  Born  at  New  Vienna,  O.,  February  4,  1843. 
M.D.,  Miami  Medical  College,  Ohio,  1869;  Resident  Physician, 
St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Cincinnati ;  Physician  to  Sylvan  Retreat 
Asylum  for  the  Insane.  Cumberland,  Md. ;  on  the  Pension  Board 
for  ten  years;  President,  Tri-State  Medical  Association,  1899; 
resides  at  Cumberland,  Md.  (The  third  physician  in  the  United 
States  to  perform  pylorectomy;  has  been  very  successful  in  gun- 
shot wounds  of  the  intestines,  in  one  case  where  there  were  tliir- 
teen  perforations.) 

*Spence,  John  S.  Censor.  Of  Worcester  Coimty,  Md.,  1826.  Ameri- 
can Medical  Recorder. 

577 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Spencer,  Samuel  W.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828.  Of 
Easton,  Talbot  County,  Md.     See  Archives  and  list  of  1848. 

*Spicer,  Hiram  Louis.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  March  24,  1840;  son 
of  Hiram  Paul  Spicer.  Educated  at  St.  Charles  College  and  Loyola 
College ;  pupil  of  Dr.  Dunbar ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  i860 ; 
Coroner,  1870;  School  Commissioner;  Vaccine  Physician,  1873; 
Member  of  City  Council,  1886;  Assistant  Health  Commissioner, 
1891-94;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Washington  University; 
Medical  Examiner,  Catholic  Benevolent  Legion,  fourteen  years. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  February  12,   1898. 

Spicknall,  John  Thomas.  1886.  Born  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  October  24, 
1848;  son  of  Richard  Spicknall.  M.D.,  Louisville  Medical  College, 
1876.      14   North    Patterson   Park  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

*Spidden,  Edward.  1813.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1814; 
Censor,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1840.  Of  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  later, 
of  Missouri.     See  list  of   1848. 

*Springer,  Thomas.  1821.  Of  Middletown,  Frederick  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Sproston,  George  Saxon.  1811.  M.D.,  Harvard,  1817;  practiced  a 
short  time  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md. ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  November  8,  1813;  Surgeon,  March  27,  1818;  later,  Fleet 
Surgeon  and  Member  of  Naval  Board.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January 
27,   1842.     See  list  of  1848. 

Stabler,  Augustus.  1899.  Bo-rn  at  "Roslyn  Farm,"  Brighton,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md.,  August  25,  1858.  Educated  at  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1876-78;  Assistant  Librarian,  United  States  Patent 
Office,  1880-83;  M.D.,  Howard  University,  1883;  Resident  Phy- 
sician, German  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  1883-84;  practiced  at  Law- 
rence, Mass.,  1884-88;  removed  to  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  1888; 
a  Founder  of  Physicians'  Social  Club,  Sandy  Spring;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Maryland  Public  Health  Association,  1898;  resides  at 
Brighton,  Montgomery  County,  Md.  A  successful  farmer  and  phy- 
sician. 

^Stafford,  John.  1823  (?).  Born  in  1801.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,   1823.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  24,  1829. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Staley,  George  Lewis^  Jr.  1899.  Born  at  Mount  Washington,  Md., 
1857;  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  G.  L.  Staley.  Educated  at  Mercersburg 
College  and  Franklin  and  Marshall  College;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  E. 
Clagett;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1878 ;  practiced  several  years  in  Frederick  County ;  from  1884  at 
Baltimore.    Died  at  Baltimore,  September  9,  1901. 

*Staley,  Henry.  Of  Boonsboro,  Washington  County,  Md.  In  list 
of  1848  marked  dead. 

Stansbury,  John  E.  1899.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1895.     Of  Forestville,  Prince  George  County,  Md. 

*Starr,  Hezekiah.  1836.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1816.  Educated  at 
Abingdon  Academy,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1836; 
Resident  Physician,  Maryland  Hospital,  1840-41;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1840-41 ;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Methodist  Home  for  the  Aged,  1882-92.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
October  23,  1898. 

Starr,  Moses  Allen.  Honorary.  1895.  Born  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
•  May  16,  1854.  A.B.,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  Princeton;  M.D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York,  1880;  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  New  York;  Consulting  Neurologist  to  the  Presby- 
terian, Orthopaedic,  St.  Vincent's  and  St.  Mary's  Hospitals  and  the 
New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary ;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1895 ;  author  of  "Familiar  Forms  of  Nervous  Disease," 
"Brain  Surgery,"   "Atlas  of  Nerve  Cells;"   resides  at  New  York. 

Steeves,  J.  W.     1898.    M.D.    Of  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 

*Steiner,  Lewis  Henry.  1855.  Born  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  May  4, 
1827.  A.B.,  Marshall  College,  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  1846;  A.M.,  Mar- 
shall College,  1849;  A.M.  (ad  eund.),  St.  James  College,  1854,  and 
Yale,  1869;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1849;  practiced  at 
Frederick,  1849-52 ;  at  Baltimore,  1852-61 ;  again  at  Frederick,  1861 ; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1853 ;  Lecturer  at  the  Maryland  Medical  In- 
stitute, 1852-55 ;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1856-61,  1864-65 ;  Lecturer  on  Applied  Chemistry,  Mary- 
land Institute ;  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural  History,  Colum- 
bian College,  Washington ;  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Pharmacy, 
National  Medical  College,  Washington ;  Lecturer  on  Chemistry  and 
Physics,  College  of  St.  James,  Hagerstown,  Md.;  Orator,  Medical 

579 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Chinirgical  Faculty,  1856  and  1874;  Vice-President,  American 
Public  Health  Association,  1876-77;  President,  American  Academy 
of  Medicine,  1879;  President  of  the  School  Board,  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  1865-68;  Member  of  the  Senate  of  Maryland,  1871-83; 
Chief  Inspector,  United  States  Sanitary  Commission,  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  during  the  Civil  War;  Librarian,  Enoch  Pratt  Library, 
Baltimore,  1884-92;  Assistant  Editor,  American  Medical  Monthly, 
New  York,  1861 ;  Translator  of  "Wills'  Chemical  Analysis."  Died 
at  Baltimore,  February  18,  1892. 

Steinhoffer,  Christian.     1856.     Of  Baltimore. 

Stelle,  Clifford  M.  1893.  M.D.,  University  of  New  York,  1875.  Of 
Cordova,  Talbot  County,  Md. 

^Stephen  Robert.  1805  (?).  Censor  in  first  decade.  Of  Caroline 
County.    American. 

^Stephens,  William  T.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826. 
Of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Marjdand.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Sterling^  Robert  H.  Born  at  Baltimore ;  son  of  Archibald  Sterling, 
Sr.  A.B.,  Princeton,' 1856;  A.M.,  1859;  Resident  Physician,  Alms- 
house, sixteen  months ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1859  '>  began 
practice,  Baltimore,  i860 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862- 
65;  resumed  practice  at  Baltimore,  1866;  retired  on  account  of 
health,  1876;  "on  the  road"  ever  since.    "The  Waldorf,"  Baltimore. 

Steuart.CiiCilius  C.  1892.  Born  at  Patuxent  Forge,  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  July  29,  i860.  Educated  at  Carey's  School  and 
Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1882; 
Assistant  Physician,  Harlem  Lodge  for  the  Insane  and  Inebriates, 
Catonsville,  1882-84;  Physician  in  Charge,  1884-85;  Physician  in 
Charge,  Melvale  Asylum  for  the  Insane  and  Inebriates,  1885-87; 
settled  to  practice  at  Baltimore,  1889.  122  West  Twenty-third 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*Steuart,  James.  1801  (?).  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  1755.  Edu- 
cated in  Scotland;  M.D.,  Edinburgh,  1779  (Thesis,  "De  Spasmo")  , 
practiced  at  Annapolis;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1780;  Commissioner 
of  Health,  Baltimore,  1805 ;  President,  Vaccine  Society  of  Balti- 
more, 1812  and  1822;  Justice  of  Peace,  1816;  retired  from  practice, 
1805  ;  Trustee,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.     Died  in  1845. 

580 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Steuaet,  James  A.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  3,  1828;  son  of  Dr.  R.  S. 
Steuart.  A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1850;  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispensary;  Assist- 
ant Medical  Superintendent,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
1855-61;  Vaccine  Physician,  1851-57;  a  Founder  and  President  of 
the  Epidemiological  Society  of  Baltimore,  1873^74;  Secretary,  Mary- 
land Board  of  Plealth ;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1874-75,  1876-77,  1879-80;  President,  Baltimore  Pathologi- 
cal Society,  1874-75 ;  President  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  1883 ;  Commissioner  of  Health  of  Balti- 
more for  many  years.     161 1  John  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Steuart,  James  V.  1801  (?).  Garrison  Surgeon's  Mate,  1807;  Sur- 
geon's Mate,  1809;  Lieutenant,  Artillery,  1811.  Of  Princess  Anne, 
Somerset  County,  Md.  Died  at  Fort  Penn,  December,  1812  (Q.). 
See  lists  of  1807  and   1848. 

*Steuart,  Richard  Sprigg.  1822.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  i, 
1797;  son  of  Dr.  James  Steuart.  Aide-de-Camp,  Battle  of  North 
Point,  1814;  educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  pupil  in 
law  under  General  Winder;  pupil  in  medicine  under  Dr.  William 
Donaldson;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822;  Professor  of  the 
Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of  Maryland,  1843  (but  never 
lectured)  ;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1848-49  and  1850-51;  Orator,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1829; 
Vice-President,  American  Medical  Association,  1849;  President, 
Alumni  Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1874  and  1876; 
Superintendent,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  1828-42  and 
1869-76;  Founder  of  the  same;  devoted  his  life  and  means  to  the 
relief  of  the  insane.  An  enlightened  physician  and  alienist  and  a 
gentleman  of  most  courteous  manners.       Died  July  13,  1876. 

Stevens,  James  A.  1891.  Born  in  Nova  Scotia,  1852.  Studied  medi- 
cine at  Boston  and  Philadelphia;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1882;  settled  in 
practice  in  Florida;  removed  to  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1880;  practices 
at  Oxford,  Md. 

*Stevens,  Robert.  1801  (?).  Of  Denton,  Caroline  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Stevenson,  Cosmo  Gordon.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1785.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1803;  Surgeon's  Mate,  Twenty-seventh 
Regiment,  State  Militia,  1810;  Member  of  City  Council,  1825.  An 
eminent  pliysician  and  preceptor  of  Drs.  John  Buckler  and  Monkur. 
Died  at  Baltimore  without  issue,  1825.     See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

581 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Stevenson,  H.  Burton.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  December  24,  1869; 
son  of  Dr.  John  M.  Stevenson  and  grandson  of  Dr.  James  S.  Stev- 
enson. M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892 ;  Chief  of  GynEecological 
Clinic,  Woman's  Medical  College ;  President,  Baltimore  County 
Medical  Association ;  Ex-Health  Officer  of  Baltimore  County ;  Dem- 
onstrator of  Obstetrics  at  Baltimore  Medical  College.  Of  Rider 
P.   O.,  Baltimore  County,   Md. 

*Stevenson,  Henry.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Londonderry,  Ireland, 
1721.  Educated  at  Oxford,  England;  the  exact  year  of  his  coming 
to  Baltimore  is  not  known;  his  brother  John,  also  a  physician, 
came  to  Baltimore  in  or  about  174S,  but  vvrhether  Henry  accom- 
panied him  or  came  later  is  not  certain;  in  1756  he  erected  a 
stone  mansion  house,  "Parnassus,"  just  north  of  the  site  of  the 
present  city  jail ;  here  he  maintained,  at  his  ov/n  expense,  an 
inoculating  hospital,  1765-76,  and  after  the  Revolution,  1786-1800; 
on  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  he  espoused  the  royal  cause 
and  left  Baltimore  on  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  Surgeon 
in  the  British  Navy,  1776-86;  returned  to  Baltimore,  1786,  and 
continued  to  practice  here  until  his  death.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
March  31,   18 14. 

*Steven.son,  James  S.  1843.  Born  in  Kentucky,  1815.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1841 ;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1842 ;  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1853.  Died  at  Baltimore,  August  2,  1882.  See  lists  of 
1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Stevenson,  John  M.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1842.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1862 ;  Surgeon,  Third  Infantry  and  Third  Cav- 
alry, U.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  wounded  at  Gettysburg.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
March  6,   1879. 

Stevenson,  S.     Of  Baltimore.     See  Trans.,  1856. 

Stewart,  Alexander.  1831.  M.D.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853.  (Hammersley  has  this:  "Stewart,  Alex- 
ander, born  ;  appointed  from  Maryland  Major,  Twenty-sixth 

Infantry,  March  25,  1813 ;  transferred  to  the  Fifth  Infantry,  Octo- 
ber — ,  1814 ;  disbanded,  June  15,  1815 ;  Second  Lieutenant,  Corps 
of  Artillery,  December  4,  1819;  transferred  to  Third  Artillery, 
June  I,  1821 ;  resigned,  June  i,  1822.") 

*Stewart,  David.  1844.  Born  at  Port  Penn,  Del.,  February  14,  1813; 
son  of  Dr.  David  Stewart.     Educated  at  Newcastle  Academy,  Del. ; 

582 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

settled  at  Baltimore,  about  1831 ;  Member  of  Baltimore  City  Council, 
1835-37;  School  Commissioner  of  Baltimore,  1836;  Inspector  of 
Drug's  for  Port  of  Baltimore ;  Ruling  Elder,  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  Baltimore,  1838;  Member  of  the  State  Senate,  1840;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1844;  a  Founder  and  Lecturer,  Maryland 
Medical  Institute,  1847 ;  Chemist  to  State  Agricultural  Society ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  and  Natural  Philosophy,  and  Vice-President,  St. 
John's  College,  Annapolis,  1855-62 ;  a  Founder  of  the  Maryland 
College  of  Pharmacy,  1840;  Lecturer  on  Pharmacy,  University  of 
Maryland,  1844-47;  removed  to  Port  Penn,  Newcastle  County,  Del, 
1862,  where  he  died  September  2,  1899.  "Of  the  olden  school ; 
stern  yet  gentle  as  a  woman  and  courteous  as  a  Chesterfield;  a 
brilliant  conversationalist  with  whom  no  one  ever  conversed  with- 
out profit  and  his  tongue  was  always  clean."  It  was  on  his  motion 
that  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  imported  the  first  glyce- 
rine used  in  Maryland  and  distributed  it  gratuitously  among  its 
members ;  also  that  this  Society  was  the  first  in  America  (June  8, 
1855,)  to  propose  the  substitution  of  the  decimal  weights  and 
measures  for  those  then  in  use.  See  Journal  and  Trans.,  Mary- 
land College  of  Pharmacy,  i860. 

*Stewart,  James.  181  i.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  181 1. 
Of  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  M.d.  In  list  of  1848  marked 
dead. 

Stier,  Jay  Hugh.  1894.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886.  Of 
Ferryman's,   Md. 

*Stinnecke,  Henry  A.  1822.  Only  son  of  Charles  F.  Stinnecke, 
M.D.,  Jena,  Germany,  who  moved  to  Baltimore  from  Carlisle, 
Pa.,  1799,  and  died  of  yellow  fever,  July,  1800  (see  Baltimore 
newspaper).  Said  to  have  graduated  in  medicine  and  received 
an  appointment  in  the  United  States  Army  as  Assistant  Surgeon, 
1842.  Died  at  Baltimore,  December  21,  1855.  See  list  of  1848. 
(The  widow  of  the  elder  Stinnecke  married  Dr.  George  A. 
Dunkel,  of  Baltimore.) 

Stirling,  William  Millard.  1897.  Educated  at  Stewartstown  (Pa.) 
Institute;  attended  University  of  Maryland,  1891-94;  M.D.,  Bal- 
timore Medical  College,   1895.     Of  Shane,  Baltimore  County,  Md. 

*Stockett,  John  Shaaff.  181  i.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
November  27,  1788.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College ;  pupil  of  Dr. 
J.  T.  Shaaff,  Annapolis ;  later,  of  Dr.  B.  Rush   (but  for  this  last, 

583 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

would  say  he  might  have  been  among  the  ten  M.D.'s  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1811)  ;  practiced  at  Baltimore; 
later,  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. ;  said  to  have  been  a  phy- 
sician of  great  skill  and  large  practice.  Died  in  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  May  7,  1825.     No  issue. 

*Stockett,  Richard  Galen.  i8oi(?).  Born  in  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  February  7,  1776.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College; 
pupil  of  Dr.  Rush;  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1797-9S; 
settled  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. ;  Surgeon  in  the  War  of 
1812,  at  Baltimore;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of  Maryland, 
1826;  gradually  gave  up  practice  for  agriculture.  Died  in  Howard 
County,  Md.,  February  27,  1861. 

*Stockett,  Thomas  Noble.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Annapolis 
(as  below),  July  12,  1747.  In  the  Revolution  first  served  in  Col. 
Thomas  Ewing's  Battalion,  date  of  commission,  September  26,  — ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Col.  William  Richardson's  Battalion,  of  Fly- 
ing Camp,  1776;  later,  of  General  Smallwood's  Command;  health 
impaired  at  Valley  Forge,  and  he  returned  home;  later,  employed 
in  recruiting  camp ;  settled  after  the  War  near  Annapolis  and  had 
a  large  practice.  A  practitioner  of  note.  Died  at  "Locust 
Grove,"   South  River,  Anne  Arundel   County,  Md.,  May  16,   1S02. 

Stokes,  James  Ernest.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1868.  A.B.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1890;  M,.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892; 
Resident  Physician,  Hospital  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  1892-93; 
Resident  Physician,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Gynaecologist,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1893-98;  Resident 
Gynaecologist,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1898-99;  practices  at  Salis- 
bury, N.  C. 

*Stokes,  William  H.  1834.  Born  at  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.,  January 
21,  1812.  A.B.,  Yale  College,  1831 ;  M.A.,  Yale,  1845 ;  Pupil  of 
Drs.  William  Donaldson  and  R.  S.  Steuart;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1834;  Resident  Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  1834-35;  practiced  at  Mobile,  Ala.,  1835-40;  Surgeon, 
Marine  Hospital,  Mobile,  1837-40;  after  visiting  Europe,  1841-42, 
settled  at  Baltimore ;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  etc..  University  of 
Maryland,  1845-46;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Washington  Univer- 
sity, Baltimore,  1846-50;  Visiting  Physician,  Mount  Hope  Retreat, 
Baltimore,  1843-87.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  7,  1893. 

Stokes,  William  Royal.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  21,  1870; 
grandson    of   last-named.      Educated    at    Deichmann's    Gymnasium 

584 


MEaDlCAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

School ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1891 ;  special  student  at  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University  and  Hospital,  1892 ;  Assistant  in  the 
Medical  Clinic,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary,  1892;  Demon- 
strator of  Anatomy,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1891-93 ; 
Assistant  Resident  Pathologist,  Boston  City  Hospital,  1893-95 ; 
Assistant  Instructor,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1895-96;  Bacteriolo- 
gist, Health  Department  of  Baltimore,  1896 — ;  Lecturer  on  Bacteri- 
ologj'-,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1896-98;  Associate  Professor  of 
Histology  and  Pathology,  University  of  Maryland,  1898-1900;  Pro- 
fessor of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1900 — .     1639  North  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

Stone,  Daniel  Edwin.  1899.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1864. 
Of  Mount  Pleasant,  Frederick  County,   Md. 

*Stone,  Joseph.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Tabbs  at  White  Plains ;  Censor,  1819 
{American  Medical  Recorder)  and  1831  {American  Journal  of 
Medical  Sciences)  ;  married  three  times,  his  first  wife  being  Miss 
Tabbs — left  a  son  and  daughter  by  each  wife.  Of  Clement's  Bay, 
St.  Mary's  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1829,   1848  and  1853. 

Stonestreet,  Edward  E.  1899.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852. 
Of  Rockville,  Md. 

*Stonestreet,  Henry.  181  i.  Born  near  Glymont,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  September  18,  1776;  son  of  Nicholas 
Stottiestreet,  and  brother  of  Col.  Nicholas  Stonestreet,  Attorney  at 
Law.  Said  to  have  "graduated  from  the  Medical  College  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  time  of  Rush"  (name  not  in  Catalogue)  ;  probably 
M.D.,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland,  1811 ;  practiced  first  in 
Prince  George  County,  Md. ;  later,  in  Charles  County  (Bryan- 
town),  Md ;  married  Elizabeth  Boarman.  Died  in  middle  life. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Stonestreet,  James.  1801.  Of  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland. 
See  Treasurer's  book. 

Stonestreet,  Joseph  Harris.  1892.  Born  near  Port  Tobacco,  Charles 
Countj',  Md.,  August  17,  1862;  son  of  Benjamin  G.  Stonestreet. 
A.B.,  Maryland  Agricultural  College,  1882 ;  M.D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1885 ;  Surgeon  to  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad  at  Barnesville,  Montgomery  County,  Md. 

*Story,  Asa.  1819.  M.D.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

585 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Straughn,  William  David.  1899.  Born  at  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  September 
17,  1863;  son  of  David  H.  Straughn.  A.M.,  Washington  College, 
Chestertown,  Md. ;  taught  several  years  in  the  public  schools ;  M.D., 
Jefferson,  1890;  practiced  for  three  years  at  Fairton,  Cumberland 
County,  N.  J. ;  moved  to  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  1893,  where  he  has  prac- 
ticed ever  since;  Treasurer  and  Examiner  of  Worcester  County 
Public  Schools,  1898-1900;   Physician  to  the  Poor,   1898 — . 

Streett,  David.  1886.  Born  at  Chrome  Hill,  Harford  County,  Md., 
October  17,  1855.  Educated  at  Bethel  Academy;  A.M.  (Honor- 
ary), Loyola  College,  Baltimore,  1895;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1878;  Resident  Physician,  Maternite, 
1878-79;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1879-80;  Member  of  the 
First  Branch  of  the  City  Council,  Baltimore,  1883-85 ;  Professor 
of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1885 — ; 
Dean,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888 — -;  President,  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society,  1891-92;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1891-92, 
1899- 1900.     712  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Stubbs,  Jeremiah  B.  1827.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jefferson, 
1827.     See  list  of  1848. 

Stump,  George  Mitchell.  1898.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1873.     Of  Perryville,   Cecil   County,   Md. 

*Sturgis  (or  Sturges),  Samuel.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and 
1848 ;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

SuDLER^  Arthur  Emory.  1899.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1859 ;  began  practice 
at  Sudlersville,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  where  he  has  ever  since 
resided;  health  failed  and  abandoned  practice  in  1880,  devoting 
himself  since  that  to  agriculture. 

*SuLLivAN,  James.  Founder.  1799.  Bern  near  East  Newmarket, 
Dorchester  County,  Md.,  March  30,  1737;  of  Irish  descent.  Mar- 
ried Mary  Ennalls,  a  widow.  Died  in  Dorchester  County,  July  3, 
1803. 

*SuLLivAN,  James  Bennett.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  1773. 
Died  in  Dorchester  County,   Md.,    1818. 

*SuLLivAN,  John  McKew.  About  1872.  Born  in  County  Kerry,  Ire- 
land,   1828.     Emigrated   to   America   in    youth,    studying  medicine 

586 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  Boston ;  came  to  Baltimore  in  1853 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1861 ;  said  to  have  been  "Surgeon,  U.  S.  N. ;"  Vaccine  Phy- 
sician, 1870-81.     Died  at  Baltimore,  April  27,  1881. 

^Summers,  Reuben.  1828.  Bo^rn  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  1801. 
Pupil  of  Dr.  Wilson,  of  Montgomery  County;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1824;  practiced  at  Rockville ;  removed  to  Martinsburg, 
1849.     Died  at  Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  December  29,   1866. 

*SuTER,  Alexander  F.  1832.  Born  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
M.D.,  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  located  for  a  time 
in  one  of  the  upper  counties ;  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  March  27,  1835.  Died 
December  17,    1847.     See  list  of  1848. 

Swain,  Thomas.     See  list  of  1848. 

*SwEARiNGEN,  Charles  V.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1825  ("Md.").  Died  of  violence,  at  Cumberland,  1833  (Q-)-  In 
list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*SwoPE,  John.  1821.  Born  at  Taneytown,  Carroll  County,  Md., 
August  16,  1797;  of  German  extraction,  his  father  being  Henry 
Swope.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Smith ;  M.B.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1821 ;  Censor,  1840;  Member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con- 
vention during  the  War;  practiced  at  Taneytown,  Md.  Died  at 
Taneytown,    September,   1870.     See  lists   of   1848  and   1853. 

*SwoPE,  Samuel.  1830.  Born  at  Taneytown,  Md.,  November  21,  1806. 
Pupil  of  his  brother  (John  Swope)  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1830;  located  at  Taneytown,  where  he  practiced  about  fifty  years, 
accumulating  quite  a  large  fortune;  his  residence  at  the  edge  of 
the  town  was  calkd  "Locust  Grove."     Died  at  Taneytown,    1897. 

*Sykes,  James.  1824.  Born  at  Dover,  Del.,  1761.  Pupil  of  Dr. 
Clayton;  graduated  (?)  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
settled  at  Cambridge,  Md. ;  after  two  or  three  years,  removed  to 
Dover,  Del. ;  a  few  years  before  his  death  he  retired  and  removed 
to  New  York;  after  five  years'  absence,  resumed  practice  at 
Dover;  President,  Delaware  Medical  Society.  Died  at  Dover, 
September,  1822.  (Dr.  James  Sykes  of  the  Eastern  Shore  is 
recorded  as  being  appointed  Examiner  for  the  Eastern  Shore  in 
1833 — MS.  Report  of  Convention.) 

587 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Tabbs,  Barton.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Great  Mills,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  1757.  Assistant  Surgeon  of  seven  independent  com- 
panies, Maryland  Line,  1776;  served  until  1783;  then  settled  for 
practice  in  St.  Mary's  County;  Associate  Judge.  "He  had  an 
inordinate  fear  of  lightning  and  would  walk  around  his  yard  and 
watch  the  movements  of  the  clouds  and  hail  his  man  Friday 
every  few  minutes  to  ask  if  he  thought  a  certain  cloud  would 
'come  up'  or  'pass  around'"  (E.  J.  C).  His  daughters  married 
Dr.  Joseph  Stone,  of  St.  Mary's  County,  and  Dr.  McWilliams,  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  Dr.  James  Thomas  (the  first  Governor  of  the 
name)  was  his  pupil.  Died  in  St.  Mary's  County,  October  13 
(30,  Toner),   1818. 

*Tabbs,  Benjamin.  1801  (?).  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md., 
1781 ;  so«  of  Barton  Tabbs.  Died  at  Great  Mills,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  December  31,  1813.     See  list  of  1807. 

Tagart,  Samuel.     See  list  of  1848. 

■^TalLj  Reuben  James  Hooper.  1802.  Born  in  Dorchester  County, 
Md.,  July  9,  1844.  Educated  at  High  School,  Philadelphia;  pupil 
of  Drs.  N.  R.  Smith  and  S.  D.  Gross ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1865 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1865-66.  Died  at  Baltimore,  May  12, 
1902. 

*Taney,  Augustine.  1821.  Born  in  1797  (Q.).  Pupil  of  Dr.  Swope, 
of  Taneytown ;  M.B.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ;  Censor,  1822, 
1826.  Of  Baltimore  County,  Md.  Died  in  1853  (Q.).  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

Taneyhill,  George  Lane.  1866.  Born  at  Bellefonte,  Center  County, 
Pa.,  March  11,  1840.  A.B.,  Dickinson  Seminary,  Pa.,  1858;  A.M., 
Dickinson  College,  1882;  taught  school  until  1863;  pupil  of  Dr. 
John  F.  Petherbridge,  of  Calvert  Countj^,  Md.,  and  Professor 
McSherry;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1865;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, Eleventh  Maryland  Regiment;  Assistant  Physician,  Mary- 
land Hospital  for  the  Insane,  1865-68;  President,  Baltimore  Med- 
ical Association,  1874-75 ;  School  Commissioner  of  the  Twelfth 
Ward ;  on  the  Pension  Examining  Board ;  Vice-President,  Balti- 
more Obstetrical  and  Gynaecological  Society;  Physician  to  St. 
Andrew's  Society;  a  Founder  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of 
Sciences ;  Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1882-94.     1 103    Madison  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

588 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Tannar.  Joseph.  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and 
1873. 

*Tarlton,  John.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead 
in  the  latter. 

Tatem,  William  A.  1830.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("New 
Jersey"),  1823.    Of  Denton,  Caroline  County,  Md.     Archives. 

*Taylor,  D.  Censor,  1826.  Of  Baltimore.  American  Medical  Re- 
corder,  1826. 

*Taylor.  George.  1853.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1851 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1856;  later.  Sur- 
geon.    Died  at  Galveston,  Tex.,  1867,  of  yellow  fever. 

Taylor,  George  F.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  17,  i8S5-  Edu- 
cated at  Knapp's  Institute;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1878;  Clinical  Assistant  in  Throat  and  Chest 
Department,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1878-80;  Vac- 
cine Physician;  Kxaminer  of  Manhattan  Life  Insurance  Company. 
1254  North  Broadway,  Baltimore. 

*Taylor,  J.  B.  1812.  Surgeon's  Mate,  Fifth  Regiment,  Maryland 
Militia,  1814;  Vaccine  Physician,  1822;  Physician,  Baltimore  Gen- 
eral Dispensary,  1823-25.  Of  Baltimore.  See  list  of  1829.  (Quinan 
has  a  "James  Brainerd  Taylor,"  died  1829.) 

*Taylor,  James  M.  1801.  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  N.,  August,  1805 ; 
resigned,  September  27,  1807  (Hammersley).  Of  Calvert  County, 
Md.  Died  near  Port  Republic.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848; 
marked   dead  in   the  latter. 

Taylor,  John  B.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Va."),  1844-  Of 
Tallahassee,  Fla.     See  list  of  1848. 

Taylor,  Leslie  G.  1898.  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1895. 
Of  Perryville,  Cecil  County,  Md. 

*Taylor,  Octavius.  M.D.  Of  Calvert  County,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*Taylor,  Parran.  1813.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania  ("Del."), 
1812.  Of  Church  Hill,  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  Died  in  1832 
(Q.).     In  list  ol   1848  marked   dead. 

589 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Taylor,  Robert  Tunstall.  1895.  Born  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  January  16, 
1867;  son  of  Robertson  Taylor.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1889;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1891 ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary,  1891-94;  Dispensary  Assistant,  Chil- 
dren's Hospital,  Boston,  and  New  York  Orthopaedic  Hospital, 
1894-95 ;  Foundei",  1896,  and  Surgeon  to  the  Hospital  for  the  Relief 
of  Crippled  and  Deformed  Children,  Baltimore,  1896 — ;  Clinical 
Professor  of  Orthopsedic  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Bal- 
timore, 1895-97 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Orthopaedic  Surgery,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1900 — .     2000  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Taylor,  Simon  T.  1830.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

Taylor,  William  Franklin.  1898.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md., 
1855.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  practices  at  Laurel, 
Md. 

*Teackle,  John  Upshur.  1829.  Born  in  Virginia.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,   1827.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Teackle,  St.  George  Williamson.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October 
7,  1849  j  son  of  St.  George  W.  Teackle.  Educated  at  Carey's  School 
and  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870; 
House  Physician,  Charity  Hospital,  Blackv^^ell's  Island,  N.  Y. ;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  New  York  Penitentiary,  Almshouse  and  Work- 
house, Blackwell's  Island,  N.  Y. ;  Physician  to-  Baltimore  General 
-  Dispensary,  1872-76;  Visiting  Physician  to  Bayview  Asylum,  1879- 
80;  State  Vaccine  Argent  of  Maryland,  1882-97.  Died  near  Govans- 
town,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  August  30,  1902,  suddenly  of  angina 
pectoris. 

*Temple  Thomas  Price.  1881.  Born  in  Hanover  County,  Va.,  1830; 
son  of  T.  P.  Temple.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1850 ;  practiced  at  Richmond 
before  and  after  the  War;  then  for  a  short  time  at  Baltimore  and 
in  Harford  County ;  for  the  last  seventeen  years  of  his  life  practiced 
near  Ellicott  City,  Howard  County,  Md. ;  Surgeon,  Sixth  Virginia 
Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65,  being  paroled  at  Appomattox  Court 
House,  Va.,  April  10,  1865.     Died,  as  above.  May  2,  1891. 

*Tharp,  Jonathan.  1849.  Born  in  Delaware.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1848; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1850.  Of  Baltimore.  Died  at  Baltimore.  See 
list  of  1853. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Thayer,  William  Sydney.  1893.  Born  at  Milton,  Mass.,  June  23, 
1864.  A.B.,  Harvard,  1885,  and  M.D.,  1889;  House  Physician, 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  1888-89;  Assistant  Resident  Phy- 
sician, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1890-91 ;  Resident  Physician, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891-98;  Associate  in  Medicine,  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1895-96;  Associate  Professor  of  Medicine, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1896 — ;  author  (with  Dr.  Hewetson) 
of  "The  Malarial  Fevers  of  Baltimore,"  Johns  Hopkins  Press, 
Baltimore,  1895 ;  of  "Lectures  on  the  Malarial  Fevers,"  Appleton 
&  Co.,  New  York,  1898;  and  of  article  on  "Infectious  Diseases,"  in 
"Progressive  Medicine,"  vol.  i,  1899,  Lea  Bros.  &  Co.,  8vo.  406 
Cathedral   Street,   Baltimore. 

*Theobald,  Elisha  Warfield.     1847.     Born  at  Georgetown,  Ky.,  July 

11,  1818.  M.D.,  Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Ky.,  1839; 
a  Founder  and  Lecturer  at  Maryland  Medical  Institute,  1847. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  March  24,  185 1. 

^Theobald,  Elisha  Warfield,  Jr.     1876.     Born  at  Baltimore,  August 

12,  1850.  Pupil  of  his  grandfather  (Prof.  N.  R.  Smith)  ;  M.D., 
University  of   Maryland,    1875.     Died  at   Baltimore,  May  30,   1877. 

Theobald,  Samuel.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  12,  1846; 
son  of  Dr.  E.  W.  Theobald.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1867; 
the  first  to  employ  boracic  acid  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1880;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884 ; 
Founder  and  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgeon,  Baltimore  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  Charity  Hospital ;  Lecturer  on  Ophthalmology  and 
Otology,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-94  •  Clinical  Professor, 
1894 — ;  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
St.  Vincent's  Hospital  and  the  Home  for  Incurables;  most  import- 
ant work,  "Anatomical  and  Clinical  Investigations,  Bearing  upon 
the  Treatment  of  Strictures  of  the  Lachrymal  Passages;"  contribu- 
tor to  several  works  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1899-1900;  President,  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1900-01.  304  West  Monument  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Thomas,  Allen.  A.M.,  St.  Johns.  1802  (Q.).  Of  Elkridge,  Anne 
Arundel  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Thomas,  George.     1889.     Born  in  Maryland,  1859.     M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and    Surgeons,   Baltimore,   1882;   Lecturer  on   Diseases 
of  Throat  and  Chest,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Clinical 
38  591 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Professor    and    Secretary,    College    of    Physicians    and    Surgeons, 
1893-97.     Died  at  Baltimore,  June  3,  1897. 

Thomas,  Henry  Briscoe.  1891.  Born  at  Deep  Falls,  St.  Mary's 
County,  Md.,  April  16,  1864.  Graduated  from  Charlotte  Hall, 
1881 ;  pupil  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Duval ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1888;  Resident  Physician,  University  Lying-in  Hospital,  1888-89; 
Chief  of  Clinic  and  Demonstrator  of  Laryngology  and  Rhinology, 
University  of  Maryland,  1895-98;  Clinical  Professor  of  Laryn- 
gology and  Rhinology,  1898;  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and 
Throat  Hospital;  Specialist  in  Nose,  Throat  and  Chest  Diseases. 
1007  Cathedral   Street,  Baltimore. 

Thomas,  Henry  M.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  25,  1861 ;  son  of  Dr. 
J.  C.  Thomas.  Educated  at  Haverford  College  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  A.M.  (Honorary),  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1902; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1885 ;  studied  abroad ;  Lecturer  on 
Nervous  Diseases,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-94;  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor of  Nervous  Diseases,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1894 — ; 
Visiting  Physician  to  Bayview  Asylum ;  Neurologist  to  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital ;  Consulting  physician  to  the  Home  for  Incurables ; 
Neurologist  to  the  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital; 
Specialist  in  Neurology.     1228  Madison   Avenue,   Baltimore 

*Thomas^  James  Carey.  1874.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  13,  1833; 
son  of  Dr.  Richard  Henry  Thomas.  A.B.,  Haverford  College,  Pa. ; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1854;  Trustee  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins University,  1870-97;  President  of  the  Clinical  Society  of 
Maryland,  1875-77;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty of  Maryland,  1875-76,  1878-79  and  1887-88;  Vice-President, 
Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine,  1877-78 ;  President  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  1877-81 ;  Vice-President,  1881-97 !  Lec- 
turer on  Hygiene,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore,  1884-89; 
President  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1884-85  and  1894-95 ;  Consulting  Physician  to  the*  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital,  1889-97;  a  Minister  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
(orthodox).     Died  at  Baltimore,  November  9,   1897. 

*Thomas,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Trustee  of  Queen  Anne's  County 
Almshouse,  1805 ;  resided  in  Queen  Anne  County.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

*Thomas,  John.  1801.  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Thomas^  John  Hanson.  Born  at  Frederick,  Md.,  September  23, 
1813 ;  son  of  J.  Hanson  Thomas,  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Philip 
Thomas,  Founder.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander;  educated  at 
University  of  Virginia;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1834;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland  ("Va."),  1836;  retired  from  practice,  1839;  President, 
Merchants  National  Bank,  Baltimore,  1839-79 ;  Member  of  the  City 
Council  (several  terms)  ;  Member  of  the  Legislature,  1861 ;  Pris- 
oner of  War  for  several  months.  Died  at  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
W.  Va.,  July  15,  1881. 

*Thomas,  Philip.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Chestertown,  Kent 
County,  Md.,  June  11,  1747;  son  of  James  Thomas.  A  medical 
pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  Vandyke,  of  Philadelphia,  for  four  years ; 
attended  lectures  at  Philadelphia;  moved  to  Frederick  County, 
Md.,  1769;  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  Frederick 
County  during  the  Revolution;  Medical  Purveyor  of  Frederick 
County,  1781-83;  Elector  for  Washington;  President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1801-15 ;  delivered  an  address 
before  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  June  15,  1802  {Fed- 
eral Gazette)  ;  married  Jane  Contee  Hanson,  daughter  of  Presi- 
dent John  Hanson.     Died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  April  25,  1815. 

*Thomas,  Richard  Henry.  1827.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  June  20,  1805.  A.B.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1822 ;  pupil  of 
Dr.  Gustavus  Warfield;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1827; 
settled  at  Baltimore;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  Baltimore  Medical 
InstitUi.e,  183 1 ;  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Medical  Jurispru- 
dence, University  of  Maryland,  1847-58.  He  was  an  eminent  min- 
ister of  the  Society  of  Friends  (orthodox),  and  traveled  as  such 
extensively  over  Europe  and  America.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January 
15,  i860. 

Thomas,  Richard  Henry.  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  26, 
1854;  son  of  Dr.  R.  H.  Thomas.  A.B.,  Haverford  College,  Pa.,  1872; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1875 ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Nose,  Throat  and  Chest,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  Baltimore, 
1882-93,  1900 — ;  Dean,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1885-90,  1902 — ; 
author  of  "Echoes  and  Pictures"  (Poems),  1895;  "Penelve,  or 
Among  the  Quakers,"  1898;  joint  author  with  Prof.  Allen  C. 
Thomas,  of  Haverford  College,  of  "A  History  of  Friends  in  Amer- 
ica," American  Church  History  Series,  1894;  Minister  of  the  Gos- 
pel, Society  of  Friends   (orthodox).     1718  John  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Thomas,  Tristram.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Roodly,"  in  Boling- 
broke  Neck,  Talbot  County,   Md.,   December  25,    1769.     Educated 

593 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  Wilmington,  Del. ;  student  of  Dr.  Nicholas  Way,  of  Wilming- 
ton;  studied  at  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1792;  began  practice  at  Trappe,  Tal- 
^  bot  County,  Md. ;  removed  to  Easton,  where  he  practiced  for  fifty 
years ;  on  the  Board  of  Health,  of  Talbot  County,  1793 ;  Attending 
Physician  of  the  County  Almshouse;  President  of  the  Sixth 
District  Medical  Society,  1815.  He  was  the  father  of  Gov.  Philip 
F.  Thomas.  In  1845  a  portrait  was  painted  of  him  as  a  testimonial 
of  the  public  regard,  and  paid  for  by  general  subscription.  This 
portrait  is  at  the  University  of  Maryland  (Schultz,  "History  of 
Freemasonry  in  Maryland,"  vol.  ii,  p.  321).  "Very  tall  and  spare, 
with  narrow,  sloping  shoulders ;  gentle  and  sympathetic,  the  very 
model  of  a  polished  gentleman.  He  carried  a  cane  from  the 
Mount  of  Olives."     Died  at  Easton,  August  5,  1847. 

*Thomas,  William.  1801  (?).  Surgeon,  Thirty-fifth  Regiment,  Mary- 
land Militia,  1810.  Of  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807, 
1848  and  1853. 

*Thomas,  William.  1801  (?).  Born  at  "De  La  Brooke  Manor," 
St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  March  8,  1793;  student  of  Dr.  Physick, 
Philadelphia;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1814;  practiced 
in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.  Died  at  "Cremona,"  his  country  seat, 
near  Leonardtown,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.,  September  30,  1849. 
See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  1853. 

Thomas,  William  Dulany.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  4,  1865. 
Educated  at  Baltimore  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1887 ;  Examining  Physician,  Prudential  Insurance  Company ; 
Adjunct  Professor,  Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical  College; 
resides  at  Baltimore. 

*Thomas,  William  H.  1818.  Son  of  Tristram  Thomas.  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1819;  was  living  1847.  Of  Easton, 
Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

^Thompson,  Anthony  C.  1815.  Of  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County, 
Md.     See   lists   of    1848   and    1853. 

Thompson,  Augustine  W.  1894.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1892; 
removed  to  Lincoln,  Talladega  County,  Ala.  (Polk,  1896).  Present 
address  unknov/n. 

Thompson,  Frank  H.  1898.  Born  at  Annapolis,  August  21,  1855. 
Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1879;   Health   Officer,   Annapolis. 

594 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

^Thompson,  George.     1817.     See  list  of  1848. 

*TpioMPSON,  Samuel.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Medical  Hili,"  Queen 
Anne's  County,  Md.,  1777.  "Graduated  at  Philadelphia;"  married 
Mary  Adeline  Thompson,  of  Philadelphia,  February  20,  1803 ;  mar- 
ried the  second  time,  Sarah  Smythe,  September  15,  1811;  had  a 
hospital  for  inoculation  at  "Medical  Hill."  Died  September  6, 
1844. 

Thompson.  Thomas  H.  1841.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jef- 
ferson,  1838.     See  Treasurer's  book  and  list  of  1848. 

Thompson,  William  Henry.  1887.  Born  at  Yonkers,  N.Y.,  January 
13,  1849.  Educated  at  High  School,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. ;  M.D.,  How- 
ard University,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1872;  Attending  Physician  in 
Obstetrics,  Provident  Hospital,  Baltimore.  526  St.  Paul  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Thompson,  William  S.  1840.  M.D..  University  of  New  York.  See 
list  of   1848   and   Treasurer's   book. 

*Thomson,  Absalom.  Moved  from  Dorchester  County  to  St.  Michaels, 
Talbot  County,  Md.  "A  celebrated  doctor  and  surgeon,  who 
traveled  about  the  country  on  a  mule  without  saddle  or  shoes,  in 
order  more  forcibly  to  impress  his  patients  with  his  divine  call- 
ing. His  sole  outfit  was  a  jar  of  calomel  and  a  rusty  lancet  with 
a  four-pound  metallic  syringe  having  a  nozzle  of  about  a  twelve  bore 
shot  gun.  It  is.  told  of  him  that  on  one  occasion  he  actually  sub- 
dued a  fire  at  a  patient's  house  with  a  tub  of  water  and  his 
clyster  pipe,  as  he  called  it.  His  practice  became  so  extensive 
that  he  opened  a  hospital,  at  his  residence,  in  order  to  save  time 
and  travel;  there  for  a  number  of  years  he  reveled  in  blood  and 
when  satiated  applied  the  actual  cautery."  Died  September  24, 
1842.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Thomson,  I.  Davis.  1873.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  1832. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1861;  began  practice  at  Towson, 
Md.;  Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1862;  later.  Surgeon;  resumed 
practice  at  Baltimore,  1865;  Assistant  Physician,  Mount  Hope 
Retreat  for  the  Insane;  Surgeon,  Northern  Central,  Baltimore 
and  Potomac,  and  Western  Maryland  Railroads.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, June  14,  iSSi. 

*Thum,  George.  1821.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1817.  Of 
Baltimore.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.    , 

595 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

TiENCH,  Christian  S.  1834.  M.D.  Of  Smithtown  (?).  See  list 
of  1848. 

Tiffany,  Louis  McLane.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  10,  1844. 
B.A.,  University  of  Cambridge,  England,  1866,  and  M.A.,  Cam- 
bridge, later;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1868;  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Almshouse;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1869-74;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Maryland  Dental  College; 
Professor  of  Operative  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1874-80; 
Professor  of  Surgery,  1880-1902;  resigned  his  Chair,  1902;  Dean, 
University  of  Maryland,  1879-86;  President,  Baltimore  Medical 
Association,  1876-77 ;  President  of  the  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland ; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1878-79  and  1880- 
81 ;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1892-93 ;  President 
of  the  American  Surgical  Association ;  President,  Southern  Surgical 
and  Gynaecological  Association ;  Visiting  Physician,  City  Almshouse ; 
Consulting  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ;  Surgeon-in-Chief, 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad ;  important  contributions  to  Surgery 
of  the  Kidney  and  Superior  Maxilla.     831  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*TiLDEN,  Charles.  1810.  Born  in  1769;  son  of  Dr.  William  Blay 
Tilden.  Educated  at  Princeton  College,  and  probably  A.B.;  pupil 
of  his  father;  began  practice  at  Still  Pond,  but  in  a  few  years  set- 
tled on  the  paternal  estate  near  Shrewsbury  Churcb,  as  a  farmer; 
Censor,  Caroline  County,  1826.  "He  was  stately,  dignified,  pre- 
cise in  speech,  sensible  and  eloquent,  preferring  the  retirement 
and  social  intercourse  of  farm  life  to  the  labors  and  responsibili- 
ties of  practice."    Died  in  1820,  aged  about  fifty  (Wroth). 

*TiLDEN,  John.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1760.  Surgeon  in  Revolution; 
practiced  at  New  Town,  Frederick  County,  Md.,  till  death;  also 
a  minister.     Died  at  New  Town,  Md.,  July  21,  1838. 

*Tilden,  William  Blay.  1800.  Born  about  1774;  third  son  of  Dr. 
W.  B.  Tilden.  Educated  at  Princeton  College;  pupil  of  Dr. 
Shaaff,  of  Annapolis,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania ;  practiced  at  Georgetown  Cross  Roads,  Kent  County, 
succeeding  his  father  and  brother;  married  Mary  Buchanan. 
"Sensible,  judicious,  and  attentive  to  the  sick ;  liberal  tO' his  younger 
brethren;  a  consistent  member  of  the  P.  E.  Church."  (Address 
given  in  list  of  1848  as  Trappe,  Talbot  County,  Md.)  Died  of 
typhoid  fever  about  1813. 

Tilghman,  Charles  H.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  6,  1846. 
Educated  at  private  schools;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1866; 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Resident  Physici'an,  Bayview  Asylum,  1867;  attended  Guy's  Hos- 
pital, 1867-68;  then  at  Paris;  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  French 
Ambulance  Corps,  Franco-Prussian  War;  decorated  by  the  Bava- 
rian Government  with  "Order  of  Military  Merit;"  retired  from 
practice,  1873;  resides  at  the  "Grosses,"  near  Easton,  Md. 

*TiLGHMAN,  Frisby.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829; 
practiced  at  Annapolis  and  Hagerstown.  Died  at  Hagerstown 
about  1848.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*TiLGHMAN,  James.  1815.  Of  Easton,  Talbot  County,  Md.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead.      (Quinan  mentions  a  Tilghman,  James,   1815.) 

*TiNGLE,  Nathaniel  R.  1816.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1816.     See  list  of  1848. 

TiNSLEY,  Alexander.  1897.  Born  in  York  County,  Va.,  1832.  Edu- 
cated at  Powers'  School,  Staunton,  Va. ;  graduated  from  William 
and  Mary  College;  educated  at  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia  and  University  of  New  York;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  New  York,  1858;  House  Surgeon,  Brooklyn  City  Hospital; 
on  Coast  Survey,  i860;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  2102  St.  Paul  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*TiTC0MB,  Beniah.  Born  in  Vermont,  1815.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1864;  practiced  at  Baltimore;  traveled  in  Europe  and 
South  America;  paid  special  attention  to  Eye  and  Ear  and  the 
making  of  models  and  casts.    Died  at  Baltimore,  February  23,  1882. 

*ToDD,  Christopher.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  North  Point,  Md., 
February  22,  1763;  son  of  Thomas  Todd,  fourth.  Studied  medi- 
cine seven  years,  graduating  M.D.  at  Philadelphia  (said  to  have 
been  a  classmate  of  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander,  who  graduated  1795)  ; 
located  at  "Hampton;"  removed  later  to  Garrison  Forest,  Green 
Spring  Valley  (about  1824);  spent  one  year  at  Baltimore;  thence 
removed  to  Taylor's  Chapel,  on  the  Hillen  Road,  where  he  died 
from  accident,  March  30,  1849;  buried  at  Waugh  Chapel,  Green- 
wood P.  O.;  he  was  a  Surgeon  in  the  War  of  1812. 

*ToDD,  George  Brainhard.  About  1873.  Born  in  Onondaga  County, 
N.  Y.,  1833.  Educated  at  University  of  New  York;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  New  York;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  later, 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  N. ;  began  practice  at  Baltimore  about  1866; 
returned  to  Navy.  Died  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  of  yellow  fever,  Sep- 
tember 22,   1874. 

597 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Todd,  William  James.  1890.  Born  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  July  24,  1857. 
M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1889 ;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Maternite,  1889-90;  President,  Baltimore  County 
Medical  Association,  1899;  practices  at  Mount  Washington,  Md. 

*ToDSEN,  George  P.  1821.  Born  in  Louisiana.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1821 ;  appointed  from  Louisiana  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  January  20,  1824;  dismissed,  March  25,  1826  (Ham- 
mersley).     Of  Missouri;  later,  of  New  Orleans.     See  list  of  1848. 

*ToELLE,  Frederick  C.  iSoi  (?).  M.D.  ;  Si-rgeon,  Fi.t'  Re;>  nun' 
Cavalry,  Maryland  Militia,  1814.  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*ToLAND,  Aquilla.     1819.     See  list  of  1848. 

ToLOSA,   Henri   F.     1876.     Of  Baltimore. 

*Toner,  Joseph  Meredith.  Honorary.  1878.  Born  at  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  April  30,  1825.  Educated  at  Western  Pennsylvania  Univer- 
sity and  Mount  St.  Mary's  College;  M.D.,  Vermont  Medical  Col- 
lege, Woodstock,  Vt,  1850,  also  Jefiferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, 1853 ;  settled  at  Washington,  1855 ;  President,  District  of 
Columbia  Medical  Society,  to  1870;  President,  American  Medical 
Association,  1873-74;  endowed  the  Toner  Lectures,  1872;  Presi- 
dent, American  Public  Health  Association,  1874-75;  Orator,  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1875 ;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Providence  Hospital,  St.  Vincent's  Female  Orphan  Asylum 
and  St.  Joseph's  Male  Orphan  Asylum;  collected  a  valuable 
library,  which  he  gave  to  the  United  States ;  it  now  forms  part  of 
the  Congressional  Library  at  Washington;  author  of  "Maternal 
Instinct  or  Love,"  i2mo,  Baltimore,  1864;  "Medical  Register  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,"  i2mo,  Washington,  1867.  Died  at 
Cresson,  Pa.,  July  30,   1896. 

Tongue,  Harrison.  1899.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  1847. 
Educated  at  Georgetown  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1871.     Of  Elkridge,  Howard   County,  Md. 

TowNSEND,  William  Guy.  1891.  Born  at  Royal  Oak,  Talbot  County, 
Md.,  September  27,  1864.  Educated  at  Randolph-Macon  College, 
Va. ;  studied  pharmacy;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  stud- 
ied in  the  Polst-graduate  Course  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1888-90;  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary;  Resident  Physician, 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Maryland  General  Hospital ;  Resident  Physician,  Hospital  of  the 
Good  Samaritan,  1891-92 ;  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1893+.     10  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Trapnall,  Philip.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
January  4,  1773.  M.E).,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1796;  moved 
to  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  1800;  Member  of  the  Legislature  of  Ken- 
tucky, 1806-09;  retired  from  practice  in  1818  and  devoted  himself 
to  agriculture.     Died  January  31,  1853. 

Trapnell,  Richard  W.  1899.  Born  at  Annapolis,  October  27,  1844. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1866;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad,  Point  of  Rocks,  Md. 

Trimble,  David  B.  1837.  Born  in  Maryland.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1837. 
See  list  of 


Trimble,  Isaac  Ridgway.  1891.  Born  at  "Wye  House,"  Talbot 
County,  Md.,  October  10,  i860.  Educated  at  Shenandoah  Valley 
Academy  and  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1884;  Resident  Physician,  University  Hospital,  1884-85; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Fifth  Regiment  of  M.  N.  G.,  1889-99;  Sur- 
geon, Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  1890 — ;  Professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Opera;tive  and  Clinical  Surgery,  Woman's  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1891-99;  Dean,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1894-96;  Lec- 
turer on  Clinical  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1894-99  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  and  Clinical  Surgery,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1899 — ;  Surgeon  in- Chief,  United  Rail- 
way and  Electric  Company  of  Baltimore.  8  West  Madison  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Trippe,  Edward  Richard.  1893.  Born  at  Easton,  Md.,  1840.  Gradu- 
ated from  Bushington  College ;  .  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1862 ;  has  practiced  always  at  Easton,  Md. ;  Rear  Commodore, 
Chesapeake  Fleet ;   Surgeon,  Maryland  Naval  Militia. 

*Trippe,  John.  1801  (?).  Died  at  Easton,  Talbot  County,  Md.,  1811. 
See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter. 

*Troup,  John  Irvine.  Born  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  1771. 
M.D.,  University  of  Edinburgh,  1793  (Thesis,  "De  Vermibus")  ; 
practiced  on  the  Eastern  Shore;  retired  and  came  to  Baltimore, 
residing  at  "Darley,"  near  the  city.     Died  near  Baltimore,  1S51. 

599 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*TuBMAN,  Robert  H.  1815.  Retired  from  practice  and  engaged  in 
farming  near  Cambridge.  Of  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  Md. 
See  list  of  1848. 

Tudor,  Samuel  M.     1831.     M.D.     Of  Pennsylvania.     See  list  of  1848. 

*TuRNBULL,  Duncan.  1828.  Born  in  Scotland.  B.M.  (Honorary), 
University  of  Maryland,  1822;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1821-26;  had 
a  private  dissecting  room  and  lectured  on  Anatomy,  Surgery  and 
Pathology  for  several  years;  moved  South  in  1831,  and  died  be- 
tween 1832  and  1837  (in  Mississippi  ?).  Marked  dead  by  Fonerden 
in  list  of  1837. 

*TuRNER,  Benjamin  A.  1893.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
1849.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1881 ; 
Chief  of  Gynsecological  Clinic,  Woman's  Medical  College ;  Assistant 
Physician,  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Catonsville ;  Physician 
in  Charge  of  the  State  Institution  for  Feeble-minded  Children  at 
Ovi^ings'  Mills,  Md.     Died  May  7,  1895. 

Turner,  Charles.  1831.  M.D.,  Washington  Medical  College,  Balti- 
more, 1829.     Of  Delaware.     See  list  of  1848. 

Turner,  James  H.  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1847;  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Baltimore  Almshouse,  1849.     Of  Baltimore. 

*Turner,  John.     1808.     See  Medical  and  Physical  Recorder. 

♦Turner,  John.  Born  at  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County,  Md.,  1812. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1834.  Of  Mackall,  Calvert  County 
(Polk).     Died  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  November  9,  1896. 

Turner,  John,  Jr.  1898.  Born  at  Irvington,  Va.,  January  23,  1869. 
B.S.,  Randolph-Macon  College,  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1892;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Boys'  Latin  School, 
Baltimore ;  Physician  to  Children's  Country  Home,  Catonsville, 
1896 ;  Prosector  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland ;  practice 
limited  to  Surgery,  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat.  1814  North  Charles 
Street,  Baltimore. 

*TuRNER,  William.     1814.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book,  and  Archives. 

Turpin,  Walter  L.     183 i.     Of  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.     Archives. 

600 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Tydings,  Oliver.  1882.  Born  at  St.  Margaret's,  x\nne  Arundel  County, 
Md. ;  son  of  Henry  Tydings.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877 ; 
removed  to  Conway,  Faulkner  County,  Ark. ;  returned  to  Chase,  Bal- 
timore County,  Md. ;  removed  to  Piqua,  Miami  County,  O. ;  from 
there  to  Chicago,  III,  v^-here  he  now  resides,  at  103  State  Street; 
Surgeon,  and  Professor  of  Chicago  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat  Col- 
lege and  Hospital. 

*TyLER,  Grafton,  Jr.  1839.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
November  21,  181 1.  Pupil  of  Prof.  S.  Baker;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1833;  settled  at  Georgetown,  1843;  Physician  to  George- 
town College,  1843;  Professor  of  Pathology  and  Practice,  Co- 
lumbian College,  1846-59;  Vice-President,  American  Medical 
Association,  1855 ;  President,  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  1872-73;  Consulting  Physician,  Providence  Hospital  and 
Children's  Hospital ;  President  of  the  Board  of  Health  of  George- 
town.    Died  at  Georgetown,  August  26,  1884. 

*Tyler,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
June  29,  1763.  Began  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Smith,  of 
Georgetown;  pupil  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  London,  and 
received  diploma,  1784;  also  pupil  of  John  Hunter,  Fordyce,  Pott, 
Baillie  and  others;  began  practice  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  1786; 
according  to  Quinan,  the  first  oculist  in  America;  acquired  a  great 
reputation  in  ophthalmology;  one  of  the  first  in  the  United  States 
to  operate  for  cataract,  patients  coming  long  distances  to  be 
"couched;"  an  officer  in  the  "Whiskey  Insurrection"  in  Pennsyl- 
vania; Elector  of  Jefferson;  being  possessed  of  a  competency  and, 
his  hearing  becoming  dulled  by  age  and  disease,  he  retired  from 
practice.     Died,  unmarried,  at  Frederick  City,  October  15,  1841. 

*Tyler,  Samuel  M.  1847.  Born  at  Frederick,  Md.,  December  10, 
1820 ;  son  of  William  Tyler.  Student  of  his  father ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1842 ;  "the  first  Surgeon  in  Maryland  to  adopt 
anaesthetics  in  surgery."  Died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  July  26,  1856. 
See  Trans.,  American  Medical  Association,  i860. 

*Tyler,  William  Bradley.  Born  at  "Brough,"  Prince  George  County, 
Md.,  May  31,  1788.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  of  Frederick 
Town,  1806;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1809;  Physician 
to  the  Marine  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1809-10;  practiced  at  Leesburg, 
Va.,  1810-14,  and  at  Frederick  Town,  Md.,  1814-42;  Censor,  1831. 
Died  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  September  9,  1863. 

601 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Tyler,  William,  Sr.  1828.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
May  5,  1784.  Pupil  of  his  uncle  (John  Tyler,  of  Frederick)  ;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1804;  a  very  popular  and  successful 
practitioner  for  sixty-one  years;  Founder  and  President  until  his 
death  of  the  Farmers  and  Mechanics  Bank  of  Frederick;  Director 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal ;  intimate  friend  and  Elector  of 
Andrew  Jackson.  Died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  April  12,  1872,  after 
sixty-six  years  of  practice.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Tyson,  Samuel  Ellicott.  1832.  Born  in  Maryland,  1809.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  Wni.  Handy;  M.D.,  Washington  College,  Baltimore  (?); 
later,  in  hospital,  Philadelphia;  gave  up  practice  for  pharmacy. 
Died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  1883. 

Uhler,  John  Reese.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  3,  1839.  Edu- 
cated at  Carey's  and  Topping's  Schools ;  attended  College  of 
Pharmacy;  M.D.,  Univerisity  of  Maryland,  1861 ;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-64;  Surgeon,  Fifth  Maryland  U.  S.  Volun- 
teers, 1864-65 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum,  one  year ; 
President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1873-74;  Professor  of 
Practice  of  Medicine,  Baltimore  Medical  College.  1531  McCulloh 
Street,  Baltimore. 

Ulman,  Solomon  Jay.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  27,  1865. 
Educated  at  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1889;  Post-graduate  student,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital; 
Police  Surgeon,  1899 — .     1725  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Valiant,  John  A.  1831.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1830.  Of 
Baltimore.     See  list  of  1848. 

Van  Bibber,  Armfield  Franklin.  1898.  Born  at  Bel  Air,  Harford 
County,  Md.,  June  18,  1872.  Educated  at  Virginia  Military  Insti- 
tute; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1896;  practices  at  Bel  Air. 

Van  Bibber,  Claude.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  2T,  1853.  A.B., 
Georgetown  University,  1874;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877; 
Founder,  Dispensary  for  Nervous  Diseases,  October,  1878,  and 
Orthopjedic  Surgeon  there,  1878-90;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Agnes 
Hospital,  1878-93,  and  to  the  Home  of  the  Friendless,  1881 — ;  Vis- 
iting Surgeon,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  1895 — .  9  East  Read  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*Van  Bibber,  John  Pierre.  1875.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  15, 
1850.     A.B.,   Loyola  College,   Baltimore,   1867;    student  of  Dr.  W. 

602 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Chew  Van  Bibber;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  studied 
in  Europe,  1871-74;  a  Founder  of  the  American  Neurological 
Association;  Lecturer  on  Neurology,  Washington  University,  Bal- 
timore; Founder,  Dispensary  for  Nervous  Diseases,  Baltimore 
(this  was  the  first  special  dispensary  in  this  department  at  Balti- 
more) ;  an  author  of  Keating's  "Encyclopaedia  of  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren;" Lecturer  at  the  Peabody  Institute,  1881.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
May  5,  1S92. 

*Van  Bibber,  Washington  Chew.  1852.  Born  in  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  July  24,  1824.  Attended  Dickinson  College  and  Mount  St. 
Mary's  College,  Emmitsburg;  A.B.,  Jefferson  College,  Cannons- 
burg,  Pa.,  1843;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  184S;  practiced  in  Mississippi  and  New  Orleans;  set- 
tled at  Baltimore,  1846;  Vaccine  Physician,  1847-S0;  a  Founder  of 
the  Pathological  Society,  1853;  Secretaiy,  Pathological  Society, 
1853-58;  Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1857-59;  a  Founder  of  the  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland,  1875,  and 
Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine,  1877;  Attending  Physician,  Bal- 
timore Almshouse;  Associate  Editor,  Virginia  Medical  Monthly, 
1856-59,  and  of  the  Maryland  and  Virginia  Medical  Journal,  1859- 
61 ;  Lecturer  on  the  Diseases  of  Children  and  Venereal  Diseases 
at  the  Summer  Course  of  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Special  Dispensary,  1866  (these  were  the  first  clinics 
at  the  University  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,  and  this  was  the  first 
step  towards  the  establishment  of  an  outdoor  clinic)  ;  a  Founder 
and  the  first  President  of  the  Baltimore  Pathological  Society,  1867 ; 
Peabody  Lecturer,  1869 ;  President  of  Baltimore  Academy  of  Med- 
icine, 1887.     Died  at  Baltimore,  December  14,  1892. 

*Van  Lear,  Matthew  Sims.  181  i.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania,  181 1.     Of  Sassafras  Neck,  Cecil  County,  Md. 

*Van  Lear,  William.  1817  (?).  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1817.     Of  Williamsport,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853- 

Van  Marter,  James  Gilbert.  1890.  Born  at  Basle,  Switzerland,  1868; 
son  of  J.  G.  Van  Marter,  of  New  York.  Brought  up  at  Florence 
and  Rome,  Italy ;  Licentiate  in  Letters  at  Collegio  Romano ;  matri- 
culated at  University  of  "Rome,  1886;  matriculated  at  University  of 
Maryland,  1887,  and  graduated  M.D.  therefrom,  1890;  graduated 
at  University  of  Rome,  1891 ;  took  special  courses  with  Kocher,  at 
Berne,   Switzerland;   practiced  at  Rome  one  year;   health   failing, 

603 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

spent  three  years  on  Pacific  Coast;  has  practiced  at  Savannah  since 
1897;  Librarian  of  Georgia  Medical  Society;  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon to  Savannah  Hospital. 

Van  Ness,  Eugene  McEvers.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  24, 
1868.  Educated  at  City  College;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1891 ;  Assistant  Resident  Surgeon,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1891- 
92;  President  of  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  Maryland.  1515 
Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

^Veazey,  Edward.  1822.  Born  at  Cherry  Grove,  Cecil  County,  Md., 
March  26,  1799;  son  of  Gov.  Thos.  Ward  Veazey.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1822 ;  practiced  in  Cecil  County,  in  Western 
Pennsylvania  and  in  Virginia ;  settled  finally  at  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
where  he  died,  December  14,  1870.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Veazey,  John  Thompson.  Born  at  "Essex  Lodge,"  Sassafras  Neck, 
Cecil  County,  Md.,  July  22,  1783 ;  son  of  Dr.  T.  B.  Veazey. 
Attended  lectures  at  University  of  Maryland  (?);  took  part  in 
defense  of  Fredericktown,  Md.,  in  War  of  1812;  Censor  for  Cecil 
County,  1831  (American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences).  Died 
March  30,  1839.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Veazey,  Peregrine  Ward.  1817.  Practiced  at  Sassafras  Neck,  Cecil 
Co'unty,  Md.,  and  died  unmarried.  See  lists  of  1829,  1848  and 
1853. 

*Veazey,  Thomas  Brockus.  1801  (?).  Born  at  "Essex  Lodge," 
Cecil  County,  Md.,  March  29,  1750.  Succeeded  to-  the  family 
homestead  in  1777,  and  there  lived  as  a  planter  and  physician  until 
his  death;  Vestryman  of  St.  Stephen's  Parish  and  Delegate  to  the 
first  Convention  of  the  P.  E.  Church  in  Maryland,  in  1792.  Died 
at  "Essex  Lodge,"   Sassafras   Neck,   Cecil  County,  Md.,   1806. 

*Vees,  Charles  H.  1888.  Born  in  1859.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1886.     Died  at  Baltimore,  May  27,   1892. 

*Vethake,  John  W.  A  Founder  of  Washington  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  1827;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Washington  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1827-28. 

*ViRDiN,  William  Ward,  Jr.  1878.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  12, 
1829;  son  of  Capt.  W.  W.  Virdin.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1866;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.  Died  at  Lapidum,  Harford  County,  Md., 
May  20,  1897. 

604 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

VoGEL,  Charles  W.  1897.  Born  at  Baltimore,  August  8,  1870.  Edu- 
cated at  Knapp's  Institute;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy, 
1892;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1895; 
Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Maryland  Lying-in  Asylum,  1895-96; 
Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons;  practiced  at  Baltimore,  1896-99;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Marine  Hospital  Service,  1899 — ;  resides  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Waddell,  David  F.  1899.  Born  at  Preston,  Caroline  County,  Md., 
July  16,  1852.  Graduated  from  Preston  Academy;  M.D.,  Chicago 
Medical  College,  1879;  practices  at  Millington,  Md. 

Wade,  J.  Percy.  1893.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Va.,  October  22, 
1869.  Educated  at  City  College,  Baltimore,  and  Johns  Hopkins 
University;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1891 ;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1891 ;  Assistant  Physician, 
189T,  and  Superintendent,  Maryland  Hospital  for  Insane  (Spring 
Grove),    1896 — . 

Wadlow,  .     1823.     See  list  of  1848.     (Can  this  be  "Wardlow,  Jos. 

J.,    S.    C,    1836,"    Jefferson?     There    was    a    Dr.    Wm.    Wardlow, 
Richmond,  Va.,  "apothecary  and  physician,"  1817.) 

*Waggaman,  Henry  Pierpont.  Born  at  Monie,  Somerset  County, 
Md.,  1785 ;  son  of  Henry  Waggaman.  Is  said  to  have  attended 
medical  lectures  at  Philadelphia  about  1808-09 ;  married  the  widow 
of  Dr.  Cooper,  of  Dorchester  County;  Censor,  1822;  resided  at 
Newmarket,  Dorchester  County,  Md.  Died  after  1843.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

*Wagner,  Albert  Schmidt.  1892.  Born  near  Baltimore,  September 
20,  1869;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore, 
1892 ;  Resident  Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital.  Died  at  Baltimore, 
February  23,  1893. 

Wagner,  Frank  E.  1894.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1894 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Maryland  Naval  Reserves,  1898. 
1717  North  Calvert  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Wailes,  William  PIandy.  1827.  Born  April  7,  1801.  "Probably 
graduated,  1825-30;"  married  Miss  Leonard,  August  26,  1834;  prac- 
ticed at  Salisbury,  Md.  Died  at  Salisbury,  April  29,  1849.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

605 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Wainwright,  Charles  W.  1896.  Born  at  Princess  Anne,  Md.,  May 
8,  1858;  son  of  Edward  J.  Wainwright,  Editor  of  Somerset  Herald. 
A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md.,  1876;  M.D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1886.  Of  Princess  Anne, 
Somerset  County,  Md. 

*Walker,  Edmund  Rhett.  1890.  Born  at  Beaufort,  S.  C,  1836. 
Educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia  and  College  of  Columbia, 
S.  C;  A.B.,  College  of  Columbia,  1856;  M.D.,  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1857;  M.D.,  Belkvue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1858;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1858-60;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A., 
1861-65;  settled  at  Baltimore  after  the  War  as  Coroner;  Professor 
of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1876-77;  Elxam- 
iner.  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Association;  Attending  Physician, 
Church  Home  and  Infirmary;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Baltimore 
Medical  College.    Died  at  Baltimore,  September  30,  1891. 

*WalkeRj  Thomas  Cradock.  Born  at  "Garrison  Forest,"  Baltimore 
County,  Md.,  1773 ;  grandson  of  Dr.  James  Walker,  of  Anne  Arun- 
del County,  1715.  Educated  by  Revs.  Andrews  and  West; 
pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock;  attended  medical  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  (Quinan  says,  M.D.,  there,  1796,  in 
class  with  N.  Potter  and  A.  Pue,  but  his  name  is  not  in  the  Cata- 
logue) ;  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate,  1813-15,  at  Burlington  and 
Plattsburgh;  Associate  in  Practice  with  Dr.  Thomas  Cradock, 
Founder,  and  became  his  heir.  Died  at  "Trentham,"  Garrison 
Forest,  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  May  31,  i860. 

Wallace,  Joseph  Veazey.  1898.  Born  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  April  12, 
1830.  Educated  by  private  tutor  at  Elkton,  Md. ;  pupil  of  Dr.  James 
Robert  Ward,  Clearspring,  Washington  County,  Md.,  1850-51 ;  M.D., 
University  of  Mar}rland,  1853 ;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Examining 
Surgeons  at  Elkton ;  President  of  the  Cecil  County  Medical  Society ; 
resides  at  Chesapeake  City,  Cecil  County,  Md. 

Wallace,  W.  W.     1833.     M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Walls,  Enoch  George.  1873.  Born  at  Sudlersville,  Queen  Anne's 
County,  Md.,  September  3,  1850;  son  of  Joshua  Walls.  Educated 
at  the  Normal  School,  1867-68 :  pupil  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Morfit,  of  Balti- 
more; M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1872;  settled  in 
practice  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physician,  1872-80;  Resident  Physi- 
cian, Red  Sulphur  Springs,  Roanoke,  Va.,  1884;  removed  to  Colo- 
rado Springs,  1886;  appointed  Aide  on  Governor  Routt's  staff,  1891 ; 

606 


RICHARD   S.    STEUART 
1797-1876. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

removed  to  Smyrna,  Del.,  1892;  Examining  Physician,  Fidelity 
Life  Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia,  1892;  removed  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  1893;  smallpox  expert  in  1895;  Attending  Physician, 
Forest  Glen  Seminary  for  two  years;  Surgeon  to  American  Line 
steamer  "Kensington,"  1902.  Died  at  New  York,  October  5,  1902. 
See  Trans.,  1873. 

*Walls,  J.  William.  1878.  Born  at  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va. ,  1835. 
Educated  at  Winchester,  Va, ;  M.D.,  Winchester  Medical  College; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Winchester  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1861 ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  removed  to  Baltimore,  1865 ; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Washington  University,  Bal- 
timore, 1867.     Died  at  Philadelphia,  May  19,  1881. 

*Walls,  William  W.  1814.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1814; 
Inaugural  Dissertation  on  "Rabies  Canina."  Of  Winchester,  Va. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Walter,  Milton  Raphael.  1894.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  30,  1870. 
Educated  at  the  City  College;  Ph.D.,  Maryland  College  of  Phar- 
macy, 1890;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1893;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Bayview  Hospital,  1893-94;  Assistant  in  Neurology, 
Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary,  1895;  Assistant  to  Professor  Krause, 
University  of  Berlin,  1896;  Assistant  Laryngologist,  Bayview  Asy- 
lum, and  Assistant  in  the  Nose  and  Throat  Department,  University 
of  Maryland;  Assistant  in  Pathology,  University  of  Maryland, 
1899-1900;  Demonstrator  of  Histology  and  Embryology,  1900 — . 
1013  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Waltemeyer,  J.  Tassey.  1893.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  14,  1865. 
M.D.,  Jefferson,  1887.     Of  Alberton,  Md. 

Walton,  Henry  Roland.  1873  (?).  Born  in  St.  Mary's  County,  Md., 
February  29,  1828.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Alumnus  of 
1848:  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850;  Resident  Physician, 
Baltimore  Almshouse,  1849-51;  in  hospitals  of  Paris,  1851-53;  prac- 
tices at  Annapolis. 

*Waltz,  Peter.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Washington  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Ward,  James  Robert.  1829.  Born  in  Cecil  County,  Md.,  1807.  Edu- 
cated at  Boisseau's  Academy;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1828; 
Surgeon,  U.   S.   N. ;   began  practice  in  Washington  County,   Md. ; 

39  607 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

removed  to  Govanstown,  Md.,  1837;  Vice-President,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1874-75 ;  President,  Baltimore  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1879-80;  President,  Alumni  Association,  University  of 
Maryland,  1878  and  1881;  President,  State  Board  of  Health.  Died 
at  Govanstown,  Md.,  April  29,  1884. 

Ward,  Thomas  J.  1878.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1877.  205 
East  Lafayette  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Wareham,  Edward  A.  1897.  Born  in  Ritchie  County,  Va.,  September 
28,  1858.    M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1883.    Of  Hagerstown,  Md. 

*Warfield,  Anderson.  1801  (?).  Of  Baltimore.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848.     Marked  dead  in  the  latter.     (See  Anderson,  Warfield.) 

*Warfield,  Charles  Alexander.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Howard 
County,  Md.,  December  3,  1751 ;  son  of  Azel  Warfield.  M.B.  (yet 
he  signs  a  diploma  of  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  in  1812 
without  putting  the  degree  after  his  name)  ;  Captain  of  a  Company 
of  Cavalry,  and  leader  in  the  burning  of  the  cargo  of  tea  on  the 
"Peggy  Stewart"  in  the  harbor  of  Annapolis,  October  19,  1774;  on 
the  Committee  of  Observation  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  1775 ;  First 
Major  of  Elk  Ridge  Battalion,  1776;  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
saltpeter  the  same  year;  Judge  of  Anne  Arundel  County  Court, 
^777',  President,  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  (University  of 
Maryland),  1812.  "He  was  the  first  to  propose  a  separation  from 
the  mother  country.  His  father,  when  warned  by  Mr.  Carroll  that 
such  rash  words  might  bring  him  trouble,  replied,  'My  son  knows 
what  he  is  saying  and  I  agree  with  him.'  *  *  *  One  year  after, 
mounting  his  trooper,  he  led  his  neighbors  to  Annapolis.  Drawing 
them  into  line  before  tEe  now  famous  Peggy  Stewart  House,  he  called 
Mr.  Stewart  to  accept  one  of  two  propositions :  'You  must  either  go 
with  me  and  apply  the  torch  to  your  own  vessel  or  hang  before  your 
own  door.'  His  manner  of  expression,  though  courteous,  carried 
the  conviction  that  it  would  be  safer  to  accept  the  former,  and  Major 
Warfield  stood  beside  Mr.  Stewart  when  he  applied  the  torch.  He 
is  so  represented  in  the  recent  painting  of  Mr.  Mayer,  now  in  the 
State  House,  Annapolis."  There  is  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Warfield,  by 
Peale,  in  the  gallery  of  Dr.  Evan  W.  Warfield,  his  grandson,  which 
is  reproduced  in  this  work.  Died  at  "Bushy  Park,"  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  January  29,  1813. 

Warfield,  George  W.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Of 
Nashville,  Tenn.     See  list  of  1848. 

608 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Warfield,  Gustavus.  i8oi  (?).  Born  at  "Bushy  Park,"  Anne  Arun- 
del (now  Howard)  County,  Md.,  March  31,  1784;  son  of  Dr.  C.  A. 
Warfield.  Educated  at  Frederick  City  Academy  and  St.  John's 
College ;  student  of  his  father ;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
1806;  began  practice  at  once  as  partner  of  his  father,  succeeding 
to  the  entire  practice  on  the  death  of  C.  A.  Warfield  in  1813 ;  prac- 
ticed for  sixty  years  and  in  seven  counties  of  Maryland ;  Censor, 
1840.  Two  cases  are  reported  by  him  as  occurring  in  181 5  and 
1829  {Maryland  Medical  Recorder,  vol.  iii,  1832).  "A  good  man 
and  good  physician,  courteous,  temperate  and  benevolent,  quick  in 
diagnosis,  sound  in  judgment,  truthful  and  abounding  in  resource, 
patient,  conscientious,  public-spirited."  Died  at  "Lx)ngwood," 
Howard  County,  August  8,  1866. 

*Warfield,  Jesse  Lee.  1823.  Born  in  Frederick  County,  Md.,  Novem- 
ber 27,  1801 ;  son  of  Alexander  Warfield.  Student  of  Dr.  S.  Baker, 
Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823;  practiced  in  Fred- 
erick County,  1823-32;  moved  to  New  Windsor,  1832,  to  Westmin- 
ter,  Md.,  1846,  and  to  Baltimore,  1868;  President,  Farmers  and 
Mechanics  National  Bank.     Died  near  Baltimore,  February  9,  1887. 

Warfield,  Mactier.  1890.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1881 ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1884;  Chief  of  Clinic,  Throat  and  Nose  Depart- 
ment, Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ;  Instructor  in  Laryngology,  Johns 
Hopkins  Medical  School;  President  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of 
Maryland ;  Member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Charities  of 
Baltimore.     15  West  Franklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Warfield.   Peregrine.     1800.      Born  in  Maryland,  February,  1779. 

Practiced  a  few  years  at  Liberty  Town ;  then  settled  at  Georgetown, 
D.  C. ;  a  Founder  of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, 1819.  Dr.  Peregrine  Warfield  was  a  son  of  Dr.  C.  A.  War- 
field.  In  1812,  during  the  political  riots  at  Baltimore,  while  defend- 
ing the  Federalist  press  of  Hon.  Charles  Alexander  Contee  Hanson. 

he  was  wounded.     Died  at  Georgetown,  July  24,  1856.     See  lists  of 

1807  and  1848. 

Warfield,  Ridgely  Brown.  1890.  Born  in  Howard  County,  Md.,  June 
15,  1864.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1884;  Assistant  Resident 
Physician,  University  Hospital,  1884-85 ;  Resident  Physician,  Bay- 
view  Asylum,  1885-86;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  University  of 
Maryland,  1892-93 ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medi- 
cal College,  1893-95 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1895 — ;  Surgeon-General  of  Maryland,  1897 — ;  on 

609 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the   Surgical   Slafif  of  the   Maryland   General   Hospital.     845    Park 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

'•'Warner,  Augustus  Lockman.  1829.  Born  at  Baltimore.  A.M., 
Princeton  College,  1826;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829;  had 
a  private  dissecting  room  at  Baltimore,  1830-34;  Physician  to 
Cholera  Hospital,  Baltimore,  1832 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Physi- 
ology and  Surgery,  University  of  Virginia,  1834 ;  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery, Hampden-Sidney  Medical  College,  Richmond,  Va.  Died  at 
Richmond,  May  5,  1847. 

Warner,  A.  Shelmon.  1892.  Botu  at  Manchester,  Carroll  County, 
Md.,  March  30,  1856.  Educated  in  York  County  (Pa.)  Academy 
and  State  Normal  School,  Millersville,  Pa. ;  taught  school  five 
years ;  Principal  Newmarket  Grammar  School,  two  years ;  M.D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1881 ;  practices  at 
1 120  North  First  Street,  East,  Baltimore. 

*Warren  Edward.  Born  in  Tyrrell  County,  N.  C,  1828.  Educated  at 
the  University  of  Virginia;  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1850; 
M.D.,  Jefferson,  1851 ;  began  practice  at  Edenton,  N.  C. ;  at  Paris, 
1854-55;  Fiske  Fund  Prize  Essayist,  Rhode  Island,  1856;  Editor, 
Medical  Journal  of  North  Carolina;  Professor  of  Materia  Medica, 
University  of  Maryland,  1860-61 ;  Editor,  Baltimore  Journal  of  Med- 
icine, 1861  (bimonthly,  three  numbers)  ;  Surgeon-General  of  North 
Carolina  and  Medical  Inspector  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861-65 ;  reorganized  Washington  University  Medical 
School,  Baltimore,  1867,  and  Professor  of  Surgery,  1867-71 ;  Editor, 
Medical  Bulletin,  1868-70;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1871-72;  a  Founder  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Baltimore,  1872,  and  Professor  of  Surgery  there,  1872-73; 
Surgeon  in  Chief,  Egyptian  Army,  1873-75 ;  settled  at  Paris,  1875 ; 
LL.D.,  Universitjr  of  North  Carolina;  Chevalier,  Legion  of  Honor, 
France;  Knight,  Order  of  Isabella;  claimed  the  discovery  of  hypo- 
dermic medication,  1850-51;  invented  a  splint  for  the  treatment  of 
fracture  of  the  clavicle,  1872;  author,  "Practical  Surgery,"  i2mo, 
Richmond,  1863 ;  "A  Doctor's  Experience  in  Three  Continents," 
8vOi,  Baltimore,  1885.    Died  at  Paris,  September  16,  1893. 

Waters,  Edmund  George.  1883.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  16,  1830. 
Student  in  Chemistry,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  pupil  of  Prof. 
N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1853;  practiced  in 
Somerset  County,  Md.,  1853,  and  at  Baltimore,  1854-65 ;  President, 
Young    Men's    Christian    Association,    Baltimore,    1860-61 ;    Acting 

610 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  Professor  of  Natural  Science, 
Baltimore  City  College,  1866-68;  removed  to  Cambridge,  Md.,  1868; 
Member  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  Dorchester  County,  1875-77;  a 
Founder  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Baltimore  (com- 
posed of  Army  Surgeons),  1863;  and  of  Baltimore  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1866;  President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association.  171 1  Madi- 
son Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Waters,  Franklin.  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1838.  Of  Prince  George  County,  Md. 
See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873,  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and  Trans., 
1857. 

*Waters,  Horatio  W.  1819.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1817.  Of 
Baltimore.      In   list   oi   1848   marked   dead. 

*Waters,  James  W.  1833.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832; 
located  in  practice  at  Mount  Grove,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md. ; 
in  1839  moved  to  Georgia;  after  five  or  six  years,  returned  to^  Anne 
Arundel  County,  staid  there  two  years,  then  spent  two  years  at 
Baltimore,  after  which  settled  finally  at  Mount  Grove.  See  lists  of 
1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Waters,  John.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819  ("Tenn.").  See 
list  of  1848. 

*Waters,  Jonathan.  181  i.  M.D.,  College  of  Medicine,  Maryland, 
1811  (?)  ;  Censor  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  1826.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

*Waters,  Nehemiah.     1808.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Waters,  Robert.     iSio.     Not  an  M.D.     See  list  of  1848. 

Waters,  Somerset  Richard.  1898.  Born  at  Clarksburg,  Montgomery 
County,  Md.,  December  14,  1829;  son  of  Richard  R.  Waters.  Edu- 
cated at  Rockville  Academy ;  taught  private  school ;  student  of  Drs. 
Dunbar  and  P.  C.  Williams,  1856-57 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1858 ;  has  practiced  ever  since  at  Watersville,  Carroll  County,  Md. ; 
recently  has  been  connected  with  Treasury  Department  of  Maryland, 
which  has  necessitated  frequent  visits  to  Annapolis,  and  practice 
has  consequently  been  limited  almost  entirely  to  consultations. 

*Waters,  Washington.  1826.  Born  at  "Belmont,"  near  Brookeville, 
Montgomery  County,  Md.,  1804.     Pupil  of  Dr.  Tyler,  of  Frederick 

611 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

City;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  immediately  began  prac- 
tice near  Goshen,  Montgomery  County,  continuing  it  over  forty 
years;  the  latter  part  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  farming;  served  in 
the  Maryland  Senate  and  House  of  Delegates  several  terms.  Died 
February  24,  1882.    See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Waters,  William.  1824.  Born  in  1800.  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1824;  Censor,  1840;  Orator  at  meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  1857;  Vice-President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1857-58.  Died  at  Frederick  City,  Md.,  July 
7,  1862. 

Waters,  William  Alexander.  1857.  Born  near  Brookeville,  Montgom- 
ery County,  Md.,  June  6,  1826;  son  of  Ignatius  Waters.  Educated  at 
Brookeville  Academy  and  New  Windsor  College.  M.D.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1852.  01  Germantown,  Montgomery  County,  Md. 
Trans.,  1858  and  1873. 

*Waters,  Wilson.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  1758.  Surgeon's  Mate,  Hospital  Department  of  the  American 
Navy  in  the  Revolution ;  settled  for  practice  in  Anne  Arundel 
County;  pensioned  in  1832.  Of  Rockville,  Md.  Died  in  Anne 
Arundel  County,  February  5,  1836.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Watkins,  Tobias.  1801  ( ?).  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
December  12,  1780.  Educated  at  St.  John's  College;  pupil  of  Dr. 
Daniel ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  July  20,  1799 ;  resigned,  Jan- 
uary I,  1801 ;  M.D. ;  Licentiate  in  Midwifery;  began  practice  at  Bal- 
timore, 1803  or  1804;  Physician  to  the  Marine  Hospital;  Major  and 
Surgeon,  Thirty-eighth  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  May  20,  1813 ;  appointed 
from  Maryland  Hospital  Surgeon,  March  30,  1814;  provisionally 
retained,  June  15,  1815 ;  Assistant  Surgeon-General,  April  18,  1818; 
disbanded,  June  i,  1821 ;  Deputy  Grand  Master  of  Masons,  1809-13; 
Grand  Master,  1813-14  and  1816-18;  High  Priest,  Encamp- 
ment of  the  Knights  Templar,  No.  i,  1812;  Fourth  Auditor  of  the 
United  States  Treasury,  Washington,  1824-29;  found  guilty  in 
Washington  of  appropriating  the  public  money  and  imprisoned 
therefor  1829  to  1833;  Editor  of  Baltimore  Medical  and  Physical 
Recorder,  1808-09  (the  first  medical  journal  published  in  Balti- 
more) ;  one  of  the  Editors  of  the  "Portfolio;"  translated  several 
medical  works  from  the  French;  author  of  "Tales  of  the  Tripod,  or 
a  Delphian  Evening,"  i2mo',  Baltimore,  1821.  An  elegant  scholar 
and  accomplished  gentleman.  Died  at  Washington,  November  t, 
i8S5- 

'612 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Watson^  Arthur  G.  1892.  Born  in  Accomac  County,  Va.,  March  9, 
1851;  son  of  Dr.  Arthur  Watson.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1872.     1301  North  Central  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Watson,  James.  1800.  Of  District  of  Columbia.  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848. 

Watson,  William  Topping.  1896.  Born  at  Frederickton,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Canada,  November  4,  1862;  of  Scotch  parentage.  Educated 
at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1891 ;  Associate  Professor  of  Hygiene  and  Public  Health,  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  1902 — .     5  West  Preston  Street,  Baltimore. 

Wattenscheidt,  Charles.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  30,  1867; 
son  of  Charles  Wattenscheidt.  Educated  at  Business  College,  Over- 
lea  College  and  Glenwood  Institute.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1891 ;  Assistant  Gynaecologist  at  City 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1891-93 ;  practice  limited  to  Gynaecology  and 
Neurology.     1208  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Watts,  Arthur  G.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880.  Of  Baltimore. 
Last  entry  in  Polk's  Directory,  1886. 

*Way,  Joseph.  1801  (?).  See  lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in 
the  latter. 

*Wayson,  George  W.  1853.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md., 
November  18,  1819.  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1846 ; 
taught  school  in  Anne  Arundel  County  for  four  years;  prac- 
ticed at  Baltimore  from  185 1 ;  Vaccine  Physician,  1851-59;  Colonel, 
Third  Maryland  Infantry,  1861-62 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  1862-65 ;  Member  of  the  City  Council,  1863-65 ;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, City  Almshouse;  retired,  1894.  Died  at  Baltimore,  September 
26,  1899. 

Weaver,  John  F.  B.  1898.  Born  near  Manchester,  Carroll  County,  Md„ 
February  11,  1844.  Educated  at  Hanover  Seminary,  Pennsylvania; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1864;  has  always  practiced  at  Man- 
chester, Md. 

*Webb,  Samuel.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826.  Of  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland.     See  list  of  1848. 

*Webb,  William  Kelso.  1876.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1850.  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1875.    Died  at  Baltimore,  July  12,  1895. 

613 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Webster,  Henry  Worthington.  1823.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1795 ;  son 
of  Isaac  Webster.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1822;  married 
Harriet  Jacobi,  1828;  resided  and  practiced  in  South  Baltimore; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1851-52  and  1861.  Died  at  Baltimore,  October 
23,  1869.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Webster,  Henry  Worthington^  Jr.  1855.  Born  at  Baltimore,  Febru- 
ary 23,  1830;  son  of  H.  W.  Webster,  Sr.  Educated  at  City  College; 
served  in  the  Mexican  War;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1850; 
during  the  yellow  fever  at  Norfolk  in  1855  he  offered  his  services 
and  continued  at  his  post  until  he  himself  was  stricken  with  the 
disease.  Died  at  Baltimore,  August  29,  1894.  See  Treasurer's 
book. 

*Webster,  John  Lee.  1833.  Son  of  John  Skinner  Webster.  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1833:  Vaccine  Physician,  1851-52;  no 
children.     Of  Baltimore.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Weedon,  J.  H.  W.  G.  1899.  Born  on  Kent  Island,  Queen  Anne's  County, 
Md.,  September  i,  1836.  Educated  at  Centerville  Academy;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1864;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Uni- 
versity Hospital,  1864-65 ;  has  practiced  at  Church  Hill,  Queen 
Anne's  County,  Md.,  since  1865 ;  Member  of  the  Legislature,  1878. 

Weems^  Loch  L.     1801  (?).     See  list  of  1807. 

*Weems,  Loch  Leven.  1828.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland.  1827; 
practiced  and  died  in  Calvert  County,  Md.  See  lists  of  1807,  1848 
and  1853. 

*Weems,  Stephen  Decatur.  1853.  Born  in  Calvert  County,  Md., 
February  14,  1810.  Pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1833 ;  practiced  at  West  River,  Md. ;  Consul  to  Guate- 
mala, 1837,  and  married  there;  returned  to  Maryland.  Died  at 
Loch  Eden,  Md.,  June,  1869. 

*Weems,  William  M.  Censor,  1819  (American  Medical  Recorder)  ; 
1822  and  1831  {American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences).  Oi 
Charles  County,  Md.     See  list  of  1848. 

Wegefarth,  Arthur.  1892.  Born  at  Meadville,  Pa.,  July  9,  1870. 
Removed  to  Baltimore,  1880 ;  educated  at  Baltimore  City  College ; 
Dispensary  Druggist,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1888-89;  M.D., 
Baltimore    Medical    College,    1890;    Vaccine    Physician,    1892-98; 

614 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Attending  Physician,   North  East   Dispensary,   1892-99.      1207   East 
Monument   Street,   Baltimore. 

*Wegner,  August  Wilhelm.  1829.  Not  an  M.D.  Of  Baltimore.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*Weisel,  Samuel.  1833.  Born  at  Williamsport,  Md.,  May  16,  1810. 
Educated  at  Hagerstown  Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  M.  A.  Finley; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1832 ;  practiced  forty  years  at  Wil- 
liamsport, Md.  Died  at  Williamsport,  January  26,  1872.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

Welch,  Eberle  Geddings.  1891.  Born  near  Annapolis,  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Md.,  March  i,  1850.  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Balti- 
more, 1873 ;  Attending  Physician,  Home  for  the  Aged,  M.  E.  Church, 
Baltimore.     607  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Welch,  William  Henry.  1886.  Born  at  Norfolk,  Conn.,  April  8, 
1850.  A.B.,  Yale  Univers-ity,  1870;  M.D.,  Columbia  University 
(College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons),  New  York,  1875;  M.D. 
(Honorary),  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1894;  LL.D.,  Western 
Reserve  University,  1894,  Yale  University,  1896,  and  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, 1900;  tutor  in  Greek  at  Yale;  Professor  of  Pathological 
Anatomy  and  General  Pathology,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1879-84;  Professor  of  Pathology,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1884 — ;  Pathologist  to  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1889 — ;  Dean  of  the 
Medical  Faculty,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889-98 ;  President  of 
Board  of  Directors  of  Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research ; 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1891-92;  Orator,'  1887 
and  1891 ;  President,  Maryland  Public  Health  Association,  1897-98; 
"Huxley  Lecturer,"  1902;  important  work  in  Pathology,  including 
contributions  to  "Flint's  Practice,"  "Pepper's  System,"  "Allbutt's 
System,"  "Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Reports,"  etc. ;  Editor  of  the 
Journal  of  Experimental  Medicine.     935  St.  Paul  Street. 

Wells,  Charles  Augustus.  1899.  Born  in  Prince  George  County,  Md., 
November  3,  1840.  Educated  at  Bladensburg  Academy;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1862 ;  President,  Prince  George  County  Medi- 
cal Society,  1899;  Physician  to  Reform  School  of  District  of  Colum- 
bia for  twenty-two  years.     Of  Hyattsville,  Md. 

*Wells,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Moved  to  Baltimore  in  1802  (Q.). 
Of  Queen  Anne's   County,   Md. 

615 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Wells,  John  B.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823.  Of  Annapolis. 
Librarian's  book.  (It  is  there  said  that  he  resided  at  Baltimore; 
that  he  joined  after  1844,  and  was  in  the  U.  S.  A.) 

*Welsh,  John.  1817.  Born  in  Pennsylvania.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1828. 
Of  Baltimore.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead.  (Quinan  has  the  death 
of  a  J.  W.,  1822,  set.  47.) 

Welsh,  Lilian.  1895.  Born  at  Columbia,  Pa.  M.D.,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia,  1889;  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene, 
Woman's  College  of  Baltimore;  Attending  Physician,  Evening  Dis- 
pensary for  Working  Women  and  Girls.  1320  North  Charles  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Wenschoff,  Edward  William  Charles.  1832.  Of  Baltimore.  See 
Archives  and  list  of  1848. 

*West,  George  Washington.  1825  (?).  Born  in  Maryland,  March  14, 
1803.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1825.  Died  at  Petersville, 
Frederick  County,  Md.,  August  18,  1888. 

West,  Levin.  1899.  Born  near  Petersville,  Frederick  County,  Aid.,  July 
26,  1864.  Pupil  of  Dr.  G.  W.  West ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1886;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Brunswick,  Md. 

Westbrook,  Horace  Young.  1899.  Born  in  New  Jersey.  Attended 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  and  Baltimore  Uni- 
versity; M.D.,  Baltimore  University,  1890;  Associate  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Children,  Baltimore  University,  1897 — .  22)'7  Gorsuch 
Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*Wetherall,  George  H.  1826.  Born  in  1802.  Pupil  of  Dr.  S.  Baker, 
1823  ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826 ;  practiced  several  years 
in  different  sections  of  the  country,  then  settled  at  Baltimore;  Phy- 
sician to  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  1836-39.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, March  6,  1840.     See  list  of  1848. 

Wethered,  John  D.  1827.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1826;  was 
present  at  annual  convention  of  1834.  Of  Maryland.  See  list  of 
1848. 

*Wheeler,  Hezekiah.     i8og.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

616 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Whitaker,  James  S.  1898.  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1879.  Of  Cherry  Hill, 
Cecil  County,  Md. 

Whitaker,  Samuel  A.  1833-  M.D.,  University  o£  Pennsylvania,  1833- 
Of  Pennsylvania. 

*White  Alward  McKeel.  1830.  Born  at  Cambridge,  Dorchester 
County,  Md.,  September  29,  1807;  son  of  Rev.  A.  M.  White,  of  the 
M.  E.  Church.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1829 ;  practiced  for 
forty  years  in  Talbot  County  (in  the  Archives  he  is  credited  to 
Greensboro,  Caroline  County).  Died  at  Miles  River  Neck,  Tal- 
bot County,  Md.,  1884. 

*White,  Edward.  Founder.  1799.  Born  March  30,  I755,  probably  at 
the  family  seat  in  Caroline  County;  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
Driver  White.  M.B.  (his  granddaughter  states  that  he  graduated  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  at  21,  but  his  name  is  not  in  the 
Catalogue)  ;  at  the  opening  of  the  Revolution,  a  number  of  the  medi- 
cal students  in  the  Philadelphia  College  joined  a  company  and  fought 
in  the  Continental  Army.  His  grandson,  Mr.  J.  McKenny  White, 
of  Baltimore,  says  he  equipped  a  company  at  his  own  expense  and 
took  it  to  Trenton.  He  lived  and  died  at  Cambridge,  and  prac- 
ticed in  Dorchester,  Talbot,  and  Caroline  Counties.  His  grand- 
daughter. Miss  Henrietta  Le  Compte,  has  given  to  the  Faculty 
an  oil  portrait  of  him  painted  by  a  celebrated  Swiss  artist  the  year 
before  the  Doctor's  death,  when  he  was  seventy.  He  was  married 
three  times,  his  last  wife  being  Miss  Brown,  of  Kent  (iSoo). 
After  a  violent  illness  in  early  life,  he  became  a  Methodist,  and 
was  ever  afterwards  a  pillar  of  that  Church.  He  was  a  very  benev- 
olent man,  giving  much  unostentatiously.  Died  March  23,  1826,  of 
dropsy. 

*White,  Edward  Hiram.  1853.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md.,  Octo- 
ber 20,  1820;  son  of  Henry  White.  Educated  at  Washington  Aca- 
demy,'Somerset  County,  and  at  Jefferson  College,  Pa.;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1841 ;  practiced  some  years  in  Somerset 
County  and  after  that  up  to  the  period  of  his  death  at  Baltimore ; 
Attending  Physician  to  City  Almshouse,  i8S3-55 ;  retired, 
Died  at  Baltimore,  June  3,   1897.     See  Trans.,  1853-59- 


I»Q2. 


*White,  Gideon,  Jr.  1824.  Surgeon's  Mate,  U.  S.  N.,  December  10, 
1814;  Assistant  Surgeon,  May  2,  1825;  dismissed,  January  12,  1832. 
See  Treasurer's  MS.  book  and  list  of  1848. 

617 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*White,  John  Campbell.  i8oi  (?).  Born  at  Belfast,  Ireland;  son  of 
Rev.  Robert  V/hite,  a  Presbyterian  minister.  Emigrated  to  Balti- 
more in  1798,  owing  to  the  political  troubles  the  previous  year; 
educated  at  Middlesex  Hospital,  London ;  said  to  have  founded  the 
Hibernian  Society  of  Baltimore,  1803 ;  Consulting  Physician,  Bal- 
timore Plospital,  1812;  Trustee,  Baltimore  College,  1830  (Q.j.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter.  '' /    ?pj-^ 

White,  Joseph  Augustus.  1877.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  19,  1848. 
A.B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Emmitsburg,  Md.,  1867;  A.M.,  St.  Mary's 
College,  1869;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1869;  took  one  course  each  at  Ecole  de  Medecine,  Paris,  and 
the  Universities  of  Freiburg  and  Heidelberg,  completing  his  studies 
at  the  University  of  Berlin;  began  practice  at  Baltimore  in  1872; 
Vaccine  Physician,  1873:  removed  to  Richmond,  Va.,  1879;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Washington  University,  Bal- 
timore, 1872-77;  Professor  of  Ophthalmology,  etc..  University  Col- 
lege of  Medicine,  Richmond ;  Founder  in  1880,  and  Senior  Surgeon, 
Richmond  Eye,  Ear,  Throat  and  Nose  Infirmary;  Ophthalmic 
Surgeon,  Virginia  Hospital ;  President,  Richmond  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society;  President,  Virginia  Sons  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution; contributor  to^  "Burnett's  System,"  1893,  and  inventor  of 
several  instruments  in  his   specialty. 

White,  Stephen  N.  C.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1821 ;  Vice- 
President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1858-59.  Of  Montgom- 
ery County,  Md.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853,  and  Trans.,  1857. 

*White,  Stephen  B.  1828.  Born  in  Massachusetts.  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1823.  Died  in  Calvert  County,  Md.,  1830.  In  list  of 
1848  marked  dead. 

White,  Walter  Walton.  1872  (?).  Born  at  Oxford,  England,  June 
5,  1843.  Emigrated  to  Baltimore  in  1852 ;  graduated  from  the  State 
Normal  School  of  Maryland,  1867;  attended  the  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy;  one  course  at  Washington  University,  Baltimore; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870;  Vaccine  Physician,  1872;  Phy- 
sician, University  Dispensary,  1871-73 ;  Physician,  Eastern  Dispen- 
sary, 1871-80';  Physician  to-  Kelso  Orphan  Asylum,  1880-88;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon  (Ear  Department),  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat 
Hospital  for  five  years ;  Physician  to  Baltimore  City  Jail,  1887-90 ; 
Physician  to  Maryland  Penitentiary,  1890-92.  iioi  North  Broad- 
way, Baltimore. 

618 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Whiteford,  Hugh.  1802.  (Federal  Gasette,  June  25.)  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  1802;  Surgeon,  War  of  1812;  practiced  in 
northern  part  of  Harford  County.  Died  November,  1814.  See  list 
of  1848. 

*Whiteford,  Hugh  Clay.  1881.  Born  in  Harford  County,  1846;  son  of 
Hugh  C.  Whiteford.  Educated  at  the  Classical  Institute  of  Colum- 
bia, Pa.;  pupil  of  Dr.  John  K.  Lineaweaver,  of  Columbia;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1868;  after  graduating,  located  at  Dar- 
lington, Harford  County,  Md.,  where  he  practiced  until  his  death, 
November  12,  1892. 

*Whiteford,  James  K     1893.     Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  June  24, 

1848.  Educated  at  the  Military  School  of  Columbia,  Pa.,  and  Bryant 
and  Stratton's  Business  College,  Baltimore;  salesman  for  eight 
years;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1877;  Vaccine 
Physician  four  years;  Medical  Examiner,  Knights  of  the  Golden 
Eagle ;  Past  Supreme  Chief,  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  1897-98. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  December  20,  1898. 

*Whiteford,  William  D.  1833-34.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1829.    See  list  of  1848. 

Whitehead,  Alfred.     1892.  Born  at  London,  England,   September  10, 

1849.  Educated  at  King  Edward  VL's  Grammar  School,  Birming- 
ham; pupil  of  Prof.  Alexander  Fleming;  graduated  from  Queen's 
College,  Birmingham,  1871;  M.R.C.S.,  England;  Resident  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Queen's  Hospital,  1871 ;  Resident  Medical  Officer,  Bir- 
mingham and  Midland  Counties  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  1872- 
72,;  Surgeon,  Peninsular  and  Oriental  Steamship  Company,  1873-78; 
came  to  Baltimore,  1882;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children,  Balti- 
more University,  1884-89 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Clinical  Sur- 
gery, 1889-94.     1121  East  Baltimore  Street,  Baltimore. 

Whiteley,  Benjamin.  1897.  Born  at  Frederica,  Del,  September  11, 
1844;  son  of  Dr.  Albert  Whiteley,  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Wm.  G. 
Whiteley.  Graduated  at  Friends'  Central  High  School,  Philadel- 
phia ;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1867 ;  Ph.G.,  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Dela- 
ware, 1883;  Colonel  on  staff  of  Gov.  John  W.  Hall  and  Quarter- 
master-General of  Delaware ;  resides  at  Catonsville,  Md. 

*Whiteley,  William  Stevens.  Born  at  Whiteleysburg,  Caroline 
County,  Md.,  February  14,  1774.    M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 

619 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1796  (name  not  in  Catalogue)  ;  practiced  in  Caroline  County  nearly 
sixty  years.     Died  at  Baltimore,  1859.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

Whitney,  Edward  L.  1896.  Born  at  Chatham  Centre,  O.,  Novem- 
ber 8,  1870.  Educated  at  Oberlin  College ;  M.D.,  Baltimore  Medical 
College,  189s;  studied  at  University  of  Berlin,  1898;  Assistant  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Maryland  General  Hospital,  1895-96;  Demonstrator 
of  Physiology  and  Clinical  Pathology,  Baltimore  Medical  College, 
1896-98;  Associate  Professor  of  Physiological  Chemistry,  1899 — ; 
author  of  "A  Laboratory  Manual  of  Clinical  Pathology;"  resides  at 
Maryland  General  Hospital,  Baltimore. 

Whitridge,  Andrew  Henderson.  1899.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  7, 
1871.  S.B.,  Harvard,  1894;  M.D.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1898; 
Resident  Physician,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  1898-99.  1029  Cathe- 
dral Street,  Baltimore. 

*Whitridge,  John.  1821.  Born  at  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  March  23,  1793. 
Graduated  from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  1812,  taking 
A.M. ;  M.D.,  Harvard  University,  1819;  settled  at  Baltimore,  1820; 
practiced  medicine  there  fifty-three  years.  Died  at  Tiverton,  July 
23,  1878. 

Whitridge,  William.  About  1872.  Born  at  Baltimore,  1840.  A.M., 
University  of  Maryland  (School  of  Letters),  1859;  M.D.,  University 
of  Maryland,  1862.     829  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Whittaker,  James  T.  Honorary.  1894.  Born  in  Kentucky  (?), 
March  3,  1843.  A.B.,  Miami  University,  Ohio,  1863 ;  A.M.,  Miami 
University,  Ohio,  1868 ;  served  as  private  in  the  United  States  Army, 
1863 ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1865 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1866;  M.D.,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1867;  Resident 
Physician,  Cincinnati  City  Hospital,  1867;  Lecturer  on  Pathology, 
1870,  in  the  Good  Samaritan  Hospital,  Cincinnati ;  Lecturer  on  Clini- 
cal Medicine,  Good  Samaritan  Hospital,  Cincinnati,  1875 ;  Professor 
of  Physiology,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1870-80 ;  Professor  of  The- 
ory and  Practice,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1880-1900;  twice  visited 
Europe  for  study  and  had  the  personal  instruction  of  Dr.  Koch ;  on 
the  staffs  of  the  Cincinnati  and  Good  Samaritan  Hospitals ;  Presi- 
dent, Cincinnati  Academy  of  Medicine,  1887;  Orator,  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  1894.  Died  of  recurrent  intestinal  carcinoma, 
at  Cincinnati,  June  5,  1900. 

*Whittaker,  Josias  D.  1829.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1824. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  1876.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

620 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*Whittingham,  Edward  Thomas.  1853.  Born  at  New  York,  April 
22,  1831;  son  of  Right  Reverend  W.  R.  Whittingham,  P.  E.  Bishop 
of  Maryland.  A.B.,  College  of  St.  James,  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1849; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852;  settled  at  Baltimore,  but 
removed  to  Milburn  in  1854 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  A.,  1861-63 ;  resigned,  1863,  and  returned  to  New  Jersey,  and 
practiced  at  Milburn.     Died  there  October  26,  1886. 

*Whittington,  S.  B.  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  July  7,  1812;  last 
appearance  on  records  of  Navy  Department,  1815,  Sloop  "Ontario" 
(Hammersley).     See  list  of  1848. 

WiEGAND,  William  Edward.  1879.  Born  at  Baltimore,  April  25,  1853. 
Educated  at  University  of  Maryland  (School  of  Letters  and  Philo- 
sophy), and  Virginia  Military  Institute;  graduated  from  Bryant, 
Stratton  and  Sadler's  Business  College,  1871 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1876.    loii  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*WiESENTHAL,  Thomas  Van  Dyke.  1824.  Bom  at  Chestertown,  Md., 
1790;  son  of  Andrew  Wiesenthal.  Attended  lectures.  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  i8ii;  M.D. ;  Surgeon-Major,  U.  S.  A.,  Sixth  In- 
fantry, July  16,  1813;  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  Decem- 
ber 10,  1814;  withdrew  from  the  service,  1829  (Hammersley).  Died 
■it  Portsmouth,  Va.,  March  21,  1833.     See  Treasurer's  MS.  book. 

Wiley,  W.  W.  1899.  Born  near  Cecilton,  Cecil  County,  Md.,  July  20, 
1849.  Educated  at  Charlotte  Hall,  St.  Mary's  County,  Md.;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1871 ;  Member  of  State  Examining  Board 
since  its  organization,  January,   1892.     Of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Wiley,  Zephaniah  K.  1891.  Born  in  North  Carolina,  November  7, 
1843  ;  reared  in  Mississippi.  A.B.,  University  of  Mississippi ;  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  C.  S.  A. ;  settled  in  Texas  after  the  War ;  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Williamson  County,  Tex. ;  attended  medical  lectures  at 
St.  Louis;  came  to  Baltimore  in  1872;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1874;  Physician  to  Maternite,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical 
College;  Professor  of  Anatom}^,  Baltimore  University,  1884;  later, 
Professor  of  Obstetrics,  Baltimore  University;  Dean,  Baltimore 
University.     724  North  Carey  Street,  Baltimore. 

*Wilhelm,  James  T.  About  1872.  Born  at  Leonardtown,  Md.,  1839. 
Lieutenant,  C.  S.  A.,  First  Maryland  Regiment ;  M.D. ;  Vaccine 
Physician,  1872-73.  Died  at  Baltimore,  December  26,  1882.  See 
Trans.,  1873. 

621 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

WiLKiNS,  George  Lawson.  1892.  Born  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  Decem- 
ber 15,  1849.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1870;  Vaccine  Physi- 
cian, 1872-75 ;  Coroner,  Eastern  District,  1880-83 ;  Physician,  City 
Jail;  Grand  Medical  Examiner,  A.  O.  U.  W.  6  North  Broadway, 
Baltimore. 

*WiLKiNS,  Henry.  Born  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  1767;  son  of  Joseph  Wil- 
kins.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1793;  Lecturer  on  Botany, 
University  of  Maryland,  1813-18;  Treasurer,  Medical  and  Chirurgi- 
cal  Faculty  of  Maryland,  1803-07;  Trustee,  University  of  Maryland, 
1826-39;  Surgeon-Major,  Thirty-ninth  Regiment  of  Maryland  Mili- 
tia, 1810;  author  of  "The  Family  Adviser,"  first  edition,  1793;  second 
edition,  i2mo,  Philadelphia,  1795;  fourth  edition,  i6mo.  New  York, 
1804;  author  of  "Methodical  Nosology"  (translated  from  Cullen), 
8vo,  Philadelphia,  1793.     Died  in  Baltimore  County,  Md.,  1847. 

*WiLKiNS,  Joseph.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September  21,  1823 ;  son 
of  Joseph  Wilkins.  Graduated  at  Newark  College,  Delaware;  pupil 
of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1847;  studied 
at  Paris,  two  and  a  half  years ;  Chief  of  Clinique  of  Desmarres,  Eye 
and  Ear;  Recording  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
1855-56;  abandoned  medicine  and  devoted  himself  to  mining  inter- 
ests in  North  Carolina.  Died  at  Baltimore,  February  5,  1902.  See 
lists  of  1853  and  1873. 

*WiLKiNS0N,  Joseph.  M.D'.  ;  never  practiced.  Of  Calvert  County,  Md. 
In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

Williams,  Arthur.  1897.  Born  at  South  River,  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  July  7,  1853.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1879;  Sur- 
geon, Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad;  Medical  Examiner  of  New 
York  Mutual  and  other  Life  Insurance  Societies.     Of  Elkridge,  Md. 

Williams,  Edmond  Jones.  1885.  Born  in  Cumberland  County,  N.  C, 
August  16,  1841.  Educated  at  Donalson  Academy,  Fayetteville, 
N.  C. ;  First  Lieutenant,  C.  S.  A. ;  one  course  at  Charleston  Medical 
College;  M.D.,  Washington  University,  Baltimore,  1868;  Assistant 
Superintendent,  House  of  Refuge,  Baltimore,  five  years ;  Vaccine 
Physician.     11 14   South   Chesapeake   Street,   Baltimore. 

Williams,  Elijah.  1894.  Born  at  Armiger,  Anne  Arundel  County, 
Md.,  September  26,  1847.  Educated  at  West  River  Classical  Insti- 
tute ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1869 ;  County  Treasurer,  Anne 
Arundel  County,  1894-98;  State  Senator,  1899;  resides  at  Armi- 
ger, Md. 

622 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*WiLLiAMS,  Isaac.  1824.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1820.  Of 
Virginia.     See  list  of  1848. 

Williams,  John  F.  1830.  Licentiate  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
Of  Salisbury,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853- 

Williams,  John  M.  1884.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1854 
("N.  C").  Of  Lonaconing.  See  Polk,  1886  (last  notice  in  Polk's 
Directory). 

Williams,  John  Whitridge.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  January  26, 
1865.  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1886;  M.D.  and  Examina- 
tion Medalist,  University  of  Maryland,  1888;  Assistant  in  Gynae- 
cology, Johns  Hopkins  University,  1889-93 ;  Associate  in  Obstetrics, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1893-96;  Associate  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics, Johns  Hopkins  University,  1896-99;  Professor  of  Obstetrics, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  1899 — ;  Gynsecologist,  Union  Protestant 
Infirmary,  1895-97;  organized  the  Obstetrical  Department  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University  and  Hospital.  11 28  Cathedral  Street, 
Baltimore. 

*WiLLiAMS,  Philip  C.  Born  near  Winchester,  Va.,  August  15,  1828. 
Educated  at  Winchester  Academy;  attended  lectures  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland;  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1850;  in 
Europe,  1851-53;  Attending  Physician,  Baltimore  General  Dispen- 
sary, 1854-57;  Physician,  Baltimore  County  Almshouse,  1857-60; 
President,  Baltimore  Medical  Association,  1867-68;  a  Founder, 
and  President,  Clinical  Society  of  Maryland,  1873-75 ;  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1876-77;  President,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1872-73;  President,  Pathological  Society 
of  Baltimore,  1873-74.    Died  at  Baltimore,  November  21,  1896. 

Williams,  Thomas  H.  1892.  Born  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  July 
13,  1829.  Educated  at  Washington  Academy,  Princess  Anne,  Som- 
erset County,  Md. ;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  March  2,  1849 ;  Medical  Director,  Army  of  Utah, 
under  Gen.  Albert  Sydney  Johnston,  1857-58;  resigned,  June  i,  1861 ; 
Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Medical  Director,  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia;  Medical  Director  and  Inspector  of  Hospitals  in  Virginia; 
Assistant  Surgeon-General,  1863-65 ;  returned  to  Maryland  and 
has  been  practicing  in  Cambridge  ever  since ;  on  the  Staff  of  the 
United  Charities  Hospital,  Cambridge,  Md.,  1898 — . 

Williams,  Thomas  M.  1832.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1832. 
Of  Montgomery  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

40  623 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

^Williams,  William.  B.A.,  St.  John's  College,  between  1811  and  1822; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1823.  Of  Calvert  County,  Md.  Died 
somewhere  about  1840.    See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*WiLLiAMS,  William  Perkins,  1826.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1822;  Delegate  to  American  Medical  Association,  1847.  Of 
Anamesex,  Somerset  County,  Md. ;  removed  to  Louisiana  and  died 
there.     See  list  of 


*WiLLiAMS0N,  George.'  1801  (?).  Born  in  Virginia  (Q.).  Resided 
at  Baltimore  in  1805 ;  Honorary  Member  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
Baltimore;  author  of  "Observations  on  Anomalous  and  Irregular 
Diseases,"  letter  to  Philadelphia  Medical  Museum,  1808 ;  Member 
of  the  City  Council,  1821 ;  edited  "The  Principles  of  Health,"  by 
EtienneTourtelle,  2  vols.,  8vo,  Baltimore,  1819  (Trans.).  See  lists 
of  1807  and  1848;  marked  dead  in  the  latter.  Marked  dead  in  Dr. 
Fonerden's  corrected  list  of  1837. 

Willing,  James  Elerick.  1892.  Born  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Mary- 
land, August  9,  1866.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1890;  Post- 
graduate Course  in  Pathology,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ;  Demon- 
strator of  Anatomy,  Baltimore  University.  871  Harlem  Avenue, 
Baltimore. 

*WiLLES,  William.  1822.  Born  in  1800  (Q.).  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1818;  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  Carroll  County.  Died  in 
Carroll  County,  Md.,  1841   (Q.).     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*Wills,  Francis  Reed.  1828.  Born  at  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County, 
Md.,  April  25,  1803 ;  son  of  John  B.  Wills.  Educated  at  Mount  St. 
Mary's  College,  Emmitsburg,  Md. ;  pupil  of  Drs.  Johnson  and  Pla- 
ter ;  later,  of  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Wright,  of  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1828;  at  Baltimore  Almshouse  one  year;  then 
settled  in  practice  at  Port  Deposit,  where  he  continued  to  practice 
until  his  retirement;  married  first,  Catherine  Fowke,  second,  Olivia 
Hughes.    Died  June  22,  1872.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

*Wills,  Samuel  E.  1880.  Born  in  New  Jersey,  1823 ;  moved  to  Vir- 
ginia. M.D.,  Jefferson,  1844;  located  in  practice  near  Manchester, 
Chesterfield  County,  Va. ;  practiced  there  for  three  years ;  moved 
to  Cecilton,  Md.,  1847;  subsequently  resided  at  Earlville,  Cecil 
County ;  largely  interested  in  agricultural  pursuits ;  Registrar  of 
St.  Stephen's  P.  E.  Church ;  practiced  until  his  death.  Died  July, 
1886. 

624 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*WiLLSON,  Otho.  i8i2.  Ccnsor,  Montgomery  County,  1830.  M.D. 
(Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1834;  Censor,  1819  and  1840. 
Of  Rockville,  Montgomery  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*WiLLS0Nj  Thomas.  Born  at  "Greenwood,"  Queen  Anne's  County, 
Md.,  September  28,  1778;  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bennet  Willson,  who 
took  M.D.  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  Educated  at  Long 
Branch  School;  pupil  of  Dr.  James  M.  Anderson,  of  Cambridge, 
Md. ;  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania ;  began 
practice  near  Queenstown,  Md.,  but  removed  to  Trumpington,  Kent 
County;  practiced  only  a  few  years  as  he  had  inherited  many 
farms  and  wished  to  be  free  to  manage  his  large  estate.  Died  July, 
1859. 

*VViLLSON,  William  Greenbury  Goldsborough.  1849.  Born  at  Easton, 
Md.,  November  26,  1818.  Educated  at  Easton  Academy ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1838 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  Decem- 
ber 9,  1839;  resigned,  September  8,  1843  (Hammersley)  ;  resided 
for  a  while  at  Baltimore.  Died  at  "Evergreen,"  near  Easton,  Octo- 
ber 21,  1894. 

WiLMER,  Simon.    See  list  of  1848. 

Wilson,  Henry  Merryman.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore,  February  2,  1829. 
A.  B.,  Dickinson,  1848;  A.M.,  Dickinson,  1851 ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1850;  Secretary,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1859- 
Ti;  Vice-President,  1873-74;  President,  1874-75;  President,  Alumni 
Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1886-87;  Physician  to  Aged 
Men's  and  Aged  Women's  Homes.  1008  Madison  Avenue,  Balti- 
more. 

*WiLS0N,  Henry  Parke  Custis.  1853.  Born  at  Workington,  Somer- 
set County,  Md.,  March  5,  1827.  A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1848; 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  185 1 ;  Physician  to  Baltimore  Alms- 
house; Gynaecologist,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary;  President,  Balti- 
more Academy  of  Medicine,  1880-81 ;  Assistant  Secretary,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty;  Vice-President,  1879-80;  President,  1880- 
81  ;  President,  Alumni  Association,  University  of  Maryland,  1891- 
92;  President,  American  Gj-nsecological  Society.  Died  at  Balti- 
more, December  27,   1897. 

*WiLS0N,  Horace.  Censor,  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  1840.  Died  at 
Clarksburg,  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  October  5,  1848.  See  lists 
of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

625 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*WiLSON,  Isaac.  1819.  M.D.  See  list  of  1848.  (There  is  a  "Wilson, 
Isaac  M.,  S.  C,  1810,"  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.) 

WiLSON_,  Jacob  Jones.  1890.  Born  in  Allegany  County,  Md.,  Septem- 
ber 15,  1848;  son  of  James  Wilson.  Educated  at  Normal  School; 
pupil  of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  McCormick;  M.D.,  Washington  University, 
1871 ;  has  practiced  at  Cumberland  ever  since;  U.  S.  Pension  Sur- 
geon, 1872-81;  President  of  staff  of  Western  Maryland  Hospital; 
Member  City  Council  (two  years)  ;  President  of  Association  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,   Cumberland,   Md. 

*WiLS0N,  James.  iSio.  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1810.  Of 
Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.  In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 
(James  S.  Wilson,  Md.,  took  M.D.  at  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1841.) 

Wilson,  Lot  Ridgely.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  9,  1858;  son  of 
John  W.  Wilson.  Graduated  at  Milton  Academy,  Baltimore  County, 
1876;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1880.  1735  Hollins  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Wilson,  Robert  Taylor.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  June  16,  i860. 
Educated  at  the  Episcopal  High  School  and  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia; M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1881 ;  studied  in  Europe,  1882 
and  1889;  Gynaecologist,  Union  Protestant  Infirmary  and  Home  for 
Incurables ;  Physician  to  St.  Vincent's  Hospital ;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician, Hospital  for  Consumptives ;  Medical  Examiner,  Manhattan 
Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York;  Surgeon  of  the  Hospital 
for  the  Women  of  Maryland,  1898 — ;  Assistant  Recording  Secre- 
tary, Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty ;  President,  Hospital  Relief 
Association  of  Maryland,   1897 — .     820   Park  Avenue,   Baltimore. 

Wilson,  S.  Kennedy.  1899.  Born  at  Boonsboro,  Md.,  March  29,  1859. 
Educated  at  Boonsboro  High  School ;  M.D.,  University  of  Mary- 
land, 1879;  practiced  at  Boonsboro  fourteen  years  and  for  the  last 
five  years  at  Tilghman,  Md. 

*WiLS0N,  William  M.  B.  1822.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1821 ; 
gave  up  medicine  for  business.  Of  Frederick  City,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1848  and  1853. 

Wiltshire,  James  Gerard.  1879.  Born  in  Jefferson  County,  Va.  (now 
West  Virginia),  September  2$,  1843.  In  the  drug  business,  1859-61; 
in  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Lieutenant,  Mosby's  Battalion;  studied  medi- 

.       626 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cine  at  the  Universities  of  Virginia  and  Maryland;  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1869;  practiced  in  West  Virginia  and  at  Funks- 
town,  Md. ;  moved  to  Baltimore,  1873;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1874-81;  Lecturer 
on  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Medical  College,  1893-98;  Lecturer  on 
Operative  Surgery,  1898 — ;  Physician  to  Baltimore  Orphan  Asylum, 
Baptist  Orphanage  and  Christian  Home;  Coroner.  819  North 
Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore. 

*WiNDER,  Thomas  Jones.  1801  (?).  Surgeon  U.  S.  N.,  September 
24,  1799;  resigned,  date  unknown  (Hammersley).  See  lists  of  1807 
and  1848. 

Windsor,  Samuel  J.  1892.  Born  at  Dames  Quarter,  Md.,  September 
15,  1863.  A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md.,  1882;  A.M., 
Washington  College,  Chestertown,  Md.,  1894;  M.D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Baltimore,  1886.     Of  Dames  Quarter,  Md. 

WiNGATE,  William  L.  1850.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1845; 
Certificate  of  Examining  Board  of  Eastern  Shore  (Archives).  Of 
Dorchester  County,  Md. 

WiNSEY,  Whitfield.  1882.  Born  at  Baltimore,  September,  1842. 
Attended  private  schools ;  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar,  1867 ;  M.D., 
Harvard,  1871 ;  began  practice  at  Baltimore,  1872 ;  the  iirst  colored 
man  elected  to  membership  in  the  Faculty;  elected  member  of  the 
Clinical  Society  of  Maryland,  1883 ;  Delegate  to  the  International 
Medical  Congress  at  Washington;  author  of  several  papers  before 
the  above  societies;  on  the  staff  of  the  Provident  Hospital.  1220 
East  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

*WiNSL0W,  Caleb.  Born  in  Perquimans  County,  N.  C,  January  24, 
1824;  son  of  Nathan  Winslow.  Graduated  at  Haverford  College, 
Pa. ;  engaged  in  teaching  and  surveying ;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1849;  acquired  a  large  surgical  practice;  he  performed 
the  operation  of  lithotomy  ninety-nine  times  with  but  one  death; 
also  successfully  trephined  the  skull  in  a  case  of  epilepsy;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  North  Caro- 
lina, 1859;  after  practicing  at  Hertford,  N.  C,  some  years,  removed 
to  Baltimore,  1866.     Died  at  Baltimore,  June  13,  1895. 

I 

Winslow,  John  Randolph.     1888.    Born  at  Baltimore,  June  10,  1866; 

son  of  Dr.  Caleb  Winslow.     A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1886 ; 

M.D.,   University  of   Maryland,    1888;    Assistant  Demonstrator   of 

627 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Anatomy,  Woman's  Medical  College,  Baltimore,  1888-89;  Lecturer 
on  Chemistry,  1888-90;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  1890-93 ;  Professor  of  Physiology,  and  Clinical 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,  Woman's  Medical 
College,  1893-94;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and 
Nose,  Woman's  Medical  College,  1894-96;  Chief  of  the  Clinic  of 
Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,  University  of  Maryland;  Throat 
Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital.  924  McCul- 
loh  Street,  Baltimore. 

WiNSLOW,  Randolph.  1876.  Born  at  Hertford,  N.  C,  October  23, 
1852;  son  of  Dr.  Caleb  Winslow.  A.B.,  Haverford  College, 
1871;  A.M.,  Haverford,  1874;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1873 ;  Lecturer  in  the  Spring  Course,  1877 !  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland,  1880-86;  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery, Woman's  Medical  College,  of  Baltimore,  1882-93 ;  Dean, 
Woman's  Medical  College,  1890-92 ;  Professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Clinical  Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1891-1902;  Professor  of 
Surgery,  University  of  Maryland,  1902 — ;  Professor  of  Operative 
Surgery  and  Topographic  Anatomy,  Baltimore  Polyclinic,  1884; 
Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland, 
1896-97 ;  work  in  General  Surgery.  1900  Mount  Royal  Terrace, 
Baltimore. 

WiNTERNiTZ,  L.  Charles.  1874.  Born  in  Bohemia,  Austria,  January 
18,  1843 ;  son  of  Matthew  Winternitz.  Educated  in  literature  at  the 
University  of  Prague ;  M.D.,  University  of  Vienna,  1865 ;  Resident 
Physician,  Hebrew  Hospital,  Baltimore,  for  five  years  from  its 
foundation  (1868-73)  ;  Medical  Examiner,  Metropolitan  Life  Insur- 
ance Company,  1869 — .     25  South  Eden  Street,  Baltimore. 

WiNTERSON,  Charles  Ritchie.  1892.  Born  at  West  River,  Md.,  August 
24,  1847.  Educated  at  Dickinson  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1871 ;  has  practiced  ever  since  at  Elkridge,  Anne  Arun- 
del County,  Md. 

*WiNWOOD,  B.  1820.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1820.  Of  Dayton, 
O.     See  list  of  1848. 

Wise  Edward  Martin.  1879.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  9,  1858.  Edu- 
cated at  Steuart  Hall  Academy,  Baltimore ;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1878.     706  North  Howard  Street,  Baltimore. 

Wiss,  Edward.  1850.  Born  in  Europe.  M.D.  ("A  regular  graduate 
of  European  medical  school  and  sustained  a  satisfactory  examina- 

628 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tion  before  your  Board" — Report  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the 
Western  Shore,  June  i,  1850.)  See  Archives  and  lists  of  1853  and 
1873. 

*WissLEE,  Charles  H.  1892.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  4,  1863 
son  of  Emil  Wissler.  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  1883 
M.D.,  Bahimore  Medical  College,  1891 ;  "Physician  and  Druggist.' 
Died  at  Baltimore,  April  28,  1894. 

Wolf,  William  B.  1898.  Born  in  Germany,  May  2,  1869.  Educated 
at  Freiburg,  Germany;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Bahimore,  1896;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Pathology,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  Assistant  in  Berlin  Poliklinik  for  Genito- 
urinary Diseases,  1900;  Visiting  Physician,  Bayview  Asylum;  prac- 
tice limited  to  Genito-urinary  Diseases  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin. 
13  West  Fi-anklin  Street,  Baltimore. 

*WoLFF,  Frederick.  i8oi(?).  M.D.  Of  Baltimore,  Md.  See  lists  of 
1807  and  1848. 

*WooD,  Gerard.  Founder.  1799.  Surgeon's  Mate  in  the  Revolution, 
Smallwood's  Brigade,  under  Dr.  John  Parnham;  served  one  and 
a  half  years,  to  1783;  Member  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati 
(McSherry's  "History  of  Maryland")  ;  resided  at  Allen's  Fresh, 
Charles  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1807,  1848  and  i8S3- 

Wood,  Peter  Bryson.  1893.  Born  at  Erie,  Pa.,  February  22,  1859; 
son  of  Dr.  W.  M.  Wood.  Came  to  Maryland,  1866;  educated  at 
St.  John's  College;  pupil  of  his  father  one  year,  and  preliminary 
Medical  Course,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1879-81 ;  M.D.,  Colum- 
bian University,  Washington,  D.  C,  1883;  practiced  at  Wash- 
ington; Civil  Assistant,  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  1881-83; 
Assistant  to  Dr.  A.  P.  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  1883;  Police  Surgeon, 
Baltimore,  1888-97;  City  Railroad  Surgeon,  1886-98;  Assistant  in 
Genito-urinary  Department,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1891-95. 
1208  Mount  Royal  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

*WooD,  William  Maxwell.  1833.  Born  in  Maryland,  May  21,  1809; 
son  of  John  Wood  of  Scotland.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland, 
1829;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1829;  Surgeon,  1838;  Fleet 
Surgeon,  1856-58,  1861-65;  President,  Examining  Board,  1868;  Sur- 
geon-General, 1869-71 ;  retired,  1871 ;  resided  at  Baltimore  and  was 
a  regular  reader  at  the  Library,  1833-48  (Librarian's  book).  Died 
at  Owings'  Mills,  ]\Id.,  March  i,  1880.     See  list  of  1848. 

629 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Woods,  Hiram,  Jr.  1888.  Born  at  Baltimore,  November  11,  1857. 
A.B.,  Princeton  College,  1879;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1882; 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  Woman's  Medical  Col- 
lege, Baltimore,  1888-95 ;  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear,  University  of  Maryland,  1895 — ;  Surgeon,  Presbyterian 
Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital.     842  Park  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Woodward,  James  S.  1898.  Born  at  Washington,  D.  C,  July  25,  1855. 
Educated  at  Gonzaga  College,  Washington,  and  Holy  Cross  College, 
Worcester,  Mass. ;  M.D.,  Columbian  University,  Washington,  1880 ; 
in  the  Government  Service  among  the  Indians  for  seven  and  a  half 
years;  settled  at  Sparrows  Point,  Baltimore  County,  1887;  Assist- 
ant and  Resident  Surgeon  and  Physician,  Maryland  Steel  Company; 
resides  at  Sparrows  Point. 

*Woodward,  Joseph  Janvier.  Honorary.  1879.  Born  at  Philadel- 
phia, 1834.  A.B.,  Philadelphia  Central  High  School,  1850;  A.M., 
Philadelphia  Central  High  School,  1855 ;  M.D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1853 ;  practiced  in  Pennsylvania ;  Assistant  Surgeon 
U.  S.  A. ;  later,  Surgeon ;  and  still  later,  Surgeon-General ;  Vice- 
President,  American  Medical  Association,  1875 ;  attended  President 
Garfield ;  edited  "Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the  Rebellion,"  4 
vols.,  4to.     Died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  August  18,  1884. 

*Woodworth,  John  Maynard.  Honorary.  1879.  Born  at  Big  Flats, 
Chemung  County,  N.  Y.,  August  15,  1837.  Educated  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago;  studied  Pharmacy;  M.D.,  Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1862 ;  in  1865  studied  in  hospitals  of  Berlin  and  Vienna ; 
settled  at  Chicago,  1866;  a  Founder  of  the  American  Public  Health 
Association,  1872;  President  of  the  Alumni  Association,  Chicago 
Medical  College,  1870;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-63;  Sur- 
geon, 1863 ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Chicago  Medical  College, 
1866;  Surgeon,  Soldiers'  Home,  and  Sanitary  Inspector,  Chicago 
Board  of  Health,  1868 ;  Supervising  Surgeon-General,  Marine  Hos- 
pital Service,  1871-79;  Editor,  Bulletin  of  Public  Health;  author, 
"Annual  Reports  of  the  Marine  Hospital  Service."  Died  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  March  14,  1879.     See  Trans.,  1879. 

*WooLFORD,  John.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Somerset  County,  Md., 
1760.  Censor,  1840.  "A  man  of  stei'ling  worth  and  great  influence" 
(Toner).  Died  near  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  County,  Md.,  Novem- 
ber IS,  1836.  (Ex-Gov.  Robert  E.  Pattison,  of  Pennsylvania,  his 
great-nephew,  says  he  was  brother  of  Col.  Thomas  Woolford,  of 
the  Maryland  Line  in  the  Revolution,  and  died  unmarried.) 

;  630 


NATHAN    R.    SMITH 

1 797- 1 877. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*WooLFORD,  Thomas.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1816.  Of  Marsh 
Creek,  Dorchester  County,  Md.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*WooTTON,  John.  1801.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md.,  Sep- 
tember 12,  1782;  son  of  Richard  Wootton  and  brother  of  Turner 
Wootton.  Pupil  of  Dr.  Rush ;  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  Prof.  N.  Potter  speaks  of  a  "Mr.  Wooton"  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1801 ;  practiced  at  Rockville,  Mont- 
gomery County,  all  his  life;  wrote  extensively  for  the  medical  jour- 
nals. Died  June  27,  1840.  See  Trans.,  1856  and  lists  of  1807,  1848 
and  1853. 

*WooTTON,  Richard.  1831-32.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
April  23,  1807;  son  of  Dr.  John  Wootton.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  183 1 ;  moved  to  Mississippi,  1835  (soon  after  mar- 
riage), and  practiced  there  until  his  death,  June  20,  1840.  See  lists 
of  1848  and  1853. 

*WooTTON,  Turner.  Born  near  Rockville,  Md.,  February  14,  1797;  son 
of  Richard  Wootton.  Educated  at  Rockville  Academy ;  student  of 
Dr.  Potter;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  settled  in  prac- 
tice in  Queen  Anne's  County,  Md.,  later  moving  to  Prince  George 
County ;  Member  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  for  two  years ; 
his  health  failing,  he  returned  to  Rockville,  where  he  practiced  until 
his  death,  September  18,  1855.     See  lists  of  1848  and  1853. 

*WooTTON,  William  Turner.  1892.  Born  in  Montgomery  County,  Md., 
November  21,  1822;  son  of  Dr.  John  Wootton.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1846;  practiced  at  Clarksburg,  Montgomery  County, 
until  1850,  when  he  moved  to  Frederick,  Md. ;  never  married. 
Died  at  Frederick,  September  14,  1896. 

*WoRRELL,  Edward.  Founder.  1799.  Born  near  Chestertown,  Kent 
County,  Md.,  April  3,  1763;  son  of  William  Worrell,  of  "Fairy 
Meadows."  Educated  at  the  Free  School,  Chestertown;  medical 
student  of  Dr.  Bordley;  attended  lectures  at  Philadelphia;  com- 
menced practice  at  Chestertown,  1784;  in  1796,  by  the  death  of  his 
brother,  he  inherited  the  paternal  estate  near  Chestertown,  and  re- 
moved thither.  "Of  commanding  appearance,  six  feet  in  height 
and  inclined  to  obesity,  handsome  face,  courteous,  affable  and  dig- 
nified bearing;  a  great  reader,  and  though  engaged  in  a  large 
practice,  he  kept  up  with  the  progress  of  medical  science  and  general 
literature.  He  was  passionately  fond  of  agriculture  and  combined 
the  two  pursuits.    He  was  regarded  as  superior  to  most  of  his  com- 

631 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

peers."  He  trained  several  eminent  physicians — P.  Wroth,  M. 
Brown,  Henry  Page,  John  Groome  and  others.  Died  Octoljer  i8, 
1804.     (Wroth,  Trans.,  1873.) 

*WoRRELL,  Edward  H.  1815.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.  Surgeon's 
Mate,  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  Maryland  Militia,  1814;  M.D., 
University  of  Maryland,  1815.     Died  in  Kent  County,  Md. 

*WoRT,  A.  M.     1821.     In  list  of  1848  marked  dead. 

*WoRTHiNGTON,  Charles.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  "Summer  Hill," 
near  Annapolis,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  October  9,  1759.  Pupil 
of  Dr.  James  Murray,  of  Annapolis;  M.B.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, 1782;  settled  at  Georgetown,  1783;  Surgeon  to  four  barges, 
"Maryland  Flotilla;"  captured  by  Nally  in  the  Chesapeake  Bay, 
1782;  Incorporator  and  President,  Medical  Society  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  1817-29.  He  was  the  leading  physician  of  George- 
town.    Died  at  Georgetown,  D.  C,   September  10,  1836. 

*Worthington,  Charles  G.  1808.  Born  in  Maryland,  1786.  Died  at 
Elkridge,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  October  27,  1840.  See  Med- 
ical and  Physical  Recorder  and  list  of  1848. 

*Worthington,  James  Chater  (or  Chester).  1854.  Born  in  Mary- 
land. M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1848.  Died  in  Ohio.  See 
Treasurer's  Book. 

*WoRTHiNGTON,  JoHN.  1801  (?).  Born  in  1738.  Health  Officer  of  Balti- 
more, 1793.  Died  April,  1814  (inlscription  on  tomb,  St.  Paul's 
Graveyard).     See  list  of  1807. 

WoRTHiNGTON,  JosEPH  MusE.  1898.  Born  at  "Belvoir,"  on  the  Severn 
River,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  December  i6,  1846.  Educated 
at  the  School  of  Letters  and  Science,  University  of  Maryland, 
and  in  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College ;  Ph.G.,  Maryland  College 
of  Pharmacy,  1868;  pupil  of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith;  M.D.,  University  of 
Mar}rland,  1872;  in  1873,  suggested  general  bovine  vaccination,  and, 
in  1877,  suggested  Contagious  and  Infectious  Disease  Act  for  the 
Public  Schools;  Health  Officer  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  and  Phy- 
sician to  the  County  Jail,  1892-1900;  in  1872,  invented  anaesthesia 
table,  and  in  1876,  a  prescription  counter;  practices  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland. 

*WoRTHiNGTON,  Samuel  B.  i8iS.  See  Treasurer's  book,  MS.  Archives, 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 

632 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*WoRTHiNGTON,  Thomas.  Father  of  Dr.  Joshua  H.  Worthington,  of 
Philadelphia,  later,  of  Baltimore  County.  M.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  1808;  settled  at  once  to  practice  in  Harford  County, 
at  Glenville,  Deer  Creek;  Censor,  Harford  County,  1826  and  1840; 
he  belonged  to  the  Society  of  Friends.  Died  at  Glenville,  July  4, 
1855.     See  lists  of  1848,  1853  and  1873. 

Worthington,  Thomas  Chew.  1892.  Born  in  Baltimore  County,  Md., 
October  19,  1854.  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1876;  Resident 
Physician,  University  Hospital.     1022  Madison  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Wriden,  Thomas.    See  list  of  1848. 

Weight,  Reginald  N.  1850.  Born  in  Maryland  (?).  M.D.,  Jefferson 
("Md."),   1844.     Of  Baltimore.     See  list  of  1853. 

*Wright,  Robert.  1822.  Born  near  Centerville,  Md.,  1800.  Graduated 
from  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  West  Point,  and  Lieutenant  Artillery, 
U.  S.  A. ;  disbanded,  1821 ;  served  in  Maryland  Legislature  one 
term ;  twice  married.  Died  at  Centerville,  Md.,  April  30,  1884.  See 
lists  of  1848  and  i8S3- 

Wright,  T.  A.  1892.  M.D.  (There  was  a  "Thomas  A.  Wright,"  at 
Butler,   Pa.— Polk,   1898.) 

*Wright,  Thomas  H.  1809.  (Examined  for  license  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  by  Dr.  E.  Martin.)  Born  at  New  York  (?).  Surgeon's 
Mate,  Baltimore  Battalion,  1813;  M.D.  (Honorary),  University  of 
Maryland,  1819;  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York,  1823 ;  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy,  University  of  Maryland, 
1831,  but  resigned  without  lecturing;  Attending  Physician,  Balti- 
more Almshouse,  1829-33  (1829-34— Q-) ;  author  of  "Sketch  of 
Malignant  Epidemic  Prevailing  in  Maryland,"  8vo,  Baltimore,  i8i5- 
Died  at  Baltimore,  1856.  (According  to  Dr.  F.  Donaldson,  died 
in  1847.) 

*  Wroth,  Peregrine.  1805  (?).  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  April  7, 
1786.  Graduated  at  Washington  College,  Chestertown;  student  of 
Dr.  Edward  Worrell,  1803-04,  and  of  Dr.  M.  Brown,  1804-07; 
attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  M.D. 
(Honorary),  University  of  Maryland,  1841 ;  began  practice  at  Ches- 
tertown. 1807,  as  partner  of  Dr.  Brown;  removed  to  Baltimore  in 
1868:  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Washington  College,  Chestertown, 
1846-54;  later.  President  of  the  Board  of  Visitors;  a  Founder  of 

633 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  American  Medical  Association  and  the  College  of  Pharmacy, 
Baltimore;  Vice-President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1848- 
51,  1853-54,  and  1856-57;  signs  a  diploma  as  President,  1849-50. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  June  13,  1879. 

*Weoth,  Thomas  G.  Born  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  1814.  M.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  1837 ;  practiced  in  Kent  County  till  1868,  then 
moving  to  Baltimore  and  engaging  in  mercantile  business.  Died  at 
Baltimore,  June,   1888. 

Wroth,  William  Jackson.  1852.  Born  at  Chestertown,  Md.,  March 
12,  1830.  A.B.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  1849;  later, 
A.M.,  Washington  College,  Chestertown ;  Founder  of  "Rush  Club ;" 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1852 ;  has  practiced  at  Baltimore  ever 
since  until  recently;  Senior  Grand  Warden,  Grand  Lodge  Masons, 
1863-64;  Vaccine  Physician,  1861  and  1873;  retired  from  practice. 
1729  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

WuNDER,  Joseph  C.  1891.  Born  at  Baltimore,  October  18,  1865. 
M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1889 ;  Chief  of  Surgical  Clinic, 
Woman's  Medical  College ;  Vaccine  Physician,  three  terms.  1075 
West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore. 

Wylie^  Hamilton  Boyd.  1881.  Born  at  Baltimore,  May  5,  1855 ;  son 
of  Samuel  F.  Wylie.  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  1876;  M.D.,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1878; 
Resident  Student,  Bayview  Asylum,  16  months ;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Marine  Hospital  Service,  one  year;  Assistant  in  Diseases 
of  the  Skin,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  six  years.  303  Roberts  Street, 
Baltimore. 

Wyman,  Walter.  1882.  Born  at  St.  Louis,  August  17,  1848.  Gradu- 
ated from  the  City  University,  St.  Louis,  1866;  A.B.,  Amherst,  1870; 
later,  A.Ad:.,  Amherst ;  M.D.,  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  1873 ;  in  the 
city  hospitals,  1873-75 ',  Assistant  Surgeon,  Marine  Hospital  Service, 
1876;  Surgeon-General,  Marine  Hospital  Service,  1891 — ;  LL.D., 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1897 ;  has  charge  of  twenty- 
two'  marine  hospitals  and  a  large  number  of  relief  stations,  giving 
relief  to  more  than  50,000  sailors  of  the  American  Merchant 
Marine ;  is  charged  with  the  administration  of  National  Quarantine 
Stations.     "The  Richmond,"  Washington,  D.  C. 

Wyse,  William  P.  E.  1894.  Born  at  "Deer  Park,"  near  Pikesville, 
Baltimore  County,  Md.,  June  2,   1866.     Educated  at  City  College, 

634 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Baltimore;  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1886;  Resident  Physician, 
Bayview  Hospital,  1886-87;  Assistant  Visiting  Physician,  Mount 
Hope  Retreat;  Surgeon,  Pikesville  Soldiers'  Home,  1891— ;  resides 
at  Pikesville,  Md. 

*Wyvill,  Walter.  Born  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Md.,  March  4,  1781. 
A.M.,  St.  Johns7  1798;  Surgeon  to  ship  "Missouri"  (by  recommen- 
dation of  Dr.  Rush),  an  armed  trading  vessel,  in  which  he  cruised 
three  years  without  loss  of  a  man;  returned  to  Philadelphia  and 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1802  ( ?)  (his  name 
is  not  in  the  Catalogue  there)  ;  practiced  in  Anne  Arundel  and  Cal- 
vert Counties  for  fifty-two  years.  Died  at  Piscataway,  Prince 
George  County,  August  4,  i860  (Q.). 

*Wyville,  Dorsey.  Founder.  1799.  Of  Dorchester  County,  Md.  See 
lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

*Yeates,  Henry  P.  P.  1853.  Born  at  Baltimore.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1845;  Vaccine  Physician,  1846;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Dixie 
Light  Infantry,  1861-65  (Q-)-    Died  at  Baltimore.    See  Trans.,  1873. 

*Yeates,  John  Lloyd.  1822.  Born  in  Harford  County,  Md.,  December 
27,  1802.  Educated  at  Baltimore  College;  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1822;  Member  of  City  Council,  1836-40;  Orator,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1840;  President,  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  1853-54;  President,  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  Balti- 
more, 1855-56.     Died  at  Baltimore,  July  24,  1875. 

*YouNG,  Daniel.     1807.    See  lists  of  1807  and  1848. 

Young,  Hugh  Hampton.  1898.  Born  at  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  September 
18,  1870;  son  of  Gen.  William  H.  Young.  A.B.,  A.M.,  1893,  and 
M.D.,  1894,  University  of  Virginia;.  Instructor  in  Genito-urinary 
Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University;  at  present.  Associate  in  Genito- 
urinary Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University ;  Attending  Surgeon, 
Johns  Hopkins  Dispensary;  Attending  Surgeon,  Union  Protestant 
Infirmary.     1005  North  Charles  Street,  Baltimore. 

Young,  James.  Of  Frederick  County,  Md.  (There  is  a  "Young, 
James,  Pa.,  1823,"  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.) 
See  list  of  1848. 

635 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

*YouNG,  John,  Jr.  Founder.  1799.  Born  at  Miles  River  Neck,  Tal- 
bot County,  Md.  Went  to  Florida,  but  returned  to  Trappe,  Talbot 
County,  Md.,  about  1799;  Surgeon,  Fourteenth-  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, U.  S.  A.,  June  4,  1812.  "A  bachelor,  short  and  stout,  a  good 
Latin  scholar  and  well  posted  in  medical  literature."  Died  at  his 
residence  at  Trappe,  about  1824,  well  advanced  in  years. 

*YouNG,  Samuel.  Founder.  1799.  Born  in  Maryland,  1739.  "A  man 
of  worth  and  a  physician  of  skill  and  experience."  (There  was  a 
Dr.  Young,  Member  of  the  Board  of  Examining  Surgeons  in  the 
Revolution— Toner.)  Died  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1838.  (See  Young, 
John,  Jr.) 

Zacharias,  John  Forney.  1898.  Born  at  Frederick  City,  Md.  Edu- 
cated at  Frederick  Academy;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  i860;  practiced  at 
Frederick  City,  1860-61 ;  in  C.  S.  A.,  1861 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  C. 
S.  A.,  1862-65 ;  practiced  at  Leesburg,  1865-70 ;  since  that  at  Cum- 
berland, Md.  "During  my  service  in  the  hospital  at  Danville,  Va., 
I  first  used  maggots  to  remove  the  decayed  tissue  in  hospital  gan- 
grene and  with  eminent  satisfaction.  In  a  single  day  they  would 
clean  a  wound  much  better  than  any  agents  we  had  at  our  com- 
mand. I  used  therrj  afterwards  at  various  places.  I  am  sure  I 
saved  many  lives  by  their  use,  escaped  septicaemia,  and  had  rapid 
recoveries." 

*Zeller,  Henry.  1837.  Born  near  Williamsport,  Washington  County, 
Md.,  August  17,  1810;  son  of  Otho  Zeller.  Educated  at  Hagerstown 
Academy;  pupil  of  Dr.  Frederick  Dorsey;  M.D.,  Jefferson,  1837; 
practiced  at  Williamsport,   Md.     Died  July,    1885    (Q.). 

Zepp,  James  Albert.  1897.  Born  in  Carroll  County,  Md.,  August  9, 
1856.  Graduated  from  Maryland  State  Normal  School ;  M.D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  1887.     3050  West  North  Avenue,  Baltimore. 

Ziegler,  Charles  Benjamin.  1890.  Born  at  Baltimore,  July  8,  1855. 
Educated  at  Deisterwig  Institute;  M.D.,  Washington  University, 
Baltimore,  1876;  Resident  Physician,  City  Hospital,  1876-77;  prac- 
ticed at  St.  Michaels,  1877-80;  later,  at  Baltimore;  Vaccine  Physi- 
cian and  Station-House  Surgeon,  three  years.  830  North  Broad- 
way, Baltimore. 

Ziegler,  John  S.  1899.  Born  at  Shrewsbury  Township,  York  County, 
Pa.,  August  17,  1859.     Educated  at  Gray's  School,  Glen  Rock,  Pa.; 

636 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

M.D.,  University  of  Maryland,   1878;  has  practiced  ever  since  at 
Melrose,  Md. 

ZoLLER,  Christ.  G.  E.     1831.     See  list  of  1848. 

*ZoLLicKOFFER,  WiLLiAM.  1817.  Bom  in  1793.  M.D.,  University  of 
Maryland,  1818,  and  Washington  University,  1838;  Agent,  Vaccine 
Institute,  Baltimore,  1830;  Lecturer  on  Botany,  Medical  Botany, 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics ;  resided  at  Uniontown,  Carroll 
County,  Md. ;  author  of  "A  Materia  Medica  of  the  United  States," 
etc.,  Baltimore,  1819  and  1827.    Died  in  1853. 


637 


CHRONOLOGY; 


1608.  Europeans  first  visit  the  Chesapeake.  In  June,  John 
Smith  sets  out  from  Jamestown,  "in  an  open  barge,  neare 
three  tons  burthen,"  and  with  a  crew  of  thirteen,  to  find  a  pas- 
sage westward  into  the  Pacific.  They  enter  the  Patapsco, 
which  from  the  resemblance  of  the  clay  on  its  banks  to  "bole- 
armoniack"'  (terra  sigillata)  they  call  the  "Bolus."  On  their 
return  they  sail  up  the  Potomac.  "Walter  Russell,  Gentle- 
man, doctor  of  physicke,"  accompanied  and  wrote  the  history 
of  this  voyage  (see  "Smith's  General  History  of  Virginia," 
chap.  v).  In  July  Smith  returns  and  makes  a  more  thorough 
exploration  of  the  Bay.  He  was  now  accompanied  by  "An- 
thony Bagnall,  chirurgeon,"  who  also  wrote  the  account  of  this 
second  expedition. 

1632.  Charter  for  Province  of  Maryland  granted  to  Cseci- 
lius,  second  Lord  Baltimore,  by  Charles  I.  (June  20).  Named 
in  honor  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria. 

1634.  First  settlement  of  the  Province  by  200  colonists,  at 
St.  Mary's.  They  land  March  27. — St.  Mary's  Town,  for- 
merly the  principal  town  of  the  Yoamacoes,  bought  by  Gov- 
ernor Calvert,  brother  of  Lord  Baltimore,  who  heads  the  expe- 
dition. 


♦Many  of  the   early  items  of  this  Chronology   were  derived  from  the  Maryland 
Archives. 


41  639 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1635.  First  General  Assembly  meets  at  St.  Mary's  (Fel;ru- 
ary  26). — "Francisco,  a  molato,"  brought  into  the  province  by 
Andrew  White;   the  first  slave. 

1637.  Henry  Hooper,  chirurgeon,  arrives  in  Maryland. — 
Inquest  by  twelve  planters  on  a  man  killed  by  a  tree ;  they 
report  his  "bloud  bulke  broken,"  and  the  tree  is  forfeited  to 
Lord  Proprietor  (January  31).  This  is  probably  the  earliest 
recorded  autopsy  in  America,  the  earliest  in  Massachusetts 
being  1674.  Inquest  also  on  two  men  drowned  (March  23  and 
24). 

1638.  Thos.  Gerard,  surgeon,  arrives  in  Maryland,  and 
takes  up  St.  Clement's  Manor,  St.  Mary's  County,  where  he 
holds  a  manorial  court. — ''Our  surgeons  cure  a  man  of  snake 
bite"  (Letters  from  missionaries  appended  to  Father  White's 
"Relation,"  p.  56,  Mlaryland  Historical  Society,  published 
1874). — A  law  passed  by  Assembly  to  regulate  "wages"  and 
"moderate  the  charges"  of  artificers  and  chirurgeons,  according 
to  the  rates  of  tobacco  in  England. — Population  of  the  Province, 
700. — Second  Assembly  held  January  25. — First  Court  of  Jus- 
tice held  in  the  Province. — The  Colonists  commence  the  grow- 
ing of  tobacco. — A  return  of  election  of  burgesses  shows  that 
only  one  of  seven  Colonists  could  sign  his  name. 

1639.  Gerard  elected  to  Assembly ;  obtains  230  pounds  of 
tobacco  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Province  "for  physick"  ad- 
ministered to  Richard  Lee. — Mr.  Wells,  chirurgeon  of  St. 
Mary's  County, 

1641.  Richard  Purlivant,  barber  and  chirurgeon,  settles  on 
Kent  Island  (Emory). 

1642.  Robert  Ellyson,  a  "barber-chirurgeon"  of  St.  Mary's 
County. — Report  of  an  "Enquest  taken  at  St.  Maries  upon  the 

640 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

view  of  the  body  of  Ann  Thompson,"  an  infant. — Alexius  Pul- 
ton, chirurgeon,  paid  150  pounds  tobacco  for  his  services  in 
expedition  against  Susquehannah  Indians. — George  Binx,  hcen- 
tiate  in  physicke. — On  petition  ol  the  Protestants  in  the  colony, 
Thomas  Gerard  is  fined  by  the  Assembly  for  interfering  with 
their  worship. 

1643.  Francis  Otway,  chirurgeon  of  expedition  against  Sus- 
quehannah Indians. — An  "Enquest  on  an  Indian  ladd  killed 
by  John  Dandy ;"  a  complete  examination  of  abdomen ;  report 
signed  by  "George  Binx,  foreman  (February  23,  see  above). — 
Gerard,  member  of  Council. 

1644.  Mrs.  Hebden,  wife  of  Dr.  Thos.  Hebden,  of  St.  Maries, 
recovers  a  medical  fee  for  "doing  chirurgery  upon  the  legg  of 
a  patient." — Thomas  Gerard,  member  of  Assembly,  one  of 
Governor's  Council,  and  diligent  in  his  efforts  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  Colony;  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  abilities 
(Bozeman). — Records  of  the  Province  seized  and  carried  10 
Virginia,  where  most  of  them  were  lost. 

Death :  Dr.  Robert  Ward,  of  St.  Maries. 

1646.  Dr.  Waldron,  of  St.  Maries  River, 
f 

1647.  Dr.  Thos.  Hebden  recovers  a  judgment  for  medical 
fees,  due  him  for  curing  a  soldier  of  the  "ifort"  at  St.  Miaries 
of  "agu€  and  feaver,"  and  "stopping  of  the  blood"  from  a 
wound  received  in  a  fight  with  the  Susquehannahs. 

1648.  Henry  Hooper  sues  his  Lordship's  attorney  for  his 
"sallary  and  chirurgery  in  the  ffort  of  St.  Inegoes"  the  last 
year,  3379  pounds  of  tobacco  and  3  barrels  of  corn. — John 
Wade,  chirurgeon,  arrives  in  Maryland. — Inquest  on  man 
found  dead  at  "Poynt  Looke  out." 

641 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1649.  Annapolis  founded  by  persecuted  Puritan  Colonists 
from  Virginia. — Religious  Toleration  Act  passed  by  Legisla- 
ture (April  21 ). — Charles  County  erected. — Charles  I.  be- 
headed; Charles  II.  proclaimed  King  by  Governor  Greene. 

1650.  "An  Act  concerning  the  registering  of  births,  mar- 
riages and  burials"  passes  session  of  1650  (Bozeman,  "History 
of  Maryland,"  vol.  ii,  p.  407). — Anne  Arundel  County  formed. 
— Henry  Hooper  enters  intO'  an  agreement  with  the  Governor 
to  serve  him  "for  a  twelve  month  from  this  day  in  the  quality 
of  Chirurgeon,  and  the  Governor  is  for  it  to  find  all  druggs, 
and  to  find  him  with  diett  and  lodgeing,  and  to  allow  him  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  accounts  which  the  Chirurgeon  Shall  earn  by 
his  practice  in  the  Colony  during  the  said  time."  He  is  also 
made  captain  of  one  of  the  four  military  companies. — John 
Wade  sues  estate  of  Thomas  Medwell  for  professional  services. 

1651.  Thomas  Marsh,  chirurgeon,  of  Kent  County  ("Old 
Kent,"  p.  21). — Dr.  Waldron  gives  his  opinion  as  to  the  death 
of  a  new-born  child. 

1652.  Dr.  Thos.  Ward,  of  Kent  County,  fined  300  pounds  of 
tobacco  for  cruelties  to  a  servant. — A  jury  of  matrons  decides 
as  to  the  alleged  pregnancy  of  a  murderess. — Peace  made  with 
the  Susquehannahs. 

Death :  Dr.  Thos.  Hebden. 

1653.  Death  :  Dr.  Henry  Hooper. 

1654.  Calvert  dies. — Calvert  County  erected. — Oliver  Crom- 
well proclaimed  Lord  Protector  by  Governor  Stone. — Dr.  Peter 
Godson  ordered  by  the  Court  to  return  600  pounds  of  tobacco 
which  he  had  reserved  for  "curing"  Thos.  Ager,  when  he  had 
failed  to  do  so. 

642 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1655.  Dr.  Luke  Barber  migrates  to  Maryland  and  settles  in 
St.  Maries  County  about  March  20. — Battle  between  Puritans 
and  Royalists  (March  26)  at  Providence  (Annapolis)  ;  the 
former  victorious.  Dr.  Luke  Barber  is  sent  ahead  by  Gov- 
ernor Stone  on  his  march  to  Providence,  with  a  proclamation 
addressed  to  the  people  of  Anne  Arundel  County,  and  acts  the 
part  of  peacemaker.  He  was  a  zealous  friend  of  Lord  Balti- 
more, and  accompanies  the  Governor  at  the  particular  request 
of  the  latter.  Dr.  (Captain)  Gerard  is  also  in  this  battle  and 
is  taken  prisoner.  The  Governor  is  defeated  and  wounded. 
Barber,  it  is  inferred,  had  been  either  a  surgeon  or  physician 
in  the  Lord  Protector's  arniy.  The  favor  shown  later  to  Lord 
Baltimore  was  probably  owing  largely  to  the  personal  influence 
of  Dr.  Barber  with  the  Protector  (Bozeman). — Dr.  Peter 
Sharp,  chirurgeon  (b.  1623,  d.  1672)  and  a  Friend,  sues  Dr. 
Peter  Godson  for  malpractice  in  killing  a  patient,  by  "taking  too 
much  blood."  The  case  is  referred  to  men  of  skill  and  abil- 
ity, to  "judge  of  the  action." 

1656.  A  jury  of  matrons  called  in  a  case  of  alleged  infanti- 
cide, and  the  following  year  in  a  case  of  supposed  pregnancy. — 
Drs.  Barber  and  Gerard,  members  of  Governor  Fendall's  Coun- 
cil ;  the  former  receives  1000  acres  of  land  from  Lord  Balti- 
more for  his  faithfulness. — Jacob  Lumbrozo,  a  Jewish  physi- 
cian, arrives  from  Portugal  and  settles  in  Charles  County 
(January). 

1657.  Inquest  held  on  Henry  Gouge  at  Patuxent  by  Rd. 
Maddokes  and  Emperor  Smith,  chirurgeons,  by  order  of  Coun- 
cil. The  head  is  "desected"  by  the  chirurgeons  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  Jury.  The  chirurgeons  are  allowed  a  half  hogshead 
of  tobacco  each  as  fee  (September  24). — Dr.  Barber  appointed 
Deputy  Governor  by  Governor  Fendall,  who  goes  to  England. 

643 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1658.  A  jury  of  women  ordered  by  the  Court  of  Kent  County 
in  a  case  of  alleged  infanticide.  They  render,  through  their  fore- 
woman, Mary  Vickers,  a  verdict  that  the  accused,  "Hannah 
Jackson,  is  clear  from,  the  bearing  and  never  had  a  child." — 
Dr.  Peter  Sharp,  sued  for  failure  to  cure  a  sore  leg,  gains 
his  fee  in  tobacco. — Wm.  Helmsley,  from  England,  settles  in 
Queen  Anne's  County. — Dr.  Barber  surrenders  office  on  return 
of  Governor  Fendall. — The  Puritan  Governor  surrenders 
the  Province  to  the  Proprietor,  his  Lordship  having  been  de- 
prived of  it  for  six  years  (March  24). — Dr.  Jacob  Lumbrozo, 
a  Jewish  physician,  accused  of  blasphemy,  but  escapes  trial  in 
consequence  of  the  pardon  accompanying  the  proclamation  in 
favor  of  Richard,  the  son  of  the  Lord  Protector,  which  was 
issued  a  few  days  after  the  accusation  ("Davis'  Day  Star,"  pp. 
65-66). 

1659.  Baltimore  County  patented,  population  1000;  Dr. 
Francis  Stockett  its  first  delegate  to  St.  Mary's  (Allsop's  "Mary- 
land").— Dr.  Baker  Brooke,  member  of  Governor's  Council. — 
A  jury  of  matrons  decides  as  to  the  pregnancy  of  a  woman 
convicted  of  a  felony. 

1660.  Population  of  Province,  12,000. — Dr.  Richard  Tilgh- 
man,  surgeon  British  Navy,  with  wife  Maria  Foxley,  settles  at 
"Hermitage,"  Talbot  County,  M'd.,  on  land  granted  by  Lord 
Baltimore. — Assembly  convenes  at  Gerard's  house;  Gerard 
found  guilty  of  treason  and  sentenced  to  banishment  and  con- 
fiscation; later  pardoned. 

1661.  A  salary  of  400  pounds  of  tobacco  per  month  assigned 
to  the  surgeon  of  expedition  against  the  Susquehannah  In- 
dians.— First  County  Court  held  in  Baltimore  County  (July  20) 
at  the  house  of  Capt.  Thomas  Howell.     Prior  to  this  all  the  set- 

644 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tlements  were  within  the  six  counties,  St.  Mary's,  Kent,  Talbot, 
Calvert,  Charles  and  Anne  Arundel.  The  last  included  all  the 
Western  Shore  till  Baltimore  County  was  established;  then 
that  took  all  lands  north  of  Anne  Arundel. 

1663.     Lumbrozo  naturalized. 

1665.  Population  of  Province,  16,000. — Lumbrozo  commis- 
sioned to  trade  with  Indians. 

1666.  Death:  Dr.  Lumbrozo. 

1667.  White  population  of  Province,  8140. 

1668.  "Cole's  Harbour,"  on  north  branch  of  Patapsco,  on 
which  Baltimore  was  subsequently  laid  out,  patented  by  Thos. 
Cole.  Contains  550  acres,  nearly  equally  divided  by  Jones' 
Falls. 

1670.  Dr.  Baker  Brooke,  Deputy  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Province. — Autopsy  by  John  Stansley  and  John  Peerce,  chirur- 
geons,  on  head  of  Benj.  Price,  killed  by  Indians  (July  20). — 
M'ichael  De  Coursey  and  Richard  Tilghman,  physicians  of  Kent 
County. 

1671.  Act  passed  allowing  250  pounds  of  tobacco  to  coro- 
ners as  fee  for  an  inquest. — Dr.  John  Waterton,  delegate  to 
Assembly  from  Baltimore  County. — Dr.  Richard  Tylman, 
Sheriff  of  Talbot  County. — Population  of  Province,  20,000. 

1672.  Nicholas  Oliver^  "who  is  an  apothecary  by  profes- 
sion," a  cousin  and  legatee  of  Dr.  Peter  Sharp,  of  Calvert 
County. 

Death :  Dr.  Peter  Sharp. 

645 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1674.  Dr.  Baker  Brooke,  Surveyor-General  of  Province. — 
Dr.  Jesse  Wharton,  member  of  Upper  House  at  St.  Mary's. — 
Dr.  Jos.  Watterton,  delegate  from  Baltimore  County. 

1675.  Dr.  Richard  Tilghman,  of  Kent  County,  petitions  the 
Court  for  compensation  for  surgical  attendance  on  George 
Hays,  to  cure  "the  bones  of  his  cubit  which  had  been  lacerated 
and  torn."  It  was  granted. — Gideon  Skates,  chirurgeon,  in 
Harford  (then  Baltimore)  County,  buys  "Swanson"  and  "addi- 
tion to  Swanson"  (site  of  Joppa),  from  John  Taylor. 

1676.  Dr.  Christopher  Gregory,  surgeon  of  expedition 
against  Indians. 

1683.  Dr.  John  Brooke,  a  delegate  to  Assembly  from  Cal- 
vert County. — Dr.  John  Stansley,  Surveyor,  St.  Maries  County. 

1684.  A  witch  executed,  the  only  instance  in  Mar}dand. 

1692.  Dr.  John  Brooke,  Judge  of  Provincial  Court. — Dr. 
Mordecai  Moore,  of  Calvert  County,  arrives  in  Maryland. — 
Shadrach  Whitworth,  chirurgeon ;  the  first  mentioned  in  rec- 
ords of  Cecil  County. — Government  of  Maryland  assumed  by 
the  Crown  and  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  established;  all 
Christian  sects  equally  privileged  till  then. — Prince  of  Orange 
on  throne. 

1694.  Dr.  Simon  Wootten,  of  Calvert  County,  a  witness 
against  Thomas  Johnson,  of  same  county,  for  Jacobinism 
[this  Thomas  Johnson  an  ancestor  of  Gov.  Thomas  John- 
son].— The  Court  orders  the  burial  of  cattle,  which  had  died 
in  large  numbers  during  the  previous  winter,  to  prevent  sick- 
ness.— Seat  of  government  removed  from  St.  Mary's  City  to 
Annapolis  (March  i6). — Kent  County  Court  orders  that  "by 

646 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

reason  of  a  great  and  dangerous  sickness  in  the  neighbor- 
ing Province  of  Pennsylvania,  it  is  by  this  Court  ordered 
that  no  person  inhabiting  in  the  county  doe  entertain  any 
stranger  traveling  from  any  part  out  of  this  Province.  And 
that  no  person  inhabiting  in  this  Countie  may  Travel  into  any 
part  of  Pennsylvania  or  the  Territories  thereunto  belonging 
untill  January  Court  next,  upon  pain  and  penaltie  of  being  pro- 
ceeded against  according  to  Law  in  that  case  made  and  pro- 
vided, and  all  constables  are  hereby  required  to  notifie  the  in- 
habitants of  their  respective  hundreds"  ("Old  Kent  of  Mary- 
land," p.  338.  Dr.  Ouinan  remarks  of  this :  "This  is  probably 
the  first  quarantine  declared  in  the  limits  of  Maryland,  certainly 
the  first  issued  by  a  Court"). 

1696.  Dr.  Francis  Greenfield^  of  Calvert  County,  and  Dr. 
Payne,  of  St.  Mary's  County,  first  appear  in  the  records. 

1697.  The  justices  of  Kent  are  required  by  their  commis- 
sion "to  enquire  into  all  sorts  of  Witchcraft,  Inchantments, 
Sorceries,  Magic  Arts,"  etc.  ("Old  Kent,"  p.  391). 

1698.  Dr.  Robt.  Jones,  of  St.  Mary's,  first  mentioned  in  the 
Records. — Mr.  David  Kuger  and  Zachary  Allen,  chirurgeons. 

1700.  Dr.  Alex.  Hamilton  (Scotchman)  settles  at  An- 
napolis about  this  time.  He  was  preceptor  of  Drs.  Thos.  and 
Phineas  Bond,  of  Philadelphia. 

1703.  Destructive  hurricane  in  Maryland,  destroying  much 
shipping  and  property  (October  18). 

1706.  Seat  of  justice  of  Baltimore  County  removed  to  Tay- 
lor's Choice,  or  Joppa,  on  Gunpowder  River,  and  there  remains 
above  fifty  years. 

647 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1708.  Dr.  Gustavus  Brown,  of  Scotland,  educated  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh,  goes  ashore  from  an  EngHsh  vessel, 
when,  a  storm  arising,  his  ship  is  driven  to  sea,  leaving  him 
without  clothing  and  with  little  money  (May).  But  he  is  wel- 
comed and  entertained  by  the  inhabitants,  settles  at  Port  To- 
bacco, Charles  County,  and  marries  the  daughter  of  a  wealthy 
planter. — Annapolis  chartered  as  a  city;  called  "The  Athens  of 
America." 

1709.  Dr.  Edward  Chetham,  vestryman  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Talbot  County. 

1712.  Population  of  Province,  46,075;  Baltimore  County, 
2923. 

1713.  Drs.  George  Walker,  A.M.,  and  James  Walker  arrive 
from  Scotland  and  settle  in  Anne  Arundel  County. 

1715.  Locusts  appear  in  great  numbers  in  Maryland. — Dr. 
George  Walker  removes  to  Baltimore  County  and  purchases  a 
tract  of  land  west  of  the  site  occupied  later  by  Baltimore  Town, 
called  "Chatsworth." 

1717.  Wm.  Bruce  Church,  a  practitioner  of  physicke  in  Cal- 
vert County  ("Historical  Collections  Colonial  Church  in  Mary- 
land," p.  95). 

1719.  Population  of  Province,  80,000  (whites,  55,000). 

1720.  Dr.  Josias  Middlemore  arrives  in  Baltimore  County 
from  England. 

Death:  Dr.  John  Rattenbury,  in  Baltimore  County, 

1721.  Inoculation  for  smallpox  introduced  into  England  by 
Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montague. 

648 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1723.  Dr.  Geo.  Buchanan,  "chirurgeon,"  arrives  from  Scot- 
land, purchases  land  and  settles  in  Baltimore  County. 

1724.  James  Walker,  of  Maryland,  receives  medical  diploma 
at  Aberdeen  (see  1713)  (October  7). 

1726.  Maryland  Gazette  established  by  Wm.  Parks,  public 
printer. 

1729.  Legislature  passes  an  Act,  entitled  "An  Act  for  erect- 
ing a  town  on  the  north  side  of  Patapsco  in  Baltimore  County, 
and  for  laying  out  into  lots  sixty  acres  of  land  in  and  about  the 
place  where  one  John  Flemming  now  lives"  (August  8).  Flem- 
ming  was  a  tenant  of  Mr.  Charles  Carroll  and  lived  in  a  house 
situated  near  where  Charles  Street  now  is.  Among  the  Com- 
missioners named  are  Drs.  George  Buchanan  and  George 
Walker,  the  former  being  also  a  Justice  of  the  County.  The 
price  paid  Mr.  Carroll  for  the  ground  was  £120  ($320).  Dr. 
Walker  purchases  one  of  the  lots,  an  acre  each,  into  which  the 
town  site  was  divided.  A  large  number  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Baltimore  County  were  Friends. 

1730.  The  Commissioners  lay  off  the  town  as  provided 
(January  12).  [Dr.  Quinan  remarks  that  at  this  date  Philadel- 
phia had  been  founded  48  years,  Charleston  50  years,  St.  Mary's 
96  years,  Boston  100  years,  and  New  York  116  years]. — 
The  streets  of  Baltimore  Town  were  at  first  narrow  and 
crooked.  The  principal  one,  "Long"  (now  "Baltimore"),  was 
4  perches  wide  and  at  times  impassable.  "Forest"  ("Charles") 
Street  was  3  perches  wide.  Most  of  them  were  mere  lanes  i 
perch  wide.  The  low  ground  about  Jones  Falls  was  sub- 
ject to  frequent  overflow  and  was  called  "The  Meadow." 
For  many  years  the  town  was  surrounded  by  a  picket  fence  to 

649 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

protect  it  from  the  Indians ;  there  was  a  gateway  for  carriag-es 
at  the  north  end  of  Gay  Street  and  another  at  the  west  end  of 
Baltimore  Street,  and  a  smaller  one  for  foot  passengers  on  the 
hill  near  St.  Paul's  Church  (1750). 

1731.  Smallpox  at  Joppa,  Baltimore  County.  Courts  sus- 
pended. 

1732.  Dr.  George  Walker  assists  in  laying  off  "Jones 
Town,"  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Falls,  "where  Edward  Fell  kept 
store"  (August). 

1736.  Dr.  Buckler  Partridge  arrives  and  settles  at  Jones 
Town. 

1738.  Dr.  Adam  Thomson,  of  Maryland,  begins  to  inoculate 
by  a  new  method,  the  "American"  (see  1750). 

1740.  First  brick  house  erected  in  Baltimore  Town  with 
imported  material  (northwest  corner  Calvert  and  Fayette 
Streets)  ;   also,  first  house  of  two  stories  without  a  hip-roof. 

1743.     Death:  Dr.  George  Walker,  at  Baltimore. 

1745.  Dr.  Geo.  Buchanan,  a  delegate  to  the  General  As- 
sembly from  Baltimore  County. — About  this  time  Dr.  Richard 
Brooke  sends  a  memorial  to  the  President  of  His  Majesty's 
Council,  complaining  that  the  Lord  Proprietor  unduly  favors 
the  Catholics  in  the  Province  (Md.  Archives). — John  and 
Henry  Stevenson  (brothers)  arrive  from  Ireland;  the  first 
engages  in  commerce,  the  second  pursues  his  profession. — The 
Maryland  Gazette,  second  publication,  is  issued  at  Annapolis 
(January  27). — The  Tuesday  Club  organized  at  Annapolis  by 

650 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Alex.  Hamilton  and  Mr.  Jonas  Green,  editor  of  Maryland 
Gazette.  The  oldest  club  in  the  United  States.  Dr.  Hamilton 
was  the  founder,  "life  and  soul,"  and  the  first  meeting  was 
held  at  his  house  (May  14). — The  two  towns,  "Baltimore 
Town"  and  "Jones  Town,"  are  united  into  one,  for  which  the 
former  designation  is  retained  (September  5). 

1746.  Dr.  William  Lyon  establishes  the  first  drug  store  at 
Baltimore  Town  (corner  Baltimore  and  Calvert  Streets),  for 
the  sale  of  "chemicals  and  Galenicals." 

1747.  Dr.  Lyde  Goodwin's  name  appears  in  the  records  of 
Baltimore  Town. — Dr.  Andrew  Scott,  of  Prince  George 
County. 

1748.  Dr.  Wm.  Lyon  subscribes  to  keep  the  town  fence  in 
repair. — Malignant  smallpox  in  Cecil  County  (January). 

1750.  "Whereas  several  persons  permit  stinking  fish  and 
dead  creatures  or  carrion  to  lie  on  their  lots,  or  in  the  street 
near  their  doors,  which  are  a  very  offensive  nuisance  and  con- 
trary to  Acts  of  Assembly,  the  Commissioners  therefore  order 
the  clerk  to  put  up  advertisements  to  inform  such  persons  that 
they  are  to  remove  the  same.  Resolved,  That  Dr.  Wm.  Lyon 
be  a  committee  of  one  to  enforce  the  same."  (MS.  Rec.  of 
Baltimore.  This  is  the  first  health  ordinance  of  the  town  ex- 
tant).— Dr.  Adam  Thomson,  a  Marylander,  publishes  the 
"American  IMethod  of  Inoculation,"  which  was  universally 
adopted  throughout  the  Colonies  and  favorably  received  in 
England. 

Death :   Dr.  George  Buchanan,  set.  52. 

1751.  In  an  old  map  of  this  date  the  words  "Baltimore  Iron 
Works"  mark  the  site  of  the  City  of  Baltimore. — Pennsylvania 

651 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hospital  at  Philadelphia  projected,  incorporated  and  organized 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  of  Calvert  County,  Md. ;  opened  1752. — 
First  Theatre  built  at  Annapolis. — Dr.  Alex.  Hamilton,  of 
Annapolis,  defends  Dr.  A.  Thomson's  "Method  of  Inoculation.'' 
Death:  Dr.  James  Somervell,  of  Calvert,  February. 

1752.  Baltimore  Town  has  twenty-five  houses,  four  of 
which  are  of  brick,  and  two  vessels,  a  brig  and  a  sloop. — Dr. 
Wm.  Lyon  subscribes  for  a  market-house  and  town  hall. — 
Letter  of  Dr.  Richard  Brooke,  on  "Inoculation  Without  Inci- 
sion"  (Philosophical  Transactions,  752,  vol.  xlvii). 

1753.  Population  of  Baltimore  County  (including  Har- 
ford), 17,238. 

Death:  Dr.  Edward  Wakeman,  chirurgeon,  of  Baltimore 
County. 

1754.  Dr.  Richard  Murray,  of  Dorchester  County,  ap- 
pointed Commissioner  to  Choptank  Indians. — Letter  from  Dr. 
Richard  Brooke,  on  "History  and  Appearance  of  the  Pheasant 
as  seen  in  Maryland"  (Philosophical  Transactions,  1754,  vol. 
xlviii). 

1755.  Dr.  Charles  Frederick  Wiesenthal  arrives  at  Balti- 
more from  Germany. — Smallpox  epidemic  in  the  State. — Ther- 
mometric  account  of  weather,  September,  1753,  to  September, 
1754,  by  Dr.  Richard  Brooke  (Philosophical  Transactions, 
1755'  vol.  li). — First  fire  engine  brought  to  Colonies  reaches 
Annapolis  from  London. — Dr.  Swinton,  Surgeon,  killed  and 
five  Surgeon's  Mates  wounded  at  Braddock's  defeat.  After 
this  defeat  people  fled  to  Baltimore  for  safety.  Indians  said 
to  be  within  80  miles  of  the  town.     Women  and  children  put 

652 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

on  boats  in  the  harbor  for  flight  down  the  Bay,  if  necessary 

(July  9). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Josias  Middlemore,  in  Baltimore  County,  Feb- 
ruary 27,  aet.  72 ;  Charles  Carroll,  of  Annapolis. 

1756.  Population  of  Baltimore  Town,  300,  with  four  physi- 
cians.— Dr.  John  Bond,  of  Calvert  County,  a  pupil  of  his  uncle, 
Dr.  Thos.  Bond,  of  Philadelphia,  and  apothecary  to  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital. — Spotted  fever  epidemic  in  Maryland;  epizo- 
otic among  dogs  and  foxes;  all  attacked  die  (May)  (R. 
Brooke,  Philosophical  Transactions). — Dysentery  and  small- 
pox epidemic  in  Maryland  (November  and  December)    (Id.). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Alex.  Hamilton,  of  Annapohs ;  James  McGill, 
of  Harford  County. 

1757.  Dr.  Samuel  Owings,  Delegate  to  General  Assembly 
from  Baltimore  County. — A  malignant  fever  prevails  in  Mary- 
land, but  confined  to  colored  race  (R.  Brooke,  op.  cit.). — Epi- 
zootic among  horses;  all  near  salt  water  die  (Id.). — For  the 
first  and  only  time  Legislature  meets  at  Baltimore  Town  in 
consequence  of  prevalence  of  smallpox  at  Annapolis  (April 
5)  ;  epidemic  over  July  24  after  raging  about  9  months.  The 
session  lasted  about  a  month.  The  Governor  appoints  August 
12  as  a  day  of  "fasting,  humiliation  and  prayer." 

1758.  Dr.  John  Bond  (see  antea)  Surgeon  in  French  and 
Indian  War  (Pa.  Archives). — The  General  Assembly  of 
Maryland  allows  its  Surgeons  and  Surgeon's  Mates  ten  shil- 
lings per  day  for  services  in  the  War   (Proceedings). 

1759.  Mr.  Steiger,  a  butcher,  purchases  of  Dr.  Wm.  Lyon, 
the  wooded  marsh  in  the  bend  of  the  Falls  for  a  pasturage. — 
The  people  kept  from  going  West  by  the  French  and  Indian 

653 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

War. — Baltimore  Town  the  greatest  mart  of  trade  in  the  prov- 
ince.— Smallpox  at   Bladensburg. — Thermometric  Account  of 
the   Weather   for    three   years,    1751-54,    by    Dr.    R.    Brooke 
(Philosophical  Transactions,  1759). 
Death :  Dr.  James  Walker,  of  Anne  Arundel  County. 

1760.     Smallpox  in  Cecil  County. 

1762.  Smallpox  epidemic  in  the  State. — Dr.  Richard 
Brooke  reports  "A  Case  of  Hydrophobia ;  Good  Effects  of 
Bleeding-  and  Mercury"   {Maryland  Gazette,  November  4). 

1763.  Drs.  H.  Stevenson  and  Lyon  aid  in  founding  a  Pres- 
byterian Church  on  East  (now  Fayette)  Street. — Drs.  Wm. 
Lyon  and  others  lease  a  lot,  at  northwest  corner  of  Gay  and 
Baltimore  Streets,  for  a  market  house. — Dr.  George  Garnet,  a 
practitioner  in  Queen  Anne's  County  and  vestryman  of  Old 
Chester  Church. — Dr.  James  Sparrold,  of  Baltimore,  taxed  as 
a  bachelor. — Addition  to  Old  Town,  or  Jones  Town,  laid  out. 
— "Ancient  and  Honorable  M'echanical  Company"  of  Baltimore 
organized  (September  22)  ;  this  association  is  still  in  exist- 
ence with  an  unbroken  career  since  its  foundation.  It  is  said 
to  be  the  oldest  civic  organization  in  the  United  States. 

1764.  A  malignant  fever  prevails  in  Talbot  County,  con- 
fined to  negroes  {Maryland  Gazette,  July  12). 

1765.  Dr.  John  Jackson,  of  Queen  Anne's  County,  vestry- 
man of  Old  Chester  Church.— Dr.  Henry  Stevenson,  who  is 
styled  ^'the  most  successful  inoculator  in  America,"  opens  an 
inoculating  hospital  at  Baltimore  (February)  and  visits 
Prince  George  County,  M'd.,  to  inoculate  the  inhabitants  (July 
29,  Maryland  Gazette). — Smallpox  epidemic  prevails  in  the 
State  from  March  i,  1764,  to  September,  1765. 

654 


JOSHUA  I.  COHEN 

1801-1870. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1766.  First  State  Quarantine  Law  passed  (Chapter  22). — 
Smallpox  at  Joppa,  Baltimore  County. — Dr.  Lodman  (?)  El- 
bert, of  Queen  Anne's  County,  vestryman  of  Old  Chester 
Church.— Dr.  H.  Stevenson  "informs  the  public  that  £400 
have  been  collected  in  town  and  county  towards  purchasing  a 
genteel  statue  of  William  Pitt,  in  acknowledgment  of  his  ser- 
vices to  the  Province  and  Continent,  and  to  lovers  of  liberty 
in  general''  (May  22,  Maryland  Gazette). 

1767.  Dr.  Randall  Hulse  arrives  from  England  and  settles 
at  Garrison  Forest,  Baltimore  County  (March  12). — Dr.  John 
Boyd  establishes  a  drug  store  at  Baltimore  Town,  the  second 
here   (May). 

1768.  Drs.  John  and  Thomas  Cradock,  pupils  of  Dr.  Hulse, 
begin  practice  in  Baltimore  County. — ^John  Archer,  of  Flar- 
ford  County,  Md.  (then  Baltimore  County),  receives  from  the 
Philadelphia  College  the  first  medical  diploma  (M'.B.)  ever 
granted  after  attendance  in  America  (June  20)  ;  this  diploma, 
as  also  his  Princeton  diploma,  is  in  the  possession  of  the  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 

Deaths:  Drs.  John  Hamilton,  of  Calvert  County;  Adam 
Thomson,  of  Prince  George  County. 

1769.  First  fire  engine  at  Baltimore. — Quarantine  Law 
passed. — Drs.  John  Doncastle  and  James  Craig,  of  Charles 
County. — A  jury  of  matrons  acts  under  writ  "de  ventre  inspici- 
endo,"  in  the  case  of  a  woman  who  pleads  pregnancy  in  bar  of 
execution  (Proceedings  of  Council,  1767-70,  p.  43). — Dr. 
Henry  Stevenson  devotes  part  of  his  mansion,  "Parnassus," 
on  little  York  Road,  in  rear  of  present  jail,  to  the  purpose  of 
an  inoculating  hospital,  and  opens  it  to  all  who  apply  (Febru- 
ary 15,  Maryland  Gazette). 

Death :  Dr.  Joshua  Warfield,  March  19. 
*2  655 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1771.  Dr.  Philip  Henderson  in  Baltimore  County. — John 
Stevenson  begins  the  shipment  of  wheat  to  Europe ;  the  for- 
mation of  the  grain  trade  of  Baltimore. — Dr.  Henry  Stevenson 
advertises  his  hospital,  where  inoculation  is  conducted  after 
the  best  "American  method"  (November  14,  Pennsylvania 
Gazette). 

1772.  Dr.  Michael  Pue  arrives  from  Ireland. — David  Ram- 
say, the  historian,  graduates  M.B.  at  the  Philadelphia  Col- 
lege and  practices  for  a  short  time  in  Cecil  County  before  re- 
moving to  Charleston,  S.  C. — The  practicing  physicians  at 
and  near  Baltimore  Town  are  Drs.  Lyon,  Wiesenthal,  Hulse, 
Stenhouse,  Pue,  Stevenson,  Boyd,  Cradock,  Hazlett,  Gray  and 
Coulter. 

1773.  Legislature  passes  Act  for  erection  of  a  Poor  and 
Workhouse  in  Baltimore  County  for  the  sick  and  indigent,  and 
appropriates  £4000  for  the  purpose.  Centre  building  and  east 
wing  erected  on  North  Howard  Street. — Harford  County 
formed  by  division  of  Baltimore  County. — Dr.  C.  F.  Wiesen- 
thal aids  in  erection  of  a  Lutheran  Church. — State  Quarantine 
Law  passed. — Fells  Point  added  to  Baltimore  Town. — Publica- 
tion of  Maryland  Journal  and  Baltimore  Advertiser,  begun 
by  William  Goddard,  the  first  newspaper  at  Baltimore  (Au- 
gust 20). 

1774.  Drs.  Hulse,  Wiesenthal,  Cradock  and  Hazlett  physi- 
cians for  the  poor  of  Baltimore  County. — Dr.  H.  Stevenson, 
Inspector  of  Tobacco. — Charlotte  Hall  Academy  established. 
— First  military  company  organized  at  Baltimore  for  the  Revo- 
lution, by  Mordecai  Gist,  a  merchant.— Drs.  John  Archer,  Rob- 
ert Lemon,  Josias  Carvil  Hall  and  Thomas  Andrews  on  the 
Committee    of    Observation    of    Harford    County ;    Dr.    John 

656 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Boyd  on  same  Committee  for  Baltimore  County  and  Town. — 
Drs.  Ephraim  Howard,  of  Anne  Arundel  County;  Thomas 
Cradock,  of  Baltimore  County;  Richard  Brooke,  of  Frederick 
County ;  M.  Wallace,  of  Queen  Anne's  County,  and  Nathaniel 
Potter,  of  Caroline  County,  elected  members  of  State  Con- 
vention.— Drs.  Wiesenthal  and  Howard  discuss  in  the  paper 
the  treatment  of  a  patient,  and  Dr.  William  A.  Dashiell  de- 
fends the  views  of  his  preceptor,  Dr.  Wiesenthal. — The  "Peggy 
Stewart,"  laden  with  tea,  burnt  at  Annapolis  (October  19), 
Dr.  Charles  Alexander  Warfield,  of  Howard  County,  leading 
the  party,  "the  first  overt  act  against  the  authority  of  the  King 
of  England  in  Maryland." 

1775,  James  McHenry,  "having  made  some  progress  in 
medicine,"  is  appointed  Surgeon  and  with  others  joins  the  pa- 
triot army  before  Boston. — Baltimore  fits  out  two  cruisers, 
"Hornet"  and  "Wasp,"  to  make  the  first  essay  of  the  Ameri- 
can Navy. — First  Frigate  built  for  Continental  Navy  at  Fells 
Point,  Baltimore. — First  Continental  flag  hoisted  in  Maryland 
by  Commodore  Barney. — Dr.  John  Wallace,  of  Queen  Anne's 
County,  member  of  State  convention. — Dr.  Moses  Allen,  mem- 
ber of  Committee  of  Observation  of  Talbot  County,  and  Drs. 
Samuel  Owings  and  John  Boyd  on  same  Committee  for  Balti- 
more County. — Drs.  John  L.  Elbert,  Samuel  Stringer  Coale, 
Christopher  Taylor  and  Frederick  Ridgeley  begin  practice. — 
Census  of  Baltimore  taken  by  the  inhabitants  early  in  the  year : 
564  houses,  5934  inhabitants,  16  physicians. — Physicians  to 
Poor  appointed. — Twenty  acres  at  head  of  Howard  near  Madi- 
son Street  bought  for  site  of  County  Poorhouse,  at  a  cost  of 
£350. — Smallpox  at  Queenstown,  Queen  Anne's  County. — Dr. 
John  Smith,  Surgeon  of  Colonel  Conolly's  expedition,  planned 
by  Governor  Dunmore  of  Virginia,  arrested  at  Fredericktown. 

657 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

— Dr.  Ephraim  Howard,  son  of  Henry,  paid  £600  and  Dr. 
Samuel  S.  Coale  paid  £250,  for  manufacture  of  saltpetre,  by 
Committee  of  Safety. 

1776.  Dr.  Wiesenthal  appointed  by  State  Surgeon  of 
Smallwood's  Brigade.  The  same  ordered  to  buy  for  his  com- 
mand thirty  pounds  of  bark,  two  pounds  of  cantharides,  one 
pound  of  sponge  and  four  ounces  of  opium. — Dr.  John  Boyd 
and  others  authorized  by  Congress  to  sign  bills  of  credit. — 
Drs.  Thomas  Andrews  and  John  P.  Ahl  begin  practice;  the 
first  on  Committee  of  Safety. — Dr.  John  Coulter,  Acting  Sur- 
geon at  Baltimore,  vice  Wiesenthal,  while  the  latter  visits  the 
Maryland  troops  in  camp. — Dr.  Thomas  Andrews  appointed  by 
State  "prover  of  arms." — Inoculation  stopped  in  accordance 
with  the  order  of  the  Committee  of  Observation  of  Baltimore, 
and  the  approval  of  Drs.  Wiesenthal,  Patrick  Kennedy,  H. 
Stevenson  and  William  Beard. — The  medical  stores  of  Dr. 
Alexander  Stenhouse,  a  loyalist  of  Baltimore  County,  valued 
at  £422,  taken  by  Committee  of  Safety  for  the  use  of  the 
Army. — Dr.  Benjamin  Kennedy  paid  for  medicines  supplied 
troops  of  Western  Shore. — Council  of  Safety  forbid  the  slaugh- 
tering of  cattle  at  Baltimore  for  three  months  for  sanitary 
reasons. — Dr.  Thomas  Bourke,  Captain  of  Cambridge  Blues. 
— Smallpox  at  Port  Tobacco,  Charles  County. — Drs.  Henry 
Stevenson  and  Patrick  Kennedy  disapprove  of  the  extreme 
measures  of  the  patriots  and  leave  Baltimore,  the  former  enter- 
ing the  British  service  at  New  York  as  Surgeon,  the  lat- 
ter becoming  Captain  of  a  company  of  loyalists. — Population  of 
Baltimore,  6755,  with  19  physicians ;  population  of  Fells  Point, 
812.  Population  of  Harford  County,  whites,  9421 ;  blacks, 
3342. — Dr.  Wiesenthal  appointed  by  State  Manufacturer  of 
Saltpetre  and  publishes  his  method  of  manufacture   (January 

658 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGTCAL  FACULTY 

4,  Maryland  Gazette). — Drs.  Wiesenthal,  Boyd  and  Cradock 
issue  a  call  on  the  ladies  of  Baltimore  for  lint  and  linen  for 
bandag-es  for  the  troops  (March  12). — Drs.  Gustavus  R. 
Brown  and  James  Wallace  establish  an  inoculating  hospital  in 
Charles  County  (June  15,  Virginia  Gazette,  "VViilliamsburg, 
June  28). — Declaration  of  Independence  proclaimed  at  Court- 
house at  Baltimore  Town,  with  faring  of  cannon  and  in  even- 
ing illumination ;  efhgy  of  '"late"  king  paraded  and  burned 
(July  22). — Almshouse  at  Baltimore  burnt  down,  but  rebuilt 
and  w^est  wing  afterwards  added  (September  18). — Congress 
assembles  at  Baltimore  Town  in  Mr.  Jacob  Fite's  house,  south- 
east corner  of  Baltimore  and  Liberty  Streets,  then  the  farthest 
house  west,  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  town ;  it  was  long 
called  "Congress  Hall."  Here,  on  December  27,  Washington 
was  invested  with  dictatorial  powers. 

1777.  Dr.  Hall,  of  Cecil  County,  paid  £150  by  Commit- 
tee of  Safety  for  his  services  to  the  troops  there. — SmaDpox 
at  Cambridge,  Md. — Dr.  Samuel  Mackenzie,  of  Baltimore, 
ordered  by  Congress  to  furnish  medicines  to  sick  soldiers  at 
Baltimore  and  is  paid  $1500  for  the  same  (Journal- of  Con- 
gress).— Quarantine  Law  passed. — Dr.  Wiesenthal,  Surgeon- 
General  of  Maryland  troops  at  a  salary  of  thirty-five  shillings 
per  day  without  rations. — Surgeons  of  regiments  to  receive 
$60  per  month  and  Surgeon's  Mates  $32  per  month  with  ra- 
tions.— The  Military  Hospital  for  Maryland  troops  at  An- 
napolis burned. 

1778.  Dr.  Richard  Burgess,  Surgeon-Major  to  Colonel 
Marbury's  Battalion. — Dr.  Edward  Johnson  ordered  to  let  Dr. 
James  Craig  have  250  pounds  of  bark;  also  to  sell  400  pounds 
of  the  bark  lately  imported  l)y  Captain   Conway's   Privateer, 

659 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"Molly,"  at  £4  per  pound,  not  selling  more  than  two  pounds 
to  a  family,  nor  more  than  eight  pounds  to  a  physician. — Dr. 
John  Troup  returns  after  seven  months'  absence  in  France 
and  is  obliged  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance. — Dr.  Richard 
Tootel  to  deliver  to  Hon.  T!homas  Stone  one  pound  of  "jal- 
lop"  for  use  of  persons  undergoing  inoculation  in  Charles 
County ;  also  to  deliver  to  Dr.  Warfield,  of  Anne  Arundel 
County  two  pounds  of  bark,  one-half  pound  of  camphor,  two 
drachms  of  opium,  one-half  pound  of  copaiba,  one  pound  of 
jallop,  five  pounds  of  sal.  cathart.,  one-half  pound  of  calomel 
prep.,  and  one-half  ounce  of  arg.-nitr. — Dr.  James  McHenry 
becomes  Secretary  and  Aide-de-Camp  to  the  Commander-in- 
Chief,  General  Washington. 

1779.  Drs.  John  Labesius  and  Joseph  Harrison  begin  prac- 
tice.— Dr.  John  Johnson  pays  £250  for  camphor  for  the  State 
shop  at  Annapolis. — Drs.  Wiesenthal,  Hazlett,  Boyd,  Thomas 
Andrews,  Coale,  Ridgeley,  Wiilliam  Beard  and  Labesius,  agree 
upon  a  fee  table  in  accord  with  the  high  prices  of  the  neces- 
saries of  life,  the  poor  to  be  attended  gratis. — The  ensuing 
winter  intensely  cold;  $9000  given  by  the  citizens  for  the 
relief  of  the  poor. 

1780.  Dr.  Patrick  Sim  Smith,  Medical  Purveyor  for  the 
Army  in  Calvert  County,  and  Dr.  H.  Schnebly  the  same  for 
Frederick  County. — Dr.  James  Steuart  removes  from  An- 
napolis to  Baltimore. — Dr.  John  Parran,  of  Calvert  County, 
paid  £170  by  the  Committee  of  Safety  for  his  services. — 
First  Theatre  at  Baltimore. 

Death:  Dr.  William  Augustus  Dashiell. 

1781.  Military  Hospital  at  Baltimore  under  charge  of  Dr. 
Wiesenthal. — The  Governor  and  Council  issue  orders  to  Drs. 

660 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Murray,  Tootel  and  Steuart  to  cease  inoculating. — Almshouse 
of  Anne  Arundel  County  used  as  a  military  hospital. — The 
forces  at  xA.nnapolis  inoculated  by  Dr.  James  Murray  (April). 
— General  Washington,  Count  Rochambeau,  General  Viomenil 
and  others  pass  through  Baltimore,  which  is  illuminated  in 
honor  of  the  event.  Address  to  "VMashington  and  his  reply 
(September  8). — Dr.  James  McHenry  taken  prisoner  at  Battle 
of  Eutaw,  S.  C.  (September  8),  but  released  and  elected 
member  of  Maryland  Senate  in  December. 

1782.  Population  of  Baltimore  estimated  at  8ooo,  with  8 
churches  and  23  physicians. — Dr.  Henry  Keerl,  Hessian  Sur- 
geon, captured  at  Trenton,  settles  at  Baltimore. — Drs.  Ran- 
dal Hulse  and  Thomas  Love,  of  Baltimore  County,  employ 
the  trepan  with  relief,  in  the  case  of  a  child  who  has  received 
an  injury  of  the  head  {Boston  Evening  Post  and  General  Ad- 
vertiser).— Dr.  Hulse  leaves  for  England  never  to  return. — 
Dr.  John  Cradock,  member  of  House  of  Delegates. — First  line 
of  stage  coaches  established  between  Baltimore  and  Philadel- 
phia.— French  troops  returning  from  Yorktown  encamp  at 
Baltimore  till  close  of  War. — Streets  of  Baltimore  paved  for 
the  first  time. 

1783.  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  established. — 
Dr.  George  Brown  arrives  from  Ireland. — Among  the  physi- 
cians of  Baltimore  are  Drs.  Johnson,  Goodwin,  Troup,  An- 
drews, Coale,  Gilder,  Brown,  Little  John,  Ross,  Buchanan  and 
Wiesenthal. — Dr.  James  McHenry,  Member  of  Congress. — Dr. 
Lyde  Goodwin,  Judge  of  Orphans'  Court. — Regular  line  of 
coaches  from  Baltimore  to  Frederick  City  and  Annapolis. — 
Amount  expended  in  paving  the  streets  of  Baltimore,  £9952. 
— Conclusion     of    peace     celebrated;    Baltimore    illumiinated 

661 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

(April  21 ). — Dr.  Lyde  Goodwin,  Judge  of  Orphans'  Court 
(May  i6). — Public  dinner  to  General  Greene  at  Baltimore; 
addresses  (September  30). — British  evacuate  New  York. — 
Thanksgiving  throughout  the  country. — Public  dinner  to 
Washington  on  his  way  to  Annapolis  to  resign  his  commis- 
sion, Congress  having  met  there  on  account  of  threatening 
attitude  of  Pennsylvania  soldiers ;  addresses. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Thomas  Andrews ;  Richard  Brooke,  of  Prince 
George  County,  July  13,  set.  67. 

1784.  Dr.  C.  F.  Wiesenthal,  physician  to  German  Society. 
— Winter  very  severe;  the  harbor  of  Baltimore  closed  from 
January  2  to  March  25,  the  Bay  frozen  almost  to  its  mouth. 
— James  Rumsey,  a  native  of  Cecil  County,  patents  a  steamer. 
— First  circulating  library  established  at  Baltimore  by  Wm. 
Murphy,  M]arket  Street,  one  door  east  of  Calvert. — Scarlet 
fever  epidemic. — State  Quarantine  Law  passed. — Dr.  Ephraim 
Howard,  of  Elkridge,  estabhshes  an  artillery  forge  there. — 
Baltimore  streets  first  lighted ;  three  constables  and  fourteen 
watchmen  guard  the  town. — St.  John's  College  organized  at 
Annapolis. — First  M.  E.  Church  in  the  United  States  organ- 
ized at  Baltimore,  Thomas  Asbury  being  the  first  Bishop. — 
Lafayette  entertained  at  public  dinner;  addresses.  Legisla- 
ture declares  him  and  his  male  heirs  citizens  of  Maryland  for- 
ever (September  i). 

1785.  Bishop  Andrews  ordained. — An  autopsy  made  by  M. 
Mann  criticised  (January  11). — Medical  reform  and  suppres- 
sion of  quackery  discussed  in  the  paper  (November  21,  De- 
cember 13  and  23). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Stevenson,  the  founder  of  the  Commerce 
of  Baltimore,  set.  67 ;  Ephraim  Andrews. 

662 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1786.  Dr.  Henry  Stevenson  returns  to  Baltimore  and  re- 
sumes inoculation. — Dr.  Samuel  Owings,  member  of  House  of 
Delegates. — Dr.  Josias  Carvil  Hall,  member  of  Governor's 
Council. — Reform  still  discussed   (February  2). 

Death :  Dr.  W:^llace  Hanson  Jenifer,  of  Charles  County, 
set.  34. 

1787.  Population  of  Baltimore,  estimated,  9775,  physicians, 
25. — Dr.  Reuben  Guilder,  who  had  been  Surgeon  throughout 
the  W!ar  to  Hazlett's  Regiment  (Blue  Hen's  Chickens)  settles 
at  Baltimore. — Dr.  John  Scott  appointed  Naval  Officer  of 
Eighth  District,  Eastern  Shore. — Stage  route  established  be- 
tween Baltimore  and  Annapolis ;  tri-weekly  trips. — Baltimore 
has  the  first  land  carriage  propelled  by  steam  in  the  world. — 
Grand  Lodge  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  founded  at  Talbot  Court  House 
(April  17). 

1788.  Society  for  promoting  "abolition  of  slavery  and  for 
relief  of  free  negroes  and  others  unlawfully  held  in  bondage" 
organized  at  Baltimore,  and  building  for  school  erected  in 
Sharp  Street. — New  channel  cut  for  Jones  Falls,  Baltimore, 
"from  the  lower  mill  at  Bath  Street  across  the  meadow  to 
Gay  Street  Bridge.  Old  course  by  the  Court  House  gradually 
filled  up." — The  body  of  Patrick  Cassiday,  an  executed  mur- 
derer, given  to  the  doctors  for  dissection,  but  forcibly  taken 
from  them  by  a  mob  ("Griffith's  Annals"). — "Benevolus" 
urges  tTie  people  of  Baltimore  County  and  Town  to  secure  a 
lavv  restricting  the  practice  of  medicine  to  those  duly  quali- 
fied (July  2). — Dr.  C.  F.  Wiesenthal,  President,  issues  an 
appeal  to  the  physicians  of  the  State  to  convene  on  the  15th 
inst.,  at  Stark's  Tavern,  Baltimore,  to  digest  a  plan  for  the 
regulation   of   medical   practice    (December    11). — Dr.    Elislia 

663 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hall  addresses  Dr.  Wiesenthal  to  the  same  effect  (December 
13). — A  medical  society  organized,  President,  Dr.  Wiesenthal; 
Secretary,  Mr.  Frederick  Dalcho;  Drs.  Boyd,  Goodwin, 
Brown,  Guilder  and  others  members  ("December  16). — Dr. 
Elisha  Hall  addresses  the  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore  on  the 
regulation  of  the  practice  of  physic,  and  sketches  a  plan  for  a 
State  Medical  Society,  which  embraces  the  chief  features  later 
embodied  in  the  charter  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty (December  26.) 

1789.  Physicians  at  Baltimore,  29. — Influenza  epidemic 
during  fall  and  ensuing  winter. — Drs.  George  Buchanan, 
grandson  of  George  Buchanan,  the  emigrant ;  Edward  John- 
son, Thomas  Johnson,  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  Miles  Littlejohn 
and  James  Wynkoop  begin  practice  at  Baltimore. — The  first 
General  Council  of  the  CathoUc  Clergy  in  America  is  held 
at  Baltimore. — Dr.  George  Buchanan  publishes  his  "Treatise 
on  Typhus  Fever,"  with  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  Lying- 
in  Hospital  at  Baltimore  (this  is  the  first  medical  monograph 
of  a  Baltimore  physician  published). — Drs.  S.  S.  Coale,  An- 
drew Wiesenthal,  George  Buchanan,  Reuben  Guilder,  James 
Wynkoop,  Edward  Johnson,  George  Brown  and  Miles  Little- 
john appointed  physicians  to  Almshouse  (September  11). — 
The  Medical  Society  reorganized,  with  Dr.  Edward  Johnson 
President;  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  Secretary,  Treasurer  and  Li- 
brarian ;  John  Boyd,  R.  Guilder,  George  Buchanan  and  George 
Brown,  Court  of  Correspondence  (November  6,  "Griffith's 
Annals"). — St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  opened  and  dedi- 
cated (November  11). — Dr.  Buchanan  delivers  lectures  on 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  and  on  the  Brunonian  System 
to  a  class  of  nine  students  (December  6,  Maryland  Journal  and 
Baltimore  Advertiser) ,  and  Dr.  Andrew  Wiesenthal  on  Anat- 

664 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

omy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Operative  Surgery  and  the 
Gravid  Uterus,  to  fifteen  students,  at  his  house.  No.  40  North 
Gay  Street  (same  date,  Maryland  Gazette). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Charles  F.  Wiesenthal,  June  i,  set.  63 ;  Ephraim 
Howard. 

1790.  First  Census  by  General  Government.  Population 
of  State,  319,728;  of  city,  13,503,  vi^ith  30  physicians. — In- 
fluenza epidemic  throughout  the  country  (fall  of  1789  to  spring 
of  1790)  ;  some  called  it  an  "epidemic  putrid  cold." — Bank  of 
Maryland  chartered  with  $300,000  capital ;  $200,000  of  this 
raised  in  fourteen  days ;  exorbitant  dividends. — Baltimore 
owns  102  vessels  with  13,564  tons. — A  Mrs.  Reitman  gives 
notice  that  "having  duly  qualified  as  a  midwife,  she  hopes  in 
so  prolific  a  town  as  Baltimore,  to  get  patronage." — Dr.  George 
Buchanan  urges  the  registration  of  deaths,  the  creation  of  a 
public  park  and,  in  conjunction  with  Drs.  Wiesenthal,  Coale, 
Wynkoop,  Stevenson,  Little  John,  Moore  Falls  and  Hazlett, 
appeals  for  a  Humane  Society. — Complimentary  notice  of  lec- 
tures of  Drs.  George  Buchanan  and  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  by 
their  pupils ;  "hope  it  may  prove  the  beginning  of  a  perma- 
nent medical  school"  (March  16). — The  Faculty  of  Medical 
School  announced,  viz :  A.  Wiesenthal,  Anatomy ;  George 
Brown,  Medicine;  Lyde  Goodwin,  Surgery;  S.  S.  Coale, 
Chemistry  and  Materia  Medica;  George  Buchanan,  Midwifery 
{New  York  Daily  Advertiser,  April  10). — First  Session  of 
United  States  Circuit  Court  held  at  Baltimore  (May  7). — 
Controversy  on  Dissolution  of  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore 
(June  22  and  29,  July  i,  2,  6,  9,  16). — Dr.  Elisha  H^all  re- 
suscitates a  drowned  man;  necessity  of  a  "Humane  Society" 
pointed  out  (August  9). — Rev.  John  Carroll,  Vicar-General  of 

665 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Catholic  Church  in  America,  consecrated  first  CathoHc  Bishop 
in  the  United  States  (August  15). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Boyd,  February  4,  set.  53 ;  Jos.  Harrison. 

1791.  Dr.  WJesley  Baker  begins  practice. — General  Inocu- 
lation in  Kent  County. — Dr.  George  Buchanan  delivers  an 
oration  on  "The  Moral  and  Political  Evils  of  Slavery"  (July 
4). — St.  Mary's  Seminary  founded,  at  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Greene  Streets,  Baltimore  (July  10)  ;  the  first  Catholic  Semi- 
nary for  theological  students  in  the  United  States. 

Death :  Dr.  Buckler  Partridge. 

1792.  Yellow  fever  at  Philadelphia;  Drs.  John  Ross  and 
John  Wbrthington  appointed  by  Governor  Lee,  Quarantine 
Physicians,  the  former  by  sea,  the  latter  by  land. — Poor 
Relief  Association  incorporated. — First  Water  Company  in 
the  United  States  formed  at  Baltimore. — Almshouse  grounds 
increased  by  the  purchase  of  ten  additional  acres  at  a  cost 
of  £  167  (used  as  a  cemetery  when  Howard  Street  was  ex- 
tended in  1802). — Rev.  Thomas  J.  Clagett  ordained  first  P.  E. 
Bishop  of  Maryland  (September  17).— First  Regular  General 
Conference  of  M.  E.  Church  held  at  Baltimore  (November  i). 

1793.  Drs.  Henry  Wilkins  and  Thomas  Drysdale  begin 
practice. — One  thousand  whites  and  five  hundred  blacks  fleeing 
from  massacre  in  St.  Domingo,  seek  refuge  at  Baltimore; 
$12,500  raised  for  their  relief. — Quarantine  proclaimed  by 
Governor  Lee  against  all  infected  places.  Passengers  and 
baggage  from  Philadelphia  not  allowed  to  enter  the  city  until 
passed  by  Quarantine  Physicians. — Board  of  Health  reports 
Baltimore  free  from  yellow  fever. — A  Philadelphian  expresses 
indignation  because  he  is  stopped  en  route  to  Baltimore  and 

666 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

offered  toasted  cheese  on  the  end  of  a  pitchfork  by  the  Quar- 
antine guard. — Citizens  of  Baltimore  subscribe  £86i  for  the 
relief  of  yellow  fever  sufferers  at  Philadelphia. — Chestertown 
and  Havre  de  Grace  declare  quarantine  against  Philadelphia 
(September  12-27). — Hagerstown  Board  of  Health,  Drs. 
Samuel  Young,  Jacob  Schnebley  and  others,  does  the  same. — 
The  Legislature  authorizes  a  temporary  hospital  for  seamen 
of  infected  vessels  to  be  erected  at  Baltimore  (October  13, 
Chapter  57). 

1794.  Dr.  Thomas  Drysdale  appointed  by  the  Governor,  an 
additional  Quarantine  Physician. — Yellow  fever  at  Philadel- 
phia and  Baltimore. — Dysentery  epidemic. — Star  Fort  of 
brick  erected  on  Whetstone  Point  and  called  Fort  McHenry, 
in  honor  of  Dr.  James  McHenry,  Secretary  of  War ;  after- 
wards ceded  to  the  United  States  Government. — Site  of  hos- 
pital selected  by  Captain  Yellot  and  others  to  serve  as  a  tem- 
porary retreat  for  strangers  and  seafaring  men. — Potter's 
Field  purchased  opposite  hospital. — Grand  Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.  holds  its  first  meeting  at  Baltimore. — New  Board  of  Health 
proposed  (February  21). — Dr.  Drysdale  delivers  oration  on 
Slavery  (July  4). — Drs.  Ross,  Worthington  and  Drysdale 
ordered  by  Governor  Lee  to  stop  all  vessels  at  quarantine. 
City  authorities  charged  with  negligence  in  allowing  the  admis- 
sion of  yellow  fever  (July  8). — Drs.  Coulter,  Brown  and 
Goodwin  report  the  existence  of  "malignant  bilious  fever"  at 
Fells  Point  (August  13). — Dr.  Ross  defends  Board  of  Health, 
but  suggests  the  necessity  of  a  guard  at  Whetstone  Point  and 
erection  of  a  temporary  hospital  (August  15). — Board  of 
Health  reports  city  free  from  malignant  disease  and  admits 
only  344  deaths  in  August  and  September.  Philadelphia  de- 
cides   on    non-intercourse    with     Baltimore     (October     i). — 

667 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Baltimore  remonstrates  (October  3). — No  more  cases  re- 
ported (October  16). — Drs.  Goodwin,  Johnson,  Wilkins,  Haz- 
lett  and  others  certify  the  good  health  of  the  city  (October  23). 
— The  Board  of  Health  of  Baltimore  sends  report  of  epidemic 
to  the  New  York  Board  (October  28). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Cradock,  set.  45  ;  Moses  Dorling,  set.  60 ; 
John  Griffin,  set.  24;  William  Lyon,  set,  66. 

1795.  Exports  of  Baltimore  increase  from  $1,699,930  in 
1790-91,  to  $4,421,924  in  1794-95. — Dysentery  epidemic  at  Bal- 
timore.— Legislature  passes  an  Act  for  the  appointment  of  a 
health  officer  of  the  Port  of  Baltimore  at  a  salary  of  $100. — 
Peruvian  Bark  eighteen  shillings  per  pound;  red  bark  $4  per 
pound. — Dr.  George  Brown  and  others  found  the  Baltimore 
Library,  since  merged  with  the  Historical. — Bank  of  Baltimore 
chartered,  capital  $1,200,000. — Board  of  Health  of  city  elected 
(April  24). — The  inhabitants  petition  the  Legislature  for 
Quarantine  Act  and  appropriation  (May  5). — The  Board  of 
Health  adopts  rules  for  regulation  of  quarantine  and  appeals 
to  citizens  to  aid  in  their  enforcement  (May  7). — Hospital 
at  Hawkins  Point  ready  to  receive  the  sick  coming  from  in- 
fected ports ;  costs  $2840,  of  which  the  citizens  contribute 
$2119.75;  physician's  salary  $100  (June  18). — All  vessels 
from  South  America  or  West  Indies  to  be  quarantined  (July 
29). — No  hides  to  be  landed  from  vessels  within  city  limits 
(August  16). — Cokesbury  College,  erected  in  1785  by  the 
Methodist  Society  at  Abingdon,  Harford  County,  destroyed  by 
fire   (December  4). 

Death:  Dr.  Michael  Pue,  set.  53. 

1796.  Dr.  Andrew  Wiesenthal  appointed  Judge  of  Or- 
phans'   Court. — Drs.   John    Beale   Davidge,   Nathaniel   Potter 

668 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  John  Crawford  begin  practice  at  Baltimore. — Patent 
taken  out  for  antibilious  pills ;  the  first  for  quack  medicine  in 
America  (Q.)- — First  Directory  of  City  issued. — Methodist 
Academy  and  Free  School  founded. — Charitable  Marine  So- 
ciety organized. — Baltimore  Library  incorporated  and  opens 
on  Lemon  Street  (October  22). — Baltimore  incorporated  as 
a  city  (December  31). 

Death:  Dr.  Moses  Hazlett,  set  57. 

1797.  Yellow  fever  epidemic. — Dr.  Joseph  Brevitt  an- 
nounces that  "he  has  undertaken  the  specialty  of  midwifery" 
at  Baltimore,  and  "having  been  educated  under  European  pro- 
fessors, is  fully  qualified  to  undertake  the  Branch."  "He 
denies  the  use  of  forceps  and  all  other  instruments  in  natural 
cases." — Frederick  City  College  organized. — Taxable  property 
of  city,  £700,000  in  round  numbers. — Harford  Medical  So- 
ciety founded  at  "Medical  Hall,"  Harford  County,  by  John 
Archer,  M.B.,  and  his  pupils  (April  i). — Board  of  Health 
organized. — City  Council  passes  ordinance  to  prevent  intro- 
duction of  pestilential  diseases  and  orders  closure  of  theatres 
(April  7-25). — Dr.  Andrew  Wiesenthal  discovers  the  parasite 
of  tracheo-bronchitis  in  fowls  (May  i,  London  Medical  and 
Physical  Journal,  October,  1799). — Drs.  Falls,  Davidge  and 
Goodwin  report  existence  of  bilious  remittent  fever  at  Fells 
Point  (August  29). — Dr.  Joseph  Allender  warns  the  Board  of 
Health  that  a  malignant  epidemic  prevails  and  urges  the 
members  to  inspect  the  Point  themselves  (September  2). — Sub- 
scription opened  for  distressed  inhabitants  of  Philadelphia 
(September  7). — Board  of  Health  establishes  a  temporary 
encampment  for  the  sick  north  of  the  City  Hospital  site 
and  assigns  Drs.  Joseph  Wlay  and  James  Smith  as  attend- 
ing   physicians    (September    16). — Annapolis    declares    quar- 

669 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

antine  against  Baltimore  (October  9). — Dr.  Andrew  Wjiesen- 
thal  advertises  to  give  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Surgery. 
"Fees  for  course:  for  graduates,  $24;  those  attending  last 
year  will  have  the  same  privilege  again  by  paying  the  differ- 
ence between  an  ordinary  ticket  and  $24;  students  attending 
three  courses,  on  paying  $40  will  have  a  perpetual  right" 
(October  11). — A  physician  reports  that  he  has  taken  130 
ounces  of  blood,  given  356  grains  of  mercury  and  rubbed  in 
12  ounces  of  mercurial  ointment  in  a  patient  with  yellow  fever 
(October  26,  Federal  Gazette). — Legislature  passes  an  Act 
to  authorize  the  erection  at  or  near  Baltimore,  of  a  hospital 
for  the  indigent,  sick  and  insane  and  makes  an  appropria- 
tion of  $8000  therefor  (this  was  the  City,  Public  or  Mary- 
land Hospital  on  North  Broadw^ay). — Dr.  Henry  Stevenson 
reports  67  cases  of  yellow  fever  treated  by  him  from  July 
to  October  with  but  six  deaths.  His  treatment  no  vene- 
section, little  calomel  and  free  use  of  tonics  (November  2, 
Federal  Gazette). — Gen.  Washington,  in  anticipation  of  war 
with  France,  reviews  troops  here  (November  7). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Edward  Johnson,  formerly  of  Calvert  County, 
ast.  60;  B.  Dobell;  Day,  of  Harford  County;  Aquila  Durham, 
of  Harford  County,  September  4,  set.  57. 

1798.  Yellow  fever  epidemic  at  Philadelphia. — Dr.  Henry 
Wilkins  establishes  a  drug  store  at  No.  6  South  Street. — A 
new  and  malignant  fever  prevails  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State  ("Medical  Repository,"  vol.  iv,  351). — The  City  Council 
directs  a  committee,  consisting  of  Mayor  Calhoun  and  Messrs. 
Yellot,  Lawson  and  McKim,  to  select  a  site  and  authorizes 
t!he  purchase  of  6^  acres  for  the  City  Hospital  for  $600. 
Building  begun  (February  20). — Health  ordinance  adopted 
(March    2). — Maryland    Society    for   promoting   Useful    and 

670 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Ornamental  Knovvledg-e,  founded  on  the  proposal  of  Mr, 
James  Priestley,  of  Baltimore,  seconded  by  General  Stone,  Dr. 
Crawford,  Rev.  Mr.  Bend,  and  Messrs.  James  Carroll  and 
John  Kilty ;  first  meeting  held  May  lo ;  constitution  adopted 
December  13;  last  recorded  meeting  in  minute  book,  March 
28,  1806. — Quarantine  against  New  York  and  Wilmington, 
Del. ;  hides  and  coffee  from  West  Indies  prohibited  (August 
17). — Quarantine  proclaimed  by  Mayor  for  fifteen  days 
against  persons  and  goods  from  Philadelphia ;  all  persons  from 
that  city  to  stop  at  Mery's  Tavern  and  undergo  inspection  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Way  (August  18). — 67  deaths  at  Fells  Point  (Au- 
gust 25). — Packets  from  Frenchtown  to  be  quarantined  at 
the  Fort  (September  i). — Legislature  grants  $3000  additional 
in  aid  of  "Public  Hospital"  and  requires  the  Mayor  and  Coun- 
cil to  make  rules  for  its  government  and  select  an  attending 
physician  (November). — Davidge's  work  on  yellow  fever  pub- 
lished. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Andrew  Wiesenthal,  set.  36 ;  Samuel  Stringer 
Coale,  set.  44;  Thomas  Drysdale,  set.  28. 

1799.  Yellow  fever  at  Baltimore;  also  in  Cecil,  Harford, 
Charles,  Dorchester  and  other  counties  of  Maryland. — Drs. 
William  Matthews  and  J.  J.  Jacquett  begin  practice  at  Balti- 
more.— General  Quarantine  Law  passed  by  Congress ;  re- 
ported by  Smith,  of  Maryland. — Health  Ordinance  passed 
(February  27). — Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  organized  at 
Annapolis,  with  Dr.  Upton  Scott,  of  Annapolis,  as  President, 
and  Dr.  Ashton  Alexander,  of  Baltimore,  as  Secretary  (June 
3). — Baltimore  declares  non-intercourse  with  Philadelphia 
(August  28). — Order  of  August  28  rescinded;  City  Council 
appeals  for  aid  for  destitute  and  sick  at  Fells  Point  (Octo- 
ber 2). 

43  671 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1800.  Population  of  Baltimore,  26,614;  of  the  State, 
341,548. — Dr.  Douier,  late  of  British  Navy,  settles  at  Fells 
Point ;  Dr.  L.  M.  Dunan  arrives  from  France.  Yellow  fever 
at  Fells  Point. — Benevolent  Society  of  Baltimore  organized; 
suggested  by  Mrs.  Eleanor  Rogers,  mother-in-law  of  Dr. 
Geo.  Buchanan,  primus. — Dr.  J.  J.  Giraud  publishes  his  for- 
mula for  the  prevention  and  cure  of  yellow  fever;  consists 
of  ipecac,  etc. — During  the  summer  of  this  year  Dr.  John 
Crawford  introduces  vaccination  into  Baltimore,  the  virus 
being  obtained  from  Mr.  Ring,  of  London.  This  was  con- 
temporary with  its  use  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  July  8  (see  "Ring  on  Cowpox,"  1801,  p.  459). 
The  supply  of  Crawford  and  Waterhouse  was  exhausted  and 
Waterhouse's  second  supply  arrived  in  1801,  simultaneously 
with  a  supply  for  Dr.  James  Smith,  of  Baltimore. — Philippe 
Ricord,  celebrated  French  syphilographer,  born  at  Baltimore. 
' — Funeral  rites  of  George  Washington  celebrated  at  Balti- 
more. Procession,  address  and  services  at  Christ  Church. 
Immense  concourse  of  people  (January  i). — To  prevent 
spread  of  epidemic,  an  encampment  is  opened  for  the  sick 
north  of  the  hospital  (September  2). — Dr.  James  Smith  opens 
his  house  to  yellow  fever  sufferers.  City  authorities  admit 
that  the  epidemic  is  yellow  fever.  Lime,  ashes  and  lye  to  be 
used  as  disinfectants  (September  5). — Annapolis  and  Alex- 
andria declare  quarantine  against  Baltimore  (September  8-12). 
' — Pestilence  has  ceased;  total  deaths,  1197,  viz:  978  adults, 
219  children;  by  far  the  great  majority  of  deaths  occur  in 
East  Baltimore ;  Legislature  appropriates  $2000,  the  city  $3000 
for  the  sufferers  at  Baltimore  (October  27). — City  Hospital 
about  one-third  completed  and  accommodates  130  patients; 
$3000  has  been  expended  in  addition  to  the  State  appropriation 
(November  13). 

672 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths :  Drs.  Charles  F.  Stinnecke,  Johnsey  Doughady, 
Wesley  Baker;  John  Purnell,  at  Snow  Hill,  December,  set.  35. 

1801.  Lazaretto  built  on  Point  opposite  Fort  McHenry. — 
Baltimore  General  Dispensary  founded,  chiefly  through  the 
efforts  of  Dr.  John  Crawford ;  234  patients  treated  the  first 
year  (January  9). — Dr.  James  Smith,  of  Baltimore,  vaccinates 
with  virus  procured  from  the  physician  of  St.  Pancras  Hos- 
pital, London,  by  Mr.  John  Taylor,  and  sent  by  him  to  his 
brother,  William  Taylor,  of  Baltimore,  who  gives  the  supply 
to  his  family  physician.  Dr.  M'iles  Littlejohn,  and  he,  to  have 
it  tested,  gives  it  to  Dr.  Smith,  who  makes  successful  trial 
of  it  at  Almshouse  (M|ay  i),  first  on  the  person  of  a  child 
named  Nancy  Malcolm,  and  later  upon  others  (Dr.  Smith 
published  the  history  of  these  cases  in  the  Baltimore  Tele- 
gram, December  5  and  8,  1801,  and  also  in  the  Vaccine  In- 
quirer, 1822). — Female  Orphan  Asylum  opened  (May  11). 
— Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  meets  in  second  session  at 
Annapolis.  Dr.  Philip  Thomas,  of  Fredericktown,  elected 
President,  vice  Upton  Scott  declining  reelection.  Medical 
College  proposed  (June  9). — Nineteen  licenses  and  certificates 
issued  to  June. 

Deaths:  Drs.  Lyde  Goodwin,  at  Baltimore,  aet.  76  (?)  ;  Wm. 
Lansdale,  in  St.  Mary's  County,  March,  set.  36;  Gustavus 
Brown,  in  St.  Mary's  County,  July  3,  set.  57;  R.  L  Duckett,  in 
Prince  George  County,  November. 

1802.  New  Jail  adjoining  the  Falls  on  Mill  Street  com- 
pleted.— Benjamin  Henfrey,  of  Baltimore,  first  to  discover  a 
method  of  creating  light  by  gas  from  wood. — A  few  cases  of 
yellow  fever  at  Baltimore. — Dr.  James  Smith  establishes  a 
Vaccine  Institute  at   his   residence   (March  25)  ;  this  institu- 

673 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tion,  one  of  the  objects  of  which  was  to  provide  vaccine  virus 
gratuitously  to  the  poor,  was  maintained  by  Dr.  Smith  at  his 
own  expense  until  1832.  The  services  of  this  physician  in 
promoting  the  introduction  and  spread  of  this  great  boon  and 
in  repeatedly  arresting  epidemics  of  smallpox,  entitle  him  to 
the  eternal  gratitude  of  this  community. — The  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  meets  in  special  session  at  Baltimore.  The 
President  urges  the  establishment  of  a  medical  college  and 
a  committee  is  appointed  to  frame  a  plan ;  vaccination  officially 
endorsed  (June  15). — Dr.  John  B.  Davidge  begins  lectures 
on  Anatomy,  Surgery,  Midwifery  and  Physiology  (December 
7)  ;  these  lectures  were  continued  annually  until  merged  in 
the  College  of  Medicine  of  Maryland  in   1807. 

Deaths:    Drs.    Daniel   Moores,   at    Baltimore,   set.    57    ( ?)  ; 
Thomas  N.  Stockett,  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  May  16,  aet.  54. 


Baltimore  College  chartered  and  by  aid  of  lottery 
erected  in  Mulberry  Street;  Bishop  Carroll,  President  of 
Board  of  Trustees,  and  Mr.  James  Priestley,  Principal. — Balti- 
more becomes  Metropolitan  See  of  Roman  Catholic  Church  in 
the  United  States.— Mount  St.  Mary's  College  at  Emmitsburg 
organized. — Drs.  Ennalls  Martin,  Tristram  Thom.as  and 
Stephen  Theodore  Johnson  introduce  vaccination  into  Talbot 
County. — Biennial  meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty at  Baltimore  (June  3). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Ezekiel  Haynie,  at  Princess  Anne,  Somerset 
County,  set.  53 ;  Edward  Scott,  at  Galena,  Kent  County,  Oc- 
tober; James  Sullivan,  in  Dorchester  County,  July  3,  set.  66. 

1804.  Penitentiary  erected  on  Madison  Street,  near  th'e 
York  Road,  largely  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  John  Crawford. 
— Bilious  fever  epidemic. — Cinchona  bark  four  to  six  dollars 

674 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

per  pound. — Medical  Society  of  Baltimore  founded,  with  Dr. 
Dunkel  as  President,  and  Dr.  Davidge  as  Secretary. — Dr. 
James  Cocke,  in  his  graduation  thesis  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  defends  the  propriety  and  practicability  of 
ovariotomy. — Dr.  Joseph  Brevitt,  of  Baltimore,  advertises  as 
"man-midwife." 

Deaths :  Drs.  Gustavus  R.  Brown,  at  Port  Tobacco,  Sep- 
tember 30,  set.  56;  Edward  Worrell,  at  Chestertown,  October 
18,  set.  41 ;  Howes  Goldsborough,  in  Dorchester  County,  Oc- 
tober 20,  set.  32. 

1805.  Dr.  James  Cocke  begins  practice  at  Baltimore. — 
First  drug  store  established  in  Queen  Anne's  County ;  kept 
by  Dr.  Benjamin  Hall. — St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore,  incor- 
porated as  a  University. — Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie  reduce  a 
dislocation  of  the  shoulder  of  six  months'  standing  and  Dr. 
James  Cocke  one  of  four  months'  standing. — The  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore ;  Drs.  Crawford  and 
Davidge  deliver  orations;  vaccination  again  endorsed;  licenses 
to  be  granted  to  oculists  when  competent  (June). — Malignant 
"bilious"  fever  prevails  at  Elkton,  80  being  sick  at  a  time 
(September  and  October.  Described  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Evans, 
"History  of  Cecil  County,"  by  Johnston). 

1806.  First  line  of  packets  between  Baltimore  and  Phila- 
delphia, consisting  of  four  sloops  which  ran  to  Frenchtown 
on  Elk  River,  whence  freight  was  carried  by  wagons  to  New- 
castle, Del.,  thence  by  water  to  Philadelphia. — Foundation  of 
Cathedral  at  Baltimore  laid,  the  first  Cathedral  erected  in  the 
United  States  (July  6). 

1807.  Influenza  epidemic. — Dr.  John  Shaw,  of  Annapolis, 
settles   at  Baltimore  and  joins   Drs.   Davidge  and   Cocke   in 

675 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

instructing  medical  students,  taking  the  Department  of  Chem- 
istry.— Union  Bank  built  on  North  Charles  Street. — Relief 
from  drowning  added  to  work  of  Baltimore  General  Dispen- 
sary.— Buildings  of  wood  prohibited  in  the  centre  and  im- 
proved parts  of  the  city. — First  stock  purchased  by  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  (January  i).  Annual  meeting  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore;  resolu- 
tions passed  dividing  the  State  into  medical  districts  with  a 
view  to  the  establishment  of  "district  medical  societies,"  for 
"the  promotion  of  medical  and  chirurgical  knowledge"  (June 
i). — Dr.  Davidge's  Anatomical  Hall,  southeast  corner  of  Lib- 
erty and  Saratoga  Streets,  demolished  by  a  mob.  The  physi- 
cians rally  to  Davidge's  support  and  determine  to  apply  to  the 
Legislature  for  a  charter  for  a  medical  college  (November). 
—Medical  College  Bill  passes  Legislature  (December  i8). — 
Board  of  Regents  of  Medical  College  meets  and  organizes 
with  Dr.  George  Brown  as  President,  Solomon  Birckhead  as 
Treasurer,  and  James  Cocke  as  Secretary.  Dr.  Davidge 
elected  as  Dean  of  the  Faculty.  Seven  students  this  session 
(December  28). 

Death :  Dr.  Leven  Irving,  in  Somerset  County,  April  8, 
set.  54. 

1808.  New  Courthouse  erected  at  Baltimore,  old  arched 
Courthouse  pulled  down  and  hill  leveled. — Legislature  grants  a 
lottery  of  $40,000  for  the  benefit  of  the  Medical  College,  after- 
wards increased  to  $100,000. — Baltimore  General  Dispensary 
incorporated ;  has  had  6263  patients  tO'  date. — Bishop  John 
Carroll  becomes  first  Catholic  Archbishop  in  the  United  States. 
— Medical  and  Physical  Recorder  published  by  Dr.  T.  Watkins. 
— Yellow  fever  prevails  in  Pitt  Street,  Fells  Point,  in  most 
malignant    form.     A   prompt    removal    of   the   inhabitants   by 

676 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  advice  of  Dr.  John  Coulter,  prevents  its  extension  from 
this  situation. — Dr.  Edward  Johnson  elected  Mayor. — Quar- 
antine suspended  (March  17). — City  leases  Maryland  Hos- 
pital for  fifteen  years  to  Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie  (June  24). 
— Legislature  grants  lottery  for  $40,000  for  benefit  of  Mary- 
land Hospital   (December  24). 

Death:  Dr.  George  Buchanan,  at  Lazaretto,  Philadelphia, 
July  9,  of  yellow  fever,  set.  45. 

1809.  Punishment  of  death  restricted  to  crimes  of  murder, 
arson,  rape  and  treason. — Rockville  Academy,  Montgomery 
County,  established. — New  Courthouse  at  Baltimore  completed 
and  occupied. — Legislature  grants  authority  for  lottery  to 
raise  $100,000  to  erect  Washington  Monument. — Legislature 
grants  lottery  in  aid  of  Dr.  James  Smith's  Vaccine  Institute, 
but  nothing  ever  realized  from  it. — Seventeen  deaths  from 
smallpox  reported  at  Sharpsburg,  due  to  use  of  spurious  virus 
(September  13). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Shaw,  at  sea  on  his  way  to  the  Bahamas 
in  search  of  health,  January  10,  set.  30;  Z.  Magruder,  in  Mont- 
gomery County,  December  2,  set.  44. 

1810.  Population  of  city,  46,555  ;  of  State,  380,546. — Small- 
pox appears  but  is  soon  extinguished  by  vaccination  through 
the  efforts  of  Dr.  James  Smith  and  others. — Vaccine  Society 
in  aid  of  Institute  organized  by  Bishop  Carroll,  Rev.  Dr. 
Bend,  William  Gwynn,  Esq.,  Dr.  James  Smith  and  others. — 
First  public  commencement  of  Medical  College ;  5  graduates. 
■^Dr.  John  Crawford  reports  a  striking  proof  of  the  con- 
tagious nature  of  phthisis  pulmonalis  in  a  man  and  wife  (Re- 
port of  Censors  of  Baltimore,  MS.  Archives). — Dr.  Crawford 
also   notes   relief   in  pertussis   by   vaccination. — Smallpox  and 

677 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

spotted  fever  at  Baltimore. — Ninety  deaths  in  city  in  Aug-ust 
from  cholera  infantum. 

Deaths:  Drs.  John  Archer,  in  Harford  County,  September 
28,  a;t.  69 ;  John  Coats,  at  Easton,  November  30,  jet.  59. 

1811.  Dr.  James  Smith  becomes  Treasurer  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  giving  $1500  bond.  Dr.  Solomon 
Birckhead  being  his  security. — Medical  and  Philosophical 
LyccBwn,  quarterly,  published  by  Dr.  N.  Potter  (one  volume). 

Death :  Dr.  James  Davidson,  at  Queenstown,  June,  set.  68. 

1812.  Mechanics  Bank,  corner  Calvert  and  East  (Fayette) 
Streets,  Baltimore,  built. — Legislature  grants  $5000  annually 
for  three  years  to  Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie,  for  completion 
of  Maryland  Hospital.  Board  of  Visitors  report  hospital  in 
good  order,  central  building  nearly  completed,  and  accommo- 
dations provided  for  100  patients.  Dr.  William  Gibson,  Con- 
sulting Surgeon  and  Drs.  George  Brown,  Miles  Littlejohn, 
Jdhn  Coulter,  J.  C.  White,  John  Crawford,  Solomon  Birck- 
head, Pierre  Chatard,  John  Cromwell  and  Ashton  Alexander, 
Consulting  Physicians. — Dr.  James  Smith  addresses  a  circular 
letter  to  each  M.  C.  setting  forth  the  advantages  of  vaccina- 
tion and  enclosing  virus. — Dr.  John  Crawford  lectures  on 
Natural  History  in  Commerce  Street. — West  Nottingham 
Academy  at  Colora,  Md.,  established. — One  hundred  and 
thirty-five  deaths  from  smallpox  from  October,  181 1,  to  April, 
1812,  inclusive. — Medical  Society  of  Baltimore  organized 
(January  8). — Dr.  James  Smith  extinguishes  a  threatened  epi- 
demic of  smallpox  in  Calvert  County  (January  26). — Jenne- 
rian  Society  organized,  Bishop  Kemp,  President ;  Dr.  James 
Smith,  Secretary  (February  6). — The  smallpox  has  subsided 
by  May  i  and  no  deaths  from  it  at  Baltimore  for  four  years 

678 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

after  this.— Medical  College  building  on  Lombard  Street  be- 
gun (May  7).— House  of  Industry  (later,  1831,- House  of 
Refuge)  organized  by  Drs.  Edward  Johnson,  James  McHenry, 
George  Roberts,  James  H.  McCullough  and  others  (February 
1 4). —Thirty-eight  leading  physicians  of  the  city  offer  to  vacci- 
nate gratuitously  and  to  pay  each  child  presenting  proof  of 
genuine  vaccination,  twenty-five  cents;  Dr.  James  Smith  dis- 
tributes virus  and  inspects  vaccine  marks  free  (February  16). 
—Dr.  Edward  Jenner,  of  England,  tests  Dr.  James  Smith's 
virus  and  finds  it  genuine  (March  17).— Class  of  five  gradu- 
ates at  the  Medical  College ;  these  are  the  first  graduates  whose 
names  were  published  (May  4).— War  declared  against  Eng- 
land (June  18).— Newspaper  riots  at  Baltimore;  Dr.  William 
Gibson  ligates  the  common  iliac  artery,  the  first  case  on  record 
(July  27).— Act  founding  University  of  Maryland  passed  by 
Legislature  (December  29). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Jacob  Hall,  in  Harford  County,  May  7,  Jet.  65 ; 
Wm.  Baker,  at  Georgetown;  James  Gray,  in  Calvert  County, 
set.  66. 

1813.  Epidemic  fever  prevails  in  Talbot  and  Queen  Anne's 
Counties,  in  winter  and  spring,  described  by  Dr.  Ennalls  Mar- 
tin.—Masonic  Hall,  St.  Paul  Street,  Baltimore,  begun  by  aid 
of  lottery.— Legislature  authorizes  the  Chancellor  to  commit 
idiots  and  lunatics  to  Baltimore  Hospital.— United  States  Gov- 
ernment establishes  National  Vaccine  Institute  at  Baltimore, 
with  Dr.  James  Smith  as  Agent.— University  of  Maryland 
organized  (January  6).— The  building  on  Lombard  Street 
partly  occupied  during  this  session  (April  22).— Meeting  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  (June  7,  Federal  Gazette).— 
First  steamboat  ever  floated  on  Chesapeake  Bay  ('The  Chesa- 
peake")  makes  a  trip  from  Baltimore  to  Frenchtown  on  Elk 

679 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

River  (June  21);  the  vessel  was  built  at  Baltimore  for  the 
Union  Line  to  Philadelphia. — The  Faculty  of  the  University 
of  Maryland  purchases  Dr.  Crawford's  medical  library  from 
his  widow  (November). 

Deaths :  Drs.  C.  A.  Warfield,  in  Anne  Arundel  County,  Janu- 
ary 29,  set.  61;  John  Crawford,  at  Baltimore,  May  9,  set.  67; 
S.  T.  Johnson,  at  Easton,  July  16;  P.  E.  Noel,  at  Centerville, 
October  14,  set.  45  ;  James  Cocke,  at  Baltimore,  October  25. 

1814.  Beneficial  Society  for  prevention  of  hydrophobia 
founded  by  Drs.  Henry  Wilkins,  James  Smith,  William  Don- 
aldson, Samuel  Baker,  James  Page  and  Elisha  DeButts  (Jan- 
uary 26). — City  extends  lease  of  Drs.  Smyth  and  Mackenzie 
for  ten  years,  on  certain  conditions  (March  21)  ;  by  loans  from 
State  and  by  lotteries  they  erect  centre  brick  building,  four 
stories,  64  x  56  feet,  and  two  wings,  three  stories,  120  x  36  feet 
each ;  whole  front,  300  feet. — "Medical  men  of  Baltimore  not 
attached  as  surgeons  to  regiments  are  notified  to  meet  at  Dr. 
Gibson's  at  8  o'clock  to  organize  a  corps  to  follow  the  army 
if  needed"  (August  28). — Battle  of  North  Point;  General 
Ross,  the  British  Commander,  killed ;  Dr.  George  Pitt  Steven- 
son, aide  to  General  Strieker,  complimented  for  gallantry  and 
efficiency  in  the  battle  (September  12). — Bombardment  of 
Fort  McHenry  (September  13)  ;  234  sick  and  wounded  from 
the  troops  around  Baltimore  brought  to  the  "Public  Hospital." 

Deaths :  Drs.  Upton  Scott,  first  President  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  at  Annapolis,  February  23,  in  ninety- 
second  year;  Henry  Stevenson,  at  Baltimore,  March  31,  set. 
92;  Josias  Carvil  Hall,  set.  68. 

1815.  Brookville  Academy  founded. — Peace  declared,  city 
illuminated     (January     15). — Epidemic    in    Charles    and    St. 

680 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGIOAL  FACULTY 
Mary-s  Coumies  (March  ,4). -Corner-stone  of  Masonic  Hall, 
St    Paul  Street,  laid,  Maximilian  Godefroy,  Architect   (May 
16) -Meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty;  Dr.  En- 
nalls  Martin  elected  President,  Dr.  John  Arnest,  Secretary; 
Dr   Richard  Wilmot  Hall  delivers  oration  in  Anatomical  Hall 
of  the  University  on  "The  Law  of  Organization"  (June  5)-- 
Corner-stone  of  Washington  Monument  laid  on  POund  given 
by  Col.  John  Eager  Howard;  the  first  erected  to  the    Father 
of  his  Country"  (July  4) -Foundation  stone  of  Battle  Monu- 
ment laid  on  site  of  old  jail  (September  12). 

Deaths;    Drs.    Brooke,    at    Port    Tobacco,    March ;    Ph  lip 
Thomas,  at  Fredericktown,  April  25,  «t.  67;  Miles  Littlejohn. 

1816.     Second  Almshouse  erected  on  Franklin  Road,  west 
of  city  occupied  until  1866;  in  .865  it  had  800  inmates.-Dr. 
James  Smith  memorializes  Congress  to  extend  benefits  of  vac- 
cination to  Army  and  Navy.-Dr.  P.  K.  Rogers,  of  Fells  Point. 
Baltimore,  persists  in  inoculating  against  the  public  remon- 
strance of  Dr.  James  Smith.     Dr.  Smith  notifies  the  public 
that  although  the  Act  of  1809  has  expired,  he  will  still  furnish 
vaccine  virus  gratuitously  to  all.-Dr.  James  Smyth  furnishes 
City  Hospital  with  wax  anatomical  models  at  a  cost  of  $20,000. 
They  were  made  by  Chiappi  and  embraced  a  male  and  female 
figure,  of  life  size,  the  parts  and  organs  of  which  were  sepa- 
rable   showing  the  internal  organization,  gravid  uterus,  etc. 
These  models  were  destroyed  in  the  burning  of  Peak's  Mu- 
s.um,  where  they  had  been  deposited.-Threatened  smallpox 
epidemic  at  Baltimore  stamped  out  by  Dr.  James  Smith  and 
others.-Same  prevails  in  Dorchester  and  Queen  Anne's  Coun- 
ties   where  Drs.  Robert  Goldsborough,  J.  K.  Harper  and  J. 
D  Emory  offer  to  vaccinate  the  poor  gratuitously  and  by  their 
zeal  overcome  the  public  prejudice  against  it.-Specie  payment 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

resumed. — Act  passed  enlarging  city ;  as  enlarged  consists  of 
parallelogram,  3}^  x  45^  square  miles,  including  10,000  acres, 
land  and  water  and  twelve  wards. — Over  $4,000,000,  of  $28,- 
000,000  total,  subscribed  here  to  Bank  of  United  States,  of 
which  a  branch  is  established  at  Baltimore. — Dr.  Skipwith 
Coale  invents  apparatus  for  'fracture  of  clavicle,  which  is 
highly  commended  by  Drs.  Gibson  and  Davidge. — By  petition 
to  Legislature,  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  procures 
an  Act  allowing  one  censor  in  each  of  the  counties  to  qualify 
the  graduates  of  the  respective  medical  schools  who  can  show 
a  genuine  diploma,  the  act  of  the  censors  being  as  effectual  as 
though  the  applicant  had  been  qualified  by  the  Board  of  one 
or  other  Shore. — The  first  gaslight  company  m  the  v/orld  or- 
ganized at  Baltimore ;  gas  works  erected  southwest  corner  of 
North  and  Saratoga  Streets  (June  17). — Sixth  District  Medi- 
cal Society  founded  at  Easton,  Talbot,  Caroline  and  Queen 
Anne's  Counties  being  represented  by  Drs.  Ennalls  Martin, 
Tristram  Thomas,  T.  R.  Moon,  G.  T.  Martin,  S.  T.  Kemp, 
Earle,  Barnett,  Rodgers,  T.  Denny,  J.  Young,  Spedden  and 
A.  Thompson  (November  5). — Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty in  special  session  at  Baltimore   (December  16). 

Deaths :  Drs.  James  McHenry,  at  Baltimore,  May  3,  set.  63 ; 
John  Neill,  at  Snow  Hill,  June,  set.  dy ;  William  Somerville, 
set.  54. 

1817.  Regular  steamboat  line  between  Baltimore  and  An- 
napolis.— First  Independent  Christ's  Church  erected  northwest 
corner  Charles  and  Franklin  Streets,  Rev.  Jared  Sparks, 
minister. — Circular  Baptist  Church  erected,  northeast  corner 
of  Sharp  and  Lombard  Streets.  Old  church  and  grounds  on 
Pitt  (Fell)  Street  are  sold  and  bodies  removed  thence  to  ceme- 
tery southwest  of  city. — German  Society  incorporated. — Auxil- 

682 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

iary  Colonization  Society  incorporated  to  transfer  free  blacks 
to  Africa. — Total  mortality  in  city,  1323. — Legislature  grants 
lottery  scheme  of  $100,000  to  Drs.  Davidge,  Potter,  Baker, 
Gibson,  McDowell  and  DeButts  for  benefit  of  the  University 
(January  16). — Levy  Courts  authorized  to  send  lunatics  to 
Maryland  Hospital,  for  each  of  whom  the  county  is  to  be 
assessed  $100,  Chapter  78  (January  29).— Medical  Society  of 
Maryland  incorporated.  Dr.  N.  Potter,  President,  and  other 
charter  members  Drs.  E.  DeButts,  Samuel  Baker,  Tobias  Wat- 
kins,  Ezra  Gillingham,  John  B.  Caldwell,  James  Middleton, 
Maxwell  McDowell,  R.  W.  Hall  and  Thomas  Hall  (Peb- 
ruar}')  ;  first  meeting  held  November  i. — Old  Belfry  and  St. 
Paul's  Church,  erected  1799,  torn  down  and  new  church  con- 
secrated ;  lots  sold  and  dead  removed  to  burial  ground  in  Ger- 
man Street  (March  11). — Smallpox  epidemic  stamped  out  at 
Baltimore  (May). — President  Monroe  visits  Fort  McHenry 
(June  i). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  held  at  Baltimore,  Dr.  Ennalls  Martin  reelected. 
Plan  for  district  n:iedical  societies  suggested  (June  2). — Flood 
at  Baltimore;  six  lives  lost  (August  8). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Abraham  Mitchell,  in  Cecil  County,  Septem- 
ber 30,  jet.  83;  Henry  Ploward,  jet.  44;  David  Steuart. 

1818.  Baltimore  Medical  Society,  connected  with  Univer- 
sity founded,  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  President. — Seventy-five 
physicians  at  Baltimore. — Drs.  Alexander  and  William  H. 
Clendinen  memorialize  City  Council  of  Baltimore  to  erect  a 
Maryland  Lying-in  and  Foundling  Hospital,  a  bill  for  which 
had  passed  the  House  of  Delegates  but  failed  in  the  Senate 
(MS.  City  Archives). — Clinical  Lectures  delivered  at  City 
Hospital  by  Prof.  N.  Potter,  with  permission  of  Drs.  Smyth 
and  Mackenzie. — Law  passed  on  petition  of  Medical  and  Ch.i- 

683 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

rurgical  Faculty  repealing  law  of  1816,  Chapter  141,  and  enact- 
ing that  no  one  residing  out  of  the  State  be  allowed  to  practice 
therein  without  obtaining  a  license  and  being  amenable  to  the 
same  penalties  as  those  within  it. — First  Savings  Bank  opened 
at  Baltimore. — Baltimore  Physical  Association  for  promotion 
of  natural  science  founded  at  Baltimore,  Horace  H.  Hayden, 
Secretary. — Recti  muscles  of  the  eye  divided  for  strabismus  by 
Dr.  Wm.  Gibson. — Second  or  Eastern  Dispensary  at  Fells 
Point,  Baltimore,  incorporated  (February  16),  Drs.  Alexander 
and  Wm.  H.  Clendinen  being  charter  members ;  the  institu- 
tion had  been  in  operation  already  two  years. — Smallpox  epi- 
demic at  Baltimore  averted  by  vaccination  (October), 

Deaths :  Col.  Armistead,  Defender  of  Fort  McHenry,  April 
25 ;  Drs.  Arnold  Elzey,  at  Washington,  June  6,  set.  60 ;  Barton 
Tabbs,  in  St.  Mary's  County,  October  13,  £et.  61 ;  Jos.  Henry, 
set.  24 ;  Charles  Carroll ;  James  Middleton. 

1819.  Baltimore  General  Dispensary  has  3987  patients  dur- 
ing the  year.  Whole  number  treated  from  foundation,  30,663, 
of  whom  25,388  were  cured,  548  died ;  the  rest  negligent,  dis- 
missed, vaccinated.  "It  will  be  well  if  in  'these  hard  times' 
an  establishment  which  has  been  so  beneficial  to  the  poor  is 
continued  with  vigor  to  do  good"  {Niles'  Register,  March  29, 
1820). — There  are  83  physicians  at  Baltimore. — Dr.  Edward 
Johnson  again  elected  Mayor  of  the  city.- — Dr.  Wm.  Gibson 
elected  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, vice  Professor  Physick. — Drs.  Ducatel,  George  Frick, 
Williamson  and  Macaulay  meet  in  a  room  over  a  stable,  in  the 
rear  of  northwest  corner  of  Lexington  and  St.  Paul  Streets 
and  organize  a  society  for  the  promotion  of  science. — Drs.  H. 
W.  Ducachet  and  D.  M.  Reese  trephine  a  fractured  skull  for 
meningeal   hemorrhage  with  temporary   relief  to  the  patient 

684 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

(Cooper's  Surgical  Dictionary,  American  Edition,  p.  363). 
— Dr.  Wjilliam  Zollickoffer  issues  one  of  the  earliest  American 
treatises  on  Materia  Medica. — City  Bank  fails ;  great  financial 
distress. — Dr.  James  Smith  inoculates  with  variolous  matter, 
his  two  sons,  nephew,  ward  and  only  daughter  (all  of  whom 
he  had  previously  vaccinated)  at  the  bedside  of  a  smallpox 
patient,  to  give  public  proof  of  his  faith  in  the  prophylactic 
virtues  of  vaccine  virus  (January  17,  Federal  Gazette,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1821). — Meeting  of  delegates  at  Philadelphia  (June 
i)  to  institute  a  National  Pharmacopoeia;  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  represented. — Annual  Convention  of  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  Ennalls  Martin 
reelected;  14  present  (June  4). — Yellow  fever,  of  which  the 
city  had  been  almost  exempt  for  nineteen  years,  makes  its 
appearance  at  Fells  Point  (July  21);  2287  deaths;  epidemic 
ends  October  20. — Meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty (July  31  and  September  6)  ;  report  on  yellow  fever. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Henry  Skinner,  set.  34 ;  James  Smyth,  at 
Baltimore,  January  17,  set.  45;  J.  T.  ShaafT,  at  Georgetown, 
May  3,  set.  67 ;  Elisha  Harrison,  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
August  24,  set.  57;  James  Murray,  at  Annapolis,  December  17, 
set.  80;  George  Pitt  Stevenson,  at  Baltimore,  of  yellow  fever, 
32t.  59 ;  John  O'Connor,  at  Baltimore,  of  yellow  fever ;  Clark, 
at  Baltimore,  of  yellow  fever. 

1820.  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore  incorporated  (Chapter 
105). — Report  of  yellow  fever  published  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Second  or  Eastern  Dispensary,  the  expense  being  borne  by 
Dr.  Edward  Johnson,  Mayor  of  Baltimore. — Population  of 
city,  62,738;  of  State,  407,350. — Dr.  H.  G.  Jameson,  of  Balti- 
more, successfully  extirpates  nearly  the  entire  upper  jaw,  hav- 

685 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ing  first  ligated  the  common  carotid  artery ;  the  first  time  the 
operation  had  ever  been  done. — Mr.  Granville  Sharp  Pattison, 
of  Glasgow,  elected  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University 
of  Maryland. — City  Council  appropriates  $1560  to  physicians 
of  East  Baltimore  for  services  in  yellovv^  fever  epidemic  of 
1819  (March  2).— Dr.  Robert  Moore  elected  President  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  (June). — Sm.allpox  brought 
to  Baltimore  from  Liverpool  in  August ;  47  deaths. 

Deaths :  Drs.  James  Moat  Anderson,  in  Kent  County,  De- 
cember 8,  ?et.  68;  Oliver  Bond,  J.  B.  Caldvvfell,  H.  Dorsey, 
Josiah  Henderson,  all  of  yellovN^  fever. 

1821.  Instruction  in  Dentistry  given  at  the  University  of 
Maryland. — Yellow  fever  at  Fells  Point. — Unauthorized  physi- 
cians cannot  collect  their  fees ;  licensed  physicians  cannot 
associate  themselves  with  unlicensed  under  penalty  of  $50 
(Chapter  217).— Dr.  Gibson  invents  apparatus  for  fracture  of 
the  thigh. — Dr.  Jameson  ligates  the  external  iliac  artery  for 
aneurism. — Webster's  Medical  Library  and  Reading  Room 
opened  at  11  Sharp  Street,  with  over  1000  volumes, — Medical 
Society  of  Maryland,  Dr.  Wm.  Donaldson,  President,  requires 
preliminary  examination  in  Anatomy  and  Medicine  for  its 
members. — Baltimore  College  reopened  under  Mr.  L.  H. 
Girardin  (February  3). — Cathedral  consecrated  (May  31, 
completed  1865). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical Faculty  at  Baltimore,  Dr.  Robert  Mjoore,  President, 
18  present  (June  4). — -Smallpox  epidemic  at  Baltimore  stamped 
out  by  vaccination  (September). — 'On  the  suggestion  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  six  Vaccine  Physicians  are 
appointed  for  Baltimore,  one  for  each  ward,  at  a  salary  of 
$200 ;  these  were  the  first  Vaccine  Physicians  appointed  by  the 
city   (December   17).     There  were   1268  vaccinations. 

686 


J.  R.  VV.  DUNBAR 

1805-1871. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths:  Drs.  Thomas  Love,  at  Cockeysvilk,  March  i,  set. 
67 ;  Thomas  Archer,  in  Harford  County,  Oictober  7,  set.  53 ; 
William  Kilty,  Chancellor,  of  Maryland,  at  Annapolis,  set.  63 ; 
Thomas  Cradock,  in  Baltimore  County,  October  19,  set.  69. 

1822.  Ovariotomy  attempted  at  Baltimore  by  Dr.  Jameson. 
— Dr.  D.  M.  Reese  successfully  trephines  the  skull  for  epilep- 
toid  convulsions. — Law  establishing  United  States  Vaccine 
Agency  at  Baltimore  under  Dr.  James  Smith,  repealed. — 
Loan  of  $30,000  by  State  to  University  of  Maryland. — Dr. 
Pierre  Chatard  taps  a  woman  76  times  in  2>4  years,  removing 
871  quarts  of  water. — Dr.  Wm.  ZoUickoffer  recommends  prus- 
siate  of  iron  in  intermittents. — Drs.  C.  Mackenzie,  George  Frick 
and  Patrick  Macaulay  deliver  clinical  lectures  at  the  Maryland 
Hospital. — Vaccine  Society  reorganized,  Dr.  James  Steuart 
President,  Dr.  James  Smith,  Secretary  (January  28). — Vac- 
cine Inquirer  issued.  Dr.  James  Smith,  Editor  (March  15). — 
Dr.  Samuel  Annan,  of  Emmitsburg,  performs  the  first  re- 
corded case  of  tracheotomy  in  Maryland  (April  5  and  August 
22). — Dr.  Wm.  Howard,  of  Baltimore,  takes  out  a  patent  for  a 
locomotive,  the  first  in  America  (April  9). — Annual  Conven- 
tion of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore,  Dr. 
Robert  Moore,  President  (June)  ;  prize  of  $50  offered  for 
essay  on  Cholera  Infantum. — Dr.  James  Smith  granted  a  pat- 
ent for  a  new  and  useful  improvement  in  the  art  of  vaccinating 
(July  10). — Jameson  performs  tracheotomy  (September  2,  see 
Recorder). — ]\Iasonic  Temple  on  St.  Paul  Street  dedicated  by 
Grand  Lodge  (November  29). — Almshouse  removed  to  Cal- 
verton,  in  the  western  suburbs  of  Baltimore ;  533  city  and 
county  paupers  in  it  (December  2). 

Deaths :  Drs.  George  Brown,  at  Baltimore,  August  24,  set. 
67 ;  Joseph  Sim  Smith,  at  Taneytown,  September  5. 

44  687 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1823.  Athenaeum  founded  and  books  purchased. — \)r.  Ed- 
ward Johnson  elected  Mayor  for  third  time. — Drs.  Davidg-e 
and  R.  W.  Hall  each  tie  the  carotid  for  fungous  growth  in  the 
antrum. — Dr.  Wm.  D.  Macgill,  of  Frederick,  ties  both  carotids 
in  the  same  subject,  at  an  interval  of  a  month,  for  fungous 
tumor  of  the  eyes  with  relief ;  this  was  the  first  time  the  double 
operation  had  been  done  in  America. — Dr.  Davidge  removes  the 
entire  parotid. — The  Pattison-Cadwallader  duel  is  fought  in 
Delaware. — Dr.  Annan  again  performs  tracheotomy  (March 
25). — Dr.  Jameson  performs  tracheotomy  for  foreign  body 
(May  15  and  again  in  September). — Baltimore  Infirmary  (Uni- 
versity Hospital)  completed  and  occupied  (October  20)  ;  lec- 
tures held  October  2y;  one  of  the  four  wards  devoted  to  Dis- 
eases of  the  Eye. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Reverdy  Ghiselin,  in  Prince  George  County, 
set.  58 ;  John  W.  Dorsey,  at  Liberty,  Frederick  County,  set.  73 ; 
S.  L.  P.  Roberts,  at  Baltimore ;  WHlliam  Bantz,  at  Frederick, 
March  10,  set.  33;  John  Coulter,  at  Baltimore,  May  24,  set.  22; 
William  Beanes,  Jr.,  at  Upper  Marlboro,  October  12,  set.  74. 

1824.  Indigent  Sick  Society  organized. — Dr.  George  Prick 
publishes  the  first  treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye  by  an  Ameri- 
can, and  establishes  an  Eye  Dispensary  in  connection  with 
the  Baltimore  Dispensary. — Jameson  excises  the  cervix  uteri, 
the  first  time  in  Great  Britain  or  America  (May). — Annual 
Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Balti- 
more (June  7). — Degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  on  Lafayette  at 
the  University  of  Maryland   (October  9). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Owen,  at  Baltimore,  October,  set.  49 ; 
Thomas  Hamilton,  at  Baltimore,  set.  60. 

1825.  Maryland  Institute  incorporated ;  lectures  delivered 
by  Drs.  Revere  and  Ducatel. — Barnum's  Hotel  erected,  Calvert 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  Fayette  Streets,  Baltimore. — Public  free  school  system 
established  at  Baltimore. — The  State  seizes  the  University  of 
Maryland,  turns  out  the  Regents  and  places  the  institution  in 
the  hands  of  Trustees. — Dr.  Ephraim  McDowell,  the  father  of 
ovariotomy,  receives  Hon.  M.D.  of  the  University. — Dr.  Wm. 
D.  Macgill  performs  the  first  lithotomy  in  Washington  County 
(December  27,  Hagerstown  Torchlight). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Bowie,  of  Montgomery  County ;  Cosmo 
G.  Stevenson,  at  Baltimore,  set.  40 ;  Christian  Taylor ;  Ezra 
Gillingham,  at  Baltimore ;  S.  Gittings,  in  Harford  County ; 
Zechariah  Clagett,  in  Washington  County,  January  28,  set.  64. 

1826.  Hebrews  become  freemen  in  Maryland. — Joshua  I. 
Cohen  and  Solomon  Etting  the  first  Hebrews  elected  to  ofiice. 
— Academy  of  Sciences  and  Literature  of  Maryland  reorgan- 
ized and  incorporated. — Legislature  authorizes  erection  of 
buildings  for  Maryland  Hospital  on  Broadway,  which,  by  re- 
linquishment of  claim  of  city,  becomes  a  State  Institution. — 
Dr.  Duncan  Turnbull  lectures  on  Anatomy  and  Surgery  on 
North  Paca  Street. — Dr.  Robert  Goldsborough,  of  Queen 
Anne's  County,  elected  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirur- 
gical  Faculty  (June)  ;  prize  of  $100  awarded  (see  1822). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Robert  Hulse ;  J.  W.  Daly ;  Edward  White. 
at  Cambridge,  March  23,  set.  71 ;  Mathias  Jones,  at  Princess 
Anne,  May  8,  ast.  58 ;  William  C.  Miller,  at  Elkton,  October  3. 

1827.  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  incorporated,  the  first  in 
the  United  States  (February  28). — Dr.  Nathan  R.  Smith,  of 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  elected  to  the  Chair 
of  Surgers'  in  the  L^niversity  of  Maryland,  vice  Prof.  Gran- 
ville S.  Pattison.  who  had  gone  to  London  the  year  before 
(March     13). — Washington     College,    of    Washington,     Pa., 

689 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

authorizes  the  establishment  of  a  medical  school  at  Baltimore, 
with  the  following-  faculty :  H.  G.  Jameson,  Surgery ;  S.  K. 
Jennings,  Materia  Medica ;  W.  W.  Handy,  Obstetrics ;  James 
H.  Miller,  Practice ;  S.  Annan,  Anatomy  and  Physiology ;  J. 
W.  Vethake,  Chemistry  (April  25)  ;  the  lectures  begin  the 
following  fall  on  Holliday  Street,  opposite  the  City  Hall. — 
Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  con- 
venes at  Athenaeum,  Baltimore  (June  4). — During  following 
winter,  the  weather  was  so  mild  that  no  ice  was  gotten  here ; 
in  the  summer  of  1828  several  cargoes  were  brought  here  from 
the  North  (for  the  first  time)  and  sold  for  $1  per  bushel. — 
Northern  Central  Railroad  incorporated. 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Rumsy,  in  Harford  County ;  John  P. 
Ahl,  at  Baltimore,  July  13,  set.  79 ;  Henry  Keerl,  at  Baltimore, 
July  16,  ast.  72;  George  Roberts,  at  Baltimore,  August  2; 
Colin  Mackenzie,  September  i,  set.  52. 

1828.  Canton  Company  organized  and  lays  out  streets  for 
addition  to  city. — Shot  Tower  erected,  corner  Front  and  Pitt 
Streets,  234  feet  high. — Prof.  N.  R.  Smith  performs  myot- 
omy for  torticollis. — Duel  at  Bladensburg  between  two  medi- 
cal students  of  the  University,  Samuel  J.  Carr,  of  South 
Carolina,  and  Wm.  Bond  Martin,  of  Maryland ;  the  latter  is 
instantly  killed  (February  2). — Service  for  general  diseases  at 
Maryland  Hospital  discontinued  and  admission  limited  to  the 
insane;  the  title  thenceforth  changed  to  "Maryland  Hospital 
for  the  Insane." — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chir- 
urgical Faculty  held  at  Baltimore  (June  2). — Corner-stone  of 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  at  the  Viaduct  laid  by  Charles 
Carroll,  of  Carrollton  (July  4). — Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal 
begun.  President  Adams  breaking  ground  (July  4). 

690 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths :  Drs.  P.  K.  Rogers,  at  Williamsburg,  Va. ;  John 
Huston,  at  Salisbury,  January  23,  set.   59. 

1829.  Peak's  Mtiseum,  North  HolHday  Street,  bought  by 
the  city  for  a  City  Hall. — ^Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
meets  at  Baltimore;  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith,  orator  (June  i). — 
Maryland  Medical  Recorder,  a  quarterly  periodical,  begun  at 
Baltimore  by  Dr.  Jameson. — Centenary  celebration  of  found- 
ing of  the  city.  First  stone  laid  of  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
at  new  limits  of  city  (August  8). — Chesapeake  and  Delaware 
Canal  opened  (October  17). — Statue  of  Washington  raised  to 
top  of  monument  (November  25). — Thirty-seven  persons  are 
drawn  in  a  car  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  by  one 
horse  at  the  rate  of  ten  miles  an  hour  ''to  the  astonishment  of 
a  multitude  of  spectators." 

Deaths :  Drs.  Jos.  A.  Beall,  of  Prince  George  County ;  J.  B. 
Taylor;  Edward  Johnson,  at  Baltimore,  April  19,  set.  62; 
Elijah  Davis,  in  Harford  County,  June  29,  set.  68;  J.  B.  Dav- 
idge,  at  Baltimore,  August  23,  set.  61. 

1830.  Population  of  city,  80,625  ;  of  State,  447,040. — House 
of  Reformation  incorporated. — Prof.  N.  R.  Smith  publishes 
account  of  posterior  suspensory  splint  for  treatment  of  frac- 
tures of  leg;  also  of  instruments  for  seizing  arteries  in  ligating. 
— Prof.  N.  R.  Smith  begins  publication  of  The  Baltimore 
Monthly  Journal  of  Medicine  (February  i). — Annual  Conven- 
tion of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore,  33 
present ;  Dr.  Robert  Goldsborough  reelected  President.  Li- 
brary founded,  $500  being  appropriated  on  motion  of  Dr. 
Samuel  Baker  (June  7). — First  journey  by  steam  in  the  United 
States  made  at  Baltimore  by  Peter  Cooper  (August  28). — 
Organization  of  University  of  Maryland  Faculty  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  (September  8). 

691 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths :  Drs.  J.  W.  Anderson,  in  Liberia,  Atrica,  set.  28 ; 
John  D.  Godman,  at  Philadelphia,  April  17,  set.  35 ;  John 
Groome,  at  Elkton,  May  18,  set.  61 ;  James  M.  Anderson,  Jr., 
at  Chestertown,  May  31,  set.  56;  William  Coskery,  at  Balti- 
more, October. 

1831.  Retro-vaccination  of  the  cow  performed  by  Dr.  H. 
G.  Jameson,  Consulting  Physician  to  Board  of  Health  of  Balti- 
more and  virus  thus  obtained  successfully  used ;  4000  vacci- 
nated during  year. — Dr.  J.  K.  Sappington,  of  Havre  de  Grace, 
uses  ergot  in  obstetrical  practice. — Committee  appointed  by 
Censors  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  to  prosecute  un- 
licensed graduates  of  University  of  Maryland ;  Mr.  McM'ahon 
employed  as  counsel,  fee  $50. — Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  invents  his 
lithotomy  gorget. — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore,  34  present ;  Dr.  Robert 
Goldsborough  reelected  President;  prize  of  $100  offered  for 
best  treatise  on  Malaria  in  1827  awarded  to  Dr.  C.  Caldwell. 

Deaths :  Drs.  N.  Hammond,  at  Easton,  set.  36 ;  John  Harper, 
at  Baltimore,  January ;  Elisha  DeButts,  at  Baltimore,  April  3, 
set.  57. 

1832.  Washington  Medical  College  of  Baltimore  is  incor- 
porated by  the  Legislature  (Laws  of  Maryland,  Chapter  187). 
— The  Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Baltimore,  through  its 
Committee  of  Honor,  S.  Baker,  M'.  McDowell  and  Thos. 
H.  Wright,  frames  a  code  of  ethics,  which  is  among  the  first 
in  the  United  States. — Prof.  N.  R.  Smith  publishes  his  work 
on  "The  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Arteries." — The  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore. — Early  in  July  cholera 
appears  in  the  city ;  a  quarantine  law  is  passed  by  the  City 
Council,  July  7 ;  the  disease  is  not  recognized  till  August  4  ; 

692 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  last  case  occurs  November  4.  Total  deaths  in  city  for 
year,  3572 ;  of  which  853  were  from  cholera  and  ^9  from  small- 
pox. Death  rate,  42.02  per  1000.  There  is  typhus  fever  in 
the  City  Jail.  The  cholera  spreads  over  the  State.  Special 
cholera  hospitals  founded  and  put  under  charge  of  Drs.  George 
B.  Mackenzie,  John  Carrere  and  A.  L.  Warner. — City  appro- 
priates $10,000  to  check  the  epidemics. — Dr.  Duncan  Turnbull 
makes  the  first  posL-mortems  of  cholera  cases. — Hannah  Moore 
Academy  established  at  Lutherville. 

Deaths :  Drs.  George  E.  Mitchell,  at  Washington,  June  28, 
ast.  51 ;  John  Cromwell,  at  Baltimore,  September  14,  set.  68. 

1833.  Magnificent  meteoric  display. — Dr.  Robley  Dungli- 
son,  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  becomes  Professor  of  Ma- 
teria Medica,  etc.,  in  the  University  of  Maryland. — Hygiene 
and  jN'Iedical  Jurisprudence  introduced  at  the  same  school  and 
dissection  made  compulsor}^ — The  Baltimore  Medical  and  Sur- 
gical Journal  and  Reviezv  begun  by  Prof.  Eli  Geddings ;  title 
changed  in  1834  to  North  American  Archives  of  Medical  and 
Surgical  Science.     Suspended  1835. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Charles  Swearingen,  at  Cumberland ;  John  T. 
Rees,  at  Philadelphia,  set.  53 ;  W^m.  D.  Macgill,  at  Hagerstown, 
March  13,  ast.  30;  Richard  Pindell,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  March 
20,  set.  78. 

1834.  All  physicians  required  to  report  their  smallpox 
cases,  under  penalty  of  having  their  names  published.  71 
deaths  from  smallpox. — Dr.  John  P.  Mackenzie's  lease  of  Mary- 
land Hospital  expires.  Dr.  R.  S.  Steuart  appointed  President 
and  Superintendent,  which  position  he  held  for  nearly  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  (March  7). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical 
and   Chirurgical   Faculty   held  at  Baltimore,   32  present ;   Dr. 

693 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Robert  Goldsborough,  President ;  Dr.  Fonerden  declines  reelec- 
tion as  Recording-  Secretary  and  Dr.  R.  A.  Durkee  is  elected. 
Deaths :  Drs.  Jo'hn  D.  Emory,  at  Centerville,  set.  55  ;  Joseph 
Allender,  at  Baltimore,  set.  64 ;  William  Hilleary,  in  Frederick 
County,  March  15,  ast.  58;  William  Howard,  at  Baltimore, 
August  25,  set.  40;  Ennalls  Martin,  at  Easton,  December  16, 
ast.  76. 

1835.  Dr.  J.  C.  S.  Monkur  erects  his  Fells  Point  Institute 
on  South  Ann  Street,  between  Canton  Avenue  and  Aliceanna 
Street  (now  a  public  school). — Dr.  John  P.  M'ettauer,  of  Vir- 
ginia, appointed  Professor  of  Surgery  in  Washington  Medical 
College,  Baltimore,  vice  Jameson,  removed  to  Cincinnati. — 
Dr.  William  Gibson  performs  Csesarean  section,  saving  mother 
and  child. — Athenseum  at  Baltimore  burned  and  archives  of 
Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences  destroyed  (February  7). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Thomas  Boyer,  at  Tiffin,  O. ;  Wm.  Donaldson, 
at  Baltimore,  January  14,  set.  56;  Samuel  Baker,  at  Baltimore, 
October  16,  set.  50. 

1836.  Academy  of  Sciences  reorganized.  Dr.  P.  Macaulay, 
President. — Flood  at  Baltimore ;  several  lives  lost. — Dr.  J.  C. 
S.  Monkur  elected  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine at  Washington  Medical  College,  Baltimore. — Meeting  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  Maxwell 
McDowell  elected  President. 

Deaths :  Drs.  J.  Haines  M'cCullough,  Jr. ;  Wilson  Waters, 
in  Anne  Arundel  County,  February  5,  set.  yy ;  James  Ander- 
son, at  Rockville,  May  9,  set.  76;  Charles  Worthington,  at 
Georgetown,  September  10,  set.  79 ;  John  Woolford,  in  Somer- 
set County,  November  15,  set.  76;  Solomon  Birckhead,  at  Bal- 
timore, November  30,  set.  75. 

694 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1837.  Flood  at  Baltimore ;  25  drowned. — Maryland  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences  publishes  its  first  volume  of  Transactions. — 
Faculty  of  Physic  of  University  of  Maryland  withdraws  from 
control  of  Trustees  and  forms  a  separate  school,  occupying  the 
old  Indian  Queen  Hotel,  corner  Baltimore  and  Hanover  Streets. 
The  Regents  institute  suit  for  recovery  of  their  rights  under 
the  charter.  The  Trustees  fill  the  vacancies  with  a  new 
faculty:  Drs.  J.  F.  May,  of  Washington,  H.  W.  Baxley  and 
others  and  continue  the  courses. — Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar  elected 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  Washington  Medical  College,  vice 
Mettauer  resigned. — Deaths  from  smallpox,  52. — Dr.  Horace 
H.  Hayden  delivers  dental  lectures  at  the  University  of 
Maryland. — Dr.  Wm.  Gibson  performs  Csesarean  section  a 
second  time  on  a  patient,  with  successful  result. — Baltimore 
Sun  issued.  May  17. 

Death :  Dr.  Edward  Gannt,  in  Kentucky,  aet.  96. 

1838.  The  Legislature  appropriates  $20,000  to  Maryland 
Hospital  for  the  Insane. — Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  removes  the  parotid 
gland;  resigns  his  Chair  at  the  University  of  Maryland  and 
accepts  Chair  of  Practice  at  Transylvania  University,  Lexing- 
ton, Ky. — The  Faculty  of  Washington  Medical  College  occu- 
pies its  new  building  on  Broadway  (now  Church  Home  and 
Infirmary).  It  cost  $40,000  and  was  provided  with  a  general 
and  a  marine  hospital. — Deaths  from  smallpox  in  city,  71. — 
Legislature  passes  an  Act  (Chapter  30)  granting  authority  to 
Thompsonians  or  Botanic  physicians  to  charge  and  receive 
compensation  for  their  services  and  medicine,  thus  depriving 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  its  chartered  rights. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  Court  of  A.ppeals  would 
have  decided  in  favor  of  the  Faculty  had  this  case  been  brought 
before  it,  as  it  did  in  favor  of  the  Regents  of  the  University 

695 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

this  same  winter. — Philadelphia,  Wilmington  and  Baltimore 
Railroad  organized  (February  5). — First  steamer  leaves  Balti- 
more for  Europe  (May  20). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Henry  Hunt,  at  Washington,  set.  56 ;  Samuel 
Young,  at  Hagerstown,  set.  99 ;  Charles  A.  Beatty,  at  George- 
town, October  13,  set.  76. 

1839.  Baltimore  Medical  Institute  founded  by  Dr.  J.  R. 
W.  Dunbar,  at  151  West  Lombard  Street,  second  door  from 
Hanover  Street. — Court  of  Appeals  decides  in  favor  of  Re- 
gents, who  resum.e  control  of  the  University  Buildings. — Dr. 
H.  Willis  Baxley  removes  lower  jaw  for  osteosarcoma. — Balti- 
more College  of  Dental  Surgery  incorporated,  the  first  in  the 
world.  Faculty:  Drs.  H.  H.  Hayden,  Chapin  A.  Harris, 
Thomas  E.  Bond,  Jr.,  and  H.  Willis  Baxley. — Washington 
Medical  College  of  Baltimore  made  a  University  by  Act  of 
Legislature.  Resident  students  admitted  to  the  Hospital  (March 
6). — Drs.  Chapin  A.  Harris,  of  Baltimore,  and  Eleazer  Parm- 
ley,  of  New  York,  dentists,  found  the  first  journal  in  America 
devoted  exclusively  to  Dentistry,  the  American  Journal  of 
Dental  Science  (June). — Maryland  Medical  and  Surgical  Jour- 
nal, a  quarterly,  founded  by  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty (October)  ;  published  until  March,  1843. — Mercantile 
Library  Association  instituted  (November  13). — Manual  Labor 
School  organized.  Dr.  Dunbar,  Chairman  (December  16). 

Deaths :  Drs.  J.  James  Giraud,  at  Baltimore,  set.  80 ;  Joseph 
Brevitt,  at  Baltimore,  April  15,  set.  70;  Wm.  H.  Clendinen,  at 
Baltimore,  November  6,  set.  67. 

1840.  Population  of  city,  102,313;  of  State,  470,019. — 
Course  at  University  of  Maryland  lengthened  to  six  months. 
— Mount  Hope  Retreat  for  the  Insane  founded. — East  Balti- 

696 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

more  Lyceum  and  Franklin  Institute  of  Natural  History  es- 
tablished.— Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  established  at  88  North 
Howard  Street,  by  Drs.  J.  I.  Cohen  and  S.  Chew  (January). 
— Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held 
at  Baltimore  (June  i). — Alaryland  College  of  Pharmacy  organ- 
ized by  Drs.  S.  G.  Baker,  W.  E.  A.  Aikin  and  Wm.  Riley 
representing  the  Faculty,  and  Messrs.  John  Hill,  George  W. 
Andrews,  Thomas  G.  Mackenzie,  David  Stewart,  H.  B.  Atkin- 
son, J.  N.  W.  Gordon,  John  Chapman  and  Robert  H.  Coleman 
representing  the  Pharmacists  of  Baltimore  (June  8). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Mifflin  Coulter,  at  Baltimore,  October  12,  set. 
41 ;  Samuel  H.  Lyon,  at  Booneville,  Mo.,  October  12,  set.  40. 

1841.  Seven  Vaccine  Physicians  appointed. — Prof.  N.  R. 
Smith  resumes  the  Chair  of  Surgery  at  the  University. — In- 
struction given  there  in  auscultation  and  percussion  for  the 
first  time  by  Dr.  Wm.  Power. — Maryland  College  of  Phar- 
macy incorporated  (January  17)  ;  there  were  17  incorporators 
and  at  first  the  lectures  were  delivered  by  the  members  in  turn 
(January  27). — Annual  meeting  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgi- 
cal Faculty  held  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  Joel  Hopkins  elected  Presi- 
dent (June). 

Deaths :  Drs.  S.  S.  Dickinson,  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County, 
set.  70;  Wm.  N.  Baker,  at  Baltimore,  February  16,  set.  30; 
James  Smith,  at  Pikesville,  June  12,  set.  70;  S.  G.  Baker,  at 
Baltimore,  August  i,  set.  26;  Morgan  Brown,  in  Kent  County, 
October  6,  set.  72;  John  Tyler,  at  Fredericktown,  October  15, 
ffit.  78. 

1842.  Dr.  Joseph  Robey  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  at 
the  University  of  Maryland. — Annual  Convention  of  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore  (June). — First  Com- 

697 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

mencement  of  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  held  with  three 
graduates  (June  21). — Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  opened 
to  Cumberland  (November  3). — Mercantile  Library  incor- 
porated; opened  November  17. 

Deaths:  Drs.  Wm.  McPherson,  in  Charles  County,  set.  36; 
Maurice  Morrison,  at  Havana,  September  14,  set.  35  ;  Edward 
Scott,  in  Kent  County,  October  i,  set.  56;  Wm.  R.  Fisher,  at 
Philadelphia,  October  25,  set.  34. 

1843.  Total  vaccinated,  2655. — Dr.  Elisha  Bartlett  becomes 
Professor  of  Practice  at  the  University  of  Maryland. — Im- 
peachment and  trial  of  Professor  Richard  Wilmot  Hall  by  his 
colleagues  at  the  University  of  Maryland  for  incompetency 
and  violation  of  regulations.  He  is  acquitted  by  the  Regents, 
A  personal  encounter  follows  between  him  and  Prof.  N.  R. 
Smith. — Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  convenes  in  annual 
session  at  Baltimore  (June). 

Death:  Prof.  Nathaniel  Potter,  at  Baltimore,  January  2, 
set.  'J2. 

1844.  Lectures  of  the  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  de- 
livered at  the  University  of  Maryland,  Dr.  David  Stewart, 
the  first  Professor  of  Pharmacy  in  the  United  States;  these 
lectures  were  continued  until  1847,  when  they  were  sus- 
pended.— Mount  Hope  College,  North  Avenue  and  Bolton 
Street,  purchased  and  opened  as  a  hospital  for  the  insane  by 
Sisters  of  Charity. — Maryland  Historical  Society  organized. — 
Dr.  Colton  exhibits  the  use  of  "laughing  gas"  (nitrous  oxide) 
at  Assembly  Rooms,  and  shows  its  application  to  Dentistry. 
— Alumni  Association  of  University  of  Maryland  School  of 
Medicine  organized.  Dr.  George  W.  M'iltenberger,  President. 

' — College  of  St.   James,   Washington   County,   established. — 

698 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Electric  telegraph  completed  between  Baltimore  and  Wasfiing- 
ton  and  the  first  message  ever  transmitted  by  this  method  sent 
over  the  wire  (May  24). 

Deaths:  Drs.  H.  H.  Hayden,  at  Baltimore,  January  26,  ^et. 
74;  G.  W.  Purnell,  at  Berlin,  Md.,  May  18,  set.  67;  Samuel 
Thompson,  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  September  6,  ^t.  67. 

1845.  Experiments  to  procure  vaccine  virus  from  the  cow 
by  both  variolation  and  vaccination  made  this  and  the  follow- 
ing years  by  Dr.  W.  T.  Leonard,  City  Physician.— Smallpox 
epidemic  in  the  city,  no  deaths.  Dr.  William  Power  assumes 
charge  of  the  Chair  of  Practice  at  the  University  in  the  absence 
of  Professor  Bartlett. — Baltimore  buys  122  acres  of  land  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Patapsco  River,  opposite  Fort  McHenry, 
for  a  smallpox  hospital  at  $2500.  This  was  abandoned  in  1858 
for  a  new  site  at  Hawkins  Point. — Course  on  Operative  Sur- 
gery begun  at  the  University  of  Mar3dand.— Maryland  His- 
torical Society  chartered. — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore  (June  2).— Naval 
Academy  located  at  Annapolis    (October  10). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Thomas  S.  Fassitt,  in  Worcester  County,  jet. 
80 ;  James  Steuart,  at  Baltimore,  set.  90. 

1846.  Each  city  ward  to  have  a  Vaccine  Physician. — Dis- 
pensaries required  to  keep  virus  on  hand. — Smallpox  epidemic, 
J 15  deaths.— Dr.  Wm.  T.  Leonard,  City  Physician,  variolates 
and  vaccinates  cows  with  success. — Dr.  Alexander  H.  Bayly, 
of  Cambridge,  successfully  uses  the  horseshoe  magnet  in  remov- 
ing a  spicule  of  iron  from  the  eye. — Convention  of  "The  Fac- 
ulty from  the  different  States"  to  devise  plan  for  the  improve- 
ment of  medical  education  held  at  New  York  City  (May). 
It  was  first  intended  to  hold  this  meeting  at  Baltimore  and 

699 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Executive  Committee  had  been  directed  to  issue  notices 
to  that  effect  (see  Transactions  of  1848). — Annual  Convention 
of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore ;  Dr. 
N.  R.  Smith  delivers  the  annual  oration  (June  i). 

1847.  Smallpox  epidemic  at  Baltimore. — Southern  Dispen- 
sary founded. — Maryland  Medical  Institute,  a  preparatory 
school  of  high  rank,  founded  at  Baltimore  by  Drs.  C.  Frick, 
E.  W.  Theobald,  D.  Stewart  and  C.  Johnston,  at  corner  of 
Fayette  Street  and  Elbow  Alley. — Maryland  Institute  reor- 
ganized by  J.  H.  B.  Latrobe ;  first  exhibition  held  in  Washing- 
ton Hall. — Course  on  Pathology  begun  at  the  University. — 
Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held 
at  Baltimore  (June)  ;  effort  to  secure  registration  of  births, 
deaths  and  marriages  in  the  State. — Medical  reform  adopted 
by  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  as  recommended  by 
the  American  Medical  Association   (July). 

Deaths :  Drs.  A.  Pue,  at  Baltimore,  set.  71 ;  Charles  Maguire, 
at  Baltimore ;  Maxwell  McDowell,  at  Baltimore,  set.  76 ; 
Henry  Wilkens,  in  Baltimore  County,  set.  80;  A.  L.  Warner, 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  May  5 ;  John  Revere,  at  New  York,  May 
7,  set.  60;  Tristram  Thomas,  at  Easton,  August  5,  set.  'j'j; 
R.  W.  Hall,  at  Baltimore,  September  14,  set.  62. 

1848.  Dr.  Thomas  L.  Murphy  performs  the  first  ovariot- 
omy at  Baltimore ;  the  patient  recovers  and  lives  many  years. 
' — First  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association 
held  at  Baltimore,  at  Second  Universalist  Church,  East  Balti- 
more Street  (May  2). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  R.  Steuart  elected 
President.  Fee  table  of  Miedico-Chirurgical  Society  adopted 
(June  5). — Baltimore  Athenseum  opened  with  inaugural  ad- 

700 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

dress  by  Mr.  Brantz  Mayer  (Ofctober  23). — Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  in  session  regarding-  cholera.  Report  of  Com- 
mittee recommending  measures  of  protection,  etc.,  Dr.  Theo- 
bald, Chairman  (November  3  and  13). 

Deaths :  Drs.  R.  A.  Durkee,  set.  about  48 ;  Upton  H.  Berry- 
man  ;  P.  Chatard,  at  Baltimore,  January  5,  get.  80. 

1849.  Annapolis  has  3500  inhabitants. — First  National 
Council  of  Roman  Catholic  Bishops  meets  at  Baltimore  (May 
6). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
held  at  Baltimore;  Dr.  Peregrine  Wroth  elected  President 
(June  6). — Cholera  at  Baltimore  Almshouse  (July  11).  Of 
669  inmates,  155  are  attacked  and  86  die.  One-half  of  the 
male  inmates  are  attacked  while  only  4  per  cent,  of  the  females 
suffer.  As  soon  as  its  source,  a  foul  sewer,  is  discovered 
and  removed,  the  epidemic  ceases  (Buckler).  Only  four  cases 
in  the  city,  the  m.easures  suggested  by  Dr.  Buckler  and  en- 
forced by  the  city  saving  it.  There  are  also  83  cases  of 
typhus  fever  at  the  Almshouse  and  39  deaths — Washington 
University  Medical  School  removed  from  Broadway  to  New 
Assembly  Rooms,  northeast  corner  Lombard  and  Hanover 
Streets  (September  17). — Edgar  A.  Poe  dies  at  Baltimore 
(October  7). — Baltimore  Association  for  the  Improvement  of 
the  Condition  of  the  Poor  organized  (December  17). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Wm.  A.  Clendinen,  at  New  Orleans,  ast.  about 
40 ;  Christopher  Todd,  in  Baltimore  County,  March  30,  set.  86 ; 
J.  T.  Ducatel,  at  Baltimore,  April  23,  set.  52 ;  P.  Macaulay,  at 
Baltimore,  September,  set.  57 ;  Robert  Goldsborough,  at  Center- 
ville,  September  30,  set.  76. 

1850.  Frick's  work  on  ''Renal  Affections"  appears. — Popu- 
lation of  city,  169,054;  of  State,  583,034,  with  990  physicians. 

701 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

' — Medical  and  Surgical  Society  founded  "for  the  furtherance 
of  social  intercourse  in  the  profession;"  meets  monthly. — 153 
deaths  from  smallpox. — Baltimore  Infirmary  enlarged. — Dr.  C. 
Frick  shows  that  dumb-bell  crystals  in  the  urine  are  not  char- 
acteristic of  oxalate  of  lime  alone  as  Bird  had  taught,  but  that 
uric  acid  may  also  produce  them. — Annual  Convention  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Easton ;  Dr.  Richard 
S.  Steuart  elected  President  (June  3). —Inoculation  prohibited 
at  Baltimore  by  city  ordinance   (June  17). 

1851.  There  were  104  deaths  from  smallpox  in  the  city  and 
80  at  the  Marine  Hospital.  Twenty  Vaccine  Physicians  ap- 
pointed. Total  vaccinations,  3738  (Q.). — Baltimore  City  and 
County  separated. — Dr.  T.  H.  Buckler  publishes  work  on 
cholera  epidemic  of  1849. — Corner-stone  of  Maryland  Insti- 
tute laid  (March  13). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore;  Dr.  S.  B.  Martin, 
Orator;  Dr.  W.  W.  Flandy  elected  President  (June  4). — 
Building  of  Washington  University  on  Broadway  and  Lom- 
bard Street  sold  for  debt  and  the  institution  closed. 

Deaths :  Drs.  E.  W.  Theobald,  at  Baltimore,  March  24,  aet. 
32 ;  G.  S.  Pattison,  at  New  York,  November  12,  aet.  60. 

1852.  Catalogue  of  Library  published. — Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  organized  at  Baltimore. — Measles  epi- 
demic.— New  site,  Spring  Grove  near  Catonsville,  selected  for 
Maryland  Hospital  for  Insane. — Dr.  S.  Chew  elected  to  Chair 
of  Practice  at  University  of  Maryland. — Two  cases  of  cholera 
reported. — First  Plenary  Council  of  Roman  Catholic  Church 
meets  at  Baltimore  (May). — Annual  Convention  of  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore;  Dr.  j\I.  S.  Baer 
elected  President  (June  2). 

702 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths:  Drs.  George  Lynn,  at  Cumberland,  set.  96;  J.  B. 
Rogers,  at  Philadelphia,  June  15,  £et.  50;  William  Power,  at 
Baltimore,  August  15,  set.  39. 

1853.  Scarlet  fever  epidemic. — Sheppard  Insane  Asylum 
founded  and  endowed  with  $500,000. — Yellow  fever  at  Fells 
Point;  18  deaths. — Loyola  College  founded  at  Baltimore  by 
Jesuits,  taking  the  place  of  St.  Mary's  College,  henceforth 
limited  to  theological  students. — Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
opened  to  Ohio  River  (January  10). — Institution  for  Blind 
incorporated  at  Baltimore  (May  19). — Annual  meeting  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore,  Dr.  John 
L.  Yeates  elected  President.  Great  Revival  of  the  Society. 
Last  attendance  of  a  charter  member  (A.  Alexander).  Pub- 
lication of  Transactions  begun  (June  i). — Baltimore  Patho- 
logical Society  founded  by  Drs.  Stewart,  Pottinger,  Frick, 
Murdoch,  Turner,  Donaldson,  Johnston,  T.  H.  Buckler  and 
Van  Bibber. 

Deaths:  Drs.  Wm.  ZolHckofTer,  in  Carroll  County,  set.  60; 
Philip  Trapnall,  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  January  31,  set.  80; 
James  H.  Miller,  May  25,  aet.  65. 

1854.  Maryland  Institute  for  the  Promotion  of  the  Me- 
chanic Arts  erected. — Twenty-six  deaths  from  smallpox  in  the 
city  and  95  at  the  Marine  Hospital  (O.). — Dr.  Wm.  H.  Clen- 
dinen  establishes  a  special  dispensary  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Walsh  and  Biddle  Streets,  which  he  attends  for  two  years. 
— Protestant  Union  Infirmary  opened. — Church  Home  opened 
in  old  Washington  University  Building  on  North  Broadway, 
by  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. — Two  deaths  from  cholera 
reported. — Compulsory  Courses  in  Experimental  Physiology 
and  Microscopy  introduced  at  University  of  Maryland. — Yel- 
low fever  again  at  Fells  Point ;  40  cases,  with  20  deaths. 

45  703 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths:  Drs.  Joseph  F.  Perkins,  at  Baltimore,  aet.  48;  D. 
W.  B.  McClellan,  at  Baltimore,  May,  aet.  48 ;  J.  D.  Readel,  at 
Baltimore,  May  31,  set.  64;  M'.  S.  Baer,  at  Baltimore,  June  8, 
aet.  59;  S.  K.  Jennings,  at  Baltimore,  October  19,  set.  83. 

1855.  Total  vaccinated,  3910. — Baltimore  subscribes  $36,- 
683  for  yellow  fever  sufferers  at  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth. — 
Dr.  C.  Johnston  publishes  a  paper  on  the  auditory  apparatus  of 
the  mosquito. — Dr.  W.  C.  Van  Bibber  publishes  an  analysis  of 
4300  cases  of  labor  from  the  practice  of  Dr.  P.  Chatard. — 
Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Baltimore,  which  had  suspended 
in  1838,  reorganized  (January  11). — First  steam  fire  engine  at 
Baltimore  (February  i). — Annual  meeting  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore  (June).  Dr.  Jacob 
Baer  elected  President.  Committee  appointed  on  motion  of 
Dr.  Donaldson,  to  secure  Act  for  registration  of  births,  mar- 
riages and  deaths  (Legislature  memorialized  upon  the  subject 
ineffectually). — Board  of  Health  of  Baltimore  (Drs.  Kemp, 
Houck  and  Oilman)  visits  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  to  investi- 
gate the  yellow  fever  epidemic  (July  28).  They  determine  it 
is  of  local  origin  and  non-contagious,  and  having  cleaned  the 
city  throw  it  open  to  all  refugees.  Twenty-six  refugees  from 
Norfolk  die  here  of  yellow  fever,  but  not  a  single  resident  of 
Baltimore  contracts  the  disease. 

Deaths:  Drs.  E.  Bartlett,  in  Rhode  Island,  aet.  51 ;  A.  Alex- 
ander, at  Baltimore,  February,  aet.  83 ;  H.  G.  Jameson,  at  New 
York  City,  August  24,  set.  'jy\  J.  H.  Briscoe,  at  Baltimore, 
September,  aet.  65 ;  Tobias  Watkins,  at  Washington,  Novem- 
ber 4,  aet.  74;  H.  A.  Stinnecke,  at  Baltimore,  December  21. 

1856.  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  reorganized  with 
following  faculty:    Dr.  L.  H.  Steiner,  Chemistry;  Dr.  Charles 

704 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Frick,  Materia  Medica;  Israel  J.  Grahame,  Pharmacy. — An- 
nual meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Balti- 
more, Dr.  C.  C.  Cox  elected  President. 

Deaths:  Drs.  S.  T.  Kemp,  at  Trappe,  Talbot  County; 
Thomas  E.  Bond,  at  New  York  City,  March  14,  set.  74 ;  Pere- 
grine Warfield,  at  Georgetown,  July  24,  set.  'j'j. 

1857.  Peabody  Institute  founded  at  Baltimore  by  George 
Peabody.— Rock  Hill  College  at  Ellicott  City  founded.— Total 
vaccinated,  4121. — Mieasles  and  scarlet  fever  epidemic. — Dr. 
A.  B.  Arnold  reports  three  cases  of  scleroderma. — Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  holds  annual  meeting  at  Frederick;  Dr. 
Cohen  elected  President. 

Deaths:  Drs.  W.  R.  Handy,  at  Baltimore,  set.  46;  W.  B. 
Keene,  in  Louisiana,  April  9,  set.  82;  R.  H.  Archer,  in  Har- 
ford County,  May  19,  set.  81. 

1858.  310  deaths  from  smallpox  in  city;  total  vaccinated, 
8576. — Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy  occupies  hall  of  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty  from  1858  to  1861,  and  issues  a  quar- 
terly Journal  and  Transactions. — Second  annual  meeting-  of 
National  Quarantine  Convention  held  at  Baltimore. — Dr. 
George  W.  Miltenberger  becomes  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and 
Dr.  Charles  Frick  of  Materia  Medica  at  the  University  of 
Maryland. — Annual  Convention  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  held  at  Baltimore ;  occupation  of  new  hall  at  47  North 
Calvert  Street  marks  the  first  possession  by  the  Faculty  of  its 
own  building;  Dr.  Joel  Hopkins  elected  President. 

Deaths :  Drs.  Frederick  Dorsey,  in  Waslfmgton  County,  Oc- 
tober 26,  xt.  84;  John  A.  Beucke.  near  Catonsville,  October 
14,  set.  60. 

70s 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1859.  Maryland  Inebriate  Asylum  founded. — Dr.  W.  M. 
Kemp  elected  President  of  National  Quarantine  Convention  at 
New  York  City  (April). — Corner-stone  of  Peabody  Institute 
laid  (April  i6). — Annual  meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  held  at  Baltimore  (June)  ;  Dr.  G.  C.  M.  Roberts 
elected  President  and  holds  office  until  his  death  in  1870. — 
First  city  passenger  cars  run  on  Broadway   (July  12). 

Death:  Dr.  J.  Addison,  at  Baltimore. 

1860.  Population  of  city,  212,418;  of  State,  687,049. — Dr. 
Edward  Warren,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  and  Dr.  Wm. 
A.  Hammond,  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  at  University  of 
Maryland. — Dr.  S.  T.  Knight  invents  a  forceps  and  also  a  ring 
for  fractured  patella. — Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  publishes  his  anterior 
splint. — Executive  Committee,  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty holds  an  annual  meeting  in  place  of  the  Society  (June 
20). — Opening  of  Druid  Hill  Park  (October  19). 

Deaths:  Drs.  C.  A.  Harris,  at  Baltimore,  set.  54;  R.  H. 
Thomas,  at  Baltimore,  January  15,  set.  54;  C.  Frick,  at  Balti- 
more, March  25,  ast.  36;  Joseph  Roby,  at  Baltimore,  June  3, 
set.  53 ;  B.  M.  Byrne,  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  September  6,  set.  53. 

1861.  Naval  Academy  removed  to  Newport  and  buildings 
used  as  a  hospital.' — St.  John's  College  suspended  and  occu- 
pied by  Federal  troops. — 225  deaths  in  city  from  smallpox 
(Q.). — Baltimore  Special  Dispensary  organized. — Baltimore 
Journal  of  Medicine  founded  by  Dr.  Warren ;  bimonthly,  three 
numbers  issued  (January). — President  Lincoln  passes  through 
city  to  Washington  in  disguise  (February  22). — Sixth  Massa- 
chusetts Regiment  passes  through  Baltimore ;  first  blood  shed 
in  Civil  War;  4  soldiers  and  12  citizens  killed  (April  19). — 
Federal  troops  occupy  city  (May  13). — Executive  Committee 
of  Faculty  holds  annual  meeting  (June  5). 

706 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths :  Drs.  A.  Clendinen,  at  Baltimore,  set.  75 ;  D.  M. 
Reese,  at  New  York,  May  13,  ast.  61. 

1862.  Dr:  R.  McSherry  becomes  Lecturer  on  Materia 
Medica  in  the  University. — Battle  of  Antietam  (September 
17). 

1863.  252  deaths  from  smallpox  at  Baltimore. — Dr.  S.  T. 
Knight  procures  vaccine  virus  by  variolating  the  cow. — Mary- 
land Academy  of  Sciences  reorganized  (January  22). — Battle 
of  Gettysburg  (July  1-3). 

Death :  Dr.  S.  Chew,  at  Baltimore,  December  25,  aet.  57. 

1864.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  founded  at  Baltimore. — 436 
deaths  from  smallpox  in  the  city;  total  vaccinated,  60ZJ4. — 
State  Vaccine  Agency  established. — Dr.  R.  McSherry  becomes 
Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  Dr.  C.  Johnston  Professor 
of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  and  Dr.  S.  C.  Chew  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  in  the  University  of  Maryland. — Samuel 
Ready  Orphan  Asylum  incorporated  at  Baltimore  with  $360,- 
000  endowment  (February  6). — National  Union  Convention 
meets  at  Baltimore  and  renominates  Lincoln  for  President 
(June  7). — Battle  of  Monocacy  (June  9). — Slavery  abolished 
in  Maryland  (November  i). 

Death :  Dr.  John  P.  Mackenzie,  at  Baltimore,  January  14, 
set.  62,. 

1865.  Hicks  Plospital  (named  from  the  Governor  of  Mary- 
land) founded  at  Baltimore. 

Deaths :  Drs.  C.  B.  Gibson,  at  Richmond,  set,  49 ;  W.  W. 
Handy,  set.  80;  L.  Birckhead,  at  Baltimore,  September  2,  set. 
71 ;  F.  E.  B.  Hintze,  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  October  12,  set.  62. 

1866.  Instruction  in  specialties  introduced  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland.     Dr.  W.  C.  Van  Bibber  delivers  the  first 

707 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

clinic  there  on  Diseases  of  Children  and  inaugurates  the  out- 
door, department. — Naval  Academy  restored  to  Annapolis  and 
St.  John's  College  reopened. — Bayview  Asylum  (Baltimore 
Almshouse)  east  of  city  occupied;  cost  $500,000. — New  Mount 
Hope  Asylum  for  the  Insane  erected  in  northern  suburbs  of 
Baltimore. — Dr.  F.  Donaldson,  Professor  of  Physiology  at  the 
University. — Vaccine  virus  from  Beaugency  stock  introduced. 
— Harford  County  Medical  Society  founded. — State  Normal 
School  opened. — Duty  imposed  on  State  Board  of  Health  to 
prevent  epidemics. — 62  deaths  from  cholera  at  Baltimore  dur- 
ing summer. — Baltimore  Medical  Association  founded  by  Drs. 
Morgan,  White,  Curry,  Dare,  Neff,  Jones,  Eastman  and  Smull 
at  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Health  (February  26). — 
American  Mledical  Association  begins  its  annual  session  in  Con- 
cordia Opera  House,  South  Eutaw  Street,  Baltimore  (IVCay 
i). — Almshouse  property  at  Calverton  in  the  western  suburbs 
sold  for  $341,000  (October). — Peabody  Institute  dedicated  and 
Library  opened  to  the  public;  funds  $350,000,  afterwards  in- 
creased to  $1,400,000  (October  25). 

Deaths :  Drs.  John  Buckler,  at  Baltimore,  February  24,  set. 
70;  Jacob  S.  Baer,  in  Frederick  County,  April  10,  set.  82; 
Thomas  Owings,  at  Baltimore,  December  18,  set.  64. 

1867.  Little  Hawkins  Point  selected  for  site  of  new  Marine 
Hospital. — Medical  Society  of  Allegany  County  organized. — 
Washington  University  Medical  School  reorganized.  Faculty : 
Drs.  Bond,  Warren,  Byrd,  Logan,  Walls,  P.  A.  Ouinan,  Hop- 
kins and  Clagett.  Lectures  held  at  northeast  corner  Calvert 
and  Saratoga  Streets.  First  session  begins  April  2,  and  lasts 
four  months. — Special  Dispensary  estabUshed  at  281  North 
Howard  Street. — Independent  Chair  of  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children  founded  at  University  of  Maryland. — Maryland 

708 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Academy  of  Sciences  incorporated. — Unsuccessful  attempt  to 
found  a  new  State  Society  (the  "Medical  Faculty")  to  take 
the  place  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. — Second 
Pathological  Society  of  Baltimore  founded,  Dr.  W.  Chew  Van 
Bibber,  President  (September  27). — Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity and  Hospital  incorporated  (August  24). — Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  sells  its  building  on  Calvert  Street  (No- 
vember 4). 

Deaths:  Drs.  G.  B.  Smith,  in   Missouri,  ast.  74;  J.   C.   S. 
Monkur,  at  Baltimore,  January  21,  set.  66. 

1868.  Hebrew  Hospital  begun. — Measles  epidemic. — Dr.  J. 
J.  Chisolm  becomes  Professor  of  Military  and  Operative  Sur- 
gery at  University  of  Maryland. — Dr.  A.  Erich  invents  a  pes- 
sary for  procidentia  uteri. — Legislature  makes  an  appropria- 
tion of  $10,000,  with  which  Washington  University  Faculty 
purchases  and  fits  up  for  hospital  and  college  purposes  the 
building  northwest  corner  Calvert  and  Saratoga  Streets.  A 
further  appropriation  of  $2500  annually  is  made  for  its  main- 
tenance. A  certain  number  of  free  patients  and  beneficiary 
students  to  be  received  in  return  for  these  gifts. — Flood  at 
Baltimore,  great  loss  of  property  (July  24). — Medical  Bul- 
letin issued  by  Dr.  Warren. — Maryland  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 
founded  by  Dr.  George  Reuling  at  corner  Liberty  and  Barnet 
Streets;  in  1871  removed  to  North  Charles  Street,  and  in  1878 
to  54  Saratoga  Street. 

Deaths:  Drs.  Samuel  Annan,  at  Baltimore,  January  19,  set. 
70;  William  Gibson,  at  Savannah,  March  2,  set.  80. 

1869.  Dr.  William  T.  Howard  becomes  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  Women  and  Children  and  Dr.  F.  T.  Miles  of  Anatomy 
at  the  University  of  Maryland. — Maryland  Eye  and  Ear  Dis- 
pensary founded  by  Dr.  George  Reuling. — Prof.  N.  R.  Smith 

709 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  E^ACULTY 

resigns  Chair  of  Surgery  at  University  of  Maryland  and  is 
succeeded  by  Prof.  Ciiristopher  Johnston.  General  Dispensary 
organized  at  same.  Professor  Miles  gives  systematic  clinical 
instruction  in  Nervous  Diseases  at  same ;  the  first  in  Mary- 
land.— Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  purchases  new  build- 
ing at  60  Courtland  Street,  at  cost  of  $5700  (September  28)  ; 
occupation  of  same  (October  27-29). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Wm.  Mosher;  A.  S.  Piggott,  at  Baltimore, 
February  13,  set.  47;  J.  Fonerden,  at  Boston,  May  6,  aet.  65; 
J.  H.  O'Donovan,  at  Baltimore,  June  18,  set.  67;  R.  Dunglison, 
at  Philadelphia,  October  i,  set.  71 ;  H.  W.  Webster,  at  Balti- 
more, October  23,  set.  74. 

1870.  Population  of  city,  267,354;  of  State,  780,894. — 
Typhus  fever  at  Marine  Hospital ;  282  cases,  42  deaths. — 
Baltimore  Infirmary  again  enlarged. — Dr.  Duhamel  introduces 
hydrate  of  chloral  in  parturition. — Old  Maryland  Hospital, 
Monument  and  Broadway,  sold  with  its  site  for  $133,318. — 
Baltimore  Medical  Journal^  monthly,  founded  by  Drs.  Howard 
and  Latimer  (title  of  vol.  ii,  Baltimore  Medical  Journal  and 
Bulletin). — Dr.  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar  becomes  President  of  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty  for  unexpired  term  of  Dr.  G.  C. 
M.  Roberts,  deceased  (January  20). — Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore,  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith,  President  (April 
20). — ^Johns  Hopkins  University  and  Hospital  organized  (June 
13). — Semi-annual  meeting  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty at  Cumberland  (September  13). 

Deaths :  Drs.  Joshua  I.  Cohen,  set.  69 ;  G.  C.  M.  Roberts,  at 
Baltimore,  January  15,  a^t.  63;  George  Frick,  at  Dresden, 
March  26,  set.  y6. 

1871.  St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Baltimore,  incorporated. — 
Smallpox  and  scarlet  fever  epidemic;  total  vaccinated,  5364; 

710 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

deaths  from  scarlet  fever,  625. — Washington  University  Medi- 
cal School  removed  to  northwest  corner  Calvert  and  Saratoga 
Streets. — German  Medical  Society  organized. — Baltimore  Eye 
and  Ear  Institute  founded  by  Dr.  J.  J.  Chisolm  with  twenty 
free  beds. — Medical  and  Surgical  Society  founded  in  East 
Baltimore  (February  23). 

Deaths:  Drs.  C.  Hamilton,  in  Prince  George  County;  M. 
Johns,  at  Baltimore;  J.  R.  W.  Dunbar,  at  Baltimore,  July  3, 
set.  66;  A.  C.  Robinson,  in  Baltimore  County,  November  9, 
ast.  61. 

1872.  4271  cases  of  smallpox  at  Baltimore,  with  896  deaths. 
— 42  extra  Vaccine  Physicians  appointed. — Patients  transferred 
from  old  Maryland  Hospital  on  Broadway  to  Spring  Grove 
Asylum  near  Caitonsville. — Epizootic  prevails  in  horses. — Dr. 
P.  C.  Williams  elected  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgi- 
cal  Faculty. — College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  organized  at 
New  Assembly  Rooms,  northeast  corner  Lombard  and  Han- 
over Streets,  by  Drs.  Warren,  Opie,  Lynch,  Byrd,  Murray  and 
Goolrick  ;  first  session  opens  in  October;  42  students,  18  gradu- 
ates.— Total  vaccinated  from  November  i,  1871,  to  November 
I,  1872,  38,784. 

Deaths:  Drs.  George  S.  Gibson,  at  Baltimore,  January  30, 
set.  71 ;  Thomas  E.  Bond,  in  Harford  County,  August  19,  set. 
58. 

1873.  617  deaths  from  smallpox  in  city;  total  vaccinated, 
87,739. — Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith,  Professor  of  Operative  Surgery, 
and  Dr.  J.  J.  Chisolm,  Professor  of  Eye  and  Ear  Diseases,  at 
University  of  Maryland. — Epidemiological  Society  organized 
with  Dr.  J.  A.  Steuart,  Flealth  Commissioner,  President. — Dr. 
C.  H.  Ohr,  of  Cumberland,  elected  President  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical   Faculty. — Reception  to  Dr.  N.  R.   Smith  on 

711 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

his  return  from  Europe. — From  March,  1872,  to  March,  1873, 
there  were  4931  cases  of  smallpox  at  Baltimore,  with  1359 
deaths  (Whyte). — Prof.  Christopher  Johnston  successfully  ex- 
tirpates the  superior  maxilla,  the  second  time  this  had  been 
done  in  Maryland,  Jameson's  case  (1820)  being  the  first. 

Dea'ths :  Drs.  F.  S.  Coskery,  at  Baltimore,  set.  48;  G.  L. 
Robinson,  at  Baltimore,  September  ii,  set.  29. 

1874.  Homoeopathic  Hospital  and  Dispensary  established 
at  220  North  Greene  Street. — Maryland  State  Board  of  Health 
established. — Alumni  Association  University  of  Maryland  reor- 
ganized with  Dr.  R.  S.  Steuart,  President. — Dr.  H.  M.  Wilson 
elected  President  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  The 
Faculty  endorses  Dr.  Chancellor's  bill  before  City  Council  for 
registration  of  births  and  deaths. — Dr.  A.  F.  Erich  invents  a 
self-retaining  uterine  speculum. — Legislature  appropriates  $10,- 
000  to  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  "to  erect,  equip  and 
maintain  a  lying-in  hospital  for  indigent  women"  and  $2500 
per  annum  for  four  years  "to  maintain  said  hospital,"  the  Col- 
lege in  return  to  receive  indigent  women  from  the  State  free 
and  beneficiary  students.  With  this  appropriation  the  Mater- 
nite  Hospital  on  Lombard  Street  was  established,  the  first  in- 
stitution of  its  kind  in  the  State.  At  the  same  time  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  receives  $30,000  conditional  upon  the 
education  of  beneficiary  students  "to  aid  in  erecting  a  hospital 
on  ground  belonging  to  the  University."  With  this  amount 
the  Greene  Street  wing  of  the  Baltimore  Infirmary  or  Univer- 
sity Hospital  was  erected.  At  the  same  time  Washington  Uni- 
versity Medical  School  receives  $10,000  (April  11). — Balti- 
more Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Dispensary  organized  at  No.  2 
Central  Avenue  (April  15). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Henry  Howard,  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  March 
2,  set.  81 ;  H.  A.  Inloes,  at  Baltimore,  May  28,  set.  63 ;  D.  A. 

712 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

O'Donnell,  at  Baltimore,  August  26,  £et.  65  ;  A.  F.  Dulin,  at 
Baltimore,  November  25,  set.  68 ;  G.  E.  Morgan,  at  Baltimore, 
December  i,  set.  46. 

1875.  Dr.  J.  F.  Monmonier  elected  President  of  the  Medi- 
cal and  Chirurgical  Faculty. — Clinical  Society  of  Maryland 
founded,  with  Dr.  P.  C.  Williams  first  President  (April  23). 

Deaths:  Drs.  R.  Mackall,  at  Baltimore,  March  2,  set.  70; 
B.  A.  Dougherty,  at  New  York,  April  i,  set.  49;  J.  L.  Yeates, 
at  Baltimore,  July  24,  set.  73;  J.  P.  Mettauer,  at  old  Prince 
Edward  Court  House,  Va.,  November  22,  set.  88 ;  S.  B.  Martin, 
at  Baltimore,  December  21,  set.  90. 

1876.  Yellow  fever  at  Fells  Point,  71  cases,  59  deaths ;  at 
Marine  Hospital,  27  cases,  15  deaths.  Dr.  A.  B.  Arnold  re- 
ports that  "80  per  cent,  of  the  cases  die." — City  College  build- 
ing erected. — Dr.  Henry  W.  Baxley  leaves  by  his  will  $15,000 
to  the  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  for  the  foundation 
of  a  professorship. — Northeast  Clinical  Society  of  Baltimore 
founded,  with  Dr.  D.  S.  C.  Ireland  first  President ;  the  meetings 
of  this  society  were  continued  until  June,  1880  (April  27). — 
Dr.  Christopher  Johnston  elected  President  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  (April). — Woman's  Hospital  for  Medical 
and  Surgical  Treatment  of  Diseases  Peculiar  to  Women 
opened  with  four  beds  by  Dr.  B.  B.  Browne,  at  211  North  Eu- 
taw  Street  near  Madison ;  Dispensary  connected  with  it.  It  is 
claimed  that  this  was  the  first  Woman's  Hospital  at  Baltimore 
(May  10). — Library  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  re- 
opened at  122  West  Fayette  Street  (August  22). 

Deaths :  Drs.  R.  E.  Dorsey,  ^t.  80 ;  H.  W.  Baxley,  at  Balti- 
more, March  13,  set.  72;  R.  S.  Steuart,  at  Baltimore,  July  13, 
a?t.  78;  W.  W.  Hitt,  at  Vincennes,  Ind.,  August  18,  set.  75. 

713 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1877.  Dr.  Tiffany  reports  cases  of  colotomy. — Dr.  Theobald 
invents  a  set  of  lachrymal  probes. — Maryland  Woman's  Hos- 
pital established  at  the  M'aternite  by  Dr.  A.  F.  Erich ;  affiliated 
with  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons ;  it  is  claimed  that 
this  was  the  first  special  hospital  for  Diseases  of  Women  in 
Maryland  (see  1876). — City  Hospital  comes  under  control  of 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons. — Washington  University 
Medical  School  and  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  amal- 
gamated by  law  and  continued  under  the  latter  title.  This 
union  took  place  a't  the  close  of  the  session  of  1876-77;  the  Act 
of  the  Legislature  confirming  it  was  passed  during  the  winter 
session  of  1877-78  and  approved  by  the  Governor,  March  27, 
1878.— Dr.  A.  B.  Arnold,  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty. — Baltimore  Academy  of  Medicine  founded, 
Dr.  R.  McSherry  first  President ;  membership  limited  to  physi- 
cians of  ten  years'  standing  (May  i). — Publication  of  Mary- 
land Medical  Journal  (monthly)  begun  at  Baltimore  by  Drs. 
Manning  and  Ashby  (same  date). — Ground  broken  for  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  (June  23)  ;  first  brick  laid,  October  13. — 
Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital  opened  at  Balti- 
more (December  13). 

Deaths:  Drs.  P.  S.  Kinnemon,  at  Baltimore,  January  i,  aet. 
67 ;  N.  R.  Smith,  at  Baltimore,  July  3,  set.  80 ;  G.  D.  Beatty,  at 
Baltimore,  October  19,  ^t.  39. 

1878.  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital  founded.— Dr.  S.  P. 
Smith,  of  Cumberland,  elected  President  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty, — Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith  reports  52  successive 
successful  cases  of  lithotomy,  46  of  which  were  done  with  his 
father's  lithotome. — Dr.  Tiffany  reports  successful  removal  of 
a  pharyngeal  polyp  by  temporary  depression  of  both  superior 
maxillse. — Peabody    Library    Marble    Building,    begun    April, 

714 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1875,  is  finished  (July)  ;  opened  to  public,  September  30.  Li- 
brary room  84  X  72  feet  and  56  feet  in  height. — Committee  of 
Baltimore  Medical  Association  visits  Washington  and  urges 
upon  Congress  the  importance  of  an  investigation  of  the  cause 
of  yellow  fever  (October  28). 

Deaths :  Drs.  H.  R.  Noel,  in  Essex  County,  Va.,  January  23, 
set.  41 ;  J.  Whitridge,  at  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  July  23,  ast.  85 ;  Eli 
Geddings,  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  October  9,  set.  79 ;  P.  H. 
Austin,  at  Baltimore,  October  28,  set.  56. 

1879.  Maryland  Woman's  Hospital  removed  to  a  building 
adjoining  City  Hospital.— Nurses'  Training  School  estab- 
lished at  City  Hospital ;  suspended  after  second  session. — So- 
ciety for  Protection  of  Children  incorporated. — Smallpox  at 
Baltimore. — Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson  performs  ovariotomy  on  a 
woman  in  the  fourth  month  of  pregnancy  who  went  to  full 
term  and  normal  labor;  diagnosis  of  pregnancy  made  before 
operation. — Dr.  Tiffany  reports  cases  of  litholapaxy. — Dr. 
W.  T.  Councilman  wins  a  prize  of  $100  offered  by  the  Balti- 
more Academy  of  Medicine  for  his  essay  on  "Inflammation 
of  the  Cornea  Artificially  Induced." — Dr.  S.  C.  Chew,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  The  Faculty 
rents  a  hall  at  122  West  Fayette  Street,  near  Park  Avenue. 
A  double  card  catalogue  of  library  finished. — Thomas  Wilson, 
of  Baltimore,  dies,  endowing  by  will  the  Wilson  Sanitarium 
with  $500,000  (September  2). 

Deaths:  Drs.  T.  R.  Brown,  at  Baltimore,  January  26,  set. 
33;  J.  M.  Stevenson,  at  Baltimore,  March  6,  set.  37;  J.  M. 
Woodworth,  at  Washington,  March  14,  set.  41 ;  C.  W.  Cadden, 
at  Baltimore,  March  26,  set.  49 ;  P.  Wroth,  at  Baltimore,  June 
13,  set.  93;  W.  Fisher,  at  Pikesville,  August  7,  ast.  85;  D.  PI. 

715 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Lawrence,  in  Baltimore  County,  October  27,  £et.  67;  W.  S. 
McPherson,  at  Baltimore,  November  20,  set,  87. 

1880.  Publication  of  Independent  Practitioner  begun  at 
Baltimore  by  Dr.  H.  L.  Byrd. — Population  of  city,  332,313;  of 
State,  934,943. — Total  vaccinated,  8467. — Dr.  F.  West  success- 
fully performs  Battey's  operation,  the  first  time  in  Maryland. 
— State  Board  of  Health  reorganized. — Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson 
operates  upon  a  twin  intra  and  extrauterine  pregnancy,  remov- 
ing the  first  child  naturally,  the  second  by  laparotomy ;  mother 
dies  on  fourth  day,  the  children  said  to  have  survived. — Dr. 
Theobald  employs  boric  acid  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Dr. 
J.  S.  Hill  in  Genito-urinary  Diseases. — Dr.  H.  P.  C.  Wilson, 
President  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. — Diplococcus 
pneumoniae  discovered  by  Dr.  Sternberg,  U.  S.  A.  (Septem- 
ber).— Sesqui-centennial  celebration  of  founding  of  Baltimore 
by  the  Faculty  at  122  West  Fayette  Street,  Baltimore.  Ad- 
dresses by  the  President,  Dr.  Wilson,  and  historical  papers  by 
Drs.  B.  B.  Browne,  G.  Lane  Taneyhill,  T.  A.  Ashby,  E.  F. 
Cordell  and  by  Dr.  Joseph  M.  Toner,  Honorary  Member,  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  (October  13). — Hospital  Relief  Association 
organized;  incorporated  December  18. 

Deaths:  Drs.  W.  M.  Wood,  at  Owings'  Mills,  Baltimore 
County,  March  i,  set.  70;  Arthur  Rich,  at  Baltimore,  April  25, 
set.  65 ;  W.  H.  Keener,  at  Baltimore,  May  21,  set.  57;  J.  E.  P. 
Boulden,  at  Baltimore,  July  18,  set.  55 ;  L.  C.  Gordon,  at  Balti- 
more, October  30,  set.  29. 

1881.  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  Union  Medical  Society 
founded. — Prof.  C.  Johnston  resigns  Chair  of  Surgery  at  Uni- 
versity and  succeeded  by  Dr.  Tiffany. — Total  vaccinations, 
28,838. — Smallpox  epidemic  begins  at  Baltimore  (January) 
and  continues  until  June,  1883. — Baltimore  Monthly  Miedical 

716 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Reunion  founded,  thirty  members;  still  exists  (February  lo). 

Dr.  Frank  Donaldson  elected  President  of  Medical  and  Chi- 

ruro-ical  Faculty.  Prof.  H.  Newell  Martin  announces  and 
demonstrates  before  Faculty  the  "Baltimore  Method"  of  iso- 
lating the  mammalian  heart  in  the  dog.  Dr.  G.  M.  Sternberg 
demonstrates  sputum  septicaemia  (see  1880)  (April). — Dr. 
Charles  G.  Hill,  of  Arlington,  the  first  to  discover  the  comet 
(June  23,  3.15  A.  M.). — Twenty-one  boys  die  of  lockjaw  due 
to  toy-pistol  wounds  (July  4-18).— Organization  of  Baltimore 
Medical  College,  a  Christian  school  for  coeducation  of  both 
sexes,  by  Dr.  Byrd  and  others  (August  30).— 'Tink-eye"  dis- 
ease prevalent  among  horses  in  city  (September  29). — Balti- 
more Oriole  Festival  (October  10-12).— Organization  of  Hos- 
pital for  Women  of  Maryland  at  Baltimore. — Diphtheria  pre- 
vails at  Frederick  City  (October  26). 

Deaths:  Drs.  L.  S.  Joynes,  at  Richmond,  Va.,  January  18, 
«t.  61 ;  S.  T.  Knight,  at  Baltimore,  January  20,  set.  73 ;  W.  H. 
Davis,  at  Baltimore,  January  21,  set.  80;  C.  Macgill,  in  Chester- 
field County,  Va.,  May  5,  set.  75 ;  I.  D.  Thomson,  at  Baltimore, 
June  14,  set.  49 ;  J.  H.  Thomas,  at  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va., 
July  15,  jet.  67;  W.  T.  Miontgomery,  at  Shrewsbury,  Pa.,  Sep- 
tember I,  set.  50;  E.  L.  Howard,  at  Baltimore,  September  5, 
£et.  44;  J.  C.  Cockey,  at  Frederick,  October  18,  set.  73;  J.  L. 
Billingslea,  in  Carroll  County,  October  23,  set.  -jy ;  J.  W.  S. 
Hank,  at  Baltimore,  November  3,  set.  75. 

1882.  Dental  School  instituted  at  University  of  Maryland. 
— Anatomy  Law  passed  by  Legislature  giving  unclaimed 
bodies  to  the  colleges  for  purposes  of  dissection. — Dr.  Joseph 
Heighe  Hill,  of  Kent  County,  murdered  by  eight  negroes.— 
551  deaths  from  smallpox.— 52  ex^tra  Vaccine  Physicians  ap- 
pointed.— Woman's   Medical    College    incorporated   at   Balti- 

717 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

more,  the  fourth  in  the  United  States  and  first  in  the  South 
(February  24). — Enoch  Pratt  Library  incorporated  (March 
30). — Dr.  W.  M.  Kemp,  President  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty.  First  admission  of  a  colored  practitioner  to  member- 
ship in  the  Faculty  (April  12). — Nurses' Directory  instituted  by 
the  Faculty  (June  i). — City  Health  Department  has  spent  since 
January  i,  $14,550  on  account  of  smallpox  (June  15). — Balti- 
more Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital  opened  (September). — 
Ordinance  for  the  registration  of  births  and  deaths  at  Balti- 
more approved  by  the  Mayor  (September  9). — Mayor  approves 
ordinance  of  City  Council  making  vaccination  compulsory  and 
requiring  the  report  by  physicians  of  cases  of  smallpox, 
cholera,  yellow  fever,  malignant  diphtheria  or  scarlet  fever  and 
varioloid  within  24  hours  after  first  visit  (October  24). — Dis- 
covery of  white  phosphorus  announced  at  meeting  of  scientific 
association  of  Johns  Hopkins  University  (November  i). — 315 
deaths  from  smallpox  for  the  past  week  (December  30).  Total 
vaccinations  for  year,  94,993. 

Deaths :  Drs.  G.  W.  Pape,  at  Baltimore,  January  8,  set  33 ; 
S.  P.  Smith,  at  Cumberland,  March  i,  set.  86;  W.  G.  Regester, 
at  Baltimore,  April  22,  set.  37;  C.  Albert,  at  Easton,  June  30, 
set.  31 ;  J.  S.  Stevenson,  at  Baltimore,  August  2,  ast.  67;  E.  J. 
Chaisty,  at  Baltimore,  August  16,  set.  68;  H.  Albers,  at  Balti- 
more, October  7,  set.  70;  E.  C.  Coxe,  at  Baltimore,  October  13, 
set.  32;  C.  C.  Cox,  at  Washington,  November  25,  set.  66;  J. 
T.  Wilhelm,  at  Baltimore,  December  26,  set.  43. 

1883.  Smallpox  in  City  Jail  causes  release  of  301  prisoners 
(January  2). — 572  cases  of  smallpox  reported  in  city  during 
week  ending  January  6;  329  deaths  from  it  during  January. 
— Dedication  of  Presbyterian  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital, 
yy  East  Baltimore  Street  (March  26). — Dr.  Richard  McSherry 

718 


JOHN    R.    QUINAN 
1822-1800. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

elected  President  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
(April). — Organization  of  Maryland  Pharmaceutical  Associa- 
tion (May  8). — One  hundredth  Anniversary  of  Organization 
of  P.  E.  Diocese  of  Maryland  (May  29). — Judge  Duffy  decides 
in  Baltimore  City  Court  that  city  has  right  to  enforce  vaccina- 
tion by  fine  or  imprisonment,  thus  sustaining  the  ordinance  of 
October  24,  1882  (June  6). — Smallpox  epidemic  ceases  (July 
I )  ;  633  deaths  from  it  during  six  months  preceding ;  total  cases 
for  last  18  months,  4939,  and  1184  deaths. — Enoch  Pratt  form- 
ally turns  over  to  city  gift  of  $1,083,333.33  for  Enoch  Pratt 
Library  (July  2).— One  hundredth  annual  commencement  of 
Washington  College,  Chestertovi^n  (July  12). — "Physic  Hill," 
St.  Mary's  County,  former  residence  of  Drs.  Dulaney  and 
Abell,  burned;  loss,  $15,500  (September  15). — Mar>dand  State 
Dental  Association  organized  (October  18). — Home  for  In- 
curables incorporated  (November  17). — Total  vaccinations 
during  the  year  by  15  regular  and  103  extra  Vaccine  Physi- 
cians, 217,050.  Expenses  for  regular  Vaccine  Physicians, 
$3600;  extra  ditto,  $11,804.46;  for  virus,  $16,977.13;  total, 
$32,381.50,  or  an  average  of  14  9-10  cents  per  vaccination 
(Benson). 

Deaths:  Drs.  Septimus  Brown,  at  Baltimore,  January  31, 
set.  56;  J.  Oilman,  at  Baltimore,  August  i,  ast.  64;  W.  J.  C. 
DuHamel,  at  Washington,  August  15,  ast.  56;  C.  McLean,  at 
Baltimore,  August  17,  aet.  75 ;  E.  G.  Cox,  in  Carroll  County, 
August  19,  aet.  63. 

1884.  New  Quarantine  Llospital  opened  at  Little  Hawkins 
Point ;  old  building  to  be  used  as  a  pest  house. — Opening  of 
new  law  building  at  University  of  Maryland,  Lombard  and 
Greene  Streets  (February  28). — Faculties  of  University  of 
Maryland  School  of  Medicine  and  College  of  Physicians  and 

46  719 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Surgeons  assume  joint  control  of  the  resident  medical  appoint- 
ments at  Bayview  Asylum  (April  14). — Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  T.  S.  Latimer  elected 
President  (April  22-25). — ^^-  James  Dennis  Pitts  shoots  and 
kills  Dr.  Littleton  Thomas  Walter,  on  Tangier  Island,  Va. 
(May  17). — City  Ordinance  109  requiring  registration  of 
births  and  deaths  of  1882  repealed  and  reenacted  (May  24). — 
Wilson  Sanitarium  for  Children  opened  near  Baltimore  (June 
16) — Second  Sanitary  Council  of  Maryland  meets  at  Blue 
Mountain  Hotel  (September  17). — American  Academy  of 
Medicine  meets  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  (October  29). 
— Home  for  Incurables,  Baltimore,  dedicated  at  270  East  Fay- 
ette Street  (November  6). — Opening  of  new  building  of  Pres- 
byterian Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital,  yy  East  Baltimore 
Street ;  50  free  beds  ( November  11). 

Deaths :  Drs.  W.  J.  Piper,  in  Allegany  County,  set.  42 ;  R. 
Wright,  at  Centerville,  April  30,  set.  84;  J.  J.  Woodward,  at 
Washington,  August  18,  set.  50;  G.  Tyler,  at  Georgetown,  Au- 
gust 26,  ast.  72;  R.  Buckler,  at  Narragansett  Pier,  R.  I.,  Au- 
gust 31,  set.  52;  H.  L.  Byrd,  at  Baltimore,  November  29,  set. 
64;  A.  Hartman,  at  Baltimore,  December  16,  set.  66. 

1885.  Total  mortality  of  Baltimore,  8153,  being  annual 
death  rate  of  19.55  P^r  1000;  white  16.80,  colored  29.98. 
Births  reported,  7740. — Councilman  and  Abbott  first  American 
observers  to  discover  the  Laveran  organisms  in  the  red  cor- 
puscles of  the  blood. — Dysentery  of  a  very  fatal  kind  prevails 
in  Frederick  and  Montgomery  Counties ;  350  cases,  67  deaths. 
— Arrival  of  ship  "Willie  Rosenfeld,"  the  largest  vessel  ever 
at  Baltimore — Annual  meeting  of  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore, 
corner  St.  Paul  and  Saratoga  Streets  (May  12)  ;  Dr.  j.  R. 
Quinan  elected  President.     Regulation  of  practice  proposed. 

720 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Women  become  eligible  to  membership. — Three  fatal  cases  of 
trichiniasis  at  Baltimore  from  eating  raw  pork  (July  26). — 
First  electric  railway  in  America  begins  running  between  Balti- 
more and  Hampden  (August  10). — Dr.  James  D.  Pitts  found 
guilty  of  murder  in  second  degree  for  killing  Dr.  L.  T.  Walter 
on  Tangier  Island  and  sentenced  to  penitentiary  for  five  years 
(September  26). — Maryland  School  of  Veterinary  Medicine 
opens,  Dr.  Ward,  F.  R.  C.  V.  S.,  delivering  the  first  lecture  at 
380  West  Baltmiore  Street  (October  i). — Baltimore  University 
School  of  Medicine  opens  at  233-235  East  Baltimore  Street, 
with  30  students  and  12  professors  (same  date). — Good  Sa- 
maritan Hospital  opened  at  McCulloh  and  Mosher  Streets 
(October  8). — Harford  County  Medical  Society  founded  at 
Belair,  Dr.  James  F.  H.  Gorsuch,  President,  Dr.  W.  Stump 
Forwood,  Secretary  and  Dr.  R.  D.  Lee,  Treasurer  (November 
10). — First  paper  mill  at  Baltimore  (December  12). 

Deaths:  Drs.  J.  J.  Moorman,  in  Virginia,  January  18,  set. 
83;  D,  I.  McKew,  at  Baltimore,  February  10,  set.  55;  E.  Fore- 
man, at  Washington,  April  14,  set.  yy ;  T.  Daugherty,  at  Balti- 
more, September  15,  set.  55;  R.  McSherry,  at  Baltimore,  Oc- 
tober 7,  set.  67;  E.  DeLoughery,  at  Baltimore,  November  18, 
set.  79. 

1886.  Case  of  "Burking"  at  Baltimore. — Enoch  Pratt  Li- 
brary opened  (January  4). — Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
meets  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  G.  W.  Miltenberger  elected  President. 
— Lunacy  Bill  passed  (April). 

Deaths:  Drs.  A.  W.  Colburn,  at  Baltimore;  E.  Schwartze, 
at  Baltimore,  March  12,  set.  80;  A.  M.  Fauntleroy,  at  Staun- 
ton, Va.,  June  19,  set.  50;  W.  M.  Kemp,  at  Baltimore,  Sep- 
tember 6,  set.  76. 

721 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1887.  Separate  Lying-in  Hospital  founded  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland. — Dr.  William  Osier  confirms  the  presence 
and  diagnostic  significance  of  the  Laveran  organism  in  ma- 
laria {British  Medical  Journal,  March  12). — Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  meets  at  Baltimore ;  Dr.  I.  E.  Atkinson  elected 
President  (April). 

1888.  Appeal  from  Medical  Colleges  of  Baltimore  in  be- 
half of  Senate  Bill,  No.  loi,  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  Promo- 
tion of  Medical  Science  by  the  Distribution  and  Use  of  Un- 
claimed Pluman  Bodies  for  Scientific  Purposes,  through  a 
Board  created  for  that  Purpose,  and  to  Prevent  Unauthorized 
Uses  and  Traffic  in  Human  Bodies."  This  is  signed  by  the 
Professors  of  Anatomy  in  all  the  Colleges.  Says  that  up  to 
present  time  no  efficient  provision  has  been  made  here  for 
such  material  and  the  Colleges  have  been  compelled  to  rely 
on  "body-snatchers."  Bill  lOi  provides  that  bodies  of  tramps 
and  vagabonds  be  so  used.  The  signers  suggest  an  amend- 
ment, "that  any  one  who  was  a  friend  of  the  deceased  during 
life  may  claim  the  body  for  burial."  "Has  been  in  force  for 
several  years  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia  and  has  put  a 
stop  there  to  grave  robbery." — Dr.  John  Morris  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Faculty.  Committee,  Dr.  R.  Gundry,  chairman, 
reports  success  of  Faculty  in  its  efforts  to  found  a  State  Institu- 
tion for  Feeble-minded  Children  in  Maryland  (April). — Garrett 
Sanitarium  for  Children  founded  by  Mrs.  Robert  Garrett,  at 
Mount  Airy,  Md. ;  formally  opened  with  twenty  beds   (June). 

Deaths:  Drs.  W.  E.  A.  Aikin,  at  Baltimore,  May  30,  set.  81 ; 
J.  S.  Lynch,  at  Baltimore,  September  27,  set.  59 ;  F.  E.  Cha- 
tard,  at  Baltimore,  October  18,  a^t.  83. 

1889.  Nurses'  Training  School  Building  erected  at  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland  at  a  cost  of  $10,000. — Washington  County 

722 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  Society  organized  at  Hagerstown. — Maryland  Train- 
ing School  for  the  Feeble-minded  opened  at  Olwings'  Mills 
(February  19). — Dr.  A.  Friedenwald  elected  President  of  the 
Faculty  (April  23). — Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  opened  for  re- 
ception of  patients.  Ceremonies  last  from  12  M.  to  6  P.  M. 
Addresses  by  Governor  Jackson,  President  D.  C.  Oilman,  Mr. 
Francis  T.  King  and  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings  (May  7). — Johns  Hop- 
kins Training  School  for  Nurses  opened  (October  i). — Dr. 
Philippe  Ricord,  a  native  of  Baltimore,  dies  at  Paris,  aet.  89. 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Medical  Society  founded.  Dr.  Wm. 
H.  Welch,  President  (October  22). — Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
Journal  Club  founded  (October  29). — Faculty  of  School  of 
Medicine,  University  of  Maryland,  adopts  preliminary  exam- 
ination in  English,  written  examinations  and  a  compulsory 
three-year  course,  to  come  into  effect  in  1891  (December). — 
Training  School  for  Nurses  founded  at  same  institution  (De- 
cember 15). 

Deaths:  Drs.  O.  J.  Coskery,  at  Baltimore,  July  5,  set.  46; 
Joseph  Beale,  at  Philadelphia,  September  23,  set.  74;  G.  Ellis 
Porter,  at  Lonaconing,  December  30,  set.  59. 

1890.  Population  of  city,  434,151;  of  State,  1,040,431. — 
Law  of  1890,  Chapter  622,  requires  every  physician  in  the 
State  outside  the  limits  of  Baltimore  City  to  immediately  notify 
the  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  of  every  death 
occurring  in  his  or  her  practice  from  smallpox,  cholera,  yellow 
fever,  typhoid  or  typhus  fever,  dipththeria  or  any  other  dis- 
ease of  a  contagious,  infectious  or  epidemic  character, — Ameri- 
can Medical  College  Association  organized  at  Nashville  during 
meeting  of  American  Medical  Association,  in  accordance  with 
the  suggestion  and  call  of  the  Baltimore  Medical  Colleges. 
Preliminary  examination  and  three-year  course  of  lectures  to 

723 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

be  enforced,  commencing-  session  of  1892-93. — Anatomy  Law 
amended. — City  Hospital,  corner  Calvert  and  Saratoga  Streets. 
opened  under  control  of  Sisters  of  Mercy  (R.  C.)  and  con- 
nected with  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  which  by 
agreement  secures  in  perpetuity  the  privileges  of  clinical  in- 
struction in  it  (January  i). — Opening  of  Garrett  Free  Hos- 
pital for  Children  at  27  North  Carey  Street,  Baltimore  (same 
date). — Courses  of  Advanced  or  Post-graduate  Lectures  de- 
livered at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  January  to  March,  and 
continued  annually. — City  Ordinance  of  October  24,  1882, 
amended  so  as  to  require  report  of  measles,  whooping  cough, 
pseudo-membranous  croup  and  mumps  (March  20). — Com- 
missioner of  Health  calls  attention  of  the  profession  of  Balti- 
more to  the  neglect  of  physicians  to  report  infectious  and  con- 
tagious diseases  and  births;  Ordinance  No.  102,  1884,  re- 
quires monthly  returns  of  births  to  him  (March  29). — First 
observation  in  America  of  amoeba  coli  by  Dr.  William  Osier 
at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  (May  i,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
Bulletin). — Dr.  T.  A.  Ashby  elected  President  of  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty  (April  22). — Dr.  Wm.  H.  Welch  finds  the 
diplococcus  pneumoniae  present  in  all  of  ten  cases  of  pneu- 
monia. Isolates  it  in  pure  culture.  "Evidence  of  its  being 
the  specific  cause  of  the  disease  very  strong"  (July,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital  Bulletin). — Report  of  second  case  of  dysentery 
in  which  the  amoeba  coli  is  found.  First  demonstration  to  a 
medical  Society  (September,  H.  A.  Lafleur,  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital  Bulletin). — Southern  Homoeopathic  Medical  College 
and  Hospital  founded  at  Baltimore  (October  22). — During  the 
year  the  collection  of  a  fund  of  $100,000  is  begun  by  the  women 
throughout  the  country  in  order  to  secure  equal  privileges  for 
women  as  for  men  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School.     The 

724 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

amount  raised  by  October  28  is  $111,300  which  is  then  ac- 
cepted by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  which  resolves  to  open  the 
school  when  a  fund  for  its  establishment  and  maintenance  shall 
amount  to  not  less  than  $500,000.  Besides  the  $111,300,  the 
Trustees  have,  at  this  date,  $67,480.42  available,  the  greater 
part  being  the  principal  and  interest  of  the  Baxley  bequest. — 
Abscess  of  liver  diagnosed  by  finding  the  amoeba  coli  in  the 
expectoration,  by  Dr.  Simon  (November,  /.  H.  H.  Bulletin), 
— Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Historical  Club  organized,  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Osier,  President  (November  10). — Semi-annual  meeting 
of  Faculty  at  Cambridge  (November  11). — First  experiment 
at  Baltimore  with  Koch's  lymph  for  consumption  made  at 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital;  eleven  cases  treated  (December  12, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin). — Dr.  J.  N.  Mackenzie  re- 
ports case  of  tuberculosis  of  lip  (December,  same). 

Death:  Dr.  J.  R.  Quinan,  at  Baltimore,  November  11,  set. 
68. 

1891.  Three-year  course  of  medical  study  becomes  compul- 
sory at  the  University  of  Maryland. — Opening  of  City  Morgue, 
two-story  brick  building,  corner  President  and  Lancaster 
Streets,  18  x  40  feet,  with  accommodations  for  five  bodies. 
Cost,  less  instruments,  furniture,  etc.,  $4000  (January  16). — 
Dr.  W.  H.  Welch  elected  President  of  Faculty  (April  28). — 
Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy ;  ban- 
quet at  Eutaw  House  (April  17). — The  Johns  Hopkins  Medi- 
cal School  Fund  amounts  to  $178,780.42  (April  30). — Addi- 
tion to  City  Hospital,  adjoining  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  for  colored  persons,  four  stories  24  x  loi  feet  (May 
15). — First  Commencement  of  Johns  Hopkins  Training  School 
for  Nurses;  17  graduates  (June  5). — Calvert  Hall,  Saratoga 
Street  opposite  Little  Sharp,  formerly  St.  Peter's  R.  C.  Church 

725 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

(the  first  R.  C.  Church  at  Baltimore),  and  for  forty-one  years 
occupied  by  Christian  Brothers  as  a  collegiate  institute,  pur- 
chased from  Cathedral  Trustees  for  a  Homoeopathic  College 
(August  5). — Dedication  of  Southern  Homoeopathic  College, 
Baltimore.  Cost,  $16,000  in  fee,  improvements  $5000  to  $6000. 
All  has  been  paid  ofif  by  physicians,  directors  and  friends. 
Veterinary  and  Dental  Departments  in  prospect  (October  5). 
< — Semi-annual  Meeting  of  Faculty  at  Rockville  (November). 
Deaths :  Drs.  R.  Gundry,  at  Spring  Grove  Asylum,  April  23, 
set.  60;  J.  F.  May,  at  Washington,  May  i,  set.  79;  C.  John- 
ston, at  Baltimore,  October  12,  set.  69;  F.  Donaldson,  at  Balti- 
more, December  9,  set.  68. 

1892.  Mrs.  Brune  presents  400  volumes,  being  the  library 
of  her  late  husband.  Dr.  T.  Barton  Brune,  to  the  University 
of  Maryland  Hospital. — Medical  Society  (ephemeral)  organ- 
ized at  Easton. — First  demonstration  of  gas-producing  bacil- 
lus {bacillus  (Erogenes  capsulatiis,  Welch)  by  Drs.  Welch  and 
Nuttall.  "Case  of  rapid  development  of  gas  in  blood-vessels 
after  death"  (March,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin). — 
Dr.  L.  M.  Tiffany,  President  of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty (April  26).  Busts  of  Drs.  N.  R.  Smith  and  J.  Buckler 
presented. — Act  of  Assembly,  Chapter  296,  becomes  operative 
(June).  Boards  of  Medical  Examiners  appointed  for  the  regu- 
lar profession  and  for  the  Homoeopaths.  All  persons  com- 
mencing practice  must  procure  license  from  one  or  other 
Board ;  otherwise  they  are  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  must 
pay  fine  of  from  $50  to  $200  for  each  offense,  or  in  default  of 
payment  be  confined  to  jail  until  fines,  etc.,  are  paid,  and  be  de- 
barred from  receiving  compensation  for  services  rendered. — 
Semi-annual  meeting  at  Easton  (November  15  and  16). — Miss 
Mary  E.   Garrett  gives  $306,977  to  the  fund  for  the  Johns 

726 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hopkins  Medical  School.  This  with  amount  already  on  hand 
completes  the  $500,000  endowment  and  entitles  men  and  women 
to  equal  rights  in  the  School  (December  22). 

Deaths :  Drs.  W.  S.  Forwood,  at  Darlington,  January  2,  set. 
61;  L.  H.  Steiner,  at  Baltimore,  February  18,  set.  64;  A.  H. 
Bayly,  at  Cambridge,  March  14,  set.  J'j ;  W.  C.  Van  Bibber,  at 
Baltimore,  December  14,  set.  68. 

1893.  Board  of  Trustees  of  Endowment  Fund  of  Faculty  of 
Physic,  University  of  Maryland,  elected. — Woman's  Medical 
College  secures  building  and  lot  corner  McCulloh  and  Hoflf- 
man  Streets  (March  20). — Dr.  Wm.  T.  Howard,  Jr.,  reports 
a  case  of  acute  ulcerative  endocarditis  due  to  bacillus  diph- 
theriticus ;  first  recorded  observation  of  this  (April,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital  Bulletin). — Dr.  G.  H.  Rohe  elected  President  of 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  (April).  Committee  on  Pub- 
lic Health  appointed.  Dr.  Tiffany  reports  operations  on  Gas- 
serian  ganglion  for  facial  neuralgia. — Messrs.  Mendes  Cohen, 
Henry  T.  Douglass  and  Frank  H.  Hambleton  appointed  a 
commission  on  Sewerage  System  of  Baltimore  (May  29). — 
Dr.  James  Brown  catheterizes  the  male  ureter  (June  9). — 
Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School  opens  with  thirteen  men  and 
three  women  and  fifteen  teachers  (October  2). — Opening  of 
new  laboratory  building,  University  of  M'aryland  (October 
26). — Semi-annual  meeting  of  Faculty  at  Annapolis  (Novem- 
ber). 

Deaths:  Drs.  W.  H.  Stokes,  at  Baltimore,  May  7,  set.  81; 
Thomas  J.  Dunott,  at  Philadelphia,  May  20,  set.  62 ;  E.  War- 
ren, at  Paris,  September  16,  set.  65. 

1894.  Act  of  1894,  Chapter  217,  Code  of  Public  General 
Laws  of  Maryland,  entitled  "Health,"  sub-title  "Practitioners 
of  Medicine"  (amending  Chapter  296,  1892),  requires  physi- 

727 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cians  tO'  register  with  the  Circuit  Courts  of  the  various  counties 
and  Baltimore  City. — Dr.  R.  W.  Johnson  elected  President  of 
Faculty  (April).  Committee  on  Legislation  appointed.  First 
Report  of  Medical  Examining  Board. — Ground  broken  for 
first  of  group  of  buildings  of  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School, 
to  be  called  the  Woman's  Fund  Memorial  Building,  intended 
for  an  anatomical  laboratory,  60  x  100  feet,  three  stories  and 
attic  with  basement.  Built  of  sand  brick.  The  first  in  the 
United  States  erected  exclusively  for  anatomical  purposes. 
Cost  about  $50,000.  Other  buildings  to  be  erected  later  are 
laboratories  of  pharmacology,  physiology  and  hygiene.  The 
site  of  the  group  is  a  lot  300  x  320  feet  northeast  of  the  Hos- 
pital (April  16)  ;  the  first  building  was  ready  for  occupation 
the  ensuing  session. — Provident  Hospital  (colored)  instituted 
on  Orchard  Street,  Baltimore,  R.  W.  Hall,  M.D.,  Dean;  negro 
medical  college  contemplated  in  connection  therewith  (May 
16). — Smallpox  appears  at  Baltimore;  nineteen  cases  sent  to 
Quarantine  Hospital,  of  whom  four  die  (May). — Semi-annual 
meeting  of  Faculty  at  Cumberland  (November  21  and  22). — 
American  Physiological  Society  holds  convention  at  Balti- 
more (December). 

Deaths :  S.  Teackle  Wallis,  Provost  of  University  of  Mary- 
land, at  Baltimore ;  Drs.  J.  F.  Monmonier,  at  Baltimore,  June 
8,  set.  81;  H.  W.  Webster,  at  Baltimore,  August  29,  set.  64; 
William  Goodell,  at  Philadelphia,  October  27,  aet.  65. 

1895.  Maternite  opened  at  410  West  Hoffman  Street  by 
Woman's  Medical  College  (January  24). — Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  decides  to  purchase  839  North  Eutaw  Street 
in  fee  for  $10,000;  25  feet  front  with  rear  building  on  Linden 
Avenue  (March  20.  Afterwards  No.  847  chosen  instead). — 
Dr.  S.  Flexner  reports  to  Faculty  cases  of  peritonitis  caused 

728 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

by  the  micrococcits  lanceolaius;  first  report  of  this.    Dr.  J.  Ed- 
win Michael  elected  President  (April  23).-Chapin  A.  Harris 
Memorial  Fund  Committee  begins  to  erect  a  monument  over 
his  crave  and  tablets  in  Dental  Colleges  (June). -Dr.  Simon 
Flexner  describes  a  new  organism,  ''bacillus  pyogenes  ilhfoy- 
mis"  from  the  Pathological  Laboratory  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University  and  Hospital    (November-December,   Bidlehn).- 
Semi-annual  meeting  of  Faculty  at  Belair  (November  19  and 
20)      Dr.  Charles  G.  Hill  succeeds  to  the  Presidency  of  the 
Facultv  on  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  Edwin  Michael  (December  7). 
Deaths:     Drs.   W.    H.    Zollickoffer,   at   Newmarket,   Va. ; 
Caleb   Winslow,    at   Baltimore,    June    13,   set.    71;    J-    ^dwin 
Michael,  at  Baltimore,  December  7,  ^et.  47. 

1896.     M\inicipal   Bacteriological  Laboratory   of  Baltimore 
instituted  through  the  exertions  of  the  Faculty;  Dr.  William 
Roval  Stokes  assumes  charge.-Book  and  Journal  Club  insti- 
tuted to  assist  the  growth  of  the  Library  of  the  Faculty.     Clmi- 
cal  Laboratory  opened  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. 
—Opening  of  Faculty's  new  building,  847  North  Eutaw  Street 
(January  11).— Dr.  R.  L.  Randolph  reports  cHnical  and  ex- 
perimental  study   of   oyster   shucker's   keratitis    (January  20, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin,  June). -Hospital  for  Crip- 
pled and  Deformed  Children  incorporated  at  Baltimore,  Dr. 
R    Tunstall  Taylor  Surgeon  in  Charge;  accommodations  for 
forty    with    annex    in    Blue    Ridge    Mountains,    Washington 
County    (May  20). -Dr.  William  Osier  elected  President  of 
the  Faculty  (April  28).     Presentation  of  busts  of  ^sculapius 
and  Hippocrates  and  portraits  of  Drs.  Miltenberger  and  H.  P. 
C.   Wilson.     Committee   on   General    Sanitation   appointed.— 
The  University  of  Maryland,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons and  Woman's  Medical  College  adopt  a  compulsory  four- 

729 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

year  course  (October). — Presentation  of  Thorwaldsen  Statue 
of  Christ  to  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Spence 
(October  14). — Semi-annual  meeting  at  Hagerstown  (Novem- 
ber 10  and  11). — Opening  of  Frick  Library,  a  section  of  the 
Faculty's  Library,  847  North  Eutaw  Street.  Addresses  by 
Drs.  S.  C.  Chew,  of  Baltimore ;  J.  M.  Da  Costa,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  Jos.  D.  Bryant,  of  New  York ;  also  by  Mr.  Reverdy  John- 
son.    Followed  by  supper  (December  10). 

Deaths :  Drs.  J.  M.  Toner,  at  Cresson,  Pa.,  July  30,  set.  71 ; 
P.  C.  Williams,  at  Baltimore,  November  21,  set.  68. 

1897.  New  University  of  Maryland  Hospital  completed  and 
occupied. — Dr.  L.  F.  Barker  exhibits  to  Johns  Hopkins  Medical 
Society  a  new  sesthesiometer  (January  18). — Dr.  H.  A.  Kelly 
describes  a  new  method  of  catheterizing-  the  male  ureter 
through  an  open  cystoscope  with  bladder  distended  with  air 
by  posture  (January)  (Demonstrated  at  St.  Luke's  Hospital, 
New  York,  February  4,  1898,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin, 
March,  1898). — The  Maryland  PubHc  Health  Association 
founded  through  joint  efforts  of  the  Faculty  and  State  Board 
of  Health  (February  17). — A  department  for  the  treatment  of 
rabies  by  the  Pasteur  method  opened  at  the  City  Hospital, 
Baltimore,  under  the  auspices  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  (April  13). — Dr.  C.  M.  Ellis  elected  President  of  the 
Faculty  (April  27). — Typhoid  bacillus  obtained  from  the  blood 
of  a  typhoid  fever  patient  during  life  by  Dr.  E.  Bates  Block ; 
the  fourth  observer  to  obtain  it  from  the  living  subject  (June, 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin). — Semi-annual  meeting  of 
Faculty  at  Ocean  City  (September  15  and  16). — Peninsular 
Hospital  founded  at  Salisbury,  Wicomico  County,  Dr.  George 
W.  Todd,  Superintendent  (October  i). — Dr.  Wm.  T.  Council- 
man confirms  the  setiological  significance  of  the  meningococcus 

730 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

intracellularis  in  epidemic  cerebro-spinal  meningitis   (Novem- 
ber 15,  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin,  February,  1898). 

Deaths :  Drs.  J.  C.  Thomas,  at  Baltimore,  November  9,  set. 
64;  H.  P.  C.  Wilson,  at  Baltimore,  December  27,  set.  70. 

1898.  Buildings  recently  completed  at  State  Insane  Hospital 
No.  2,  Sykesville,  now  in  use  and  176  male  patients  there. 
Four  new  cottages  to  be  built  to  accommodate  175  female  in- 
sane.— Maryland  M^edical  College  and  Temperance  Hospital 
opened  on  Baltimore  Street  near  Carrollton  Avenue  (Balti- 
more).— New  constitution  adopted  by  the  Faculty. — New 
physiological  and  pharmacological  building  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University  opened  at  Washington  and  Monument  Streets 
(January). — Dr.  G.  Brown  Miller  discovers  the  bacillus 
typhosus  in  the  gall  bladder  seven  years  after  typhoid  fever  in 
a  patient  operated  on  by  Dr.  H.  A.  Kelly  (March  19,  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin,  Mlay,  1898). — Secretary  of  State 
Board  of  Health  reports  forty  local  boards  in  State  (March 
12.) — Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Hospital  occupies  its 
new  building;  32  beds,  24  free  and  8  private  (April  i). — Dr. 
Harvey  W.  Gushing  reports  cases  establishing  the  fact  that 
acute  diffuse  peritonitis  can  be  caused  by  the  gonococcus ;  the 
first  convincing  evidence  of  this  (May,  Bulletin,  May,  1899). — 
Dr.  S.  G.  Ghew  elected  Gentennial  President  of  the  Faculty, 
April  26). — First  Demonstration  of  combined  typhoid  and 
quartan  malarial  infection  by  Dr.  Graig  (October,  Bulletin, 
November,  1899). — Semi-annual  meeting  of  Faculty  at  Fred- 
erick (November  16-17). — United  Gharities  Hospital  founded 
at  Cambridge,  Dorchester  County,  Dr.  B.  W.  Goldsborough, 
Chief  of  Medical  Staff  (December  28). 

731 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Deaths:  Drs.  A.  P.  Smith,  at  Baltimore,  July  i8,  set.  58; 
William  Pepper,  in  California,  July  28,  aet.  54 ;  H.  N.  Martin, 
in  Yorkshire,  England,  October  27,  set.  50. 

1899.  Centennial  Year.  Laboratory  of  Physiology,  Phy- 
siological Chemistry  and  Pharmacology  opened  at  Johns 
Plopkins  Medical  School. — Eugene  Horwitz  prize  medal  insti- 
tuted at  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. — Centennial  meeting 
of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  held  at  Baltimore, 
April  25-28.  Addresses  by  the  Governor  of  Maryland  and 
distinguished  physicians  from  all  parts  of  the  country  at 
McCoy  Hall,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Exhibition  of  por- 
traits, etc.  Clinics  at  the  various  hospitals.  Banquet  at 
Rennert's  Plotel.  Receptions,  dinners,  etc.  Dr.  Clotworthy 
Birnie  elected  President. 

Deaths :  Drs.  George  H.  Rohe,  at  New  Orleans,  February 
6,  set.  48;  David  Stewart,  a;t  Port  Penn,  Del.,  September  2, 
set.  86. 

Deaths,  1900:  Drs.  Wm.  A.  Hammond,  at  Washington, 
January  6 ;  James  T.  Whittaker,  at  Cincinnati,  June  5,  ast.  57 ; 
Jesse  W.  Lazear,  in  Cuba,  September  25,  set.  34. 

Deaths,  1901 :  Drs.  John  R.  Page,  at  Charlottesville, 
March  11,  aet.  70;  E.  M.  Schaefifer,  at  Baltimore,  April  23, 
set.  45 ;  T.  H.  Buckler,  at  Baltimore,  April  20,  set.  89. 

Deaths,  1902 :  Drs.  Joseph  Wilkins,  at  Baltimore,  Febru- 
ary 5,  set.  78;  R.  C.  Mackall,  at  Elkton,  February  16,  set.  80; 
J.  C.  Earle,  at  Easton,  May  17,  set.  78;  A.  Friedenwald,  at 
Baltimore,  August  26,  set.  65 ;  William  H.  Crim,  at  Baltimore, 
November  15,  set.  57;  M.  B.  Billingslea,  at  Baltimore,  Decem- 
ber 8,  set.  53. 


APPENDIX. 


Presidents. — Upton  Scott,  1 799-1801 ;  Philip  Thomas, 
1801-1815;  Ennalls  Martin,  1815-1820;  Robert  Moore,  1820- 
1826;  Robert  Goldsborough,  1826-1836;  Maxwell  McDowell, 
1836-1841 ;  Joel  Hopkins,  1841-1848;  Richard  Sprigg  Steuart, 
1848-1849,  1850-1851;  Peregrine  Wroth,  1849-1850;  WilHam 
W.  Handy,  1851-1852;  Michael  S.  Baer,  1852-1853;  John  L. 
Yeates,  1853-1854;  John  Fonerden,  1854-1855 ;  Jacob  Baer, 
1855-1856;  Christopher  C.  Cox,  1856-1857;  Joshua  I.  Cohen, 
1857-1858;  Joel  Hopkins,  1858-1859;  George  C.  M.  Roberts, 
1859-1870;  John  R.  W.  Dunbar,  1870;  Nathan  R.  Smith,  1870- 
1872;  Philip  C.  Williams,  1872-1873;  Charles  H.  Ohr,  1873- 
1874;  Henry  M.  Wilson,  1874-1875  ;  John  F.  Monmonier,  1875- 
1876;  Christopher  Johnston,  1876-1877;  Abram  B.  Arnold, 
1877-1878;  Samuel  P.  Smith,  1878-1879;  Samuel  C.  Chew, 
1879-1880;  Henry  P.  C.  Wilson,  1880-1881  ;  Frank  Donaldson, 
1881-1882;  William  M.  Kemp,  1882-1883;  Richard  McSherry, 
1883-1884;  Thomas  S.  Latimer,  1884-1885;  John  R.  Quinan, 
1885-1886;  George  W.  Miltenberger,  1886-1887;  I.  Edmond- 
son  Atkinson,  1887-1888;  John  Morris,  1888-1889;  Aaron 
Friedenwald,  1889-1890;  Thomas  A.  Ashby,  1890-1891 ;  Wil- 
liam H.  Welch,  1891-1892 ;  L.  McLane  Tiffany,  1892- 1893 ; 
George  H.  Rohe,  1893-1894;  Robert  W.  Johnson,  1 894-1 895 ; 
J.  Edwin  Michael,  1895;  Charles  G.  Hill,  1895-1896;  William 
Osier,  1896-1897;  Charles  M.  Ellis,  1897-1898;  Samuel  C. 
Chew,  1898- 1899. 

733 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Secretaries. — Ashton  Alexander,  1799-1801 ;  Nathaniel 
Potter,  1801-1809;  Samuel  Baker,  1809-1813;  John  Arnest, 
1813-1817;  Patrick  Macaulay,  1817-1818;  Ezra  Gillingham, 
1818-1819;  William  Fisher,  1819-1821;  1826-28;  George 
Frick,  1821-1826;  John  Fonerden,  1828-1834;  Robert  A.  Dur- 
kee,  1834-1848;  William  H.  Davis,  1848-1851 ;  Frank  Donald- 
son, 1851-1855;  Joseph  Wilkins,  1855-1856;  Wm.  B.  Crane, 
1856-1857;  W.  Chew  Van  Bibber,  1857-1859;  Henry  M.  Wil- 
son, 1859-1873;  Wilson  G.  Register,  1873-1882;  G.  Lane 
Taneyhill,  1882-1894;  Joseph  T.  Smith,  1894-1895;  John  S. 
Fulton,  1895-1897;  J.  Williams  Lord,  1897 — . 

Treasurers. — The  following  is  a  list  of  those  who  have  held 
the  office  of  Treasurer  taken  in  part  from  an  old  Treasurer's 
book  in  the  Society  archives.  This  book  is  of  especial  inter- 
est because  it  goes  back  to  the  very  beginning  of  the  Society 
and  is  the  oldest  MS.  record  of  it  extant.  J.  T.  Shaaff,  1799- 
1801 ;  Ashton  Alexander,  1801-1803;  Henry  Wilkins,  1803- 
1807;  John  Shaw,  1807-1809;  Solomon  Birckhead,  1809-1811; 
James  Smith,  1811-1817;  W.  W.  Handy,  1817-1834;  Edmund 
G.  Edrington,  1834-1836;  George  S.  Gibson,  1836-1838;  Sam- 
uel Chew,  1838-1839;  J.  L  Cohen,  1839-1856;  F.  E.  B.  Hintze, 
1856-1859;  Judson  Gilman,  1859-1861 ;  Thomas  Owings, 
1861-1862;  P.  S.  Kinnemon,  1862-1870;  Judson  Gilman,  1870- 
1883;  W.  F.  A.  Kemp,  1883-1898;  T.  A.  Ashby,  1898—.  There 
is  a  note  in  the  MS.  Archives  which  alludes  to  Dr.  J.  F.  Mon- 
monier  as  Treasurer  July  4,  1863. 

Stock,  etc..  Owned  by  the  Faculty. — Purchase  of  stock, 

etc.,  is  recorded  by  the  various  Treasurers  as  follovi^s : 

Jan.      I,  1807,  4  shares  of  Farmers  Bank  at  Annapolis,    .    .    .  $200.00 

Aug.  20,  1807,  I         '                  "              "                    "          ...  50.00 

July      3,  1810,  8        "          Com'l  and  Farmers  Bank,  Balto.    .  200.00 

June    9,  1813,  18        "                   "               "               "          "      .  533-25 

May  17,  i8r4,  6        "                   "               "               "          "      .  186.00 

734 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

July     2,  1817,  30  Shares  of  City  Bank  Stock,* $510.00 

Sept         1825      7        "          Union  Bank  Stock, 525-00 

Apr."i2,  1827,     7        "                     "               "          528.50 

May  31,  1834,    6        "                    "              "          360.00 

"      31,1834,     4        "          Commercial  and  Farmers  Bank,     .  100.00 
Apr.     1 ,  1842,     City  6  per  cent  Stock  purchased  by  sale  of  Com- 
mercial and  Farmers  Bank   and  Bank  of  Bal- 
timore Stock,  1375-00 

Sept.  25,  1854,  City  6  per  cent  Stock  (|ioo) 99-25 

*The  City  Bank  must  have  failed  for  there  is  a  note  of  a  "final  dividend"  of  $38.25 
paid  January  26,  1843.  "due  since  June,  1840." 

Library.— The  following  items  from  the  Archives  relate 
to  the  library:  July  5,  1830,  paid  Dr.  Fonerden,  appropriation, 
$500;  do.,  June  4,  1831,  $10;  do.,  June  11,  1831,  salary  as 
librarian  for  year,  $100;  do.,  April  25,  1831,  appropriation, 
$300;  do.,  July  2,  1832,  salary,  $100;  do.,  July  30,  1832,  ap- 
propriation, $300;  do.,  June  4,  1833,  salary,  $100;  do.,  Jan. 
7,  1834,  appropriation,  $130;  do..  May  30,  1834,  appropria- 
tion, $70;  do.,  June  11,  1834,  salary,  $50;  do.,  June  30, 
1834,  salary,  $50;  do.,  Jan.  9,  1835,  appropriation,  $200; 
do.,  July  10,  1835,  salary,  $50;  do.,  sundry  payments 
for  library  in  1834,  $21.25;  do.,  Feb.  19,  1836,  appropria- 
tion, $178.75 ;  Treasurer  of  Library  Board,  April  10,  1837,  ap- 
propriation, $130;  do.,  Jan.  7,  1838,  $370;  do.,  ist  insurance, 
July  10,  1838,  $5.25;  do.,  May  30,  1839,  appropriation, 
$170.60;  do.,  June  3,  1839,  appropriation,  $40;  do.,  Aug. 
25,  1839,  appropriation,  $72;  do..  May  30,  1840,  appropriation, 
$74.44;  do.,  July  21,  1840,  appropriation,  $30;  do.,  Dec.  i,  1840, 
appropriation,  $26.66;  do.,  June  4,  1841,  $6;  do.,  July  5,  1841, 
$11 ;  do.,  July  28,  1841,  $5  ;  do.,  Sept.  21,  1841,  $70;  do.,  Jan. 
6,  1842,  appropriation,  $6.75 ;  do.,  Feb.  7,  1842,  $5 ;  do.,  July 
12,  1842,  $50;  do.,  Nov.  7,  1842,  balance  of  appropriation  of 
1839,  $15.15 ;  cash  paid  for  rent  of  room  and  services  of  libra- 
rian, Aug.  17,  1843,  $72 ;  Treasurer  of  Library  Board,  Feb.  15, 

*7  735 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1844,  appropriation,  $20;  do.,  appropriation.  May  17,  1844, 
$109.50;  cash  for  rent  of  room  for  library,  due  June  21,  $75; 
Treasurer  of  Library  Board,  Feb.  26,  1845,  appropriation,  $50; 
do.,  furniture  for  library,  Sept.  29,  1845,  $8-75 ;  do.,  expenses 
of  removal  of  library,  Sept.  29,  1845,  $i-56;  do.,  rent  of  room, 
Sept.  30,  1845,  $75  5  do.,  for  book-cases,  Sept.  30,  1845,  $28.50; 
do.,  Oct.  29,  1845,  appropriation,  $30;  do.,  July  16,  1846,  ap- 
propriation, $75 ;  salary  of  assistant  librarian,  Sept.  8,  1846, 
$50;  Library  Board,  June  2,  1847,  appropriation,  $25  ;  services 
of  librarian,  June  7,  1847,  $10;  Library  Board,  Oct.  25,  1847, 
appropriation,  $50;  do.,  Oct.  27,  1847,  appropriation,  $40;  do., 
April  14,  1848,  appropriation,  $20;  Library  Board,  Oct.  2, 
1848,  appropriation,  $50;  do.,  Jan.  10,  1849,  appropriation,  $50; 
<io.,  April  II,  1849,  appropriation,  $25;  do.,  June  20,  1849, 
licenses  of  1847,  by  order,  $60;  do.,  Sept.  24,  1849,  appropria- 
tion, $50;  Mercantile  Library  Association,  one  year's  rent  of 
shelves  in  Athenseum,  Oct.  12,  1849,  due  Sept.  19,  $50;  same, 
Nov.  20,  1850,  due  Sept.  19,  $50;  Library  Board,  Feb.  28, 
1851,  appropriation,  $15;  do,  May  6,  1851,  licenses,  1847,  1848 
and  1849,  by  order,  $80;  for  book-cases  at  Athenaeum,  Nov.  8, 
1851,  $48;  Jas.  Green,  "for  preparing  catalogue  of  library," 
Jan.  26,  1852,  $50;  Library  Board,  March  6,  1852,  appropria- 
tion, $170;  printing  500  catalogues,  March  23,  1852,  $86;  Li- 
brary Board,  Aug,  2,  1852,  appropriation,  $100;  Mercantile 
Library,  for  rent  of  shelves  (two  years),  Nov.  12,  1852,  $115.60; 
Library  Board,  April  11,  1853,  appropriation,  $100;  Library 
Board,  May  31,  1853,  appropriation,  $125 ;  Mercantile  Library 
Association,  rent  of  shelves,  Jan,  10,  1854,  $100;  Library 
Board,  May  31,  1854,  appropriation,  $50;  Mercantile  Library 
Association,  rent  ol  shelves,  Nov.  2,  1854,  $100;  Library 
Board,  Jan.  10,  1855,  appropriation,  $100;  Mercantile  Library 
Association,  rent  of  shelves,  Dec.  4,  1855,  $100;   do,.  May  12, 

736 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1857,  $100;    do.,  Aug.,  1857,  $100;    Library  Board,  June  5, 

1858,  appropriation  (membership  fees),  $20. 

Licenses  Granted. — The  following  table,  compiled  from 
the  old  Treasurer's  book  above  mentioned,  shows  the  number 
of  licenses  granted  each  year  up  to  1859:  1799-1800,  eight; 
1800-1801,  eleven;  1802-1809,  reports  wanting;  1809-1810, 
twenty-two;  1810-1811,  twelve;  1811-1812,  fourteen;  1812- 
1813,  twenty-five;  1813-1814,  eight;  1814-1815,  fourteen; 
1815-1816,  eight;  1816-1817,  thirty-nine;  1817-1818,  twenty- 
four;  1818-1819,  sixteen;  1819-1820,  seventeen;  1820-1821, 
seventeen;  1821-1822,  twenty-six;  1822-1823,  twenty-three; 
1823-1824,  thirty-one;  1824-1825,  thirteen;  1825-1826,  thirty- 
six;  1 826- 1 827,  thirty-one;  1827- 1828,  forty-two;  1828- 1829, 
thirty-five;  1829-1830,  twenty-six;  1830-1831,  thirty-four; 
1831-1832,  thirty-two;  1832-1833,  twenty-two;  1833-1834, 
twenty-five;  1834-1835,  nine;  1835-1836,  fifteen;  1836-1837, 
twelve;  1837-1838,  seven;  1838-1839,  ten;  1839-1840,  eight; 
1840-1841,  none;  1841-1842,  three;  1842-1843,  none;  1843- 
1844,  none;  1844- 1845,  one;  1845- 1846,  four;  1846- 1847,  ten; 
1847-1848,  six;  1848-1849,  five;  1849-1850,  two;  1850-1851, 
three;  1851-1852,  three;  1852-1853,  thirty-six;  1853-1854, 
seventeen;  1854-1855,  thirteen;  1855-1856,  eleven;  1856-1857, 
twelve  (  ?)  ;   1857-1858,  sixteen  (  ?)  ;  1858-1859,  one. 


737 


MEMOIRS. 


UPTON  SCOTT,  M.D.,  OF  ANNAPOLIS. 

HIS  LIFE  AND  LETTERS. 

Somewhat  over  a  hundred  years  ago  there  assembled  in  the 
historic  senate  chamber  at  AnnapoUs  a  body  of  men  who  were 
about  to  make  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  Maryland.  Im- 
portant as  it  was,  but  little  record  has  been  left  of  that  meet- 
ing, the  first  permanent  organization  of  the  medical  profession 
of  the  State;  but  we  may  picture  to  ourselves  the  doctors 
gathering  from  all  quarters  to  the  capital,  some  by  stage,  some 
by  boat,  some  by  carriage,  and  some  on  horseback.  There  are 
Henry  Stevenson,  the  prince  of  inoculators,  and  courtly  Ash- 
ton  Alexander,  of  Baltimore;  the  revered  Philip  Thomas,  and 
John  Tyler,  the  celebrated  coucher  of  cataracts,  of  Frederick; 
John  Archer,  the  patriarch  of  medical  graduates,  of  Harford, 
and  Charles  Worthington,  "the  court  physician,"  of  George- 
town; the  Gustavus  Browns,  the  Edinburgh  graduates,  from 
the  southern  counties,  and  Charles  Alexander  Warfield,  of 
Anne  Arundel,  the  impetuous  leader  in  the  "Peggy  Stewart" 
burning,  and  many  others  from  the  Western  Shore.  Then, 
there  was  the  Eastern  Shore  contingent — the  gentle  Tristram 
Thomas,  with  his  tall,  spare  figure,  and  brusque  Ennalls  Mar- 
tin, the  "Abernethy"  of  Talbot;  James  Moat  Anderson,  in  his 
sober  Methodist  garb,  and  with  his  limp ;  James  Davidson,  the 
Aberdonian ;  Edward  Worrell,  the  teacher,  and  Robert  Golds- 
borough  of  "Four  Square,"  and  their  colleagues. 

738 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

And  when  this  remarkable  assemblage  of  distinguished  men 
was  met,  I  can  well  imagine  that  all  eyes  were  turned  towards 
a  venerable  figure,  a  recognized  leader  even  among  these 
leaders  of  men,  as  the  one  most  suited  by  character,  ability  and 
experience  to  fill  the  presidential  chair.  And  although  he  en- 
deavors to  make  excuses,  pleading  his  advanced  age  and  its 
infirmities  as  disqualifications,  his  preeminent  fitness  for  the 
place  is  recognized  by  all,  and  he  is  unanimously  el'^cted  to  the 
office,  the  highest  honor  to  which  a  Maryland  physician  has 
been  able  to  aspire  within  the  borders  of  the  State  from  that 
day  to  the  present  time.  And  thus,  on  the  third  of  June,  1799, 
under  such  distinguished  auspices,  our  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty  was  launched  on  its  voyage  of  usefulness,  in  which, 
after  more  than  a  century,  it  continues  with  ever-increasing 
zeal,  influence  and  success. 

Upton  Scott,  of  Annapolis,  to  whom  allusion  has  been  made, 
was  the  son  of  Mr.  Francis  Scott  of  Templepatrick,  near  An- 
trim, Ireland,  where  he  was  born  in  the  year  1722.  After 
obtaining  a  literary  training,  probably  at  the  University  of 
Dublin,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  some  physician, 
as  I  conjecture,  of  his  native  county.  It  may  have  been  "the 
honest  doctor,"  to  whom  he  alludes  in  one  of  his  letters. 

His  first  letter  is  dated  March,  1747,  and  is  from  Scotland. 
It  informs  us  that  he  has  purchased  for  £60  a  Surgeon  Mate's 
position  in  one  of  the  oldest  regiments  of  the  British  service, 
that  of  Lord  George  Sackville.  On  the  last  day  of  March 
he  reaches  Barrowstoneness,  where  a  detachment  of  five  com- 
panies of  his  regiment  is  stationed,  and  enters  upon  his  duties. 
While  much  pushed  for  money  and  "cloathes"  to  make  a  gen- 
teel appearance,  he  is  well  pleased  with  his  surgeon,  whom  he 
finds  a  "discreet  man,  and  one  well  acquainted  in  his  business," 

739 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  with  his  fellow-officers,  most  of  whom  were  Irishmen  like 
himself. 

During  the  spring-  he  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Flanders, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  campaign,  which  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  productive  of  any  engagement  of  moment,  his  regiment 
went  into  winter  quarters  at  Breda.  The  season,  as  we  learn 
from  Sir  John  Pringle  ("Observations  on  the  Diseases  of  the 
Army  in  Camp  and  Garrison,"  London,  1752),  was  exceedingly 
unhealthy,  malarial  fever  being  so  prevalent  that  some  of  the 
English  battalions  could  muster  only  one-seventh  of  their  men. 
The  regiment  returned  shortly  after  to  England,  as  his  next 
letter  is  dated  Folkstone,  January  20,  174%.  He  had  at  this 
time  under  care  a  variety  of  cases  of  venereal  disease,  agues, 
fluxes  and  fevers. 

In  his  relations  to  his  fellow-officers  he  seems  to  have  dis- 
played great  tact,  seeking  in  every  way  to  please  and  give  satis- 
faction. His  small  pay  gave  him  much  annoyance,  and  he  was 
continually  pinched  for  means  to  make  a  respectable  showing. 
He  laid  great  stress  upon  the  proprieties  of  speech,  deport- 
ment and  dress.  There  is  an  interesting  reference  to  the  home 
doctor:  'T  am  rejoic'd  to  hear  y*  the  honest  Dr.  is  still 
Labouring  for  the  good  of  his  fellow  creatures.  Our  Family 
and  I  believe  the  whole  world  owe  him  more  obligations  y" 
ever  they  can  have  an  Opportunity  of  repaying  him." 

In  February,  1749,  his  regiment  arrived  at  Glasgow,  and  he 
was  able  to  attend  the  lectures  of  Professors  Hamilton  and 
Cullen  for  the  short  remnant  of  the  season.  For  some  years 
his  regiment  was  now  stationed  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, 
engaged  in  constructing  roads,  in  patrolling  the  hills,  guarding 
against  thieves  and  marauders,  and  preventing  the  carrying  of 
arms  and  wearing  of  the  Highland  dress.     At  one  time  he  has 

740 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"bought  a  litle  Horse  about  three  guineas  price,"  for  which  he 
is  to  receive  "a  shilling  p  Day  to  Draw  Gravel,  besides  six 
pence  for  forage."  At  another  time  he  is  encamped  on  the 
banks  of  the  Dee,  forty  miles  from  Aberdeen,  the  nearest  town, 
surrounded  by  hills  of  which  one  could  have  no  conception, 
being  covered  with  snow  even  in  the  mildest  seasons.  How- 
ever, he  was  happy,  with  good  accommodations  and  plenty  of 
everything.  Thus  occupied  during  the  summer  months,  the 
regiment  was  withdrawn  each  winter  to  the  lowlands,  so  that 
he  had  an  opportunity,  which  he  was  quick  to  seize,  to  con- 
tinue his  medical  studies  at  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  with  the 
design  of  taking  a  degree. 

April  4,  1753,  he  writes  from  the  latter  city  that  he  is  about 
to  stand  his  final  examinations.  He  has  an  engagement  with 
Mr.  Horatio  Sharpe,  the  new  Governor  of  Maryland,  to  accom- 
pany him  over  to  the  New  World,  and  is  trying  to  dispose  of 
his  commission.  He  hopes  before  sailing,  however,  to  obtain 
from  Colonel  Wolfe  permission  to  visit  his  father  for  a  short 
time  "y^  I  may  see  you  once  more  before  I  set  out,  as  God 
knows  if  ever  it  may  be  in  my  Power  to  pay  you  another 
Visit."  Dr.  Scott's  diploma  is  dated  April  10,  1753,  so  that 
he  was  evidently  successful  in  these  examinations.  On  Au- 
gust 22  of  the  same  year  he  informs  his  father  that  he  has 
disposed  of  his  commission,  and  expects  to  be  freed  from  duty, 
and  ready  to  sail  in  a  few  days.  He  asks  his  father  to  send 
him  a  good  lad  to  take  to  America  as  a  servant  and  hostler. 
He  reached  Annapolis  during  the  same  summer,  and  from 
this  time  on  his  professional  and  business  success  were  assured. 
Favored  by  the  patronage  of  the  Governor,  he  became  the 
court  physician  of  the  capital,  and  had  a  large  practice,  being 
called  in  consultation  far  into  the  surrounding  country.     He 

741 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

also  held  several  important  lucrative  offices,  being  appointed 
Sheriff  of  Anne  Arundel  County  in  1759;  Secretary  of  the 
Governor's  Council,  1763 ;  Secretary  of  the  Upper  House  of 
Assembly,  1768,  and  Secretary  of  Governor  Eden,  the  last  of 
the  colonial  governors  of  Maryland,  1770.* 

Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  married  Elizabeth  Ross,  an 
heiress  with  a  large  estate  in  the  neighboring  county  of  Fred- 
erick, now  Carroll. 

In  the  midst  of  so  much  prosperity  he  did  not  forget  his 
friends  in  Ireland.  A  letter  dated  October  16,  1770,  evinces 
his  affection  and  gratitude  to  his  father  for  all  the  latter  had 
done  for  him  by  enclosing  a  bill  for  £60 — "my  Intention  being 
in  the  first  place  to  assist  you  in  procuring  such  conveniencys 
in  Life  as  you  may  want  and  from  your  increasing  Years  may 
not  be  so  able  to  procure  as  formerly,  after  this  I  shou'd  be 
Glad  you  wou'd  assist  my  Brother  in  the  Education  of  his 
Boys.  I  have  already  remitted  him  Handsomely  for  this  Pur- 
pose. I  beg  you  will  let  my  sister  Peggy  have  Ten  Guineas. 
Altho  I  am  very  easy  in  my  circumstances  these  efforts  are  not 
made  without  Difficulty,  but  as  I  apprehend  them  necessary  to 


*  Maryland  Palatinate. — "The  personage  next  in  importance  to  the 
Governor  was  the  Secretary,  who  as  receiver  and  disburser  of  revenues 
resembled  the  Receiver-General  of  Durham,  but  to  these  functions  he 
added  those  of  Recorder  and  Judge  of  Probate,  and  sometimes  also  those 
of  Attorney-General."  *  *  *  "In  each  county  there  was  a  Sheriff, 
who,  in  addition  to  such  functions  as  we  are  familiar  with,  collected  all 
taxes,  held  all  elections  and  made  the  returns."  *  *  *  The  above 
"were  paid  by  fees,  the  amount  of  which  was  determined  by  the  Assem- 
bly, which  thus  exercised  some  control  over  them."  *  *  *  "The 
provincial  court  dealt  with  common  law  chancery  or  admiralty." 
*  *  *  "The  Judges  were  all  members  of  the  council,  to  which  the 
Secretary  and  other  chief  executive  officers  belonged."  The  Governor 
presided  over  the  provincial  court  and  council.  The  council  sat  as  the 
Upper  House  of  Assembly. — "Old  Virginia  and  Her  Neighbors,"  by 
John  Fiske.     1897.     Vol.  i. 

742 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Happiness  of  so  near  relatives  I  make  them  Cheerfully  in 
hopes  that  the  best  use  has  and  will  be  made  of  them." 

This  is  his  last  letter  to  his. revered  parent,  who  must  have 
died  not  long  after  this.     Nevertheless,  he  continues  his  bene- 
factions to  his  relatives  from  time  to  time,  and  having  no  chil- 
dren of  his  own,  he  provided  liberally  for  the  education  of  his 
nephews,  particularly  of  John  Birnie,  whom  he  supported  for 
three  years  as  a  medical  student  at  London  and  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh.     An  interesting  allusion  to  Baltimore  is 
contained  in  a  letter  to  this  young  gentleman  of  date  November 
^Q   j^73.     -I  have  entertained  some  thoughts  that  you  might 
possibly  make  a  tolerably  decent  Livelihood  in  Baltimore  Town, 
a  Place  distant  from  hence  about  thirty  miles,  which  is  increas- 
ing very  fast  in  the  Number  of  Inhabitants  and  in  its  Trade, 
particularly  with  Ireland.     Now  as  many  People  from  Belfast 
and  the  North  of  Ireland  have  settled  there,  I  apprehend  you 
might  be  introduced  on  a  respectable  Footing  there,  by  gettmg 
Letters  from  some  of  the  Merchants  in  Belfast  who  correspond 
thither,  and  from  Dr.  Holliday  or  Dr.  Tier  my  old  Friends, 
most  of  whom  were  well  acquainted  with  your  Family;  the 
Difficulties  however  in  succeeding  will  be  considerable,  besides 
those  already  mentioned,  there  being  several  of  the  Profession 
already  settled  there,  who  are  in  Possession  of  the  Business, 
altho  none  of  such  Eminence  as  to  be  formidable  Rivals  to  a 
man  of  real  knowledge,   accompanied  with  Application   and 

Discretion." 

During  the  American  Revolution  he  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  mother  country,  and  became  a  voluntary  exile.  Some  of 
his  letters  written  during  this  period  from  Belfast  and  London 
are  extant  He  is  still  assisting  his  family,  educating  and  get- 
ting positions  for  his  nephews,  and  in  one  of  his  letters  dated 

743 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

London,  January  31,  1780,  he  expresses  much  concern  at  the 
capture  of  one  of  them  by  the  Spanish. 

It  is  noticeable  that  in  Dr.  Scott's  letters  during  this  period 
of  exile,  although  he  was  conscientiously  opposed  to  the  action 
of  the  Colonies,  he  allows  no  unkind  or  hostile  allusions  re- 
garding them  to  escape  even  in  these  private  letters  to  his 
kinsfolk.  This  quiet  self-control  is  characteristic  of  the  man 
whose  character  strongly  reminds  us  of  that  of  Washington. 

On  his  return  to  Maryland  he  seems  to  have  recovered  his 
property,  and  to  have  possessed  the  esteem  of  the  community, 
as  though  no  differences  of  opinion  had  ever  existed.  Accord- 
ing to  the  late  Dr.  John  Ridout,  of  Annapolis,  who  knew  him 
personally  and  has  left  a  short  biographical  sketch  of  him,  he 
did  not  resume  the  practice  of  medicine,  but  "lived  in  elegant 
retirement  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a  good  citizen,  and 
in  the  enjoyment  of  the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  fellow- 
citizens." 

Some  years  after  his  first  arrival  he  had  erected  a  handsome 
brick  residence  on  an  eminence  in  the  southern  part  of  An- 
napolis, which  is  still  standing.  The  date  of  its  erection,  1760, 
is  still  to  be  seen  cut  on  the  fireplace.  It  was  constructed  after 
the  style  of  an  English  manor-house,  and  surrounded  by  a 
high  brick  wall  enclosing  three  acres  of  ground.  He  was  very 
fond  of  horticulture,  especially  the  culture  of  flowers,  and  took 
great  delight  in  superintending  the  greenhouse  and  beautiful 
garden  attached  to  his  mansion.  "Here,  in  the  exercise  of  a 
generous  hospitality  and  surrounded  by  attached  friends,  he 
passed  a  green  old  age,  and  died  universally  lamented  Febru- 
ary 23,  1814,  in  the  ninety-second  year  of  his  age."  His  tomb- 
stone is  still  to  be  seen,  and  Dr.  Walton  has  kindly  sent  me 
the  inscription  upon  it,  which  confirms  the  above  figures. 

744 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Scott  was  a  vestryman  of  St.  Anne's  parish,  and  a  pew- 
holder  in  the  church.  He  was  also  a  visitor  to  St.  John's 
College. 

Various  relics  of  him  are  preserved.  Here  are  his  letters, 
from  which  I  have  drawn  so  largely  in  the  preparation  of  this 
brief  sketch.  There  is  one  other  of  his  letters  in  the  possession 
of  the  Maryland  Historical  Society.  It  was  written  in  1809 
with  the  trembling  hand  of  agQ.  It  relates  to  the  famous 
Tuesday  Club  of  Annapolis,  founded  by  Dr.  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton in  1745,  of  which  he  was  a  member.  It  gives  an  interesting 
account  of  the  way  in  which  certain  wits  of  the  ancient  city 
sought  to  amuse  themselves  in  leisure  hours.  You  will  note 
the  neatness  and  care  with  which  his  letters  are  written,  and 
this  was  characteristic  of  all  he  did.  In  one  of  them  he  sharply 
chides  his  sister  and  her  son  for  a  badly-directed  letter  he  had 
received  from  them,  expressing  his  humiliation  in  being  con- 
nected with  such  a  public  exhibition  of  ignorance  or  careless- 
ness. In  another  he  complains  of  the  expense  of  postage  to 
which  she  had  put  him  by  forwarding  two  letters  in  separate 
enclosures  instead  of  copying  them  into  her  own.  Yet  this 
frugality  was,  as  we  have  seen,  not  incompatible  with  a  gener- 
ous and  liberal  spirit. 

Here  we  have  his  medicine  chest,  which  I  presume  is  the 
same  that  accompanied  him  in  his  campaigns  in  Scotland  and 
Flanders.  Here  is  his  diploma  from  the  University  of  Glas- 
gow. These  photographs  were  taken  from  a  miniature  painted 
on  ivory,  and  doubtless  dating  from  the  time  of  his  exile  at 
London  (say  at  about  the  age  of  fifty-eight).  The  miniature, 
a  pair  of  pistols  presented  to  him  by  Colonel  Wolfe,  the  hero 
of  Quebec,  and  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Cullen,  the  gift  of  that  great 
physician,  are  all  in  the  possession  of  the  Birnie  family  of  Car- 

745 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

roll  County.  Here  is  a  letter  to  him  from  Dr.  Cullen,  dated 
Edinburgh,  1773,  and  it  is  of  interest,  as  the  writer  speaks  of 
him  as  one  of  his  first  pupils. 

Not  only  was  Dr.  Scott  careful  and  systematic  in  his  meth- 
ods, but  his  letters  show  that  he  was  a  close  observer,  and  that 
he  took  a  deep  interest  in  medical  progress,  frequently  ordering 
new  books  through  his  agent  at  London,  and  making  inquiry 
of  his  nephew  as  to  improvements  in  medicine  in  the  Edin- 
burgh school.  These  qualities,  with  his  excellent  training,  his 
experience,  judgment  and  intelligence,  seem  to  have  fitted  him 
in  an  especial  manner  for  medical  research,  and  we  must  regard 
it  as  a  misfortune  that  he  has  left  no  records  of  such  work. 
He  was  deeply  attached  to  his  friends,  and  had  the  happy  fac- 
ulty of  retaining  their  good-will  and  avoiding  offense,  yet 
without  the  sacrifice  of  his  own  opinion  and  self-respect.  And 
last,  but  not  least,  he  was  a  man  of  the  highest  honor  and  in- 
tegrity, qualities  to  which,  doubtless,  he  owed  in  large  measure 
the  numerous  appointments  to  positions  of  profit  and  distinc- 
tion which  he  held. 

JOHN  ARCHER,  M.B. 

Of  the  Maryland  physicians  of  the  eighteenth  century,  none 
attained  greater  fame  and  eminence  than  the  medical  teacher, 
patriot  and  statesman  John  Archer,  a  native  of  Harford  County 
in  this  State.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Archer,  a  North-Irish- 
man, and  was  born  near  Churchville,  May  5;,  1741.  Of  the 
five  children  born  to  his  parents  he  alone  survived  the  perils 
of  infancy,  and  from  him  all  of  the  name  in  Maryland  who 
are  in  any  degree  whatever  related  to  the  family  are  descended. 
At  West  Nottingham  Academy  in  Cecil  County  began  a  life- 
long intimacy   with   his   fellow-student,    Benjamin   Rush.     In 

746 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

1760  he  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  from  Prince- 
ton College,  followed  by  that  of  Master  of  Arts  three  years 
later.  At  this  time  he  studied  for  the  Presbyterian  ministry, 
but  was  diverted  from  making  it  his  vocation  by  his  failure  "to 
give  entire  satisfaction  on  some  doctrinal  points." 

In  the  spring  of  1765  he  became  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Morgan  and 
the  following  November  entered  upon  the  first  course  of  in- 
struction in  the  College  of  Medicine  of  Philadelphia,  which 
later  became  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  under  Drs.  Mor- 
gan and  Shippen,  During  the  summer  of  1767,  between  the 
sessions  of  the  college,  he  began  practice  in  New  Castle  County, 
Del.,  and  his  ledgers  show  that  he  met  with  considerable  pe- 
cuniary success.  At  the  close  of  his  third  course  of  lectures  on 
the  twenty-first  of  June,  1768,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medi- 
cine, the  only  one  granted  during  the  early  years  of  the  college, 
was  conferred  on  him,  together  with  nine  other  candidates.  This 
being  the  first  occasion  of  the  conferring  of  a  degree  after 
attendance  in  America — an  honorary  degree  is  said  to  have 
been  bestowed  on  an  Englishman  by  Yale  College  in  1723 — 
there  was  naturally  some  contention  as  to  who  should  be  the 
first  recipient  of  the  coveted  honor.  But  Archer  insisted  upon 
his  superior  claims  as  preceding  the  others  in  alphabetical 
order,  and  so  he  was  the  first  to  graduate. 

After  a  year  spent  in  his  former  location  in  Delaware,  de- 
clining a  partnership  offered  by  his  preceptor,  he  settled  per- 
manently for  practice  in  his  native  county  in  July,  1769. 
When  the  troubles  with  the  British  approached  their  culmina- 
tion, he  entered  the  struggle  with  characteristic  energy,  being 
a  member  of  the  Revolutionary  Committees,  1774-76,  and  en- 
rolling the  first  company  of  militia  in  the  county.  In  1776 
he  was  commissioned  Major  of  one  of  the  local  battalions  and 

747 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

was  also  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion. From  1777  to  1790  he  was  a  Commissioner  of  Peace  and 
part  of  the  time  also  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court.  During 
all  this  time  he  was  engaged  in  laborious  practice,  his  field  of 
work  embracing  several  counties  of  Maryland  and  even  the 
adjoining  section  of  Pennsylvania. 

For  about  twenty-five  years  succeeding  the  Revolution,  Dr. 
Archer  was  perhaps  the  most  popular  medical  teacher  in  the 
State,  rarely  having  less  than  half  a  dozen  young  men  under 
his  instruction.  For  the  accommodation  of  these  he  built  on 
his  lawn  a  substantial  stone  building,  in  which  they  read  their 
medical  books,  and  held  the  meetings  of  their  Society.*  The 
older  students  were  allowed  to  accompany  him  on  his  profes*- 
sional  rounds  and  to  compound  the  medicines  ordered.  In 
time  they  had  exclusive  charge  of  the  less  obscure  and  compli- 
cated cases. 

In  1797  he  was  chosen  Presidential  Elector  on  the  Jefferson 
ticket.  In  1799  he  and  his  son.  Dr.  Thomas  Archer,  took  part 
as  Charter  Members  in  founding  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  and  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  first  Board  of  Exam- 
iners. 

In  1800  he  v/as  elected  to  Congress,  and  two  years  later  he 
was  reelected.  While  a  resident  of  Washington  City,  he  was 
called  in  consultation  to  many  difficult  cases  by  the  physicians 
of  the  capital,  and  is  said  to  have  made  the  observation,  "that 
in  the  early  stages  of  whooping-cough  vaccination  will  so 
modify  the  disease  that  its  course  is  rendered  comparatively 
harmless."  According  to  his  grandson  and  biographer,  "he 
also  contrived  and  used,  in  cases  of  fractured  femur,  the  appa- 


*For  the  records  of  this  Harford  Medical  Society,  see  the  Bulletin  of 
the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  August-September,  1902. 

748 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ratus  which  afterwards  became  famous  as  "Physick's  modifica- 
tion of  Desault's  apparatus." 

At  this  time  his  letters  begin  to  hint  of  approaching  senility 
and  of  the  necessity  of  his  investigating  what  would  best  agree 
with  him,  "who  once  knew  no  difference  in  any  kind  of  diet; 
who  could  eat  anything  without  fear,  that  was  suitable  for 
nutrition."  Nevertheless,  at  the  close  of  his  service  in  Con- 
gress in  1804  he  resumed  his  practice.  A  few  years  later  he 
had  a  severe  fall,  followed  by  rheumatic  symptoms  and  partial 
paralysis  and  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  all  active  employ- 
ment. Towards  the  end  asthma  set  in  and  he  died  suddenly, 
sitting  in  his  chair,  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  September,  1810. 
His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Presbyterian  graveyard  at 
Churchville,  and  a  marble-slab  marks  the  spot  where  they 
repose. 

Dr.  Archer  married  in  October,  1766,  Catherine,  the  daughter 
of  Thomas  Harris,  of  the  family  after  whom  Harrisburg  was 
named,  but  then  living  in  Maryland.  For  that  purpose  he 
came  on  to  his  native  county  from  Philadelphia,  where  he 
was  pursuing  his  medical  studies.  To  her  he  left  by  his  will, 
dated  September  23,  1808,  all  his  estate,  to  be  divided  equally 
among  his  children  on  her  death  or  marriage.  His  real  estate 
consisted  of  700  acres  in  one  body.  He  directed  that  his  ex- 
ecutors should  release  those  of  his  debtors  whom  they  should 
judge  unable  to  pay.  Thus  accounts  to  the  amount  of  several 
thousand  dollars  were  stricken  out.  His  male  slaves  were  to 
be  set  free  at  thirty  years  of  age  and  his  females  at  twenty- 
five. 

Dr.  Archer's  wife  bore  him  ten  children,  six  of  whom,  all 
sons,  survived  to  adult  life.  Five  selected  medicine  as  a  pro- 
fession, studying  with  him  at  "Medical  Hall."     The  youngest 

749 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  these,  George  Washington,  died  while  a  student.  The 
other  four,  Thomas,  Robert  Harris,  John  and  James,  completed 
their  studies  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  practiced 
their  profession.  James  removed  to  Mississippi,  where  he 
married  and  died  early,  leaving  no  descendants.  The  young- 
est son,  Stevenson,  studied  law  and  became  Chief  Justice  of 
Maryland,  Member  of  Congress,  and  in  1817,  by  President 
Madison's  appointment.  Judge  of  the  Mississippi  Territory 
with  gubernatorial  powers.  There  are  many  descendants  of 
Dr.  Archer  living  in  Maryland,  Virginia,  Pennsylvania,  Texas, 
Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Louisiana  and  even  in  remote  Wash- 
ington, Many  served  with  distinction  in  the  Southern  army 
during  the  Civil  War. 

The  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  is  in  possession, 
through  the  liberality  of  his  grandson,  Dr.  George  W.  Archer, 
of  Emmorton,  Harford  County,  of  several  relics  of  Dr.  Archer, 
as  his  academic  diplomas  from  Princeton,  his  medical  diploma 
from  the  Philadelphia  College,  his  pestle  and  mortar,  his  ledgers 
and  note-books,  and  an  oil  painting  made  at  Baltimore  by  a 
Mr.  Harrison  in  1802  for  Dr.  Thomas  Archer.  The  last  is  said 
to  be  a  very  fine  Hkeness.  It  is  from  it  that  the  portrait  in 
this  volume  was  copied. 

Dr.  Archer  is  represented  as  having  been  considerably  above 
the  medium  height,  with  great  bodily  strength  and  a  large 
share  of  moral  and  physical  courage.  His  mind  was  of  the 
combative  order,  and  although  a  throat  affection  had  con- 
verted his  voice  into  a  gruff  whisper,  he  did  not  refrain  from 
personal  controversy.  With  a  vigorous  intellect  and  a  good 
mental  training,  he  entered  with  zeal  into  the  excited  political 
arena  of  the  day.  Though  an  earnest  party  man,  he  never 
surrendered  his  independence  or  his  convictions  of  duty.     In 

750 


CHRISTOPHER  JOHNSTON 
1822-1891. 


MOJDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

a  word  he  was  one  of  those  bold,  straightforward,  self-reHant 
natures  who  exercise  among  their  fellow-men  great  influence 
by  reason  of  their  innate  force  of  character  and  incorruptible 
integrity. 

Dr.  Archer  left  but  few  contributions  to  medical  literature ; 
this  resulted  partly  from  his  aversion  to  writing  and  partly 
from  his  indifference  to  reputation.  His  fame  as  a  physician 
must  therefore  rest  mainly  on  "a.  few  desultory  pages  hastily 
thrown  off  amid  the  distracting  hubbub  of  war  and  politics." 
His  contributions  appeared  chiefly  in  the  New  York  Medical 
Repository.  In  one  of  these  he  describes  a  case  in  his  practice 
of  a  white  woman  who  gave  birth  to  twins,  one  white,  the  other 
black.  She  was  the  wife  of  a  toll-gate  keeper  and  confessed 
that  after  her  husband  had  left  her  bed  early  in  the  morning, 
a  negro  had  entered  her  room  and  cohabited  with  her.  In 
another,  he  tells  of  a  man  whose  stomach  was  cut  open  by  a 
cobbler,  the  corn-bread  and  cabbage  rolling  out  upon  the  floor. 
While  waiting  for  Dr.  Archer,  the  cobbler  sewed  up  the  wound 
himself  with  a  wax-end.  The  Doctor  let  it  remain  and  the  pa- 
tient recovered.  About  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century  he 
recommended  seneka  root  as  a  valuable  remedy  in  the  treat- 
ment of  croup  and  it  was  adopted  by  the  physicians  through- 
out the  country  with  great  success,  and  great  increase  of  the 
proposer's  reputation.  He  expedited  the  cure  "by  dipping  a 
cloth  in  a  hot  decoction  of  the  seneka,  to  be  held  frequently 
near  the  patient's  mouth  and  nose,  that  the  vapor  may  be  inhaled 
and  come  in  contact  with  the  membrana  trachealis."  He  found 
by  experience,  and  was  the  first  to  teach,  that  the  proper  time 
to  repeat  the  Peruvian  bark  to  prevent  the  return  of  the  fever 
is  the  seventh  or  eighth  day.  He  was  much  addicted  to  the  use 
of  alkalis  (absorbents)  on  the  ground  that  disease  is  often  due 

<8  751 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

to  acrid  secretions  in  the  primcB  vies  which  may  be  neutral- 
ized by  these  agents.  Especially  in  yellow  fever  did  he  insist 
on  their  value  to  counteract  the  septon  which  gained  entrance 
with  the  saliva,  water  and  food  and  fermented  in  the  stomach. 
The  reaction  of  this  septon  he  had  found  to  be  acid,  and  there- 
fore he  gave  very  large  doses  of  alkalis  with  laxatives  and 
laxative  injections  until  the  stools  ceased  to  be  fetid  when  he 
administered  bark.  Dr.  George  W.  Archer  points  out  how 
closely  this  treatment,  recommended  more  than  a  hundred  years 
ago,  corresponds  with  that  so  strongly  advised  by  Sternberg 
and  others  on  the  same  grounds  at  the  present  day. 

Those  desiring  further  information  regarding  the  life  and 
character  of  this  great  Maryland  physician  are  referred  to  the 
very  interesting  and  authoritative  biographical  sketch  by  Dr. 
George  W.  Archer,  of  Emmorton,  published  in  the  Bulletin 
of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  for  August- September,  1899, 
which  contains  a  number  of  characteristic  anecdotes  of  Dr. 
Archer  and  copious  extracts  from  his  letters. 

ENNALLS  MARTIN,  M.D. 

Ennalls  Martin,  M'.D.,  the  son  of  Thomas  Martin  (4th),  and 
Mary  Ennalls,  his  wife,  was  born  at  "Hampden,"  his  ancestral 
(home,  in  Talbot  County,  Md.,  August  23,  1758.  At  a  very 
early  age  he  was  sent  to  Newark  Academy,  Delaware,  where 
he  distinguished  himself  as  a  Latin  and  Greek  scholar.  His 
two  classmates  during  this  period  were  General  Stratton,  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  settled  on  the  Juniata,  and  Robert  Smith, 
of  Baltimore,  who  became  Secretary  of  the  Navy  during  Jef- 
ferson's administration.  After  finishing  the  usual  course  at 
the  Newark  school  his  father  took  him  to  Philadelphia  and 
placed  him,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  in  the  care  of  Dr.  William 

752 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Shippen,  the  celebrated  anatomist,  then  Surgeon-General  of  the 
Continental  Army.     By  the  latter  Martin  was  assigned  to  duty 
in   the   apothecary   department,   which   was   partly   under   his 
direction.     As  the  army  at  that  time  was  greatly  in  need  of 
surgeons,  particularly  for  the  hospitals,  and  as  young  Martin 
proved  himself  an  apt  scholar,  he  received  a  commission  from 
Congress  as  Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate,  with  the  understanding 
that  he  was  to  attend  the  medical  school  at  Philadelphia,  con- 
ducted by  Professors  Shippen,  Rush  and  Kuhn.     He  was  sta- 
tioned at  once  at  Bethlehem  Hospital,  which  was  large  and 
commodious  and  as  well  adapted  for  the  purpose  as  any  build- 
ing then  available.     Here  he  remained  for  five  years,  attend- 
ing each  winter  during  that  time  the  course  in  the  medical 
school  and   receiving  the   degree   of   M.B.   in    1782.     Mean- 
while he  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  by  Shippen. 
He  applied  himself  with  great  zeal  to  his  anatomical  work 
and   soon   became    a   skillful   dissector,   and    sometimes    even 
took  Shippen's  place  when  the  latter  was  called  away  by  other 
duties.     He  used  to  say,  however,  that  he  had  the  greatest 
difficulty  in  obtaining  subjects.     Stationed  at  Bethlehem  with 
Dr.  Martin,  also  as  Surgeon's  Mate,  was  Dr.  William  Currie, 
who  wrote  a  great  deal  upon  yellow  fever  and  other  diseases 
prevailing  at  Philadelphia  and  vicinity.     The  two  thus  con- 
tracted a  firm  friendship  which  lasted  as  long  as  they  lived. 
During  his  five  years'  service  Dr.  Martin  never  left  his  station 
but  twice— once   to  visit   his   father,   who  was   an   extensive 
farmer,  tobacco  planter  and  tanner,  and  again  to  go  on  to 
Saratoga  to  bring  on  the  sick  and  wounded  after  Burgoyne's 
defeat.     Dr.  Martin  used  often  to  say  that  his  stay  at  Bethle- 
hem Hospital  was  one  of  the  most  agreeable  episodes  of  his 
life.     He  also  added  that  he  fared  well   while  there,  having 

753 


MEDICAL,  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

good  facilities  for  procuring  game.  Having  obtained  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  from  his  alma  mater,  in  the 
year  1782  he  returned  to  his  native  State  to  settle  in  practice 
at  Talbot  Court  House,  afterwards  called  Easton.  He  was 
there  thrown  among  a  large  circle  of  relations  and  acquaint- 
ances, and  soon  became  the  leading  physician  of  the  place, 
although  there  were  two  other  physicians  who  had  been  en- 
gaged in  practice  there  for  years.  His  field  was  not  confined 
to  Talbot  County,  but  soon  extended  to  the  surrounding  coun- 
ties— Queen  Anne's,  Caroline  and  Dorchester — and  he  was 
often  called  to  these  in  consultation.  His  relations  with  the 
physicians  in  all  this  section  were  always  pleasant  and  agree- 
able. 

When  Dr.  Martin  graduated  at  the  Philadelphia  College 
with  the  degree  of  M.B.,  it  was  his  intention  to  return  the 
following  year  and  take  the  M.D  degree.  But  the  attractions 
of  practice  proved  too  strong,  and  he  did  not  go  back.  In 
1 818  the  University  of  Maryland  conferred  upon  him  t5ie  hon- 
orary degree  of  M.D. 

When  he  was  about  to  leave  Philadelphia  Dr.  Shippen  did 
everything  to  induce  him  to  remain,  and  even  offered  to  make 
him  Adjunct  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  give  him  an  interest 
in  his  practice.  But  Dr.  Martin  was  certain  that  he  could  get 
a  much  better  practice  in  Talbot  County,  and  affairs  were  very 
gloomy  at  Philadelphia  jus^t  after  the  Revolution. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  at  Easton,  Dr.  Martin  engaged  in  the 
political  strife  of  the  day  and  drew  around  him  many  friends 
of  his  party.  He  also  made  many  bitter  enemies  in  the  oppo- 
site party,  and  it  was  not  long  before  his  practice  began  to 
suffer  in  consequence.  He  was  a  constant  contributor  to  the 
little  party  paper  which  was  published  in  tihe  town  and  was 

754 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  cause  of  much  strife  and  ill-feehng  on  both  sides.  Had  it 
been  known  that  he  was  the  author  of  the  papers,  entitled  "The 
Grand  Caucus  Man"— a  comic  farce— his  life  would  have  been 

in  much  danger. 

Notwithstanding  this  diversion  he  applied  himself  with  great 
enthusiasm  and  assiduity  to  his  professional  duties,  and  being 
six  feet  high  and  a  man  of  great  bodily  strength,  he  was  able 
to  bear  a  great  amount  of  fatigue.  While  naturally  fond  of 
study  and  retirement,  he  was  a  good  companion.  He  was  well 
read  in  medicine  and  delighted  to  converse  on  medical  topics, 
especially  surgery,  in  \^^hich  he  chiefly  delighted.  He  kept  up 
a  large  correspondence  with  the  most  eminent  men  of  the 
American  profession— Rush,  Hosack,  Mitchell,  Miller,  etc.— 
and  was  an  occasional  contributor  to  the  Medical  Repository, 
the  only  medical  periodical  at  that  time  published  in  the 
country.     His  fame  was  not  confined  to  his  native  State. 

He  was  unquestionably  a  skillful  and  able  practitioner,  tena- 
cious of  his  opinions  when  once  his  mind  was  made  up,  yet 
ever  ready  to  yield  when  convinced  of  error.  Although  a 
zealous  follower  of  Rush  in  the  heroic  and  drastic  methods 
practiced  by  this  "Father  of  American  Medicine,"  the  epidemic 
of  1813-14  altered  greatly  his  estimate  of  the  lancet.  He  con- 
tinued to  advocate  it,  however,  although  insisting  upon  its 
judicious  and  moderate  employment.  The  following  instance 
is  related  as  showing  his  inflexiblity  of  purpose:  "He  re- 
ceived a  very  pressing  invitation  to  see  F.  in  consultation  on 
Mrs.  F.  in  the  adjoining  county  of  Queen  Anne.  The  pa- 
tient, who  was  suffering  with  pneumonia,  was  being  treated  by 
Dr.  T.  of  Queenstown  with  warm  toddy,  etc.  As  soon  as  Dr. 
Martin  had  thoroughly  examined  her  he  proposed  the  use  of 
the  lancet.     The  attending  physician  at  once  objected,  and  with 

755 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

great  warmth  said,  'Sir,  I  am  treating-  the  case  according-  to 
your  published  opinion.'  In  vain  Dr.  Martin  tried  to  convince 
him  by  argument  that  this  case  differed  from  the  epidemic  of 
1813-14  to  which  the  other  had  referred.  Both  became  ex- 
cited, and  the  result  was  that  the  poor  woman  was  left  to  her 
toddy  and  soon  died.  Dr.  Martin  often  spoke  of  the  case  and 
never  without  deep  regret." 

When  his  patients  were  ill  he  was  always  in  great  distress. 
When  he  had  decided  what  they  should  take,  it  was  useless  for 
them  to  object.  He  has  been  known  repeatedly  to  take  a 
recalcitrant  patient  by  the  nose  and  force  the  medicine  down 
his  throat,  and  this  not  only  in  the  case  of  children,  but  adults. 
His  bluntness  and  brusqueness  caused  his  patients  to  fear  him 
and  gained  for  him  among  his  colleagues  the  soubriquet  of 
"Abernethy  of  Talbot."  He  was  the  first  to  introduce  vacci- 
nation into  Talbot,  and  by  his  strong  force  of  will  to  overcome 
the  prejudice  against  it. 

He  was  devotedly  fond  of  agriculture,  and  gave  a  consider- 
able part  of  his  time  to  the  scientific  cultivation  of  his  lands. 
But  he  was  too  much  given  to  theory  to  make  his  farming 
profitable.  He  wrote  a  good  deal  in  the  Easton  Gazette  on 
the  subject,  which  has  since  been  carried  out,  with  much  profit, 
and  the  county  is  now  one  of  the  richest  and  most  highly  culti- 
vated in  the  State ;  indeed,  for  water  prospects  and  the  raising 
of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  wild  fowl  it  is  not  excelled  by  any  in 
the  country.  Had  Dr.  Mlartin  not  been  surrounded  by  a  large 
circle  of  relatives  and  acquaintances,  who  freely  partook  of  his 
hospitality,  and  had  he  kept  out  of  politics  and  refused  to  make 
himself  responsible  for  the  debts  of  others,  he  would  doubtless 
have  amassed  a  large  fortune. 

From  early  life  Dr.  Martin  was  brought  up  in  the  doctrines 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  soon  after  settling 

756 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

at  Easton  he  connected  himself  with  the  church  there,  and  was 
a  faithful  and  zealous  member  of  it  throughout  his  life.  On 
the  death  of  a  favorite  son,  not  wishing  the  remains  to  be 
placed  in  a  private  burial  ground  that  might  fall  into  other 
hands,  he  gave  to  the  vestry  of  Christ  Church  at  Easton  the 
lot  of  ground  in  which  his  son  was  interred. 

His  death  took  place  at  Easton  on  the  sixteenth  of  December, 
1834,  at  the  age  of  seventy-six,  after  an  active  professional 
life  of  over  fifty-two  years.  He  left  a  large  family.  His  re- 
mains were  interred  in  the  beautiful  cemetery  of  the  town  and 
a  monument  of  marble  was  erected  over  them  by  his  loving 
grandson,  the  late  Robert  Kirkwood  Martin,  a  distinguished 
civil  engineer  of  Baltimore.  His  wife,  Sarah  Haywood  Mar- 
tin, died  on  June  3,  1835,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight. 

Dr.  Martin  was  the  biennial  orator  of  the  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Faculty  in  1807,  when,  by  appointment,  he  delivered 
an  oration  on  "Fever."  In  1815,  upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Philip 
Thomas  of  Frederick,  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Faculty 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1820,  when  he  declined 
further  election,  maintaining  that  the  officers  should  all  be 
from  Baltimore.  He  resided  at  Baltimore  for  some  years  and 
the  American  Medical  Recorder^  vol.  ii,  1819,  speaks  of  his 
being  a  resident  here  then  and  about  to  publish  a  work  on 
malarial  fevers.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work,  entitled  "An 
Essay  on  the  Epidemics  in  the  Winters  of  1813  and  1814  in 
Talbot  and  Queen  Anne's  County,  Maryland,"  Baltimore, 
181 5.  This  essay  was  read  before  the  annual  convention  of 
1815.  Just  before  his  death  he  commenced  a  work  on  the 
diseases  of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  but  was  unable  to 
complete  it.  In  1808  he  urged  the  establishment  of  an  In- 
firmary at  Easton  for  the  Eastern  Shore. 

757 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

JOHN  CRAWFORD,  M.D. 

Although  now  almost  forgotten  by  the  profession  of  this 
city  and  State,  there  is  no  name  in  all  its  annals  more  honor- 
able or  worthy  of  perpetuation  than  that  of  Dr.  John  Crawford, 
of  Baltimore.  His  life,  character  and  writings  afford  abund- 
ant material  for  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  deepest  interest. 
He  was  the  second  son  of  a  clergyman  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
where  he  was  born,  of  a  highly  respectable  family.  May  3, 
1746.  His  father  was  a  scholar,  a  man  of  talent  and  piety, 
who  raised  his  children  in  the  love  and  fear  of  God.  The 
seeds  thus  sown  brought  forth  a  rich  harvest  of  virtues  in 
the  son,  the  subject  of  this  memoir.  His  brother,  Adair, 
achieved  eminence  in  England  and  is  spoken  of  as  "one  of  the 
most  brilliant  ornaments  of  medicine  and  philosophy"  in  that 
country.*  John  was  reared  among  his  family  until  the  age  of 
seventeen,  when  he  was  sent  to  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  to  pur- 
sue classical  studies.  Thence  he  went  to  the  University  of  Ley- 
den,  which  was  then  in  high  repute,  and  there  he  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  He  then  made  two  voyages 
to  the  East  Indies  as  Surgeon  in  the  East  India  Company's 
service,  receiving  on  his  return  the  thanks  of  the  company  and 
a  considerable  sum  of  money  for  his  zeal  and  fidelity.  During 
these  voyages  he  kept  a  diary,  from  which,  it  is  said,  very  inter- 


*I  find  the  following  notice  of  Dr.  Adair  Crawford,  in  the  "Cyclo- 
paedia of  Biography,"  by  Parke  Godwin,  New  York,  1880:  "Phys- 
ician and  Naturalist.  Physician  to  St.  Thomas'  Hospital  and  Professor 
of  Chemistry  at  Woolwich.  Author  of  several  chemical  works." 
In  his  lecture  on  "The  Cause,  Seat  and  Cure  of  Disease,"  Dr. 
John  Crawford  refers  to  his  brother  as  "  my  revered  brother  *  *  * 
who  was  the  first  to  ascertain  by  actual  experiment  that  animal  heat 
was  derived  from  the  air  in  respiration,  and  thus  brought  to  a  con- 
clusion the  conflicting  opinions  on  that  intricate  subject."  See  also 
Professor  Foster's  "Lectures  on  the  History  of  Physiology." 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

esting  extracts  were  published  in  the  Edinburgh  Annals  of 

Medicine  (Q.)- 

About  the  year  1778  he  was  married,  and  shortly  after 
(1779)  received  the  appointment  of  Surgeon  and  Agent  to 
the  Naval  Hospital  on  the  Island  of  Barbadoes.  This  was  a 
position  of  great  honor,  and  it  might  also,  in  other  hands, 
have  proven  an  avenue  to  great  wealth,  for  Dr.  Crawford  had 
under  his  control  large  contracts  for  supplying  the  British 
fleets  on  the  West  India  station.  But  with  that  magnanimity 
and  self-neglect  which  so  often  characterize  men  of  lofty 
character  and  purpose,  he  cared  but  little  for  wealth  and  allowed 
opportunities  for  acquiring  fortune  to  go,  without  even  a  share 
of  their  profits,  to  others.  In  the  year  1780  the  island  was 
devastated  by  a  terrible  hurricane,  and  this  afforded  occasion 
for  the  exhibition  of  his  generous  and  humane  disposition. 
Amidst  general  ruin  his  property  alone  remained  intact,  and 
not  a  single  medicine  was  left  upon  the  island  except  what  was 
in  his  possession.  In  this  time  of  sore  trial  and  distress,  he 
refused  to  profit  by  the  common  distress,  and  supplied  medi- 
cines and  other  aid  to  those  who  needed  them  without  stint 
and  without  compensation. 

In  1781  bad  health  compelled  him  to  return  to  England. 
During  this  voyage  his  wife  died  under  very  distressing  cir- 
cumstances, leaving  to  him  the  care  of  two  infant  children. 
Having  recovered  his  health  he  returned  to  Barbadoes,  but  soon 
after  (1790)  removed  to  Demerara,  where  he  had  been  ap- 
pointed by  the  States-General  of  the  United  Provinces,  Sur- 
geon-Major to  that  colony  then  in  the  possession  of  the  Dutch. 
During  his  residence  at  Demerara  the  authorities  conferred 
high  honors  on  him,  and  he  had  frequent  opportunities  for  the 
exhibition  of  that  philanthropy  which  was  his  peculiar  attri- 
bute.    His  house,  his  table  and  his  purse  were  open  at  all 

759 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

times  and  to  all.  Strangers  especially  profited  by  his  open- 
handed  hospitality.  But  he  did  not  neglect  professional  duties 
and  interests.  The  Military  Hospital  with  from  60  to  80  beds, 
and  absolutely  under  his  control,  afforded  a  wide  field  for  ob- 
servation and  study,  and  he  made  a  large  number  of  autopsies. 
An  observation  which  he  made  at  this  time  was  the  frequency 
with  W'hich  abscess  in  the  liver  was  found  where  there  had 
been  no  symptoms  pointing  to  its  existence  during  life. 

About  the  end  of  1794  his  health  again  gave  way  under  the 
influence  of  bad  cHmate,  and  he  was  obliged  to  return  to  Eng- 
land. Thence  he  went  over  to  Holland  to  settle  business  affairs 
with  the  Dutch  government.  During  his  stay  in  Holland  most 
of  his  time  was  spent  at  Leyden  in  study  and  research.  Mean- 
while Demerara  was  transferred  to  the  control  of  the  English. 
Although  he  was  offered  by  the  English  government  the  same 
position  which  he  had  recently  held  in  the  colony,  in  the  inter- 
est of  his  children  whom  he  desired  to  be  well  educated,  and 
by  the  solicitations  of  a  brother-in-law  who  had  already  crossed 
the  water,  he  was  induced  to  decline  the  offer  and  embark  for 
the  United  States.  He  arrived  at  Baltimore  in  1796,  the  year 
the  city  charter  was  granted,  and  about  the  same  time  that 
Drs.  Davidge  and  Potter  settled  here.  Thenceforth,  for  sev- 
enteen years,  Baltimore  was  the  scene  of  his  mature  life-work. 

A  man  of  such  a  character  and  acquirements  could  not  long 
remain  obscure  in  any  community.  "The  unaffected  urbanity 
of  his  address  and  manners,"  says  his  biographer,  "the  sweet 
benevolence  of  soul,  the  innate  dignity  of  mind  which  shone 
with  such  animated  luster  in  every  lineament  of  his  noble, 
manly  countenance,  soon  gained  him  the  acquaintance  and 
esteem  of  all  whose  respect  is  valuable  of  every  class  of  his 
fellow-citizens."  A  professional  career  would  furnish  such  a 
generous  nature  many  opportunities  for  the  exhibition  of  a 

760 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

humane  and  unselfish  conduct,  but  such  acts  form  but  the  ordi- 
nary routine  of  a  good  physician's  Hfe  and  their  existence  is 
only  known  by  their  being  the  necessary  accompaniments  of 
such  a  life. 

Of  Dr.  Crawford's  public  acts  we  know  more.  He  was  a 
participator,  if  not  a  leader,  in  most  of  the  humanitarian  enter- 
prises of  his  day.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  the  most 
active  member  of  the  Maryland  Society  for  Promoting  Useful 
Knowledge,  1798.  The  Baltimore  General  Dispensary,  estab- 
Hshed  in  1801,  owes  its  origin  directly  to  him,  and  he  con- 
tinued an  active  manager  of  it  until  his  death.  He  was  also 
connected  with  the  Hibernian  Benevolent  Society  from  the 
earliest  period  of  its  existence  and  held  several  offices  in  it.  To 
his  indefatigable  exertions,  perhaps,  more  than  to  those  of  any 
other  individual,  is  the  State  indebted  for  the  establishment  of 
the  Penitentiary  (1802).  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Bible  Society  of  Baltimore,  an  association  of  Christians  of 
every  denomination,  designed  to  promote  the  spread  of  the 
gospel  among  all  men.  He  was  also  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Baltimore  Library,  the  first  institution  of  the  sort  in  the 
city.  There  is  extant  a  lecture  delivered  by  him  at  the  Medi- 
cal College  in  this  city,  in  November,  181 1 ;  it  is  entitled,  "Intro- 
ductory to  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  the  Cause,  Seat  and  Cure 
of  Diseases,"  8vo,  pp.  51. 

In  November,  1812,  he  began  another  course  on  Natural 
History,  on  Hanover  Street,  continued  later  on  Commerce 
Street.  This  course  was  also  under  the  auspices  of  the  col- 
lege, and  was  to  have  been  given  at  the  college  on  Lombard 
Street,  but  the  building  was  not  sufficiently  advanced  at  the 
time  for  occupation.  The  title  of  the  chair  which  he  held 
from  the  Regents  of  the  college  was  Lecturer  on  Natural  His- 
tory.    He  was  soon  compelled  to  abandon  this  course,  but  the 

761 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

reasons  for  its  discontinuance  are  not  given.  Of  the  lectures 
which  he  gave  his  biographer  says:  "His  compositions  were 
remarkable  for  correct  and  elegant  style,  and  *  *  *  dis- 
played a  soundness  of  erudition  and  a  depth  of  research  sel- 
dom equaled."  Dr.  Crawford's  professional  standing  and  enter- 
prise are  also  shown  by  the  part  he  took  in  the  introduction  of 
vaccination  in  this  country.  It  is  on  record  that  in  the  summer 
of  1800  he  received  a  supply  of  virus  from  Dr.  Ring  of  Lon- 
don, and  made  successful  use  of  it  here.*  This  was  contempo- 
raneous with  its  use  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  by  Dr.  Waterhouse, 
to  whom  the  credit  is  usually  given  of  having  been  the  first  to 
employ  it  in  America. 

With  such  sentiments  and  such  a  desire  to  be  useful  to  his 
fellow-men,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  drifted  into  an  organi- 
zation which  holds  charity  to  be  a  supreme  virtue  and  duty. 
He  became  connected  with  the  Masonic  Order  here  in  1798. 
In  this  he  had  a  wider  field  for  the  exercise  of  that  benevolence 
which  was  a  part  and  a  very  necessity  of  his  nature.  He  rose 
at  once  to  the  highest  office  in  his  Lodge  and  was  recognized 
as  a  leader  among  his  brethren  in  the  State,  In  1801  he  be- 
came Grand  Mjaster,  having  already  presided  at  most  of  the 
meetings  of  the  Grand  Lodge  during  the  previous  two  years. 
After  this  he  was  continuously  and  unanimously  elected  to  the 
same  office,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  when  his  profes- 
sional engagements  compelled  him  to  decline,  to  the  period  of 
his  death  in  1813.  Some  of  the  charges  which  he  delivered  to 
his  brethren  in  the  Grand  Lodge  have  been  preserved  and  are 
models  of  style  and  of  Christian  fervor.  So  highly  esteemed 
were  they  by  the  fraternity  that  in  order  to  diffuse  their  bene- 
ficial influence  more  widely  they  were  in  some  instances  pub- 
lished and  distributed  among  the  Order  in  other  States.     His 

*  "Ring  on  Cowpox,"  1801,  p.  496  (quoted  by  Quinan). 

762 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

numerous  Masonic  writings,  including  a  work  upon  Masonry, 
which  he  had  prepared  for  pubUcation,  were  bequeathed  by  his 
will  to  his  "beloved  friend  Nicholas  Le  Favre,  Esq.,  of  Pliila- 
delphia,  Gentleman." 

He  also  wrote  many  medical  articles  which  are  highly  inter- 
esting and  valuable.  He  was  a  large  contributor  to  the  Med- 
ical and  Physical  Recorder,  1808-09,  edited  by  Dr.  Tobias  Wat- 
kins,  the  first  medical  journal  published  in  Maryland.  His 
MS.  medical  writings  were  bequeathed  to  Dr.  William  Don- 
aldson, of  Baltimore,  and  have  nearly  all  been  lost. 

Although— and  it  seems  strange— Dr.  Crawford  did  not 
enjoy  the  honor  of  being  an  incorporator  or  founder  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland,  he  held  high 
rank  in  its  early  councils,  being  censor,  examiner,  orator,  and 
member  of  the  committee  appointed  to  publish  its  Transac- 
tions. He  was  also  Chairman  of  the  Medical  Faculty  of  Balti- 
more and  as  such  made  a  report  on  the  health  of  the  city  to 
the  City  Council,  February  10,  1800.  He  was  Vice-President 
of  the  Medical  Society  of  Baltimore  and  Consulting  Physician 
to  the  Board  of  Health  and  City  Hospital. 

Dr.  Crawford  died  at  his  residence,  corner  of  Hanover  and 
German  Streets,  on  the  morning  of  the  ninth  of  May,  1813. 
Of  the  nature  of  his  illness  we  are  not  informed,  but  it  was 
brief  and  violent  in  character.  The  Grand  Lodge  was  then  in 
session.  He  attended  the  meeting  on  May  4,  and  deUvered 
an  annual  address  as  usual.  It  is  said  to  have  been  able  and 
excellent— "the  production  of  his  rich  imagination,  couched 
in  the  most  affectionate  and  parental  language."  At  its  con- 
clusion he  intimated  to  his  br(?thren  his  wish  to  retire  from 
office  and  pleaded  in  excuse  for  not  serving  longer  his  already 
lengthy  services  and  advanced  age.     He  then  withdrew,  giv- 

763 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ing  the  Tyler  an  affectionate  shake  of  the  hand  as  he  passed 
through  the  adjoining  room,  and  remarking  thait  the  door 
which  had  just  closed  upon  him  would  never  again  be  opened 
for  his  reception.  Hardly  had  he  left  the  Lodge  room  before 
the  members,  by  spontaneous  act,  gave  him  a  unanimous  vote 
of  continuance. 

His  presentiment  came  true.  Owing  to  the  apprehension 
consequent  upon  the  approach  of  the  British,  the  Grand  Lodge 
did  not  meet  again  until  the  ninth  of  the  month.  Meanwhile, 
on  the  very  next  day  after  his  attendance,  he  was  attacked 
with  the  fatal  illness  which  terminated  his  life  in  less  than  four 
days.  On  the  tenth  of  May  the  Grand  Lodge  was  convened 
and  followed  his  remains  in  sad  procession  to  the  Presbyterian 
graveyard,  corner  of  Fayette  and  Greene  Streets,  where  they 
were  duly  interred.  In  the  following  June  a  monument  of 
sandstone  and  marble,  carved  with  Masonic  emblems  and  con- 
taining an  inscription  conveying  the  chief  facts  here  stated, 
was  erected  in  his  honor. 

Dr.  Crawford  left  one  child,  a  daughter,  who  married  Mr. 
Maximilian  Godefroy,  an  architect  and  the  designer  of  many 
of  the  public  buildings  of  this  city.  She  went  with  her  hus- 
band to  France,  and  it  is  not  known  whether  she  had  any  chil- 
dren. Dr.  Crawford's  library  was  purchased  from  his  widow 
by  the  Regen'ts  of  the  University  of  Maryland  and  formed  the 
nucleus  of  the  library  of  that  institution  now  known,  from  the 
larger  bequest  of  another  physician,  as  the  "Brune  Collection." 

The  character  of  Dr.  Crawford  seems  to  have  excited  the 
admiration  and  reverence  of  every  one  who  came  in  contact 
with  him.  His  urbanity,  his  unselfishness,  his  tireless  charity, 
his  forgetfulness  of  injury,  his  genuine  human  sympathy,  his 
earnest   Christian  piety  and  his   social  vir'tues,   made  him  a 

764 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

model  for  imitation.     His  scientific  and  professional  attain- 
ments and  position  were  conspicuous  and  freely  acknowledged. 
His  time,  his  labors,  his  cares  and  his  fortune  were  devoted  to 
the  cause  of  suffering  humanity.     One  writer  says  of  him: 
"Since  the  days  of  the  celebrated  Howard  that  man  has  not 
appeared  on  the  stage  of  life  whose  character  so  nearly  resem- 
bled that  celebrated  philanthropist  as  Dr.  Crawford."     Many 
remarked  his  strong  resemblance  in  face  and  form  to  Washing- 
ton.    Nor  did  this  resemblance,  which  appears  in  his  picture, 
stop  at  the  exterior;  there  was  also  a  close  identity  of  senti- 
ment, motive  and  character.     There  can  be  little  doubt  that 
upon' a  larger  field  of  action,  Dr.  Crawford  would  have  proven 
with  equal  certainty  that  he  possessed  the  same  elements  of 
greatness ;  for  greatness  is  not  insured  by  the  mere  possession 
of  certain  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  but  requires  an  oppor- 
tunity also  for  its  exhibition. 

I  now  direct  your  attention  to  Dr.  Crawford's  writings  as 
they  have  come  under  my  notice. 

A  strongly  religious  tone  pervades  his  works ;  it  has  a  genu- 
ine ring  and  is  altogether  free  from  cant:  "There  is  one 
course  I  shall  pursue,"  he  says,  "which  has  been  strangely 
neglected  by  medical  writers— never  to  lose  sight  of  the  Crea- 
tor."* Speaking  of  the  infidelity  prevalent  among  the  Faculty, 
he  says  that  professional  s'tudy,  being  directed  to  the  physical 
causes  and  operations  of  the  animal  economy,  tends  to  a 
neglect  or  undue  appreciation  of  the  spiritual  side  of  life. 
Hence,  physicians  are  disposed  to  attribute  to  secondary 
causes  things  which  can  only  belong  to  first;  and  so,  resting 
there,  they  lose  sight  of  a  divine  cause.  It  cannot  be  that 
true  religion  and  true  philosophy  are  ever  at  variance  with 

*  "Cause,  Seat  and  Cure  of  Disease." 

765 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

each  other;  on  the  contrary,  when  rightly  understood  they 
mutually  and  powerfully  support  each  other.  Who  but  the 
Deity,  he  asks,  could  operate  the  wonders  that  are  continually 
pressing  upon  our  regards?  Attributed  to  a  divine  source, 
wonder  is  changed  into  admiration,  reverence  and  devotion ! 
Philosophy  can  never  be  brought  to  perfection  unless  the  mind 
of  the  investigator  is  suitably  impressed  with  the  necessity  of 
having  his  thoughts  continually  directed  to  the  stupendous 
Author  of  all  things.  It  cannot  be  too  frequently  or  too 
strongly  urged  that  our  success  will  be  precisely  in  proportion 
to  our  discovery  of  the  designs  of  Him  by  whom  the  objects 
of  our  inquiry  were  contrived  and  executed. 

Passing  on  to  the  more  strictly  medical  writings — I  refer 
particularly  to  those  on  Quarantine  and  on  "The  Cause,  Seat 
and  Cure  of  Disease" — in  these  he  discusses  principally  the 
origin  of  disease,  and  it  is  his  views  upon  this  subject  that 
especially  rivet  our  attention  and  constitute,  as  I  think,  his 
title  to  fame.  The  lecture  on  "The  Cause,  Seat  and  Cure 
of  Disease,"  besides  outlining  the  course  which  he  proposes 
giving,*  deals  almost  exclusively  with  the  first  o'f  the  three 
subjects  named  and  in  the  more  general  way  of  an  introductory 
lecture.  It  is  in  the  series  of  the  articles  on  Quarantine,  to  be 
found  in  the  Baltimore  Observer,  a  non-medical  weekly  publica- 
tion, commencing  November  29,  1806,  and  continuing  to  the 


*  "I  shall  first  submit  to  your  consideration  a  succinct  account  of  the 
diseases  of  the  human  body,  the  causes  of  which  have  been  made  evident 
to  the  senses.  *  *  *  I  shall  then  proceed  to  consider  the  cause  of 
suffering  in  the  animals  that  are  in  nearest  connection  with  us,  con- 
tinue my  inquiries  through  all  the  animal  tribes  down  to  the  smallest 
insect  as  far  as  the  means  of  information  have  been  within  my  reach, 
and  finally  advert  to  the  leading  sources  of  destruction  in  the  vegetable 
kingdom.  I  shall  then  revert  to  man,  and  hope  to  reflect  the  light 
elicited  from  them  on  what  is  obscure  in  our  own  species,  etc." 

766 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

end  of  1807,  that  he  enters  into  the  details  of  the  subject  and 
produces  his  facts. 

Dr.  Crawford  first  began  to  entertain  the  idea  of  an  ani- 
mated principle,  a  contagium  vivum,  as  the  cause  of  disease, 
about  1790,  when  he  went  to  reside  in  Demerara,  or  Guiana. 
He  saw  there,  of  course,  a  large  number  of  cases  of  malarial 
and  yellow  fever,  dysentery,  flux,  abscess  of  the  liver,  etc.  He 
was  led  to  reason  upon  the  cause  of  these  affections,  and  thus, 
when  at  the  close  of  the  day  the  beams  of  the  sun  fell  aslant 
upon  the  earth  and  he  saw  myriads  of  minute  insects — at  other 
times  invisible — fluttering  in  the  air,  he  said  to  himself,  "If 
in  the  air  why  not  in  my  air  tubes  ?  why  not  capable  of  entering 
the  pores  and  openings  of  my  body?  and  why  not  thus  the 
conveyors  of  disease?" 

All  analogy  taught  that  disease  and  decay  were  coincident 
with  the  presence  of  minute  organisms.  Such  was  the  case 
with  the  putrefying  flesh  exposed  to  the  air,  such  with  the 
decaying  fruit,  such  with  the  rotting  wood,  such  with  the 
moth-eaten  garment,  the  rusted  grain.  If  the  fly  lays  its  eggs 
to  develop  later  into  the  crawling  worm,  why  may  not  minute 
insects  deposit  their  offspring  in  our  bodies,  there  to  develop 
and  ravage  the  tissues  ?  And  he  declared  that  this  was  a  law 
of  universal  application,  not  more  applicable  to  the  lower  ani- 
mals than  to  man,  and  embracing  the  vegetable  kingdom  as 
well  as  the  animal.*     With  these  views  he  returns  to  Leyden; 


*  "There  is  a  principle  which  pervades  the  whole  circle  of  nature  of 
which  we  should  never  lose  sight;  it  is  that  every  individual  existing 
is  more  or  less  a  type  of  every  other,  although  no  two  things  whatso- 
ever are  exactly  alike"  {Baltinwre  Observer,  ii,  3,  July  18,  1807).  Again: 
"Previous  to  my  attempt,  I  believe  I  may  assert,  there  is  not  one  who 
has  seriously  endeavored  to  show  that  there  is  equally  one  law  by  which 
every  animal  without  any  exception  is  undeviatingly  governed"  ("The 
Cause,  Seat  and  Cure  of  Disease"). 

49  767 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  there,  while  reviewing-  some  Dutch  troops  just  back  from 
a  campaign  in  the  marshes,  he  enunciates  them  to  Professor 
Brugmans,  Professor  of  Natural  History  and  Botany  in  the 
University,  and  another  physician  who  was  present.  He  learns 
from  them  to  his  surprise  that  such  views  were  not  new.  Yet 
there  was  no  mention  of  them  in  any  of  the  works  on  medi- 
cine of  the  day.  He  quotes  a  number  which  were  silent  on 
the  subject.  He  continued  this  line  of  investigation.  He 
became  more  and  more  convinced  of  the  truth  of  this  view.  It 
was  with  him  not  a  mere  hint — a  suggestion,  a  fancy,  a  possi- 
bility or  a  probability — but  an  overmastering  conviction  and 
the  dominating  principle  of  his  life,  his  thought,  his  conduct. 
He  seems  to  have  realized  its  predominating  importance,  that 
it  furnished  at  once  the  solution  of  a  problem  which  had  puz- 
zled the  greatest  minds  of  the  past  and  led  to  the  greatest 
variety  and  absurdity  of  opinion.  The  following  statements 
show  the  comprehensiveness  and  philosophic  breadth  of  his 
mind :  "We  can  comprehend  that  which  is  unknown  by  the 
study  of  that  which  is  known ;"  "each  disease  gives  rise  to  itself 
only  as  the  seeds  to  their  respective  plants ;"  "diseases  are  first 
local." 

Nor  was  he  satisfied  with  mere  theorizing.  "I  shall  studi- 
ously avoid  offering  any  opinion,"  he  says,  "when  I  have  not 
an  ascertained  fact  to  support  it."  And  so  he  ransacks  the 
whole  realm  of  nature  and  marshals  before  the  reader  every 
fact  that  reading  or  observation  could  furnish  in  support  of  his 
views  so  that  as  we  read  his  \vritings  in  the  light  of  the  knowl- 
edge that  we  now  possess,  there  seems  to  be  but  the  one  con- 
clusion which  he  draws.  What  would  such  a  man  thus  over- 
mastered by  the  true  scientific  spirit  have  accomplished  had 
he  lived  in  these  latter  days  ? 

768 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

He  not  only  held  these  views  as  to  the  cause,  but  he  carried 
them  to  their  legitimate  conclusion  as  to  prevention  and  treat- 
ment. He  insisted  upon  absolute  cleanliness  and  all  those 
things  that  go  to  make  a  perfect  hygiene — pure  water,  pure 
air,  pure  food,  proper  clothing,  proper  sewerage,  and  a  regu- 
lation of  the  habits  of  living,  but  above  all  and  including  all, 
cleanliness.  He  insisted  also  that  the  sick  should  be  removed 
from,  and  the  well  prevented  from  going  to,  infected  localities, 
infested  in  his  view  with  the  morbific  but  invisible  agents  of 
disease.  In  the  treatment  of  disease,  likewise,  he  employed 
remedies  with  a  view  to  their  destructive  effect  upon  the  path- 
ogenic organisms.  He  thus  anticipated  modern  methods  of 
treatment  and  is  justly  entitled  to  the  credit  of  taking  the  first 
step  that  led  to  the  triumphs  of  Lister.  It  is  true  he  used  the 
remedies  that  were  in  vogue,  but  he  used  them  upon  a  different 
principle  and  for  a  different  object  from  those  which  other 
physicians  had  in  view.  Nor  were  the  results  of  these  investi- 
gations to  be  judged  only  by  our  ability  at  once  to  control  and 
influence  epidemics.  "If  no  other  benefit  should  result  from 
such  an  investigation,  the  satisfaction  that  must  be  experienced 
in  at  all  comprehending  the  nature  of  what  is  to  be  done,  and 
clearly  seeing  the  course  that  ought  to  be  pursued,  will  be  a 
blessed  exchange  for  the  confusion  and  doubt  which  at  present 
exist." 

We  need  not  be  surprised  to  learn  that  he  met  with  opposi- 
tion, with  ridicule,  with  incredulity.  No  doubt  he  was  regarded 
as  a  "crank"  by  his  medical  associates,  for  every  great  reformer 
who  has  a  new  truth  to  teach  has  such  an  experience.  It  is 
probably  for  this  reason  that  he  sought  to  inculcate  his  views 
through  the  medium  of  a  lay  journal.  There  is  something 
extremely  pathetic  in  the  conclusion  of  his  lecture  on  "The 

769 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Cause,  Seat  and  Cure  of  Disease,"  t8ii.  He  expects  opposi- 
tion to  his  view  but  is  prepared  for  it,  has  no  disquietude  as 
to  the  result,  and  would  proceed  perseveringly  with  his  inves- 
tigations, hoping  to  convince  those  who  were  not  blinded  by 
prejudice  against  the  truth.  He  was  willing  to  make  any  sac- 
rifice and  to  submit  to  any  deprivation  to  attain  this  object. 
"Our  ignorance  upon  this  matter  cannot  continue  always,"  he 
prophetically  declares,  "for  it  is  not  beyond  the  limits  of  human 
intelligence."  Fortunately,  he  was  supported  in  his  purpose 
by  a  mind  which  did  not  crave  luxuries,  but  was  satisfied  with 
the  necessaries  of  life ;  his  inclinations  were  all  averse  to  ex- 
travagance and  the  plainest  fare  was  as  acceptable  to  him  as 
the  richest  viands.  Having  already  advanced  far  in  his  sixty- 
fifth  year,  the  charms  of  life  had  largely  lost  their  attractions 
and  there  was,  therefore,  no  impediment  to  his  continuing  in 
the  path  which  he  had  followed  for  nearly  twenty  years.  "The 
difficulties  I  have  had  to  encounter,"  he  concludes,  "have 
indeed  increased  my  ardor.  As  long  as  health  and  life  remain, 
I  shall  deem  myself  strictly  in  the  performance  of  my  duty 
whilst  so  employed  and  I  shall  leave  the  result  to  that  august 
Being  who  has  made  nothing  in  vain  and  who  often  makes 
use  of  the  humblest  instruments  to  accomplish  his  all-wise 
purposes  lest  presumptuous  man  should  assume  to  himself 
the  glory  which  belongeth  alone  to  God."  And  so  within  a 
brief  space  passed  out  of  this  world  this  good  man,  this  wise 
physician;  and  I  venture  to  think  that  no  one  who  is  engaged 
in  the  study  of  pathology,  nay,  of  medicine  itself,  can  afford 
to  be  ignorant  of  his  name  and  work.  (See  Schultz's  "His- 
tory of  Freemasonry  in  Maryland,"  vol.  ii,  1885.) 


770 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

JOHN  D.   GODAIAN,   M.D. 

Often  the  character,  genius  and  achievements  of  great  men 
are  not  fully  appreciated  until  they  have  disappeared  from  the 
field  of  their  earthly  activity.  One  must  have  the  perspective 
to  see  the  full  proportions  of  the  mountain  and  its  whole 
beauty.  John  D.  Godman  appears  to  have  been  an  exception 
to  this  rule.  His  brilliant  career  dazzled  his  contemporaries, 
who  were  enthusiastic  over  his  personal  charms,  his  eloquence, 
his  writings  and  regarded  him  as  one  of  those  whose  fame  was 
destined  to  immortality.  Whilst  time  with  its  ruthless  tooth 
has  lessened  considerabiy  this  estimate,  there  is  not  in  the 
whole  history  of  the  medical  profession  of  America  a  more  in- 
teresting figure  than  that  of  Godman.  A  helpless  orphaned 
waif,  he  carved  his  way  upward  against  what  to  most  men 
would  have  seemed  insurmountable  difficulties,  supplying  him- 
self his  lack  of  education,  and  achieving  in  spite  of  a  delicate 
constitution  and  the  insidious  murmurings  of  a  disease  which 
finally  ended  his  career  before  it  had  fairly  reached  its  zenith, 
a  distinguished  place  among  the  greatest  savants  of  this 
Western  World.  According  to  all  accounts  his  personal  at- 
tractions must  hc--"^^  been  remarkable  and  he  owed  his  reputa- 
tion in  no  slight  degree  to  the  charm  of  his  voice,  and  the 
grace  of  his  delivery,  and  the  wonderful  command  of  language 
which  enabled  him  to  clothe  his  ideas  in  the  choicest  imagery. 
John  D.  Godman  was  the  son  of  Captain  Samuel  Godman, 
an  of^cer  of  the  Revolution,  and  was  born  at  Annapolis  De- 
cember 20,  1794.  At  two  years  of  age  he  lost  his  mother  and 
went  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  to  reside  with  an  aunt.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  five.  At  the  age  of  four,  his  aunt  went  to 
reside  at  Chestertown,  in  Kent  County,  Md.,  where  he  was 
placed  at  school.     He  is  said  to  have  been  a  remarkably  pre- 

771 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cocious  child,  being  aible  to  read  before  he  wa.s  two  years  of 
age.  At  the  age  of  six  he  lost  his  devoted  protector,  of  whose 
care  and  affection  he  often  spoke  in  terms  of  high  praise  in 
after  life,  and  was  left  to  the  charity  of  his  friends  and  relatives. 
His  life  from  now  on  until  he  was  fifteen  was  one  of  sadness 
and  friendlessness.  He  was  deprived  of  his  property  by  fraud, 
and  to  use  his  own  words,  "ate  the  bread  of  misery  and  drank 
the  cup  of  sorrow."  In  some  way  he  drifted  to  Baltimore 
where  he  had  a  sister,  and  became  a  pupil  in  an  English  school 
taught  by  a  Mr.  McCreary.  During  the  winter  of  1811-12  he 
was  bound  as  an  apprentice  to  a  printer,  an  employment  v/hich 
was  extremely  distasteful  and  uncongenial  to  him,  and  which 
seriously  affected  his  health,  for  in  the  fall  of  the  following 
year  he  was  suffering  from  a  continual  pain  in  the  chest  and 
a  slow,  burning  fever,  symptoms  probably  indicative  of  a  tuber- 
cular infection.  In  January,  18 14,  we  find  him  commencing 
the  study  of  chemistry  and  entertaining  the  idea  of  attending 
the  lectures  at  the  University.  In  the  fall  of  1814  he  enlisted 
as  a  sailor  on  the  flotilla  stationed  in  the  Chesapeake  Bay  under 
command  of  Commodore  Barney  and  was  present  at  the  bom- 
bardment of  Fort  McHenry.  Early  in  the  year  1815,  Dr.  Wm. 
N.  Luckey,  who  had  met  him  while  himself  a  medical  student 
at  Baltimore  and  become  "captivated  by  his  genius  and  touched 
by  his  misfortunes,"  invited  him  to  come  to  Elizabethtown,  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  com.mence  the  study  of  medicine  with  him. 
He  accepted  this  offer  with  a  most  grateful  heart  and  in  four 
days  was  at  the  house  of  his  benefactor.  "In  six  weeks," 
says  Dr.  Luckey,  "he  had  acquired  more  knowledge  in  the  dif- 
ferent departments  of  medical  science  than  most  students  do  in 
a  year.  During  this  short  period,  he  not  only  read  Chaptal, 
Fourcroy,  Cheselden,  Murray,  Brown,  Cullen,  Rush,  Syden- 

772 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ham,  Sharp  and  Cooper,  but  wrote  annotations  on  each,  in- 
cluding critical  remarks  on  the  incongruities  in  their  reason- 
ings." At  the  end  of  five  glorious  months,  having  exhausted 
the  stock  of  the  country  doctor's  library,  his  thirst  for  further 
knowledge  led  him  back  to  Baltimore,  where  he  became  a 
pupil  of  Dr.  Richard  Wilmot  Hall.  The  ensuing  fall  he 
began  attendance  upon  lectures  at  the  University  under  what 
seemed  very  favorable  circumstances.  But  unforeseen  events 
occurred,  with  domestic  calamities,  which  compelled  him  to 
abandon  the  study  of  medicine  for  the  time.  In  February,  he 
writes  to  his  friend  that  he  is  in  expectation  of  a  situation  with 
an  eminent  apothecary  and  thus  hopes  to  be  able  at  some 
future  period  to  recommence  his  studies.  Although  he  did 
not  obtain  the  expected  situation,  through  the  friendly  interest 
of  Dr.  Davidge  he  was  enabled  to  continue  his  studies,  which 
he  did  through  the  spring  and  summer  of  1816  with  the  great- 
est diligence  and  zeal.  He  was  so  far  advanced  that  during 
the  sessions  of  1816-17,  and  1817-18,  he  served  as  Dr. 
DaAadge's  Demonstrator  and  was  thus  enabled  to  help  himself 
on  and  to  attend  the  courses  of  lectures  during  these  years. 
He  graduated  in  March,  1818,  the  acknowledged  head  of  his 
class  and  gaining  the  gold  medal  for  the  best  Latin  thesis  pre- 
sented. Says  Dr.  Sewall  of  his  final  examination:  "The 
superiority  of  his  mind,  as  well  as  the  extent  and  accuracy  of 
his  knowledge  were  so  apparent,  that  he  was  marked  by  the 
professors  as  one  who  was  destined  at  some  future  period 
to  confer  high  honor  upon  the  profession."*  During  the 
winter  preceding  this  event  a  circumstance  occurred  which 
was  of  the  greatest  advantage  to  him,  by  making  known  to 


*  "Introductory  Lecture"  by  Thomas  Sewall,  M.D.,  Professor  of 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C, 
1830. 

773 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  world  his  abiHty  as  a  lecturer  and  an  anatomist.  It  was 
thus  described  by  his  biog-rapher,  Dr.  T.  G.  Richardson :  "Dr. 
Davidge,  who  was  the  Professor  of  Anatomy,  having  met  with 
an  accident  by  which  his  thigh-bone  was  broken,  was  pre- 
vented from  attending  to  his  professorial  duties  for  several 
weeks,  and  in  the  meantime  it  became  necessary  to  provide  a 
temporary  substitute.  The  Faculty  with  one  accord  selected 
Mr.  Godman,  who,  confident  of  his  own  attainments  and  of 
his  ability  to  make  a  lecturer,  having  already  acted  as  a  demon- 
strator in  the  dissecting  rooms,  consented  to  fill  the  appoint- 
ment, and  such  was  the  enthusiasm  and  eloquence  of  his  de- 
livery, the  clearness  and  simplicity  of  his  style,  the  forcible 
appositeness  of  his  illustrations,  and  withal,  the  modesty  and 
propriety  of  his  deportment,  that  he  won  the  applause  and 
commendation  of  all  who  heard  him."* 

The  necessity  of  providing  for  his  immediate  support  led 
him  to  try  a  country  life  and  he  settled  at  New  Holland,  Lan- 
caster County,  Pa.  After  a  few  months  spent  there,  he  re- 
moved to  the  banks  of  the  Patapsco,  not  far  from  Baltimore. 
Here  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  practice  and  here  made  those 
observations  in  natural  history  which  became  subsequently  the 
basis  of  a  series  of  popular  papers  published  under  the  name 
"Rambles  of  a  Naturalist,"  i2mo,  Philadelphia,  1833.  But 
the  stagnant  life  of  a  village  doctor  suited  but  little  his  active 
and  ambitious  spirit  and  he  longed  for  a  wider  field  of  work. 

About  this  time  a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  Faculty  of  the 
University  of  Maryland  by  the  removal  of  Prof.  William 
Gibson,  the  Professor  of  Surgery  to  Philadelphia.  Godman 
naturally  entertained  a  strong  hope  that  he  might  be  called  to 


*  "Lives   of   Eminent    American   Physicians   and  Surgeons  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century."     By  Samuel  D.  Gross,  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1861. 

774 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

occupy  the  Chair  of  Anatomy  which  he  had  filled  with  such 
satisfaction  while  still  a  student.     But  his  youth  and  the  repu- 
tation of  Granville  Sharp  Pattison,  a  Glasgow  anatomist,  who 
had  unfortunately  come  forward  as  a  candidate,  were  against 
him  and  he  was  disappointed.     He  now  boldly  resolved  to  re- 
move to  Philadelphia,  the  medical  emporium  of  the  day,  and 
there  strike  out  on  his  individual  account  as  a  lecturer  upon 
anatomy.    But  he  had  hardly  settled  there  and  begun  to  attract 
attention  when  he  had  an  offer  from  the  West.     Dr.  Drake 
and  others  bad  the  year  before  organized  at  Cincinnati  an 
institution  called  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  the  first  session 
of  which,  1820-21,  had  closed  with  good  promise  for  the  future. 
Drake  sought  to  strengthen  his  corps  of  teachers  for  the  second 
session  by  calling  a  number  of  men  of  prominence  from  the 
east  to  his  aid.     Godman  was  offered  the  Chair  of  Surgery 
and  accepted.     Cincinnati  was  then  a  rapidly  growing  town 
of  about  10,000  inhabitants  and  the  largest  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies.     There  was  but  one  other  school  in  the  West — that 
of  Transylvania  and   the  prospects   for   the   second   seemed 
bright.     On  the  day  of  his  marriage  to  a  daughter  of  the  dis- 
tinguished artist — Rembrandt  Peale — he  left  Philadelphia  for 
the  tedious  journey  over  the  mountains,  and  arrived  at  his 
destination  just  in  time  for  his  introductory  lecture.     Hardly 
had  he  delivered  that  before  dissensions  arose  in  the  Faculty, 
and  the  class  being  small  he  handed  in  his  resignation.     He 
now  turned  to  medical  journalism  and  established  the  Western 
Quarterly  Reporter,  the  first  medical  periodical  in  the  West. 
During  the  brief  existence  of  this  publication  more  than  300 
of  its  pages  were  contributions  from  his  pen,  and  we  have  the 
statement  of  Dr.  Richardson  that  it  was  conducted  with  signal 
ability.  This  enterprise  also  was  abandoned  after  six  numbers. 

775 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

After  a  year's  residence  at  Cincinnati — time  not  lost  but 
devoted  to  diligent  study  and  improvement — he  retraced  his 
steps  to  Philadelphia,  the  journey  being  made  entirely  by 
stage.  The  discomforts  of  this  trip  were  exceedingly  great  for 
he  had  shortly  before  starting  an  addition  to  his  little  family. 

Arriving  at  Philadelphia  just  as  the  session  of  the  Univer- 
sity was  about  to  open  he  at  once  hired  rooms  which  had 
already  been  in  use  for  anatomical  instruction.  Very  soon 
he  had  drawn  around  him  a  large  number  of  students  and 
others  interested  in  anatomical  science,  and  he  began  to  be 
called  upon  to  deliver  before  various  professional  and  non- 
professional audiences  those  beautiful  addresses  which  were 
afterwards  collected  and  published  and  which  exhibit  elo- 
quence, research  and  fine  reasoning  power. 

During  the  four  years  in  which  he  occupied  the  rooms  in 
College  Avenue  he  made  many  contributions  to  anatomical 
science,  most  of  which  were  published  in  the  Philadelphia 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  the  name  of  which  was  later 
changed  to  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences.  He 
became  one  of  the  editors  of  this  periodical  in  1824  and  contin- 
ued to  contribute  to  it  until  within  a  short  time  of  his  death. 
His  more  elaborate  anatomical  investigations  comprising  a 
minute  account  of  the  connections  and  distribution  of  the  vari- 
ous fasciae  of  the  human  body  were  published  in  a  separate 
volume  in  1824,  and  this  was  supplemented  by  a  tract  of  86 
pages  on  "Pathological  Anatomy"  the  following  year. 

Another  of  the  fruits  of  his  residence  at  Philadelphia  was 
his  researches  in  Natural  History.  On  his  first  arrival  there 
he  became  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and 
in  the  Museum  belonging  to  this  Society  he  engaged  in  what 
he  regarded  as  the  crowning  labor  of  his  life — his  work  on 

776 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Natural  History.  With  indefatigable  industry  and  persever- 
ance he  finished  and  published  this  in  three  octavo  volumes 
in  1826,  the  first  original  and  systematic  treatise  on  American 
Natural  History  ever  published  and  a  worthy  monument  to 
his  memory. 

In  the  midst  of  his  busy  scientific  employments  Dr.  Godman 
found  leisure  for  several  elaborate  analytical  and  critical  re- 
views for  the  American  Quarterly,  and  translations  from  the 
Latin,  French  and  German  languages. 

While  thus  engaged  in  so  many  pursuits  he  was  called  to 
the  Chair  of  Anatomy  in  Rutgers  College  in  New  York  City, 
where  he  had  for  his  colleagues  the  celebrated  Drs.  Valentine 
Mott  and  David  Hosack.  He  lectured  with  his  usual  success 
at  this  school  during  the  session  of  1826-27  and  part  of  the 
succeeding  session.  But  about  the  middle  of  the  latter  his 
health  which  had  been  declining  for  some  time  previous  be- 
came so  much  impaired  that  he  was  compelled  to  resign  his 
chair.  Under  medical  advice  he  spent  the  months  of  Febru- 
ary, March  and  April,  1828,  at  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  West  Indies, 
returning  to  Philadelphia  in  May  without  benefit.  Being  now 
in  the  advanced  stage  of  consumption  he  did  not  resume  his 
anatomical  labors,  but  taking  a  house  at  Germantown  in  the 
suburbs  of  Philadelphia,  he  labored  with  his  pen  for  the  sup- 
port of  his  family.  It  was  at  this  period,  while  for  most  of  the 
time  unable  to  leave  his  room  and  often  too  weak  to  sit  up, 
that  he  contributed  to  a  weekly  magazine  those  charming 
papers,  "Rambles  of  a  Naturalist,"  to  which  allusion  has  al- 
ready been  made.  He  also  continued  to  work  for  the  natural 
history  department  of  the  "Encyclopaedia  Americana." 

Thus  situated  he  spent  the  last  two  years,  nursed  by  his 
faithful  wife  and  attended  by  his  friend.  Dr.  Samuel  Jackson. 

777 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Every  physician  of  experience  is  familiar  with  these  cases  and 
Dr.  Godman's  case  was  no  exception  in  the  strange  cheerful- 
ness characterizing  them.  At  one  time  he  had  been  an  infidel 
but  he  now  embraced  the  Christian  religion  and  derived  much 
solace  from  the  hope  which  it  confers.  He  worked  to  the  last 
and  then,  on  the  seventeenth  of  April,  1830,  commending  his 
little  family  to  God,  his  spirit  departed  from  its  frail  and  ema- 
ciated tenement.  His  last  words  were,  "Lord  Jesus,  receive 
my  soul." 

In  contemplating  the  life  of  Dr.  Godman,  one  of  its  most 
conspicuous  characteristics  is  his  inordinate  thirst  for  knowl- 
edge which  has  been  likened  to  "the  impulse  of  gnawing  hun- 
ger and  unquenchable  thirst."  This  was  as  manifest  during 
the  long  days  of  his  last  illness  as  when  with  the  elastic  step 
of  youth  and  health  he  scoured  the  country,  hundreds  of  miles, 
in  pursuit  of  objects  of  natural  history.  "Day  and  night, 
winter  and  summer,  alone  in  the  wide  world  or  oppressed  by  the 
cares  of  a  family,  he  knew  no  rest,  variety  of  occupation  being 
the  only  relaxation  which  he  sought  or  desired."  "He  loved 
truth  for  truth's  sake  and  while  ever  ready  and  willing  to. 
impart  it  to  others,  he  made  no  display  for  the  purpose  of 
applause  but  preferred  to  pass  for  a  student  even  among  those 
whom  he  undertook  to  teach.  As  a  lecturer  he  was  remark- 
ably gifted,  possessing  an  easy  and  natural  style,  simple  but 
choice  language,  quick  and  accurate  powers  of  illustration. 
His  delivery  was  fervid  and  impressive  and  held  the  atten- 
tion of  his  audiences  whatever  the  subject.  His  countenance 
was  expressive  and  his  voice  wonderfully  melodious  and  flexi- 
ble. In  his  favorite  branch,  anatomy,  he  seemed  to  know 
exactly  the  wants  of  those  beginning  its  study  and  he  was  the 
first  and  only  one  in  this  country  who  has  ever  been  able  suc- 

778 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

cessfully  to  carry  on  his  dissections  in  the  presence  of  his 
class  without  interruption  to  the  continuance  and  integrity  of 
his  lecture.  This  he  always  contended  is  the  only  true  method 
of  teaching  anatomy  in  the  amphitheatre ;  and  with  his  happily 
constituted  powers  of  description,  and  his  great  aptitude  in 
handling  the  scalpel,  the  superiority  of  the  plan  was  clearly 
demonstrated,  however  awkward  and  tedious  such  a  course 
might  seem  when  attempted  by  almost  any  one  else." 

"In  his  intercourse  with  society,  he  was  characterized  by 
great  frankness  and  honesty  of  purpose,  conjoined  with  a 
suavity  of  manner,  which  captivated  every  one  with  whom  he 
was  brought  in  contact ;  and  the  close  attachment  of  the  numer- 
ous friends  who  enjoyed  his  intimacy  is  a  sufficient  evidence 
of  his  sincerity  and  uprightness  of  heart."  In  a  word,  accord- 
ing to  the  unanimous  opinion  of  his  contemporaries  and  coun- 
trymen, he  was  "one  of  the  most  accomplished  general  scholars 
and  linguists,  acute  and  erudite  naturalists,  ready,  pleasing  and 
instructive  lecturers  and  writers  of  his  country  or  era.  He 
prosecuted  extensive  and  diversified  researches,  composed 
superior  disquisitions  and  reviews  and  large  and  valuable  vol- 
umes and  he  imparted  a  freshness  and  vigor  to  everything  he 
touched."  (The  materials  for  a  memoir  of  Dr.  Godman  are 
his  works.  Dr.  Drake's  memoir  prefixed  to  "Rambles  of  a 
Naturalist,"  Professor  Sewall's  "Introductory  Lecture,"  1830, 
Professor  Baxley's  "Introductory  Lecture,"  1837,  and  the  me- 
moir by  Dr.  T.  G.  Richardson,  in  "Lives  of  Eminent  American 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,"  by  Professor  Gross.) 

HORATIO  GATES  JAMESON,  M.D. 

Few  men  did  so  much  to  give  credit  to  early  American  Sur- 
gery as  Dr.  Horatio  Gates  Jameson,  who,  from  1820  to  1835 

779 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

or  '40,  carried  the  fame  of  Baltimore  as  a  seat  of  medical  and 
surgical  research  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  This  truly 
great  surgeon  was  a  native  of  York,  Pa.,  where  he  was  born 
in  the  year  1778.  His  father,  David  Jameson,  also  a  physician, 
had  a  most  interesting  and  adventurous  career.  A  native  of 
Scotland  and  graduate  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh,  he  emigrated  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  1740. 
He  was  accompanied  on  the  voyage  by  Dr.  Hugh  Mercer,  who 
settled  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  and  became  a  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral in  the  Continental  Army,  losing  his  life,  as  is  well  known, 
at  the  Battle  of  Princeton  in  1777.  Dr.  David  Jameson  also 
removed  from  Charleston  and  settled  at  York,  Pa. ;  he  died  at 
Shippensburg  in  the  same  State,  about  the  close  of  the  century. 
He  was  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  French  and  Indian  War 
and  was  badly  wounded  during  that  period  in  an  engagement 
with  the  Indians.  During  the  Revolution  he  was  Colonel  of 
the  Third  Battalion  of  York  County  Associators.*  In  184:2 
the  son  gave  a  charming  description  of  his  home  at  York,  in  a 
Baltimore  periodical;  also  an  account  of  his  father's  voyage 
across  the  Atlantic,  describing  among  its  hardships,  the  short 
allowance  of  musty  bread  and  foul  water  and  the  rusty  salt 
beef  doled  out  yet  consumed  by  crew  and  passengers  with 
avidity. 

Dr.  H.  G.  Jameson  studied  medicine  under  his  father  and 
began  practice  in  1795  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen.  On  the 
third  of  August,  1797,  he  married  Catherine  Shevell,  of  Somer- 
set County,  Pa.,  where  he  was  then  living.  By  her  he  had 
nine  children. t    After  his  marriage  he  resided  successively  in 


*  Pennsylvania  Archives. 

t  Cassandra,  Elizabeth,  Rush,  Catherine,  Alexander  Cobean,  David 
Davis,  Horatio  Gates  and  two  who  died  in  infancy.  His  sons  were  all 
physicians  and  died  early,  leaving  no  descendants.     There  are  descend- 

780 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Somerset  County,  Wheeling,  Adamstown,  Pa.,  and  Gettys- 
burg; removing  to  Baltimore  about  1810.  In  February,  1799, 
he  took  passage  at  Pittsburg  for  Wheeling,  where  he  spent  two 
years  and  he  has  left  an  interesting  account  c^f  his  voyage 
down  the  Ohio  and  of  his  professional  experience  in  the  back- 
woods during  this  period.* 

After  his  arrival  at  Baltimore,  he  attended  lectures  at  the 
Medical  College  and  graduated  in  1813  from  the  University  as 
Doctor  of  Medicine,  presenting  an  inaugural  thesis  on  "The 
Supposed  Powers  of  the  Uterus,"  pp.  17,  which  was  published 
in  accordance  with  the  custom  of  the  times.  About  this  time 
for  some  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  business  of  druggist  as 
well  as  physician,  as  we  find  the  titles  "druggist  and  apothe- 
cary, 16  North  Howard  Street,"  after  his  name  in  the  Directory 
of  1812  and  also  his  advertisement  as  "Chymical  Manufac- 
turer," in  the  Federal  Gazette  of  1815. 

During-  the  War  of  18 12  he  held  the  office  of  Surgeon  to  the 
United  States  troops  at  Baltimore,  for  which  service  his  window 
received  a  pension  after  his  death.  In  1817  he  published  two 
lectures  on  "Fevers  in  General,"  8vo,  pp.  48.  A  paragraph 
in  this  work  is  of  interest.  Speaking  of  John  Crav/ford's 
"Animalcular  Hypothesis,"  he  says :  "It  does  not  seem  to 
merit  notice,  yet  the  many  imperfections  and  diversities  of 
opinion  are  sufficient  *  *  *  to  humble  the  most  aspir- 
ing genius  into  a  cautious  reserve  how  he  attempts  to  trample 
on  opinions  supposed  to  be  exploded.  *  *  *  j  j^^y  safely 
say  that  with  our  present  knowledge  of  this  subject,  nothing 
can  be  said  of  any  practical  use." 


ants  of  his  daughters  at  York  and  elsewhere.  He  also  had  a  brother 
Thomas,  who  practiced  at  York  and  died  at  Baltimore  in  1838,  while  on 
a  visit  to  him. 

*  I\Iary land  Medical  Journal,  April  15  and  22,  1899. 

781 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  the  same  year  appeared  his  work,  entitled  "American 
Domestick  Medicine,  or  Medical  Admonisher,  containing 
some  Account  of  Anatomy,  the  Senses,  Diseases,  Casualties,  a 
Dispensatory  and  Glossary,  in  which  the  Observations  and 
Remarks  are  Adapted  to  the  Science  in  the  United  States. 
Designed  for  the  Use  of  Families.  Baltimore,  Lucas  &  Co., 
8vo,  pp.  i6i  (with  frontispiece)."  A  second  and  enlarged  edi- 
tion of  this  work  was  published  in  1818. 

He  was  Physician  to  the  City  Jail  for  several  years ;  from 
1814  to  1835  he  was  Surgeon  to  the  Baltimore  Hospital  and 
from  1821  to  1835  he  was  Consulting  Physician  to  the  Board 
of  Health. 

In  1827  he  joined  with  Drs.  Samuel  K.  Jennings,  William 
W.  Handy,  James  H.  Miller,  Samuel  Annan  and  John  W. 
Vethake,  in  founding  the  Washington  Medical  College,  the 
authority  being  derived  from  "Washington  College  of  Wash- 
ington, Pa."*  In  1833  an  independent  charter  was  obtained 
from  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  and  in  1839  authority  was 
obtained  from  the  same  source  giving  it  University  rank, 
with  departments  of  Literature,  Law  and  Divinity.  But  this 
aspiration  for  high  honors,  evidently  copied  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  was  never  realized,  the  medical  being  the 
only  department  ever  organized.  Of  the  Founders,  Jameson 
was  by  far  the  best  known.  His  fame  as  a  surgeon  gave  it 
immediate  respectability  and  secured  for  it  the  success  of  its 
earlier  years.  It  is  not  necessary  to  speculate  on  the  motives 
of  Jameson  in  founding  a  new  school  at  Baltimore.  The  jeal- 
ousy with  which  his  growing  fame  and  success  had  inspired 
the  leaders  in  the  old  school  precluded  any  hope  of  entrance 
there  and  left  no  other  means  for  the  gratification  of  his  very 
natural  ambition. 


*  The  date  of  the  authorization  was  April  25. 

782 


CHARLES  FRICK 

1823-1860. 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

A  building  was  secured  for  the  new  school  on  Holliday 
Street  just  north  of  Lexington,  and  the  introductory  lecture 
was  there  delivered  by  Jameson.  At  the  close  of  the  usual 
four  months'  session  "twelve  gentlemen  obtained  diplomas, 
having  previously  attended  other  medical  schools,  after  the 
usual  private  and  public  examinations." 

In  September,  1829,  Dr.  Jameson  began  the  publication  of 
a  quarterly  medical  journal,  entitled  the  Maryland  Medical 
Recorder,  "the  primary  object  of  which,"  he  stated,  was  "to 
collect  and  record  original  views  of  medical  subjects."  He 
declared  that  he  aimed  at  something  more  than  mere  compila- 
tion, and  asked  very  pertinently :  "Does  it  comport  with  the 
liberality  and  countenance  shown  by  the  State,  for  a  body  of 
six  hundred  educated  men  to  pass  through  life,  no  one  leaving 
any  memorial  of  his  existence,  other  than  ille  fidtf"  The  first 
number  opens  with  an  essay  on  typhus  fever  of  71  pages, 
"which  shows  great  care  in  its  preparation  and  is  a  worthy 
tribute  to  the  author's  talents  and  industry.  The  subject  is 
treated  in  a  masterly  way"  (Ashby).  In  another  paper  by  the 
author,  in  the  same  number,  dealing  with  tumors  of  the  upper 
jaw,  he  urges  the  imporance  of  an  early  diagnosis  and  the 
imperative  duty  of  early  removal.  In  most  cases  he  thinks 
that  ligation  of  one  carotid  is  sufficient,  but  when  the  tumor 
is  very  large  and  vascular,  or  strongly  resistant  to  the  caustic, 
both  should  be  tied. 

The  second  number  contains  five  original  articles  by  him. 
Three  volumes  of  this  periodical  were  published  altogether, 
the  third  being  a  semi-annual.  It  soon  became  apparent  that 
neither  the  necessary  literary  nor  pecuniary  support  was  con- 
tributed to  make  this  work  a  success,  and  with  the  number  for 
November,  1832,  it  ceased  its  existence,  as  N.  R.  Smith's  had 
50  783 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

done  in  the  previous  year.  Of  this  venture,  Dr.  Ashby  says : 
"This  journal  was  edited  with  energy  and  abiHty.  Its  editor 
had  enjoyed  over  thirty  years  of  large  and  successful  experi- 
ence as  a  writer,  teacher  and  practitioner.  He  was  a  man  of 
wide  and  varied  learning,  a  skillful  surgeon  and  graceful  writer. 
The  Recorder  was  an  honor,  and  its  suspension  a  serious  loss 
to  the  profession."* 

In  1830,  on  special  invitation,  he  visited  Europe,  sailing  by 
the  packet  running  from  this  port  to  Germany,  and  read  before 
the  medical  section  of  the  Society  of  German  Naturalists  and 
Physicians,  which  met  in  September  of  that  year  at  Hamburg, 
a  paper  on  the  "Non-contagiousness  of  Yellow  Fever."  He 
was  the  only  American  delegate  on  this  occasion  and  the  first 
American  to  attend  these  meetings  and  felt  deeply  the  honor 
of  his  position.  His  paper  was  read  in  translation  at  the  meet- 
ing and  was  published  on  his  return  in  his  journal.  During 
his  brief  stay  of  two  months  in  Europe,  he  traveled  through 
various  European  countries,  staying  longest  at  Copenhagen,  to 
the  American  representative  at  v/hich  city  he  bore  dispatches 
from  our  Government  at  Washington. 

In  July,  1832,  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  City  Vac- 
cination and  improved  the  vaccine  virus  in  use  by  repassing  it 
through  the  cow.  This  was  also  the  cholera  year  and  must 
have  been  a  period  of  great  strain  and  responsibility  to  Dr. 
Jameson  for  he  was  counselor  to  the  city  in  health  matters  and 
had  the  cholera  hospitals  under  his  charge  as  Consulting  Physi- 
cian. In  this  epidemic  he  lost  his  "promising  son"  David,  aged 
twenty  years. 

In  1835,  while  on  his  return  from  Texas,  where  he  had  pur- 
chased lands,  he  received  and  accepted  an  ofifer  of  a  Chair  and 


*  Transactions  of  1881. 

784 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  Presidency  in  the  Ohio  M'edical  Colleg-e  at  Cincinnati. 
His  colleagues  there  were  Drs.  Gross,  Drake,  Rives  and  J.  B. 
Rogers,  the  last  his  late  colleague  at  Baltimore.  He  removed 
thither  with  his  family  in  October,  1835,  and  lectured  during 
the  ensuing  session.  But  tHe  ill  health  of  his  wife  compelled 
him  to  return  in  March,  1836,  and  after  this  unfortunate  move 
he  resumed  his  practice  at  Baltimore,  but  he  never  attained  the 
influence  and  prominence  which  he  had  formerly  held  here. 
On  one  of  his  journeys  over  the  mountains  of  Western  Vir- 
ginia, he  was  severely  injured  by  the  upsetting  of  a  stage  and 
was  unable  to  rejoin  his  family  for  months.  His  wife  died  at 
Baltimore  in  the  fall  of  1837,  and  in  185 1  he  married  Mrs. 
Hannah  J.  D.  Ely,  a  widow.  In  1854  he  left  Baltimore  and 
moved  to  York  to  spend  his  last  days  amid  the  scenes  of  his 
childhood.  He  hoped  to  obtain  possession  of  his  paternal 
home  and  estate,  but  was  doomed  to  disappointment,  and  in 
the  following  year  the  old  homestead  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
After  a  short  stay  at  York  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
wrote  and  published  his  book  on  Cholera:  "A  Treatise  on 
Epidemic  Cholera,"  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1854,  pp.  286."  He 
anticipated  a  large  pecuniary  profit  from  the  sale  of  this  work 
as  it  represented  much  research  and  a  large  personal  experi- 
ence of  the  disease.  In  it  he  gave  a  detailed  account  of  the 
terrible  epidemic  of  1832  at  Baltimore  and  maintained  the  non- 
contagious nature  of  the  disease.  With  regard  to  the  treat- 
ment recommended,  it  was  "strictly  antiphlogistic — a  simple 
mild  antiphlogistic  treatment;  we  were  successful  in  propor- 
tion as  our  practice  was  milder  and  more  simplified."  He 
lost  but  one  patient  of  hundreds  treated  where  he  "had  the 
least  hope  of  saving  when  called  in."  It  was  during  a  visit 
to  New  York  for  the  purpose  of  disposing  of  this  book,  that 

785 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

he  was  taken  suddenly  ill  and  died  on  the  twenty-fourth  of 
August,  1855,  aged  "^6  years.  His  remains  were  brought  back 
to  Baltimore  and  interred  in  the  Baltimore  Cemetery,  corner 
of  Gay  Street  and  Boundary  Avenue.  His  widow  survived 
until  1884.  His  last  article,  "handed  in  by  its  venerable  author 
a  short  time  prior  to  his  death,"  was  published  in  the  Ameri- 
can Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  for  October,  1856. 

Dr.  Jameson  was  about  five  feet  ten  inches  in  height,  well 
built,  erect  and  muscular  but  not  corpulent ;  his  head  was  cov- 
ered with  a  sufficiency  of  snow-white  hair ;  his  face  was  always 
clean  shaven,  his  complexion  florid  and  healthy,  his  eyes  dark 
brown  and  piercing  and  surmounted  by  bushy  eyebrows,  his 
face  remarkably  smooth  and  free  from  wrinkles.  He  retained 
his  strength  and  power  of  endurance  to  the  last.  He  wore 
heavy — remarkably  heavy — gold  spectacles.  He  dressed  in 
black  with  a  black  tie,  and  was  very  careful  and  neat  in  his 
appearance — no  one  ever  saw  him  look  untidy.  He  spoke 
German  and  was  noted  for  his  mechanical  ingenuity. 

In  the  American  Medical  Recorder,  for  January,  1829,  there 
is  an  account  of  a  remarkable  trial  held  in  the  Baltimore  City 
Criminal  Court  in  the  spring  of  1828.  It  was  the  result  of  a 
suit  brought  by  Dr.  Jameson  against  Dr.  Frederick  E.  B. 
Hintze  for  defamation  of  character.  The  trouble  began  in 
the  winter  of  1825-26,  when  an  Association  composed  of  Drs. 
Jameson,  Bond,  Miller,  Handy,  Annan  and  James  H.  McCul- 
lough,  the  last  being  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Senate,  was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  new  medical  school  at 
Baltimore.  Dr.  Jameson  was  sent  to  Annapolis  to  procure  a 
charter  from  the  Legislature.  He  states  that  upon  his  arrival 
at  Annapolis,  he  was  shown  by  his  colleague  of  the  Senate,  a 
letter  from  Dr.  Potter,  in  which  the  latter  spoke  very  con- 
temptuously of  himself  and  associates.     A  few  days  later,  Drs. 

786 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Potter  and  DeButts  went  down  for  the  purpose  of  opposing- 
the  application,  when  a  controversy  ensued,  resulting  in  the 
publication  soon  after  of  a  scurrilous  pamphlet,  of  which  Mr. 
Duncan  Turnbull,  then  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  at  the  Uni- 
versity, was  the  avowed  author.  This  paper,  of  which  800 
copies  were  circulated  far  and  wide  among  the  profession  of 
the  United  States,  "represented  the  character  of  Jameson  in  a 
most  odious  light,  charging  the  grossest  ignorance,  malpractice 
and  cruelties  unheard  of."  Jameson  declared  that  he  had  never 
had  any  dealings  with  Turnbull,  and  that  the  latter  "had  no 
knowledge  of  the  cases  reported  by  him,  nor  had  he  ever  seen 
him  (Jameson)  operate."  The  cases  which  were  animadverted 
on  in  the  above-mentioned  pamphlet,  are  those  which  gave  Dr. 
Jameson  his  reputation  and  for  which  he  has  received  un- 
stinted praise  from  Professor  Gross  and  others,  colleagues  and 
successors,  both  able  to  distinguish  merit  and  to  acknowledge 
it  without  prejudice.  It  will  be  of  interest  to  look  into  the  de- 
tails given  of  these  cases. 

The  first  is  that  of  removal  of  the  upper  jaw  for  tumor — 
the  famous  case  of  Underwood — in  which  a  preliminary  liga- 
tion of  the  carotid  was  done.  It  had  been  under  the  care  of 
the  most  prominent  Baltimore  surgeons  for  many  months,  and 
also  under  Philadelphia  surgeons,  all  of  whom  had  declined  to 
operate,  pronouncing  it  beyond  relief.  It  was  the  first  time 
the  operation  had  ever  been  done.  It  was  of  this  case  that 
Professor  Gross  wrote:  "America  may  justly  claim  the  honor 
of  having  led  the  way  in  extirpations  of  the  upper  jaw.  Small 
portions,  it  is  true,  had  been  chipped  off  in  the  eighteenth  and 
even  in  the  seventeenth  century;  but  the  first  grand  and  diffi- 
cult operation  of  the  kind  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge 
was  performed  in  1820  by  Horatio  G.  Jameson,  of  Baltimore, 

787 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

who  took  away  nearly  the  entire  bone  on  one  side,  the  roof  of 
the  antrum  alone  being  left,  as  it  was  not  involved  in  the  dis- 
ease."* It  was  in  every  respect  a  success  and  Underwood 
was  in  good  health  at  the  time  of  the  trial.  The  pamphlet 
asserts  that  Jameson  deserved  very  little  credit  for  the  result, 
having  been  advised  by  others,  but  Jameson  amply  disproves 
this  by  the  certificates  of  those  concerned.  Speaking  of  the 
case  Jameson  says,  with  charming  modesty :  "1  believe  the 
treatment  adopted  in  his  case  was  peculiar,  when  viewed  in 
all  its  detail  and  merits  the  most  serious  attention." 

The  second  case  is  that  of  a  boy  on  whom  it  is  alleged  the 
operation  of  lithotomy  had  been  performed  but  no  stone  found, 
"a  thing,"  said  the  pamphlet,  "which  never  happened  to  any 
man  living.  Dr.  Jameson  excepted."  The  fact  was  that  on 
opening  the  bladder,  there  was  found  just  within  its  neck  a 
hard,  "fibro-cartilaginous"  tumor,  "about  the  size  of  a  small 
kidney-bean,"  on  passing  a  catheter  over  which,  a  grating  sen- 
sation was  experienced  by  the  operator,  simulating  that  caused 
by  a  staff  or  catheter  impinging  on  a  stone  in  the  bladder.  It 
was  not  thought  advisable  to  remove  this  little  growth  and 
the  boy  recovered  and  remained  well.  Jameson  furnishes  the 
certificate  of  Dr.  Dickson,  the  practitioner  who  assisted  on  the 
occasion,  to  the  truth  of  the  above  statement. 

The  third  case  is  that  of  a  strong,  robust  servant  woman, 
with  health  but  little  impaired,  suffering  from  "a.  scirrhus  of 
the  uterus."  The  case  had  been  pronounced  inoperable  by  a 
consultation  of  seven  or  eight  physicians  at  the  Infirmary,  on 
the  ground  that  the  disease  extended  to  neighboring  parts.  Dr. 
Jameson  removed  the  cervix  uteri  in  May,  1824,  and  Drs. 
Chatard  and  Handy,  who  witnessed  the  operation,  said  it  was 


*  "Centennial  of  American   Medicine,"  American  Journal  of  the 
Medical  Sciences ^  April,  1876. 

788 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

well  performed  and  as  they  believed  warrantable.  The 
woman  died  on  the  ninth  day,  and,  on  post-mortem  examina- 
tion, the  body  of  the  uterus  was  found  to  be  free  from  malig- 
nant disease,  while  the  ovaries  were  involved.  There  was 
also  inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  peritoneum. 

The  fourth  case  is  that  of  a  lady  from  the  Eastern  Shore 
with  a  large  tumor  on  the  neck,  the  nature  of  which  was  in 
doubt,  but  supposed  to  be  cystic.  In  consultation  with  Drs. 
Chatard,  Donaldson  and  Handy,  an  exploratory  incision  was 
agreed  on  with  extirpation  in  view  if  practicable.  The  dangers 
of  the  case  were  fully  explained  and  the  patient  expressed  her 
willingness  to  undergo  the  operation,  being  a  great  sufferer. 
An  incision  was  made  and  the  skin  was  dissected  back.  As 
no  important  nerves  or  blood  vessels  were  found  to  be  in- 
volved in  the  growth,  a  trocar  was  passed  into  the  mass ;  no 
fluid  escaped.  The  tumor  proved  unmanageable,  whereupon 
the  operation  was  suspended.  The  patient  died  on  the  second 
day  after.  A  post-mortem  examination,  made  by  Dr.  Handy, 
showed  that  the  mass,  "which  was  partly  osseous  and  partak- 
ing of  several  varieties  of  tumours,"  passed  down  into  the 
chest  and  pressed  upon  the  heart,  and  to  this  pressure  he  was 
disposed  to  ascribe  her  death.  The  physicians  for  the  defense 
laid  great  stress  on  the  impropriety  and  danger  of  using  the 
trocar,  but  the  condition  of  the  patient  seemed  desperate  at  the 
start  and  it  was  deemed  justifiable  under  the  circumstances  to 
attempt  relief  in  this  way.  Besides  there  was  no  positive  evi- 
dence that  the  trocar  had  hastened  her  death,  as  she  had 
neither  pain  nor  distress  for  thirty-six  hours  after  the  opera- 
tion. 

The  next  case  is  the  attempted  ovariotomy.     Mrs.  J.,  the 
mother  of  a  large  family,  had  been  dropsical  for  about  a  year, 

789 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

during  which  time  she  had  been  repeatedly  tapped  by  Drs. 
Jennings  and  Chatard.  The  former  pronounced  it  a  case  of 
ovarian  disease,  the  latter  one  of  ascites.  The  operation  had 
latterly  become  necessary  as  often  as  once  in  twelve  to  fifteen 
days  and  the  patient  was  much  emaciated.  Dr.  Jennings 
pronounced  the  case  hopeless  and  thought  she  could  not  sur- 
vive more  than  two  or  three  more  tappings.  The  husband 
continued  the  most  urgent  entreaties  that  something  should 
be  done,  and  Dr.  Jennings  then  told  him  that  "in  his  reading 
he  had  seen  cases  bearing  a  similarity  to  that  of  Mrs.  J.,  which 
had  been  relieved  by  surgical  operation."  When  this  was 
mentioned,  Mr.  J.'s  feelings  "revolted  so  much"  that  he  did 
not  speak  of  it  to  his  wife.  But  she  overheard  him  telling  it 
to  his  brother  and  urged  that  a  surgeon  should  be  called  in, 
as  "it  was  but  death  at  any  rate."  Thereupon  Dr.  Jameson 
saw  her  and  tapped  her  to  the  amount  of  three  or  four  gallons, 
when  a  tumor  of  considerable  size  was  seen  and  felt  lying  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen.  The  movability  of  this  tumor 
led  to  a  hope  that  it  might  be  pedunculated,  in  which  case  alone 
it  would  be  capable  of  removal.  She  was  told  that  an  operation 
if  undertaken  would  be  predicated  upon  some  three  or  four 
cases  nearly  similar  to  hers;  that  while  in  the  operation,  ab- 
stractly considered,  there  was  no  particular  danger,  in  her  con- 
dition there  must  necessarily  be  considerable  risk,  but  as  the 
case  was  hopeless  from  medical  treatment,  they  were  prepared 
to  undertake  the  operation  if  she  was  willing,  and  that  she  had 
better  take  time  to  think  the  matter  over.  In  a  few  days  she 
had  made  up  her  mind  to  have  it  done.  Accordingly  there  as- 
sembled at  the  house  Drs.  Jameson,  Jennings,  Chapman  and 
a  medical  student.  According  to  Dr.  Jennings'  testimony, 
the  operation  was  done  in  a  very  deliberate  and  skillful  man- 

790 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ner.     The  incision  was  commenced  a  little  above  the  umbili- 
cus and  continued  down  the  course  of  the  linea  alba  to  near 
the  pubis,  turning  a  little  around  the  navel.     The  first  incision 
extended  no  deeper  than  the  skin ;  then  the  tendinous  line  was 
carefully  opened  by  a  number  of  delicate  strokes  of  the  scalpel 
till  an  opening  was  made  and  a  finger  put  in  to  serve  as  a 
guide  to  the  knife  as  it  was  carried  downwards.     Then  the 
peritoneum  was  in  like  manner  opened  and  the  fingers  and 
knife  carried  down  to  the  end  of  the  wound.     Jameson  now 
took  the  handle  of  the  scalpel  to  try  the  amount  of  attachment, 
and  thus  a  hydatid,  of  which  there  were  many,  was  burst.  This 
gave  rise  to  the  necessity  of  putting  in  the  hand  two  or  three 
times  to  lift  out  some  glairy  fluid  which  had  escaped.     A  very 
small  quantity  of  blood  escaped  from  the  same  cause — not 
enough  to  endanger  the  patient's  life.     The  mass  was  not  cut 
into  or  any  part  of  it  removed,  as  stated  in  the  pamphlet. 
The  ovarian  sac  was  not  opened  and  there  was  no  ovarian 
dropsy,  but  the  ovary  formed  a  large  tumor,  above  which  and 
attached  to  it  was  seen  a  great  number  of  hydatids.     During 
this  period  the  operator  was  cool,  steady  and  undismayed  and 
treated  the  patient  with  all  possible  gentleness.     While  the 
operation  was  in  progress  the  patient  became  extremely  weak 
and  her  pulse  feeble,  whereupon,  it  being  evident  that  the 
tumor  could  not  be  removed,  it  was  suspended,  the  wound 
was  dressed  and  the  patient  put  back  in  bed.     The  physicians 
then  took  leave,  but  as  they  were  going  out,  the  patient  sent 
for  Dr.  Jennings  and  asked  permission  to  turn  upon  her  left 
side.     As  she  was  doing  this,  she  felt  a  fluid  running  out  of 
the  wound  and  called  out  in  great  alarm  that  she  was  bleeding 
to  death.     On  turning  down  the  bed-clothes  it  was  found  to 
be  only  water  a  little  bloody.     The  patient  went  quickly  into  a 
swoon  and  died  shortly  after. 

791 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

The  autopsy  by  Dr.  Jennings  showed  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  water  in  the  abdomen ;  the  ovary  formed  a  great,  sohd 
tumor,  above  which  and  attached  to  it  was  seen  a  great  num- 
ber of  hydatids,  the  opening  of  one  of  which  had  caused  the 
discharge  of  the  fluid.  "It  will  follow  then,"  says  Jameson, 
"as  there  was  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  in  the  abdomen, 
that  there  was  a  space  between  the  peritoneum  and  the 
tumor  filled  with  water,  and  hence  it  was  that  as  soon  as 
the  cavity  was  opened  a  great  deal  of  water  escaped."  Ac- 
cording to  the  pamphlet  (disproved  on  the  trial)  this  woman 
was  "happily  seated"  at  the  table  with  her  children  but  a  few 
minutes  before,  and  her  children  "followed  the  operator  as  he 
fled  from  the  house,  shouting  *****  *_"  These 
asterisks  were  taken  by  the  jury  to  mean  "murder." 

Other  interesting  operations  were  commented  upon  with 
the  same  severity,  and,  as  shown  by  the  testimony,  with  the 
same  disregard  of  facts.  Jameson  took  no  notice  of  the 
pamphlet  of  Turnbull,  but  early  in  1828  it  was  republished 
by  Dr.  Hintze  with  a  short  appendix,  500  copies  being  circu- 
lated. Urged  by  his  friends  no  longer  to  ignore  so  "foul  a 
calumny,"  the  suit  was  instituted. 

The  result  of  this  trial  was  a  complete  vindication  of  Jame- 
son, It  was  shown  in  the  clearest  manner  that  the  pamphlet 
was  full  of  misrepresentations  and  that  Turnbull  knew  nothing 
personally  of  the  operations  which  he  criticised  so  severely, 
basing  all  his  charges  on  hearsay.  As  Jameson  said,  and  as 
was  shown  conclusively,  "these  most  cruel  attempts  to  involve 
[him]  in  ruin  emanated  entirely  from  professional  sources." 
He  was  fully  justified  in  regarding  Turnbull  as  but  the  mouth- 
piece of  others  who  had  joined  in  the  efifort  to  injure  and  de- 
stroy his  professional  reputation.     The  whole  thing  originated 

792 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

in  the  jealousy  over  Jameson's  rising  reputation  as  a  surgeon 
and  his  efforts  to  found  a  new  school  at  Baltimore.  As  he 
shows,  not  one  of  the  operations  which  were  condemned  were 
attempted  without  prior  consultation  with  physicians  of  the 
first  standing.  Dr.  Hintze  was  fined  $50,  which  cannot  but 
be  considered  a  singularly  fortunate  escape  on  his  part.  Ac- 
cording to  Jameson,  Hintze  had  assigned  away  his  property  to 
avoid  the  resuh  of  a  decision  against  him. 

Many  of  Jameson's  operations  were  published,  chiefly  in 
the  American  Medical  Recorder  and  in  his  own  journal.     His 
greatest,  the  upper  jaw  extirpation,  done  November  11,  1820, 
appeared  in  the  former,  January,  1821,  with  a  picture  of  the 
patient    just    before    operation.     Extirpation    was    proposed 
by  him  when  the  man  was  seen  in  1819,  but  declined.     In 
the  preliminary  ligation   of  the   carotid  artery  a   fawn   silk 
ligature  was  used  and  cut  off  close,  the  wound  being  then 
closed.     He  reduced  a   dislocation  of  the   shoulder  joint  of 
twelve  weeks'  standing  in  1812  by  manipulation  and  in  1825 
one  of  five  months  and  nineteen  days  by  the  use  of  pulleys. 
In  May,  1821,  he  ligated  the  external  iliac  artery  for  aneurism. 
The  patient  died  on  the  ninth  day.     On  September  2,  1822, 
he  performed  tracheotomy  successfully  for  the  removal  of  a 
watermelon  seed  from  the  windpipe.     In   1824  he  published 
an  essay  on  stricture  of  the  urethra  and  its  treatment  by  dilata- 
tion.    He  also  published  an  essay  on  "The  Surgical  Anatomy 
of  the  Neck,"  and  another  on  "The  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the 
Parts  Concerned  in  the  Operation  of  Tying  the  Arteria  In- 
nominata,    illustrated."     In    January,    1827,    his    great    prize 
essay,   entitled   "Observations   upon   Traumatic   Hemorrhage, 
Illustrated  by  Experiments  upon  Living  Animals,"  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Medical  Recorder.     This  exhaustive  research,  car- 

793 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ried  out  on  sheep  and  dogs,  and  bearing  the  motto  "non  res 
fallaces,  sed  res  probatce,"  shows  the  value  of  animal  ligatures, 
introduced  by  Physick  in  1814  and  employed  by  Astley 
Cooper  in  1817.  Jameson  had  been  using  them  for  six  or  seven 
years  and  preferred  buckskin.  Up  to  date  he  had  employed 
them  in  many  amputations  of  limbs  and  mammae,  once  in  tying 
the  carotid,  once  in  tying  the  external  iliac,  twice  in  tying  the 
femoral,  once  in  tying  the  posterior  tibial,  seven  times  in 
tying  the  spermatic ;  in  no  instance  had  he  had  a  ligature  to 
slip,  in  none  was  there  secondary  hemorrhage.  He  had  never 
seen  anything  of  the  ligatures  after  operations,  and  generally 
got  healing  by  first  intention.  He  wrote  an  article  on  stricture 
of  the  oesophagus,  with  illustrations  of  the  probes  or  sounds 
which  he  employed,  which  was  published  in  the  American 
Medical  Recorder,  1825,  and  reproduced  in  full  in  the  American 
edition  of  "Cooper's  Surgery"  in  October,  1828.  He  pro- 
posed a  new  method  of  treating  extensive  fistulse  in  the 
American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences  for  July,  1854.  In 
July,  1820,  he  published  in  the  Recorder  an  article,  entitled 
"Observations  on  the  Parts  concerned  in  Lithotoimy,"  which 
was  intended  to  prove  that  Mr.  Pattison's  idea  of  a  Prostatic 
Fascia  was  erroneous.  "This  research  was  incidental"  to  a 
course  of  dissection,  "designed  to  revive  his  recollections  of 
anatomy  generally,"  and  is  a  good  example  of  his  thorough 
and  laborious  work.  By  the  most  minute  dissection  he 
proved  that  there  was  no  such  thing  as  "a  Prostatic  Fascia," 
and  hence  that  Mr.  Pattison's  premises  and  practical  infer- 
ences drawn  therefrom,  from  which  their  author  expected  so 
much,  were  erroneous.  He  also  wrote  upon  lithotomy,  ex- 
traction of  displaced  lens,  removal  of  tumor  of  the  orbit, 
hernia,  fistula  in  ano,  stricture  of  rectum,  aneurism,  yellow 

794 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

fever,  cholera,  and  other  subjects.  Dr.  Gross  mentions  him 
as  particularly  conspicuous  in  devising-  procedures  for  the 
radical  cure  of  hernia.  His  operation  of  amputation  of  the 
cervix  uteri  for  scirrhus,  performed  in  May,  1824,  has  been  re- 
ferred to.  It  was  the  first  done  in  Great  Britain  or  America, 
but  had  been  done  in  Europe  by  Osiander  in  1801  and  Lis- 
franc  in  1816.  It  was  Jameson's  intention  in  this  case  to  per- 
form a  vaginal  hysterectomy.  From  the  normal  mobility  of 
the  uterus  he  believed  he  would  be  able  to  draw  the  uterus 
down  low  enough  to  enable  him  to  pass  a  ligature  behind  it 
by  means  of  a  double  canula  and  wire.  But  he  failed  to  get  his 
toothed  forceps  into  the  uterine  cavity,  or  even  to  get  a  curved 
needle,  armed  with  a  ligature,  through  the  indurated  cervix, 
and  had  to  be  content  with  pulling  upon  the  vagina  with  ten- 
acula  and  thus  bringing  the  os  into  view.  He  believed  in 
bleeding  and  antiphlogistic  methods  fully. 

DR.  GEORGE  FRICK. 

Among  the  few  who  devoted  themselves  to  the  practice  of 
ophthalmology  in  Maryland  during  the  first  half  of  the  nine- 
teenth century.  Dr.  George  Frick,  of  Baltimore,  was  by  far 
the  most  distinguished.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said,  without  dis- 
paragement to  the  eminent  specialists  who  have  cultivated  this 
department  in  recent  years,  that  no  Maryland  physician  has 
ever  held  so  unique  a  position  in  it  as  he.  For  his  distinction 
lay  not  only  in  the  value  of  his  writings,  but  in  the  fact  that  he 
was  the  author  of  the  first  work  on  Ophthalmology  published 
in  America. 

Dr.  Frick  was  a  man  of  fine  culture,  graduating  in  medicine 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1815,  and  spending  sev- 
eral years  abroad  from  about  1816  to  1819,  studying  his  spec- 

795 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ialty  in  the  various  hospitals  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Conti- 
nent of  Europe.  He  particularly  familiarized  himself  with 
the  practice  of  the  Germans,  who  excelled  then  as  since  in  this 
branch  of  medical  science,  and  especially  of  Prof.  George 
Joseph  Beer,  the  highest  authority  of  the  day  in  Europe. 
During  a  prolonged  stay  at  Vienna  he  was  the  recipient  of 
much  hospitality  from  this  great  teacher  and  enjoyed  free 
intercourse  with  him.*  Returning  to  Baltimore  about  1819, 
he  entered  with  enthusiasm  upon  the  special  branch  of  work 
which  he  had  selected.  He  became  Clinical  Lecturer  at  the 
Maryland  Hospital  and  Ophthalmic  Surgeon  to  the  Baltimore 
General  Dispensary.  On  the  opening  of  the  Baltimore  In- 
firmary, the  hospital  attached  to  the  University  of  Maryland 
in  the  fall  of  1823,  one  of  the  four  wards,  of  which  it  consisted, 
"was  reserved  for  eye  cases,  instruction  in  ophthalmic  surgery 
forming  a  prominent  feature  in  the  course."  As  Dr.  Harry 
Friedenwald  remarks  in  his  interesting  paper  on  "The  Early 
History  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology  in  Baltimore  (1800- 
1850),"  "this  was  the  period  of  Dr.  Prick's  greatest  activity, 
and  it  is  possible  that  the  prominence  given  to  ophthalmology 
in  that  institution  was  due  to  him,  he  being  the  Clinical  Lec- 


*  George  Joseph  Beer  was  born  at  Vienna,  December  23,  1763,  and 
died  there  April  11,  1821.  He  graduated  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  1786 
and  soon  became  distinguished  as  an  ophthalmologist,  attracting  young 
men  of  talent  from  many  quarters,  among  whom  were  Graefe,  Jager, 
Langenbeck,  Chelius,  and  others.  A  special  Chair  of  Ophthalmology 
was  founded  for  him  at  Vienna  in  1812.  An  end  was  put  to  his  work  by 
a  severe  stroke  of  apoplexy  in  1819.  His  great  work  was  his  "Lehre 
von  der  Augenkrankheiten,"  etc.,  2  vols.,  first  edition,  1797;  second, 
1813.  Hirsch  speaks  of  him  as  "the  most  distinguished  representative 
of  modern  ophthalmology — a  Coryphaeus  of  Ophthalmology."  Frick 
speaks  of  his  "Lehre"  in  these  terms:  "For  comprehensiveness  of 
design,  accuracy  of  observation  and  delicate  discrimination,  this  work 
stands  unrivaled  in  any  language." 

796 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

turer  on  that  subject."*  This  appears  almost  certain  if  the 
arrangement  was  actually  carried  out,  as  he  was  the  only  per- 
son here  at  that  time  capable  of  filling  such  a  position.  But 
we  lack  the  evidence  that  it  was  accomplished. 

Besides  his  special  interest  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Dr.  Frick 
held  an  appointment  as  Vaccine  Physician  from  1821  to  1823, 
the  city  having  in  the  former  year,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  created  such  an  office 
in  each  ward.  He  was  much  interested  in  scientific  studies, 
and  with  Drs.  Jules  T.  Ducatel,  George  Williamson  and 
Patrick  Macaulay  founded  in  18 19  the  Maryland  Academy  of 
Science,  of  which  he  was  librarian  in  1824  and  curator  in  1836.! 
This  society  embraced  in  its  membership  most  of  the  scholars 
of  Baltimore  and  its  reputation  extended  beyond  the  limits  of 
the  State.  Silliinan's  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts  speaks  of  it 
as  "standing  prominent  among  associations  of  a  like  nature, 
and  its  memoirs  constitute  an  important  item  in  our  scientific 
history."  He  held  the  Chair  of  Natural  History  in  the  School 
of  Arts  and  Sciences  of  the  University  of  Maryland  on  its 
organization  in  1830.  He  was  also  much  devoted  to  music 
and  himself  a  musician.  He  was  Recording  Secretary  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  from  1821  to  1826. 

"He  was  unfortunate  in  growing  very  deaf  before  middle 
life  and  it  is  probable  that  this  interfered  greatly  with  his  prac- 
tice of  medicine ;  for  somewhere  about  1840  he  entirely  relin- 
quished it  and  left  Baltimore  to  spend  most  of  his  time  in 


*  Bulletin  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  August-September,  1897. 

tl  think  we  are  justified  in  considering  as  one  continuous  organiza- 
tion, the  little  coterie,  which  met  "in  a  room  over  a  stable  in  rear  of  the 
northwest  corner  of  Lexington  and  St.  Paul  Streets,"  in  1819,  and  the 
Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and  Literature,  which  was  organized  in 
1822  with  Rev.  L.  H.  Girardin,  as  President,  and  reorganized  and  incor- 
porated in  1826. 

797 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Europe,  paying  occasional  visits  to  this  country.  He  was  a 
man  of  very  retiring  and  modest  character  and  of  kind  dispo- 
sition. He  was  a  careful  scientific  student  and  his  work  and 
writings  deserve  high  praise"  (Friedenwald).  He  died  at 
Dresden,  unmarried,  March  26,  1870,  aged  'j'j. 

The  date  of  Dr.  Frick's  admission  to  the  Faculty,  as  shown 
by  his  Certificate  of  Membership  in  the  possession  of  the  latter, 
is  April,  1816,  and  it  is  signed  by  Robert  Moore  as  "Prseses" 
and  John  Arnest  as  "Scriba."  It  is  quite  evident  that  this 
diploma  was  issued  some  years  after  this  date,  probably  sub- 
sequent to  1821,  and  dated  back.  Dr.  Moore  did  not  become 
President  until  1820  and  this  is  the  new  form  of  certificate,  at 
present  in  use,  which  did  not  supplant  the  old  one  until  cer- 
tainly during  or  after  1821.  Besides  the  place  for  the  names 
of  the  examiners,  "perquisitores,"  is  blank  in  it.  Dr.  Frick's 
departure  for  Europe  within  a  short  time  after  his  graduation 
in  181 5  doubtless  accounts  for  the  delay  in  issuing  it. 

Dr.  Frick's  graduating  thesis  was  "On  the  Meloe  Vesica- 
torium."  Dr.  Quinan  refers  to  a  paper  "On  the  Senses"  read 
before  the  Medical  Society  of  Maryland  in  1821,  and  in 
Hirsch's  Biographical  Lexicon,  in  a  notice  of  Dr.  Frick,  refer- 
ence is  made  to  an  extract  from  an  article  of  his  on  "Men- 
schenblattern  in  Baltimore,"  contained  in  the  Med.  Chir.  Ztg. 
(published  at  Innsbruck),  in  1822.  Neither  of  these  writings  is 
now  accessible.  Dr.  Frick's  journal  articles  on  the  eye  appear 
to  have  been  embodied  in  his  manual  and  do  ndt  call  for  sepa- 
rate notice. 

The  title  of  this  work  is  "A  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  the 
Eye,  including  the  Doctrines  and  Practice  of  the  Most  Emi- 
nent Modern  Surgeons,  and  Particularly  those  of  Professor 
Beer.     By    George    Frick,    M.D.,  k\  of  H,  Ophthalmic    Sur- 

798 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

geon  to  the  Baltimore  General  Dispensary.  With  an  Engrav- 
ing, Baltimore.  Published  by  Fielding  Lucas,  Jun.  John 
D.  Toy,  Printer.  1823."  It  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  Philip  Syng 
Physick,  "by  his  faithful  Friend  and  Servant,  the  Author,"  and 
contains  333  pages,  including  introduction  and  contents. 

In  his  introduction  he  says  that  his  volume  is  little  more 
than  the  abstract  of  a  course  of  lectures  which  he  had  prepared, 
the  results  of  his  observations  abroad  and  at  the  General  Dis- 
pensary. It  is  intended  simply  as  a  manual  for  those  entering 
upon  the  study  of  the  subject  and  he  makes  no  claim  to  its 
being  an  elaborate  or  systematic  treatise.  It  had  been  his 
intention  at  first  to  publish  a  simple  translation  of  Professor 
Beer's  work,  but  while  abandoning  this  design  he  had  used 
it  as  a  basis  for  his  own,  selecting  freely  from  it,  but  adding 
what  was  most  important  in  the  experience  and  practice  of 
others,  with  observations  of  his  own.  The  plan  of  the  work 
was  founded  on  the  variety  of  textures  entering  into  the  struc- 
ture of  the  eye  and  comprised  four  divisions  :  (i)  inflammations, 
(2)  sequelae  of  these,  (3)  diseases  of  the  appendages,  (4)  dis- 
eases attacking  several  of  the  tissues  simultaneously.  While 
acknowledging  this  arrangement  to  be  open  to  objection,  he 
considered  it  the  most  simple  and  natural  that  could  be 
adopted. 

Dr.  Frick  justifies  the  publishing  of  his  work  by  the  urgent 
need  of  it  and  the  increasing  importance  of  the  subject.  There 
was  then  no  work  on  the  eye  accessible  in  English  but  that  of 
Saunders,  which  considered  only  a  few  diseases  of  the  organ 
and  was  designed  to  make  known  some  improvements  and 
original  discoveries  of  the  author.  The  slow  progress  of 
ophthalmology,  especially  in  America,  he  attributed  to  the 
neglect  of  it  by  the  profession,  who  left  it  exclusively  to  the 
oculists. 

61  799 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Elaborate  reviews  of  Dr.  Prick's  work  appeared  in  The 
Philadelphia  Journal  of  the  Medical  and  Physical  Sciences,  vol. 
ix,  No.  1 8,  and  in  the  American  Medical  Recorder.  The 
former  is  signed  by  Isaac  Hays  and  is  eighteen  pages  in 
length.  "The  author,"  he  says,  "evidently  possesses  a  culti- 
vated and  well-disciplined  mind ;  he  appears  to  be  intimately 
familiar  with  the  German  writers,  and  we  feel  much  indebted 
to  him  for  making  us  acquainted  with  their  writings."  But 
while  Dr.  Hays  considers  this  work  as  a  most  useful  one  for 
beginners,  he  thinks  the  profession  needs  a  more  elaborate 
work  and  hopes  that  the  author  will  execute  the  design  he  first 
entertained  of  translating  Professor  Beer's  work  entire.  He 
speaks  of  eye  infirmaries  in  New  York  City  and  Philadelphia, 
the  former  in  a  flourishing  condition,  the  latter  in  a  languish- 
ing one.  The  second  review  consists  of  thirty-four  pages  and 
is  signed  by  "A."  It  quotes  page  after  page  of  Prick's  book 
and  is  very  complimentary.  It  speaks  of  the  fine  descriptions 
of  symptoms  and  says:  "Throughout  the  whole  book  is  dis- 
played a  disciplined  and  extremely  well-read  mind ;  the  author 
is  perfectly  conversant  with  the  subject  on  which  he  treats,  and 
displays  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  practice  and  writings  of 
the  most  celebrated  ancient  and  modern  ophthalmic  surgeons 
of  England,  Prance,  Germany  and  Italy,  and  very  much  to  his 
credit  and  value  of  his  production,  he  has  not  servilely  adopted 
any  of  their  opinions,  but  such  as  have  been  confirmed  by  ob- 
servation and  experience.  In  all  doubtful  cases  he  gives  his 
readers  the  opinions  of  the  most  approved  authors,  compares 
them  with  each  other  and  then  draws  his  own  conclusions.  To 
students  and  young  practitioners  this  method  enhances  the 
value  of  the  book  greatly,  as  they  are  too  often  left  in  doubt 
what  course  to  pursue  in  some  of  the  most  important  and  per- 

800 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

plexing  cases.  This  work  comprehends  a  very  complete  and 
distinct  account  of  all  the  principal  diseases  to  which  the 
human  eye  is  subject."  The  section  on  conjunctivitis  speaks 
of  the  "extremely  precise  and  correct  distinctions  and  the  rem- 
edial precepts  founded  upon  them,"  as  constituting  a  strong 
evidence  of  the  author's  profound  knowledge  and  skill.  "Most 
surgeons  treat  all  the  above  species  of  ophthalmia  pretty  much 
in  the  same  way,  and,  indeed,  very  few  ever  think  it  necessary 
to  descend  to  such  minutiae;  but  we  apprehend  that  most  of 
them,  after  perusing  our  author's  remarks  attentively,  will  allow 
the  necessity  of  separating  the  various  species  and  of  applying 
a  different  treatment  to  each,  according  to  its  own  peculiar 
nature.  The  almost  general  neglect  of  care  in  the  treatment  of 
conjunctival  inflammation  has  doomed  many  of  our  fellow- 
beings  to  total  blindness,  and  rendered  many  curable  c?ses 
entirely  unmanageable."  The  reviewer  points  out  that  many 
excellent  surgeons  doubt  the  existence  of  a  gonorrhoeal  oph- 
thalmia, and  that  Frick  himself  had  never  seen  a  case  of  it, 
although  he  had  visited  for  several  years  the  principal  eye  in- 
firmaries and  hospitals  of  Europe.  Nevertheless,  Frick  believes 
that  it  does  exist  with  very  great  rarity,  as  proven  by  reports  of 
cases  by  Swediaur,  Beer,  Scarpa  and  Vetch,  and  had  therefore 
given  a  very  excellent  description  of  it,  accompanied  with  much 
philosophical  reasoning.  The  whole  review  is  extremely  eulo- 
gistic, much  more  than  Hays',  and  concludes  as  follows :  "We 
cannot  take  leave  of  the  book  under  our  notice  without  offer- 
ing the  humble  tribute  of  our  thanks  to  the  author  for  the 
benefits  which  he  has  conferred  on  the  profession  generally  by 
presenting  them  with  a  volume  of  great  value  and  utility  and 
one  which  was  much  wanted.  As  a  manual  of  the  diseases  of 
the  eye  we  believe  it  to  be  the  best  which  has  been  published. 

8oi 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

It  contains  all  the  improvements  which  have  enriched  ophthal- 
mic surgery  in  such  a  surprising  degree  within  a  few  years 
past,  and  the  author  has  spared  no  pains  to  make  his  work 
a  valuable  treasure  for  study  as  well  as  reference,  thereby  ren- 
dering it  equally  useful,  both  for  the  practitioner  and  the  stu- 
dent." 

The  work  of  Dr.  Frick  was  also  well  received  abroad. 
Hirsch,  in  his  "History  of  Ophthalmology,"  speaks  of  Frick 
as  "the  Apostle  of  the  Ophthalmological  School  of  Vienna  in 
North  America."  So  highly  esteemed  was  it  in  England  that 
an  English  surgeon,  Richard  Welbank,  a  member  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Surgeons  and  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Society  of  London,  republished  it  at  London  in  1826,  adding 
numerous  foot-noteS;,  but  leaving  the  text  unchanged.  He 
dedicated  it  to  the  eminent  ophthalmologist,  William  Law- 
rence. 

Dr.  Frick's  manual  was  among  the  books  required  to  be  read 
by  students  in  1825  before  they  could  become  eligible  for  ex- 
amination for  license  by  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty. 
For  a  number  of  years  it  remained  alone  in  American  Ophthal- 
mology. It  is  frequently  quoted  in  the  American  edition  of 
"Cooper's  Surgery." 

The  picture  of  Dr.  Frick  accompanying  this  sketch  is  from 
one  belonging  to  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  re- 
cently presented  by  his  relatives,  together  with  a  case  of  his 
instruments, 

WILLIAM  GIBSON,  M.D. 

Among  the  great  surgeons  of  the  century  just  passed  Dr. 
William  Gibson  holds  a  high  rank.  He  was  born  at  Balti- 
more, a  twin,  March  14,  1788.  He  received  a  classical  educa- 
tion at  St.  John's  College,  Annapolis,  and  at  Princeton,  but 

802 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

did  not  complete  the  course  at  either.  He  began  the  study  of 
medicine  under  Dr.  John  Owen,  of  Baltimore,  and  attended 
the  session  of  1806-07  at  the  University  of  Pennslyvania.  He 
then  went  abroad,  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh and  graduated  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  that  institu- 
tion in  1809,  presenting  an  inaugural  thesis,  entitled  "De  Forma 
Ossium  Gentilitia."  This  work,  based  upon  researches  carried 
on  in  the  Monro  Museum  to  determine  the  racial  differences 
in  the  human  skeleton,  brought  him  much  credit  and  pointed 
him  out  as  a  young  man  of  great  promise.  In  later  life  he 
received  from  his  alma  mater  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
From  Edinburgh  he  repaired  to  London  and  was  fortunate 
enough  to  see  there  many  of  the  English  soldiers  who  had 
been  wounded  in  the  Battle  of  Corunna,  in  Spain.  At  this 
time  he  formed  a  friendship  with  the  celebrated  Charles  Bell, 
who  had  charge  of  the  wounded  soldiers,  and  became  a  mem- 
ber of  his  household  and  his  private  pupil.  At  this  time  he 
also  attended  the  lectures  of  Abernethy  and  Sir  Astley  Cooper. 
In  1810,  after  an  absence  abroad  of  three  years,  he  returned 
to  Baltimore  and  entered  upon  practice.  In  1812,  during  the 
riots  at  Baltimore,  he  ligated  the  common  iliac  artery  for  the 
arrest  of  hemorrhage  caused  by  a  gunshot  wound  of  the  abdo- 
men. Two  convolutions  of  intestines  were  wounded,  and  each 
opening  was  closed  with  a  ligature  and  returned.  Although 
death  occurred  on  the  fifteenth  day  from  "ulceration  of  the 
artery  and  peritoneal  inflammation,"  this  case  established  his 
reputation  as  a  surgeon,  being  the  first  on  record,*  and  in  the 
same  year  Dr.  Gibson  was  elected  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the 
University  of  Maryland.  In  1814  he  brought  out  an  Ameri- 
can edition  of  "Dr.  Charles  Bell's  System  of  Dissections,"  2 


*  See  American  Medical  Recorder,  iii,  p.  185. 

803 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

vols.,  Baltimore,  i2mo,  "dedicated  to  the  gentlemen  attending 
the  University  of  Maryland."  During  the  War  with  England, 
1812-14,  he  held  a  surgeoncy  in  the  Maryland  Militia.  In  1814 
he  went  again  to  Europe,  and  happening  to  be  traveling  in  the 
vicinity  was  present  at  the  Battle  of  Waterloo  and  was  there 
slightly  wounded.  From  1818-19  he  was  one  of  the  Physi- 
cians to  the  Baltimiore  General  Dispensary.  In  1819  a  va- 
cancy occurred  in  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania by  the  death  of  Prof.  John  Syng  Dorsey.  Dr.  Gibson 
was  offered  the  Chair  of  Anatomy  thus  vacated,  but  would 
only  accept  the  Chair  of  Surgery.  So  great  was  his  reputa- 
tion and  influence  that  the  Trustees  transferred .  Professor 
Physick,  the  incumbent  and  founder  of  the  Chair  of  Surgery, 
against  his  wishes,  to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy  and  made  Dr. 
Gibson  the  Professor  of  Surgery.  This  seems  the  more  singu- 
lar because  Dr.  Physick  was  then  at  the  zenith  of  his  fame  and 
was  known  as  the  "Father  of  American  Surgery."  Dr.  Gib- 
son held  this  Chair  continuously  until  1855,  when,  having 
acquired  a  fortune,  he  retired  and  was  appointed  Emeritus 
Professor, 

In  this  position  Dr.  Gibson  sustained  and  increased  the 
reputation  of  his  earlier  years.  He  is  described  as  a  clear, 
agreeable  and  emphatic  lecturer,  with  a  distinct  and  melodious 
voice,  well-chosen  language  and  an  attractive  style  of  enun- 
ciation. His  demonstrations  of  surgical  anatomy  were  simple 
and  easily  comprehended,  those  relating  to  the  neck,  hernia 
and  lithotomy  being  especially  good.  He  had  a  large  collec- 
tion of  models,  casts,  pictures,  bones,  tumors,  apparatus,  etc., 
many  of  his  own  preparation,  with  which  to  illustrate  his  lec- 
tures. 

As  an  operator  he  was  rapid  and  dexterous.  Many  of  his 
cases  and  operations  are  on  record.     He  possessed  great  me- 

804 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

chanical  ingenuity,  being  a  fine  artist  and  skillful  worker  in 
wax.  At  the  age  of  eighty  he  still  worked  in  his  shop.  He 
painted,  knew  how  to  stuff  birds  and  played  upon  several  musi- 
cal instruments,  especially  the  violin.  He  was  very  fond  of  fish- 
ing. He  retained  throughout  life  a  strong  taste  for  the  classics, 
and  in  his  old  age  used  to  repeat  three  hundred  lines  of  Vergil 
from  memory.  He  kept  a  daily  journal  for  over  sixty  years, 
which  at  his  death  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  volumes. 
In  religion  he  adhered  to  the  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  twice 
married  and  had  several  children  by  each  wife.  One  of  his 
sons,  named  after  his  friend.  Sir  Charles  Bell,  became  a  distin- 
guished Surgeon  and  Professor  in  the  Washington  University 
of  Baltimore  and  the  Richmond  Medical  College. 

On  retiring  from  his  Chair  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania he  removed  to  Newport,  R.  I.,  where  he  spent  his  latter 
years.  He  died  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  while  on  a  visit  to  the  South, 
on  the  second  of  March,  1868,  aged  eighty  years. 

In  person  Dr.  Gibson  is  represented  to  have  been  about  five 
feet  nine  inches  in  height,  heavily  built,  weighing  about  160 
pounds,  with  a  broad  round  face  and  ruddy  complexion,  very 
vain  of  his  personal  appearance  and  more  so  of  his  reputation 
as  a  surgeon  and  teacher.  Dr.  Ashhurst  describes  him  as 
"walking  into  the  amphitheatre,  gloves  and  riding-whip  in 
hand,  having  just  ridden  in  from  his  country  home  to  meet  his 
class,  and,  after  lecturing  with  all  his  accustomed  force  and 
vigor,  riding  back  again  to  enjoy  his  rural  repose."*  Dr. 
Busey  tells  how,  after  a  summer  spent  in  Europe,  "he  returned 
late  in  the  autumn  of  1847  with  a  large  outfit  of  broadly  striped 
waistcoats  and  trousers  to  match,  which  he  wore  on  successive 
lecture  days  until  he  had  exhibited  to  the  class  the  entire  ward- 


*  Proceedings  of  College  of  Physicians,  1887. 

805 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

robe  of  the  latest  Englisli  fashionable  wearing  apparel.  The 
class  received  him  every  day  during  these  successive  dress 
exhibitions  with  prolonged  rounds  of  applause,  which  he  attri- 
buted to  their  personal  admiration  and  received  with  profound 
gratitude.  His  fancy  clothes  were  a  startling  departure  from 
the  professional  style  of  dress  in  vogue  at  the  University  at  that 
period."* 

Besides  the  works  already  mentioned  Dr.  Gibson  published 
many  articles  in  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 
In  1824  appeared  his  "Institutes  and  Practice  of  Surgery,"  a 
work  in  two  volumes,  octavo,  being  "Outlines  of  a  Course  of 
Lectures."  This  work  which  was  marked  for  its  excellent 
style  and  a.ccurate  descriptions,  went  through  eight  or  nine 
editions,  each  amended  and  improved.  In  1840  he  issued  his 
"Rambles  in  Europe,  with  Sketches  of  Prominent  Surgeons 
and  Physicians,  Medical  Schools,  Hospitals,  Literary  Person- 
ages and  Scenery,"  i2mo,  pp.  309. 

Dr.  Gibson's  first  great  operation  was  the  ligation  of  the 
common  iliac,  next  to  the  aorta  the  largest  artery  in  the  body, 
in  1812.  This  brought  him  at  once  fame.  He  was  the  first  in 
this  country  to  perform  supra-pubic  lithotomy  and  among  the 
first  to  perform  lithotripsy.  He  devised  the  operation  of  linear 
extraction  of  cataract  in  181 1  (Gross).  He  tied  the  subcla- 
vian artery  in  its  third  division  for  hemorrhage  of  the  axil- 
lary wounded  in  the  reduction  of  a  dislocated  shoulder  joint, 
excised  ribs,  removed  a  wedge-shaped  portion  of  bone  for 
ankylosis  of  the  knee  joint,  estabHshing  a  false  joint  (Druitt), 
and  extracted  the  ball  which  Gen.  Winfield  Scott  received  at 
the  Battle  of  Lundy's  Lane.  He  performed  Csesarean  sec- 
tion twice  upon  the  same  w^oman,  saving  the  life  of  the  mother 


"Personal  Reminiscences,"  Washington,  1895. 

806 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

and  both  children.  He  invented  an  apparatus  for  fractures  of 
the  lower  jaw,  devised  an  instrument  for  facilitating  the  opera- 
tion of  staphylorrhaphy,  and  modified  Physick's  tonsillotome. 
Dr.  Gibson  also  divided  the  recti  muscles  for  strabismus  as 
early  as  1818.  He  operated  then  upon  three  cases  with  partial 
success,  but  meeting  with  an  unfavorable  result  in  a  fourth 
case  operated  on  after  his  removal  to  Philadelphia,  upon  the 
advice  of  Professor  Physick  he  abandoned  the  experiment. 
Strohmeyer's  monograph,  recommending  division  of  the  mus- 
cle for  strabismus  did  not  appear  until  1838.  [See  American 
Appendix,  "Cooper's  Dictionary  of  Practical  Surgery,"  edited 
by  David  Meredith  Reese,  1844;  Gibson's  "Institutes  and 
Practice  of  Surgery,"  sixth  edition,  1841,  and  article  by  Dr. 
Harry  Friedenwald,  in  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Bulletin,  August- 
September,  1897,  entitled  "The  Early  History  of  Ophthalmol- 
ogy and  Otology  in  Baltimore  (1800-1850)."] 

CHARLES  FRICK,  M.D. 

Charles  Frick,  the  son  of  Hon.  William  Frick,  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Baltimore,  and  nephew  of  Dr.  George 
Frick,  the  ophthalmologist,  was  born  at  Baltimore,  August  8, 
1823.  His  classical  and  mathematical  education  was  obtained 
at  Baltimore  College,  where  his  unusual  talents  were  fully 
recognized.  After  serving  for  three  years  in  the  engineering 
department  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  he  began  the 
study  of  medicine  in  1843  under  Dr.  Thomas  H.  Buckler. 
In  the  following  fall  he  attended  a  partial  course  of  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Maryland  and,  at  the  close  of  the  session 
of  1843-44,  entered  as  a  resident  student  at  the  Almshouse, 
which  contained  200  beds  for  the  sick  and  a  lying-in  depart- 
ment.    There  he  began  at  once  the  habit  of  keeping  records 

807 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

of  the  cases  and  autopsies.  He  particularly  applied  himself  to 
auscultation  and  percussion,  the  practice  of  which  had  been 
introduced  into  Baltimore  a  few  years  before  by  his  brother- 
in-law,  Prof.  Wm.  Power,  who  had  been  a  favorite  pupil  of 
the  great  Louis  at  Paris.  He  devoted  himself  enthusiastically 
to  this  new  science,  and  was  often  to  be  seen  wandering 
through  the  wards,  stethoscope  in  hand,  examining  hearts 
and  lungs,  whilst  the  other  students  were  taking  their  ease. 
Thus  the  house  was  never  destitute  of  interest  to  him,  and 
when  he  left  at  the  end  of  his  year,  he  carried  away  a  number 
of  anatomical  preparations  and  reports  of  a  great  variety  of 
cases  and  autopsies.  In  March,  1845,  he  took  his  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Medicine  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  offering 
a  thesis  on  "Puerperal  Fever,"  based  upon  cases  he  had  him- 
self observed,  and  maintaining  its  contagious  character. 

His  first  article  appeared  in  the  American  Journal  of  the 
Medical  Sciences  for  April,  1846,  and  consisted  of  reports  of 
"Eleven  Cases  of  Remittent  Fever"  made  by  Dr.  Washington 
F.  Anderson  and  himself,  with  remarks  by  Dr.  Alfred  Stille, 
of  Philadelphia.  This  work  was  freely  quoted  by  Bartlett  and 
other  writers  on  the  subject,  and  was  regarded  as  an  important 
contribution  to  the  pathology  of  the  disease,  confirming  the 
observations  of  Stewardson,  made  in  1841,  that  the  chief 
anatomical  lesions  were  an  enlarged,  softened  and  slate- 
colored  liver,  and  a  similarly  though  to  a  less  extent  affected 
spleen  and  heart.  In  the  fall  of  1847,  with  the  cooperation 
of  Drs.  Ohristopher  Johnston,  David  Stewart  and  Elisha  W. 
Theobald,  he  organized  the  Maryland  Medical  Institute,  a 
preparatory  school,  in  accordance  with  the  recommendations 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  for  the  elevation  of  the 
standard  of  medical  education.     In  this  he  held  the  Depart- 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ment  of  Practical  Medicine  and  had  the  first  opportunity  for 
the  development  of  his  talent  for  teaching,  which  later  shone 
with  such  brilliancy  in  the  professorial  chair. 

In  January,  1848,  he  published  in  the  American  Journal  of 
the  Medical  Sciences  his  analyses  of  the  blood,  a  research  which 
gave  him  great  eclat  and  established  his  position  as  an  au- 
thority on  animal  chemistry.  As  an  evidence  of  the  care  and 
labor  he  bestowed  on  these  analyses,  which  included  pul- 
monary tuberculosis,  idiopathic  fevers,  rheumatism  and 
anaemia,  may  be  mentioned  the  fact  that  he  rejected  no  less 
than  70  of  the  150  investigations  because  df  some  slight  ele- 
ments of  uncertainty  about  them. 

In  the  same  year  and  journal,  Dr.  Frick  reported  some  cases 
of  oxaluria,  then  supposed,  in  accordance  with  the  views  of 
Golding  Bird,  to  be  an  abnormal  condition,  which  later  when 
he  found  the  views  erroneous,  he  acknowledged  were  of  no 
value. 

In  1849  he  was  elected  Attending  Physician  to  the  Mary- 
land Penitentiary,  and  during  the  seven  years  in  which  he 
held  this  position  he  collected  many  interesting  data  as  to  the 
condition  of  the  inmates  and  suggested  many  ways  of  pro- 
moting their  health  and  comfort. 

Dr.  Frick  devoted  much  attention  to  urinary  pathology, 
and,  as  the  fruit  of  his  labors,  published,  in  1850,  his  volume, 
entitled  "Renal  Diseases."  In  the  preface  to  this  he  showed 
that  his  enthusiasm  was  not  allowed  to  outrun  his  judgment 
when  he  urged  his  readers  not  to  place  too  much  confidence 
in  the  examination  of  the  urine  alone,  but  to  interpret  the 
significance  of  the  results  by  the  other  symptoms.  In  this 
opinion  he  showed  himself  decidedly  in  advance  of  others  who 
had  written  on  the  same  subject.     This  work  was  unques- 

809 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

tionably  a  valuable  contribution  to  a  branch  of  pathology  pre- 
viously but  little  understood.  In  this  work  Dr.  Frick  showed 
that  Golding  Bird  was  in  error  in  regarding  dumb-bell  crystals 
as  always  composed  of  oxalate  of  lime,  and  proved  that  they 
might  be  produced  as  well  by  uric  acid. 

In  July,  1852,  Dr.  Frick  published  in  the  American  Journal 
of  the  Medical  Sciences  a  report  of  some  cases  of  diabetes 
mellitus,  showing  a  most  minute  and  exhaustive  treatment  of 
the  subject. 

In  June,  1854,  he  read  before  this  Faculty  a  paper  on  the 
diuretic  properties  of  different  drugs,  as  evidenced  in  2000 
observations  on  the  inmates  of  the  prison.  In  this  work  he 
insisted  on  the  distinction  between  a  simple  hydragogue  effect 
and  a  truly  depurative  action,  the  amount  of  solid  material 
alone  representing  the  waste  of  the  tissues  seeking  an  outlet 
by  these  channels.  Some  of  Dr.  Frick's  results  were  quite 
striking.  For  instance,  he  found  that  the  sulphate  of  quinine, 
three  grains,  with  sulphate  of  iron,  one  grain,  was  the  most 
powerful  diuretic,  producing  57  ounces  of  fluid,  containing 
1248  grains  of  solid  material,  700  being  the  normal  average. 
Next  in  value  came  juniper  tea,  56  ounces  with  1134  grains. 
Below  these  came  the  prussiate  of  iron,  the  sulphate  of  iron 
and  the  acetate  of  potash.  Sweet  spirit  of  nitre  produced 
no  increase  of  fluid  and  a  very  slight  increase  of  solids.  Mor- 
phia and  strychnia  decreased  both. 

In  connection  with  urinary  pathology,  it  may  be  said  that 
Dr.  Frick  disagreed  with  Richard  Bright,  who  regarded  the 
presence  of  albumen  as  always  indicating  the  presence  of 
Bright's  Disease.  He  thought  that  it  might  be  due  to  sim- 
ple congestion,  or  to  pressure,  as  in  pregnancy.  He  believed 
that  a  diseased  state  of  the  blood  is  the  essential  cause  of 

810 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

renal  degeneration,  and  that  this  consists  in  an  abnormal 
state  of  the  natural  constituents,  probably  of  the  albumen  or 
fibrine,  which  induces  an  unhealthy  condition  of  the  renal  tis- 
sues. He  made  a  broad  distinction  between  the  enlarged 
kidney  from  degenerative  disease  and  the  contracted,  granu- 
lar kidney  resembling  cirrhosis.  He  taught  that  the  pres- 
ence of  fibrinous  casts  of  the  tubes  containing  spherical  epith- 
ehum  and,  sometimes,  blolod  corpuscles,  indicates  conges- 
tion or  inflammation  of  the  tubuli  and  nothing  else;  but  if 
these  epithelial  cells  are  enlarged  and  their  walls  thickened, 
making  them  unusually  opaque,  if  they  are  in  sufficient  quan- 
tity to  block  up  the  channel  of  the  tubes  and,  moreover,  con- 
tain a  certain  quantity  of  oil  globules,  we  can  have  no  doubt 
as  to  the  nature  of  the  disease.  Equally  important  is  it  when 
the  casts  are  almost  solid,  containing  more  or  less  oil  but  no 
epithelium,  showing  tHat  the  epithelial  cells  have  been  already 
thrown  ofif  and  the  nutrition  of  the  part  is  incapable  of  form- 
ing them  anew. 

During  the  years  1855  and  1856  he  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  Baltimore  Pathological  Society, 
reading  some  valuable  papers.  In  the  discussions,  which  were 
published  in  the  Virginia  Medical  Journal,  he  was  appealed  to 
as  an  authority,  especially  in  those  relating  to  urinary  path- 
ology. On  the  reorganization  of  the  Maryland  College  of 
Pharmacy  in  1856  he  was  appointed  to  the  Chair  of  Materia 
Medica,  and  continued  to  fill  that  position  for  two  years  with 
great  advantage  to  the  reputation  of  the  institution.  In  the 
summer  of  1856  he  spent  a  few  months  in  Europe,  visiting 
the  hospitals  of  Paris  and  London.  He  met  with  a  most 
cordial  reception  from  the  great  teachers,  Paget,  Todd,  Bence 
Jones  and  Trousseau,  who  were  familiar  with  his  scientific 

811 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

papers  and  had  a  high  appreciation  of  them.  On  his  return 
he  brought  with  him  a  number  of  rare  specimens  of  medicinal 
plants  collected  in  his  travels. 

Dr.  Frick's  growing  reputation  began  now  to  draw  atten- 
tion to  him  as  a  great  teacher,  and  he  began  to  receive  over- 
tures from  schools  in  other  cities ;  but,  fortunately  for  Balti- 
more, the  ties  of  his  native  city  kept  him  here.  He  had  not 
long  to  wait,  for  in  the  year  1858  a  vacancy  occurred  in  the 
Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland  through  the  death  of 
Prof.  Richard  H.  Thomas  and  the  transfer  of  Professor  Mil- 
tenberger.  Immediately  "all  eyes  were  turned  towards  Dr. 
Frick  as  the  man  above  all  others  in  the  medical  profession 
of  our  city  whose  entire  fitness  for  the  Chair  was  preeminent 
and  undeniable ;  and  when  the  Faculty,  in  verification  of  the 
universally  expressed  opinion,  elevated  him  to  the  Professor- 
ship of  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  most  hearty  con- 
gratulations were  offered,  as  well  to  the  new  professor  as  to 
his  colleagues,  and  the  most  confident  predictions  were  uttered 
as  to  his  success  as  a  teacher  and  the  considerable  part  he 
was  likely  to  take  in  extending  the  usefulness  and  reputation 
of  the  institution."* 

He  entered  at  once  with  enthusiasm  upon  the  clinical  work 
at  the  Baltimore  Infirmary.  He  had  a  wide  field  to  test  the 
value  of  doubtful  or  new  drugs,  and  the  intricate  cases  con- 
stituted the  greatest  attraction  for  him.  Thoroughly  equipped 
in  all  the  diagnostic  methods  available  at  that  day,  he  was  fol- 
lowed in  his  daily  visits  through  the  wards  by  a  large  class 
of  admiring  students.  Patient,  considerate,  eager  to  impart 
his  knowledge,  frank  in  expressing  his  opinions,  his  doubts, 
his  mistakes,  he  secured  at  once  their  interest  and  their  con- 


Dr.  Christopher  Johnston,  memorial  meeting,  i860. 

812 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

fidence.  With  regard  to  the  change  of  type  theory,  invented 
to  account  for  the  supposed  difference  in  the  toleration  of 
blood-letting  and  other  violent  measures,  he  held  that  the 
explanation  was  to  be  found  rather  in  "the  better  observation 
of  diseases,  their  progress  and  the  results  of  remedies  upon 
them"  than  in  an  imaginary  change  of  type.  With  regard  to 
blood-letting  in  pneumonia,  he  thought  it  was  sometimes 
useful,  but  that  it  was  admissible  only  in  the  forming  stage 
with  the  view  of  relieving  the  pressing  dyspnoea,  and  was  then 
to  be  resorted  to  with  great  caution  on  account  of  its  depriving 
the  blood  of  its  red  globules,  so  essential  to  its  nutritive  func- 
tions. 

Dr.  Frick  was  continually  seeking  for  knowledge  and  striv- 
ing to  throw  light  upon  obscure  and  important  points  in 
pathology.  He  was  not  satisfied  to  take  for  granted  what 
others  had  taught  or  written.  In  none  of  his  writings  is  this 
manifested  more  than  in  his  essay  on  the  "Formation  of 
Urinary  Calculi,"  which  was  published  in  the  American  Med- 
ical Monthly,  New  York,  April,  1858.  In  this  he  combats 
the  error  of  Golding  Bird  and  others  of  explaining  and  naming 
diseases  in  accordance  with  the  nature  and  quantity  of  the 
various  substances  contained  in  the  urine ;  there  is  no  such 
thing  as  "the  uric,  the  oxalic  and  phosphatic  diathesis."  His 
investigations  taught  him  that  urea  was  derived  not  only  from 
the  waste  of  the  nitrogenized  tissues,  but  also  from  the  nitro- 
genous food.  It  is  the  ultimate  stage  in  descending  meta- 
morphosis of  which  uric  acid  is  the  next  higher,  the  fall  being 
effected  by  oxidation.  The  deposit  of  uric  acid  or  its  salts 
does  not  always  occur  because  there  is  an  excess ;  indeed,  it  is 
never  from  excess  alone.  Its  deposition  while  in  the  urinary 
passages  is  referable  either  to  the  composition  of  the  urine 

813 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

itself  or  to  the  condition  of  the  membrane  over  which  it  passes. 
We  must  look  for  the  causes  of  phosphatic  calculi  almost 
entirely  in  the  bladder,  renal  calculi  being  nearly  exclusively 
of  oxalate  of  lime  and  uric  acid.  Relying  upon  such  views,  he 
advises  that,  in  order  to  prevent  their  formation  or  reforma- 
tion, remedies  be  addressed  to  the  urinary  passages  them- 
selves and  not  to  their  secretions. 

His  last  work  was  his  "Lecture  on  Diuretics,"  published 
by  his  class,  a  scientific  but  practical  summing  up  of  his 
researches  regarding  this  class  of  drugs,  which  he  had  studied 
very  thoroughly. 

Dr.  Frick  had  been  connected  with  the  University  for  two 
years,  advancing  continually  in  reputation  and  practice,  the 
pride  of  his  friends  and  ornament  of  his  profession.  A  long 
and  successful  career  was  before  him,  when  suddenly  a  ter- 
mination was  put  to  all  his  hopes  and  to  the  natural  expecta- 
tions of  his  friends  by  the  ruthless  hand  of  disease.  On  the 
twentieth  day  of  March,  i860,  he  attempted  to  save  the  life 
of  a  negro  woman,  a  patient  in  the  Baltimore  Infirmary,  suf- 
fering with  malignant  diphtheria,  by  the  operation  of  trach- 
eotomy. In  some  way,  as  was  supposed,  he  became  infected 
at  this  time  (having  always  shown  a  peculiar  susceptibility 
to  diseases  involving  the  throat),  and  on  the  following  day 
he  complained  of  soreness  of  throat.  Notwithstanding,  he 
attended  the  funeral  of  a  friend  in  the  afternoon  and  stood, 
during  the  services,  with  head  uncovered  and  exposed  to  a 
chilling  March  wind.  That  night  he  had  a  severe  chill,  with 
increased  pain  and  swelling,  and  the  next  morning  Dr.  John 
Buckler,  his  uncle,  found  the  membrane  forming.  From  this 
time  on  his  sufferings  were  acute,  especially  in  deglutition. 
On  the  third  and  fourth  days  he  was  worn  out  with  sleepless- 

814 


MEODICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ness  and  was  seeking  in  vain  some  place  and  position  that 
might  give  ease  and  rehef  to  the  terrible  dyspnoea.  On- 
the  evening  of  the  fifth  day  his  cold,  cyanosed  skin  and  feeble 
pulse  indicated  that  the  end  was  not  far  off.  His  physicians 
knew  that  he  was  sinking,  not  from  mechanical  obstruction 
in  the  larynx,  but  from  the  depressing  effect  of  the  poison,  and 
decided  that  tracheotomy  could  not  benefit  him.  He  knew 
this,  yet  urged  its  performance,  saying  that  it  would  afford 
him  at  least  some  temporary  relief.  They  reluctantly  con- 
sented, when  rising  from  his  bed,  he  seated  himself  in  a  chair, 
directed  how  the  light  should  be  placed  so  as  to  cast  no 
shadow  on  the  hand  of  the  operator,  handed  the  bistoury  to 
one  of  his  medical  attendants,  Dr.  George  W.  Miltenberger, 
and  placing  his  finger  on  the  spot  for  the  incision,  threw  back 
his  head  with  an  heroic  courage.  All  were  gratified  that  his 
entreaties  had  been  acceded  to,  for  he  had  a  refreshing  sleep 
and  euthanasia.  He  gradually  sank,  however,  and  breathed 
his  last  on  Sunday,  March  25,  i860,  in  his  thirty-seventh  year. 

Dr.  Prick's  character  and  achievements  have  been  already 
referred  to  in  this  sketch.  He  was  a  man  of  unflagging  indus- 
try and  a  born  investigator.  He  was  thoroughly  independent 
in  the  formation  of  his  opinions,  being  guided  wherever  pos- 
sible by  his  own  personal  researches.  He  did  not  despise 
authority,  but  he  demanded  from  it  satisfactory  credentials. 
He  was,  as  has  been  remarked,  the  very  man  for  the  times, 
when,  in  the  reaction  from  polypharmacy,  many  were  disposed 
to  go  to  the  other  extreme  and  deny  the  value  of  therapeutical 
agents  altogether.  He  was  conservative  in  the  true  sense  of 
the  word,  holding  on  to  the  old  wherever  experience  con- 
firmed its  value,  and  only  in  favor  of  the  new  when  backed  by 
sufficient  proof.     With  all  his  enthusiasm  he  was  deliberate  in 

52  815 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  formation  of  his  opinions  and  never  intolerant  of  those 
who  differed  from  him.  The  quahty  that  especially  charac- 
terized his  teaching  and  writings  was  their  practical  character. 
All  his  researches,  all  his  labors  conduced  to  practical  results. 
And  so,  although  he  died  so  young,  the  value  of  his  work  was 
very  great  and  easily  appreciated.  Of  course  the  progress  of 
time  and  the  advance  of  knowledge  have  largely  supplanted  it 
and  so  it  is  unfair  to  judge  it  by  the  conditions  prevailing 
nearly  half  a  century  after  his  death.  But  those  who  will 
peruse  the  works  that  have  been  referred  to  in  this  sketch  will 
find  him  a  master  of  good  Saxon  English  and  a  substantial 
contributor  to  the  progress  of  medical  science.  Such  is  the 
testimony  of  Holmes,  Swett,  Yandell,  Flint,  Johnston  and 
his  very  dear  friend,  Dr.  Frank  Donaldson,  from  whose  splen- 
did memoir,  published  shortly  after  his  death  in  Gross'  "Lives 
of  Eminent  American  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,"  this  sketch  has  been  mainly  drawn.  Appro- 
priate is  it  that  his  memory  should  be  perpetuated  by  attaching 
his  name  to  the  medical  section  of  our  library,  and  that  the 
commemorative  tablet  erected  upon  our  walls  should  bear 
a  motto  drawn  from  Vergil's  description  of  those  who  inhabit 
the  "seats  of  the  blest :" 

"Quique  sui  memores  alios  fecere  mercndo." 

For  here  are  gathered  the  loved  volumes  which  were  his  con- 
stant companions  by  day  and  by  night,  and  we  may  imagine 
his  spirit  as  still  hovering  in  their  midst. 

Though  time  oft  mantle  of  oblivion  throws 
O'er  lives  that  in  brightest  lustre  seem  to  close, 
It  has  not  yet  effaced  the  mem'ries  thick 
That  cling  about  the  honor'd  name  of  Frick. 
Him  nature  form'd  in  gentlest,  manliest  mould, 
Unselfish,  patient,  modest  yet  large-soul'd, 

8i6 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

And  amply  gifted  with  those  powers  rare, 

That  raarlc  the  man  of  genius  everywhere. 

Him  nature  taught  her  secrets  to  explore, 

To  penetrate  disease's  inmost  core, 

And  in  the  crimson  current's  heated  tide 

To  trace  the  paths  where  fevers  lurk  and  hide; 

To  carve  and  clear  a  way  by  methods  new. 

To  analyse,  to  measure,  gauge  and  view 

With  sharpest  glass;  cast,  pigment,  granule,  test, 

And  over  cell  and  fibre  hold  inquest; 

Reaction  to  determine  and  to  sift 

The  ashes  of  life's  wear  for  golden  drift; 

Naught  to  take  on  faith  but  all  things  to  try, 

In  the  crucible  of  his  own  alchemy; 

Authority  duly  to  respect  but  thrust 

From  musty  shelves  the  antiquated  dust; 

To  grasp  the  essence  of  a  thing  forsooth, 

And  let  in  grateful  light  upon  the  truth. 

Such  was  the  man — his  work;  faithful  in  all 

And  brave,  'till  came  the  fatal  duty's  call 

And — 'ere  into  full  noon  the  morn  of  life 

Yet  had  ripened — cut  short  his  noble  strife. 

Like  some  young  lusty  oak  whose  head  doth  cleave 

The  sky,  far  o'er  the  grove,  where  zephyrs  heave 

A  purer  breath,  and  the  great  king  of  day 

Emits  his  brightest,  first  and  latest  ray; 

When  storms  arise  and  darkness  rules  the  air — 

Save  for  the  forkM  lightning's  angry  glare — 

His  ample  bosom  rends  the  bolt — although 

Safe  are  his  humble  comrades  far  below. 

These  glorious  lives — they  are  our  heritage — 

Friend,  hero,  benefactor,  martyr,  sage; 

And  though  to  them  the  world' is  so  unjust. 

Nor  carves  for  them  their  due — memorial  bust, 

Nor  gilds  their  mem'ries  with  immortal  fame, 

Such  as  he,  who  for  his  country  dies,  may  claim; 

No  nobler  deeds  the  page  of  hist'ry  bears, 

Nor  lives  the  man  who  nobler  does  and  dares. 

No  matter  though  there  be  danger  and  death, 

No  matter  though  it  call  for  one's  last  breath, 

May  those  be  always  found  dispos'd  and  quick, 

To  follow  lead  of  lives  of  men  like  Frick! 


817 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

NATHAN  RYNO  SMITH,  M.D. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  second  of  the  four  sons 
of  Dr.  Nathan  Smith,  the  distinguished  New  England  sur- 
geon and  founder  of  Dartmouth  and  Yale  College  Medical 
Schools.  The  name  "Ryno"  was  derived  from  the  Poems  of 
Ossian,  a  favorite  author  of  his  mother.  Another  son  bore 
the  appellation  of  Morven,  probably  obtained  from  the  same 
source. 

The  elder  Smith  was  born  amidst  the  bleak  hills  of  New 
England,  in  1762,  and  grew  up  as  a  pioneer  and  hunter,  endur- 
ing the  hardships  of  border  life  in  which  the  Indians  still 
played  a  part.  During  the  last  eighteen  months  of  the  War  of 
the  Revolution,  he  served  as  an  enlisted  soldier  in  the  Ver- 
mont Militia,  being  in  the  same  command  with  his  father.  He 
thus  learned  the  lessons  of  boldness  and  self-reliance  which 
were  in  after-life  his  prominent  qualities  as  a  surgeon.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  accidentally  witnessed  a  surgical  opera- 
tion which  so  impressed  him  that  he  determined  to  become  a 
surgeon.  Having  duly  prepared  himself  by  a  course  of  pre- 
liminary study  and  having  passed  three  years  under  a  preceptor, 
he  began  practice  in  the  year  1787  in  the  town  of  Cornish, 
situated  on  the  banks  of  the  Connecticut  River  in  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire.  Two  years  later  he  attended  a  course  of 
lectures  at  Harvard  College  and  took  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Medicine  in  1790,  being-  the  only  graduate  of  that  year. 
Late  in  1796  he  went  abroad  and  for  some  months  attended 
lectures  at  Glasgow,  Edinburgh  and  London,  preparing  for 
the  role  which  he  had  marked  out  for  himself.  On  his  return 
he  founded  the  Medical  School  at  Dartmouth  College,  giving, 
himself,  nearly  all  the  instruction  in  that  department. 

818 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

By  1813  his  fame  as  a  surgeon  and  physician  had  grown  so 
that  he  was  in  that  year  called  upon  by  the  authorities  of  Yale 
College  to  organize  a  medical  department  there.  From  this 
time  on  until  his  death  in  1829,  he  continued  to  lecture  in  this 
school,  both  on  medicine  and  surgery.  He  also  organized 
and  gave  lectures  at  Bowdoin  College,  Me.,  from  182 1  to 
1825,  and  at  the  University  of  Vermont  from  1822  to  1825. 
He  was  the  second  American  ovariotomist ;  the  first  to  tre- 
phine bone  for  suppurative  inflammation;  the  first  in  this 
country  to  amputate  at  the  knee-joint.  He  reduced  shoulders 
which  had  been  dislocated  in  one  case  seven  months,  in  an- 
other nearly  a  year  (Gross).  His  practice  is  said  to  have 
extended  over  four  States. 

From  the  most  recent  and  authoritative  estimate  of  the 
work  and  services  of  Dr.  Nathan  Smith,  I  quote  the  follow- 
ing :  "Nathan  Smith  shed  undying  glory  upon  the  Yale  Med- 
ical School.  Famous  in  his  day  and  generation,  he  is  still 
more  famous  to-day,  for  he  was  far  ahead  of  his  times,  and  his 
reputation,  unlike  that  of  so  many  medical  worthies  of  the 
past,  has  steadily  increased  as  the  medical  profession  has 
slowly  caught  up  with  him.  We  now  see  that  he  did  more 
for  the  general  advancement  of  medical  and  surgical  practice 
than  any  of  his  predecessors  or  contemporaries  in  this  country. 
He  was  a  man  of  high  intellectual  and  moral  qualities,  of  great 
originality  and  untiring  energy,  an  accurate  and  keen  observer, 
unfettered  by  traditions  and  theories,  fearless  and,  above  all, 
blessed  with  an  uncommon  fund  of  plain  common  sense. 
*  *  *  The  treatment  which  he  advocated  (in  typhoid 
fever) — cold  water,  milk  and  avoidance  of  all  violent  remedies 
— is  practically  the  same  as  that  now  employed.  *  *  *  To 
the  surgeon  (his)  paper  on  the  'Pathology  and  Treatment  of 

819 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Necrosis'  has  become  as  much  of  a  classic  as  the  essay  on 
typhus  fever  is  to  the  physician.  *  *  *  He  was  the  first 
to  perform  a  number  of  important  surgical  operations,  and 
*  *  *  in  this  branch  not  less  than  in  medicine,  he  was  an 
innovator  and  reformer."* 

Prof.  Samuel  D.  Gross  speaks  in  similar  terms :  "One  of 
the  most  extraordinary  men  whom  this  country  has  ever  pro- 
duced, whether  we  regard  his  great  ability  as  a  general  prac- 
titioner, his  skill  and  daring  as  a  surgeon  or  his  versatility  as 
a  teacher  of  the  different  branches  of  medicine."  f 

His  no  less  great  and  distinguished  son,  the  subject  of  this 
memoir,  was  born  on  the  twenty-first  of  May,  1797,  in  the 
town  of  Cornish  where  his  father  had  been  practicing  for  ten 
years.  After  having  received  a  preliminary  training  at  Dart- 
mouth, he  entered  Yale  as  a  Freshman  in  1813  and  graduated 
A.B.  in  1817,  at  the  age  of  twenty.  He  then  spent  about  a 
year  and  a  half  in  Fauquier  County,  Va.,  as  tutor  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Thomas  Turner,  a  gentleman  of  worth  and 
social  eminence.  Here  at  the  hospitable  Southern  home, 
"Kinloch,"  he  conceived  the  strong  attachment  to  the  South, 
which,  in  after  years,  when  the  sections  were  divided  by  war, 
was  manifested  by  intense  devotion  to  her  cause.  On  return- 
ing from  Virginia  he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  and  in 
1823  received  from  Yale  College  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine,  in  his  inaugural  thesis  defending  the  view  that  the 
eiTects  of  remedies  and  diseases  are  due  to  absorption  into  the 
blood  and  not  to  an  impression  on  the  nervous  system,  as 
many   eminent  writers   then   maintained.     He   continued   his 


*"The  Relation  of  Yale  to  Medicine,"  by  William  Henry  Welch, 
M.D.,  LL.D.,  1901. 

t"  Century  of  American  Medicine."  American  Journal  of  the  Medi- 
cal Sciences,  April,  1876. 

820 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

experiments  on  this  subject,  and  his  publications  in  1827  are 
referred  to  by  Dr.  Alfred  Stille  in  his  work  on  "Therapeutics," 
vol.  i,  p.  51. 

He  began  practice  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  in  1824,  and  in  the 
following  year  he  was  appointed  to  the  Professorship  of  Sur- 
gery and  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Vermont,  the  Medical 
Department  of  which  had  been  organized  mainly  through  his 
exertions,  aided,  however,  by  his  father,  who  as  already  stated 
had  lectured  there  for  some  weeks  annually  since  1822. 

In  order  to  fit  himself  more  thoroughly  for  the  work  of 
teacher  which  he  had  undertaken,  he  spent  the  winter  of  1825-26 
at  Philadelphia  in  attendance  on  the  lectures  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  But  it  was  destined  that  he  should  not  again 
return  to  New  England.  The  circumstances  which  led  to  this 
change  of  plan  were  these :  Soon  after  reaching  Philadelphia 
he  met  Dr.  George  McClellan,  an  able  anatomist  and  surgeon, 
who  was  then  giving  private  instruction  in  that  city  to  large 
classes.  This  gentleman  and  others  were  then  engaged  in 
organizing  a  new  medical  school,  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege. Being  impressed  by  the  ability  and  acquirements  of  Dr. 
Smith,  they  invited  him  to  join  with  them  and  offered  him  the 
Chair  of  Anatomy.  This  he  accepted  and  he  continued  to 
lecture  with  them  during  two  sessions.  Among  his  pupils  at 
this  time  were  the  distinguished  surgeon.  Prof.  Samuel  D. 
Gross,  and  the  eminent  gynaecologist.  Dr.  Washington  L. 
Atlee. 

In  1825  he  published  at  New  York  an  "Essay  on  Digestion" 
of  93  pages  and  after  his  settling  at  Philadelphia  edited,  in 
1825-26,  with  the  cooperation  of  his  father,  the  American 
Medical  Revieiv.  In  June,  1827,  he  founded  a  medical  period- 
ical entitled  the  Philadelphia  Monthly  Journal  of  Medicine  and 

821 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Surgery,  which  was  continued  into  the  following  year  and  then 
merged  into  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 

In  1827  Dr.  Smith's  connection  with  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege was  severed  by  his  acceptance  of  the  Chair  of  Surgery  in 
the  University  of  Maryland,  made  vacant  by  the  withdrawal  of 
Granville  Sharp  Pattison.  With  this  event  commenced  Dr. 
Smith's  long  and  eventful  career  of  fifty  years  at  Baltimore, 
terminating  only  with  his  death  in  1877.  He  entered  with 
zeal  and  vigor  upon  his  dufies  here  and  the  period  was  pro- 
pitious for  his  advent,  as  Davidge  was  withdrawing  from  prac- 
tice and  survived  only  two  years  longer,  and  Jameson,  his  only 
real  competitor,  soon  abandoned  the  field.  His  introductory 
lecture  is  published  in  the  February,  1828,  number  of  the 
above-mentioned  journal. 

He  found  among  the  hospitable  homes  of  Baltimore,  with 
their  Southern  affiliations,  a  congenial  place  of  residence  and 
soon  acquired  an  extensive  practice.  As  Dr.  Chew  well  said, 
his  name  became  a  household  word  throughout  the  State,  and 
from  the  Alleghanies  to  the  Chesapeake  no  one  was  more 
thoroughly  in  heart  and  feeling  a  son  of  the  soil,  a  true  Mary- 
lander  than  he.  His  addition  gave  great  strength  and  eclat 
to  the  Faculty  of  the  University,  where  it  may  be  almost  said 
he  reigned  supreme  for  nearly  half  a  century. 

His  lectures  must  have  been  a  grateful  relief  to  the  class,  for 
he  prepared  them  with  care  and  he  taught  the  lessons  of  nature 
as  he  saw  it,  guided  by  acute  perception  and  strong  common 
sense.  In  character  he  strongly  resembled  his  father,  having 
the  same  earnestness  of  purpose,  the  same  original  and  inven- 
tive mind,  fertile  in  expedients  and  unshackled  by  the  dogmas 
of  the  schools.  He  was  much  shocked  to  find  the  physicians 
here,  even  some  of  his  colleagues,  bleeding  patients  suffering 

822 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

with  such  diseases  as  consumption,  typhoid  fever,  and  even 
anaemia  and  piles.  At  the  end  of  the  session  he  delivered  the 
address  to  the  graduating  class. 

In  the  year  1829  he  lost  his  father,  and  so  improvident  had 
the  latter  been  with  reference  to  financial  matters,  so  gener- 
ous with  his  charities  and  his  professional  services,  that  he  left 
his  family  impoverished.  For  many  years  Dr.  Smith  bore  the 
entire  expense  of  their  support  and  of  the  education  of  his 
younger  brothers,  and  having  soon  a  numerous  family  of  his 
own,  this  was  a  heavy  burden  to  him  notwithstanding  his  large 
practice. 

In  1829  appeared  his  work  on  "Diseases  of  the  Internal 
Ear,"  being  a  translation  from  the  French  of  J.  A.  Saissy,  with 
a  supplement  of  twenty  pages  by  himself,  on  "Diseases  of  the 
External  Ear."  The  latter  is  written  in  the  most  concise  and 
simple  manner  and  covers  most  of  the  inflammatory  affections 
of  the  auditory  canal,  congenital  deformities,  injuries  as  well  as 
the  treatment  of  foreign  bodies,  insects  and  indurated  wax  in 
the  auditory  canal.  In  1830  he  delivered  by  appointment  the 
annual  oration  before  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty, 
doing  the  same  thing  again  in  1846.  In  the  former  year  he 
issued  a  journal,  entitled  The  Baltimore  Monthly  Journal,  the 
first  number  of  which  appeared  in  February.  It  continued 
until  the  end  of  the  year,  when  it  ceased  on  account  of  lack  of 
support.  In  the  September  and  October  numbers  appeared 
a  noteworthy  article,  entitled  "Description  of  an  Apparatus  for 
the  Treatment  of  Fractures  of  the  Thigh  and  Leg,  by  Smith's 
Anterior  Spint."  One-half  of  the  original  matter  of  the  vol- 
ume of  510  pages  consisted  of  contributions  by  Dr.  Smith,  and, 
as  Dr.  Ashby  has  said,  these  "were  marked  for  the  usual  force, 
originality    and    clearness    which    characterize    his    writings." 

823 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  B^ACULTY 

Dr.  Smith  was  also  for  many  years  a  colaborator  and  frequent 
contributor  to  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 
He  also  wrote  many  articles  for  a  journal  published  at  Balti- 
more by  Prof.  E.  Geddings,  of  the  University  of  Maryland, 
from  1833  to  1835,  for  the  Maryland  and  Virginia  Medical 
Journal,  1860-61,  of  which  Dr.  W.  Chew  Van  Bibber  was  a 
coeditor,  and  for  the  Baltimore  Medical  Journal,  founded  in 
1870  by  Drs.  Howard  and  Latimer.  In  1832  appeared  his 
great  work  on  the  "Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Arteries,"  quarto, 
of  which  a  second  edition  appeared  in  1835. 

In  1867  he  published  a  small  volume  of  70  pa.ges,  giving  a 
description  of  the  method  of  using  his  "Anterior  Suspensory 
Apparatus  in  the  Treatment  of  Fractures  of  the  Lower  Ex- 
tremity, with  Cuts  and  Diagrams."  And  finally  he  issued  a 
little  duodecimo  in  1869,  which  he  called  "Legends  of  the 
South,  by  Somebody,  who  Wishes  to  be  Considered  Nobody." 
Early  in  his  career  at  Baltimore  he  conceived  the  idea  of  writ- 
ing a  work  on  "Surgery"  with  wood  cuts,  and  did  from  time 
to  time  compose  a  large  part  of  it,  but  it  remained  at  his  death 
among  his  papers  unfinished.  He  probably  contemplated  a 
work  somewhat  on  the  order  of  "Druitt's  Surgery,"  which  he 
liked  very  much. 

During  the  troublous  times  in  the  history  of  the  University 
of  Maryland,  when  the  Regents  withdrew  from  the  School  and 
established  a  second  school  of  their  own  and  brought  suit 
against  the  Trustees  for  a  restoration  of  their  rights  and  prop- 
erty, Dr.  Smith  sympathized  with  them  and  held  his  Chair 
from  them  during  the  session  of  1837  and  1838,  lecturing  at 
the  old  Indian  Queen  Tavern.  But  in  1838  he  was  offered 
the  Chair  of  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Transylvania  University 
with  a  salary  of  $3,000.     This  offer  seemed  at  the  time  a  most 

824 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

inviting  one,  as  Transylvania  was  then  at  the  height  of  its 
fame  and  prosperity,  it  was  the  oldest  school  in  the  West  and 
situated  in  a  rich  and  growing  section  of  Central  Kentucky, 
it  was  well  endowed  for  the  times,  and,  moreover,  the  terms 
of  Dr.  Smith's  contract  enabled  him  still  to  spend  two-thirds 
of  the  year  at  Baltimore  where  his  chief  practice  lay  and  his 
family  resided.  It  also  illustrates  the  reputation  which  Dr. 
Smith  had  acquired  since  the  salary  was  much  beyond  that 
which  the  other  members  of  the  Faculty  received.  So  he 
accepted  the  oflFer,  and  for  three  years  he  continued  to  travel 
West  each  fall  to  Lexington,  returning  at  the  close  of  the  short 
sessions  which  then  only  lasted  four  months.  But  he  seems 
soon  to  have  realized  his  mistake.  Circumstances  changed  and 
the  results  did  not  equal  his  expectations.  The  field  of  practice 
at  Lexington  was  limited  in  extent  and  already  occupied,  so  that 
his  revenues  from  that  source  were  small.  The  salary  which 
he  received  was  reduced  by  current  expenses,  loss  on  uncur- 
rent  money,  etc.  At  Baltimore  the  Medical  School  was  recov- 
ering from  its  disasters  and  his  former  colleagues  there  were 
eager  for  his  return.  The  long  journey  forth  and  back  twice 
a  year  and  the  separation  for  so  long  a  period  from  his  family 
doubtless  had  their  weight.  His  practice  at  Baltimore  was 
becoming  very  large  and  profitable,  and  it  was  necessary  for 
him  to  husband  all  his  resources  to  meet  the  expenses  of  his 
now  numerous  family  and  of  his  mother  and  her  children  at 
New  Haven.  Lastly,  an  unexpected  claim  of  several  thou- 
sand dollars  connected  with  the  obligations  assumed  by  the 
Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland  to  Prof.  Maxwell 
McDowell  had  been  brought  against  him,  from  which  there 
was  no  feasible  mode  of  release  except  by  returning  to  that 

institution,  and  so  at  the  close  of  the  session  of  1840-41   he 

825 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

offered  his  resignation  and  resumed  his  professorship  at  the 
University  of  Maryland,  where  he  had  already  lectured  during- 
the  previous  session.* 

From  this  time  forth  Professor  Smith  devoted  himself  to 
his  professional  and  professorial  duties  here.  His  time  was 
constantly  occupied  in  attending  to  his  large  clientele,  in  lec- 
turing and  in  holding  consultations  with  his  brethren  of  the 
profession,  which  often  took  him  to  distant  parts  of  the  State 
or  the  adjoining  States.  But  he  "never  aimed  at  that  over- 
whelming practice  which  robs  life  of  all  rational  enjoyment." 
nor  was  it  his  purpose  to  amass  a  large  fortune.  "He  would 
have  esteemed  it  a  debasement  of  skill  and  knowledge  to  make 
the  acquisition  of  money  the  prime  object  of  his  exertions" 
(Chew).  Satisfied  with  the  ample  means  which  he  was  able 
to  command,  he  delighted  in  the  society  of  bright  and  witty 
persons  and  often  indulged  in  a  social  game  of  cards.  He  was 
a  man  of  tender  sensibilities  and  no  appeal  for  charity  was 
ever  made  to  him  in  vain.  With  all  his  great  gifts  there  was 
about  him  a  remarkable  simplicity  of  character  and  a  trans- 
parent ingenuousness  which  was  as  incapable  of  affectation 
as  of  falsehood.  While  kind  and  considerate  to  the  poor  and 
ever  ready  to  make  sacrifices  for  his  friends  and  while  defer- 
ential to  the  opinions  even  of  his  juniors,  he  was  imperious  to 
his  equals  and  brooked  no  rivalry  in  his  profession.  In  the 
forty-odd  years  of  his  active  life  be  held  the  field  against  all 
comers  and  several  surgeons  of  undoubted  ability  were  com- 
pelled either  to  retire  before  him  or  to  settle  down  in  general 
practice.     These   qualities   obtained   for  him   tbe  undisputed 


*  "  Transylvaiiia  University,  the  leading  Western  School;  number 
of  students  the  last  session,  254."  American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  January,  1841. 

826 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

leadership  of  the  Maryland  profession  and  the  title  which  was 
generally  applied  to  him  by  his  students  of  "The  Emperor." 

In  1861,  at  the  beginning  of  the  troubles  between  the  North 
and  South,  he  mingled  actively  in  politics  for  the  first  and  only 
time.  His  sympathies  were  strongly  with  the  South  and  he 
permitted  himself  to  be  elected  as  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
State  Convention.  On  this  occasion  the  proceedings  of  this 
body  were  interrupted  by  the  military  and  he  was  threatened 
with  arrest,  but  undaunted  by  the  threats  of  force,  he  main- 
tained the  rights  of  himself  and  his  followers  with  such  calm 
courage  and  majestic  dignity  that  the  opposition  ceased  and 
the  meeting  was  allowed  to  go  on  with  its  work. 

In  1867,  when  he  had  reached  the  "three-score  years  and 
ten,"  which  the  Psalmist  has  assigned  as  the  limit  of  human 
life,  he  made  his  first  and  only  visit  to  Europe.  Although  he 
sought  in  it  only  relaxation  from  his  labors  and  amusement, 
he  naturally  visited  many  of  the  great  European  hospitals. 
His  reputation  had  preceded  him  everywhere  and  he  was  re- 
ceived with  the  greatest  deference.  Sir  James  Paget  in  London 
being  particularly  attentive  and  the  French  surgeons  giving 
him  the  title  of  the  "Nestor  of  American  Surgery."  On  his 
return  in  October  of  the  same  year,  he  received  an  ovation 
at  the  hands  of  the  profession  of  Baltimore  and  was  entertained 
at  a  banquet,  his  former  pupil.  Prof.  Samuel  D.  Gross,  com- 
ing on  from  Philadelphia  to  join  in  doing  him  honor. 

He  continued  his  active  work  at  the  University  for  two  years 
longer,  when  he  resigned  and  was  made  Emeritus  Professor 
and  President  of  the  Faculty.  In  1870  he  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  and  the  following 
year  was  reelected  to  the  same  office,  special  provision  being 
made  in  his  case  for  this  unusual  honor.     Not  long  after  this, 

827 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

painful  disease  and  infirmities  of  age  began  to  oppress  him 
and  he  was  compelled  to  devote  less  attention  to  profes- 
sional work;  yet  he  did  not  withdraw  entirely  from  practice 
until  the  last  few  months  before  his  death,  nor  was  he  idle 
during  these  declining  years ;  he  still  attended  to  ofifice  con- 
sultations, he  wrote  upon  his  surgery,  he  found  pleasure  in  re- 
viewing the  classics,  especially  Homer  and  Vergil,  and,  above 
all,  he  found  that  satisfaction  and  peace  in  the  Christian  re- 
ligion which  philosophy  and  science  had  been  unable  to  secure 
for  him.  Thus  engaged,  the  painful  disease  of  the  bladder 
from  which  he  suffered,  slowly  advanced  and  finally  mastered 
his  vigorous  constitution  on  the  third  of  July,  1877,  a  few  weeks 
after  he  had  passed  his  eightieth  year. 

Professor  Smith  was  a  man  of  commanding  presence,  fully 
six  feet  in  height,  a  clean-shaven  face  with  a  well-shaped 
Grecian  nose,  long,  thin,  compressed  lips,  piercing  eyes,  sur- 
rounded by  shaggy  eyebrows,  a  well-shaped,  well-poised  head, 
with  a  long  neck  concealed  by  an  old-fashioned  black  stock 
and  standing  collar ;  he  always  dressed  in  black  and  wore  a 
frock  coat;  he  was  near-sighted  and  wore  glasses,  and  fre- 
quently in  his  later  years  when  he  would  remove  his  spectacles 
and  bend  over  a  patient  to  observe  the  parts  more  closely,  the 
blood  from  a  divided  artery  would  spirt  up  in  his  face,  much 
to  the  amusement  of  the  students.  He  always  lectured  with- 
out notes  and  in  slow,  deliberate  fashion.  His  voice  was  of 
medium  pitch  and  distinct,  though  not  strong.  He  indulged 
in  story  and  humor  whenever  the  opportunity  permitted,  al- 
though he  was  never  coarse,  profane  or  obscene.  The  por- 
trait of  him  at  the  University  is  an  admirable  likeness,  and 
represents  him  in  his  characteristic  attitude  while  lecturing 
as  the  writer  knew  him  in  the  sessions  of  1866-67,  1867-68, 
1868-69. 

828 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Dr.  Chew  has  drawn  a  graphic  picture  of  him  in  the  fol- 
lowing words :  "In  your  mind's  eye  you  can  see  him  in 
the  amphitheatre  in  the  attitude  of  dignity  and  command 
which  always  belonged  to  him.  As  he  illustrates  and  en- 
forces his  teaching,  he  points  to  the  diagrams  on  the  wall 
and  his  wand  must  always  be  at  hand,  for  like  the  magician's 
divining  rod,  it  seems  to  have  some  mystic  connection  with  the 
exercise  of  his  powers.  Or  again  he  is  going  his  early  morn- 
ing rounds  through  the  hospital  wards  setting  in  clear  light 
the  leading  points  in  the  cases  before  him ;  mingling  his  words 
of  instruction  to  the  students  with  those  of  kindness  and  en- 
couragement to  the  sick,  and  often  of  gentle  humor,  if  the 
patient  chanced  to  be  a  child."  The  qualities  by  which  he  won 
his  professional  position,  according  to  Professor  Chew,  were: 
"Great  acuteness  of  perception,  an  extraordinary  power  of 
adaptation  to  circumstances  as  they  arose,  promptness  of 
action  which  sees  what  is  needed  to  be  done  and  straightway 
does  it,  and,  above  all,  indomitable,  untiring  industry." 

Dr.  Smith  was  one  of  the  greatest  surgeons  America  has 
produced.  The  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by  his  con- 
temporaries may  be  judged  from  Professor  Gross'  review  of 
"A  Century  of  American  Surgery."*  He  extirpated  success- 
fully the  parotid  gland,  "one  of  the  most  difficult  procedures  in 
surgery ;"  also  the  tonsils,  testes,  tongue  and  thyroid  gland ;  he 
frequently  performed  the  radical  operation  for  hernia;  he  re- 
moved tumors  of  every  kind  and  size ;  he  operated  successfully 
for  abscess  of  the  cerebrum;  tied  the  subclavian,  carotid,  ex- 
ternal iliac,  femoral,  brachial  and  other  arteries,  also  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein;  excised  the  astragalus  and  inferior  maxilla; 
amputated  the  limbs  in  all  their  parts,  etc.     He  was  among  the 


*  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  April,  1876. 

829 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

very  first  to  perform  subcutaneous  section  of  the  tendo  achillis 
for  club  foot  (1836;  Strohmeyer  introduced  it  in  Germany  in 
1831).  About  1846  he  devised  a  knife  for  division  of  strictures 
of  the  lachrymal  duct,  thus  antedating  Stilling  by  many  years. 
He  devised  instruments  for  seizing  wounded  arteries  in  the 
application  of  the  ligature  which  Gross  calls  "ingenious  con- 
trivances." But  Dr.  Smith's  reputation  must  rest  chiefly  on 
his  lithotome  and  anterior  plint.  The  former  was  first  made 
known  in  the  "Medical  and  Surgical  Memiors,"  1831.  By  1834 
he  had  operated  with  this  instrument  with  complete  success  in 
every  instance  23  times.  By  i860  he  had  operated  with  it  over 
100  times.  In  all,  he  performed  the  operation  about  250  times, 
all  except  the  first  three  or  four  being  done  with  it,  and  with  a 
relatively  small  mortality.  A  picture  of  this  instrument  is  given 
in  the  "Memoirs"  and  also  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  1878,  In  the  latter  Dr.  Smith's  son, 
Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith,  reports  52  successive  unselected  cases,  46  of 
which  were  operated  on  by  the  instrument  without  a  death  in 
the  entire  series.  The  result  he  attributes  in  very  great  measure 
to  the  use  of  the  lithotome.  Dr.  Smith  says:  "By  its  aid  the 
only  two  difficult  features  in  the  cutting  part  of  the  operation 
are  made  perfectly  easy  and  mathematically  certain.  I  refer 
to  the  first  incision  made  through  the  skin  and  cellular  tissue 
down  to  the  groove  in  the  staff  and  afterwards  to  the  passage 
of  the  knife  along  the  groove  into  the  bladder.  Dr.  Smith 
(N.  R.)  in  referring  to  these  two  steps  of  the  operation  says: 
T  know  not  how  it  may  appear  to  other  operators,  but  to  me 
the  cutting  with  the  scalpel  for  the  groove  of  the  staff,  the  intro- 
duction of  the  gorget  or  knife  into  the  groove  of  that  instru- 
ment, the  anxiety  which  is  felt  in  regard  to  its  being  properly 
fixed  and  the  means  which  are  necessary  to  determine  with 

830 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

certainty  whether  it  may  be  pushed  forward  with  safety,  con- 
stitute the  most  painful  and  perplexing-  part  of  the  operation.' 
The  instrument  seems  to  me  to  be  as  nearly  perfect  as  possi- 
ble, and  the  only  objection  that  I  have  ever  heard  urged 
against  it  fell  from  the  lips  of  a  distinguished  Professor  of 
Surgery,  who  rather  complainingly  said  that  'with  it  any  one 
could  operate.'  "  It  is  a  singular  circumstance  that  there  is 
no  mention  of  this  instrument  in  any  recent  work  on  Surgery. 

There  is  no  record  of  the  exact  number  of  lithotomies  of 
either  Dr.  N.  R.  or  A.  P.  Smith,  or  of  the  results.  I  have 
elicited  the  following  information  on  the  subject.  Dr.  Nathan 
R.  Gorter,  who  was  Dr.  A.  P.  Smith's  assistant  for  several 
years,  writes :  "When  I  left  Dr.  Alan  P.  Smith  in  1887  he  had 
done  lateral  lithotomy  about  one  hundred  times  and  I  under- 
stand from  his  son,  Dr.  Nathan  R.  Smith,  that  he  subsequently 
operated  about  sixteen  times.  It  would  certainly  be  a  con- 
servative statement  to  say  he  had  operated  112  times  by  the 
lateral  method.  Dr.  Smith's  first  fifty-five  cases  were  all  suc- 
cessful. He  lost  his  fifty-sixth  case.  In  the  remaining  cases 
he  had  but  one  death,  and  that  occurred  in  the  case  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Hoff,  of  Towson.  This  case,  however,  did  not  deserve 
to  be  classed  as  a  death  from  lithotomy.  The  operation  was 
done  and  the  wound  healed  when  typhoid  fever  set  in  and  the 
patient  died  from  that  disease.  As  the  patient  was  not  out 
of  bed  after  the  operation  before  typhoid  set  in,  Dr.  Smith 
through  overconscientiousness  included  this  case  in  his  mortal- 
ity list.  With  this  case  counted  as  a  death  from  lithotomy  Dr. 
Smith  lost  two  cases  in  112  or  one  death  in  fifty-six  cases. 
Without  counting  this  case,  and,  in  my  opinion,  it  should  not 
be  counted,  his  record  was  one  death  in  over  112  cases.  In 
regard  to  the  cases  of  Dr.  Nathan  R.  Smith  I  regret  to  say 

53  831 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

that  I  can  give  you  no  positive  information.  My  impression 
is  that  he  had  operated  much  more  frequently  than  had  his 
son,  probably  several  hundred  times,  and  that  his  death  rate 
was  about  one  in  twenty-five." 

Dr.  Edward  F.  Milholland,  who  was  Resident  Physician  at 
the  Baltimore  Infirmary  from  i860  to  1864,  writes:  "I  have 
read  Dr.  Gorter's  letter,  and  my  knowledge  of  Dr.  A.  P. 
Smith's  work  in  that  line  is  correctly  reported.  I  agree  with  him 
in  the  statements  that  he  has  made.  In  reference  to  the  work 
of  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  I  do  not  believe  that  he  ever  kept  a  record 
of  the  number  of  cases  that  he  operated  upon.  He  must  have 
had  several  hundred  cases.  During  my  residence  at  the  old 
Baltimore  Infirmary,  as  Resident  Physician  from  i860  to  1864, 
he  had  each  year  five  or  six  cases,  and  all  were  successful.  I  do 
not  recall  a  death  after  his  lithotomy  work.  During  those  years, 
of  course,  he  had  cases  in  private  practice,  and  I  never  heard  of 
any  failures.  He  always  operated  with  as  much  self-confidence 
as  a  practitioner  would  vaccinate  a  baby.  The  only  after  treat- 
ment consisted  in  keeping  the  wound  clean,  and  frequently 
changing  the  bed  linen.  Sometimes  there  was  a  troublesome 
hemorrhage  after  the  cut,  but  the  patients  always  rallied.  A 
silver  canula  was  passed  through  the  incision  into  the  bladder 
to  permit  the  flow  of  urine,  but  was  removed  after  two  or  three 
days.  His  external  cut  was  always  bold  and  free ;  the  beak 
of  his  knife  then  entered  the  groove  of  the  stafif,  and  in  a 
moment  he  had  penetrated  the  bladder.  The  removal  of  the 
stone  almost  instantly  followed.  His  manipulations  were  dex- 
terous and  rapid." 

Mrs.  Alan  P.  Smith  writes :  "Alan  had  after  that  time  [i.  e., 
the  report  of  his  fifty-two  successful  cases]  quite  a  number  of 
successful  cases  before  losing  a  patient  and  am  under  the  im- 

832 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

pression  that  there  were  over  sixty  before  a  single  death 
occurred,  and  that  he  never  lost  more  than  two  or  three  cases 
in  all.  Justice  Miller,  of  the  Supreme  Court,  was  operated  on 
successfully  in  the  summer  of  1878  and  the  same  week  A. 
operated  on  a  colored  man  in  the  Penitentiary.  Both  recov- 
ered, making  at  least  the  fifty-third  and  fifty-fourth  cases.  In 
my  journal,  dated  May  26,  1881,  I  find  the  record  of  the  perfect 
recovery  of  the  sixty-third  and  sixty-fourth  cases,  two  young 
men  from  the  Eastern  Shore,  and  that  the  sixty-fifth  case  was 
waiting.  I  have  known  A.  to  operate  for  stone  three  times  in 
one  day  and  feel  sure  that  as  his  health  remained  good  for  ten 
or  twelve  years  after  this  date  [1881]  he  must  have  had 
numerous  cases  that  were  never  reported.  The  first  patient 
who  died  would  almost  certainly  have  recovered  if  he  had 
been  willing  to  obey  instructions,  but  I  remember  Alan's  dis- 
gust and  disappointment  when  he  found  the  man  had  insisted 
on  getting  up  which  brought  on  chill  and  high  fever.  I  think 
an  old  minister  was  the  second  loss.  I  believe  his  name  was 
Wall." 

Dr.  Smith's  nephew.  Prof.  Nathan  Smith  Lincoln,  of  Wash- 
ington, who  had  excellent  opportunities  of  knowing,  wrote : 
"It  is  believed  that  no  other  surgeon  in  the  United  States  has 
operated  so  often  for  stone.  For  many  years  preceding  his 
death  he  kept  no  records  of  his  cases,  but  the  writer  believes 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  he  cut  for  stone  not  less  than  350  or 
400  times  with  extraordinary  success"  (Transactions  American 
Medical  Association,  1878). 

But  the  invention  which  he  regarded  as  his  chief  contribu- 
tion to  Surgery  was  his  anterior  splint.  He  was  engaged  in 
perfecting  this  instrument  for  over  thirty  years  and  it  was  not 
completed   until    i860.     In    1867   he    published    his   work   on 

833 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

"Treatment  of  Fractures  of  the  Lower  Extremity  by  the  Use 
of  the  Anterior  Suspensory  Apparatus."  In  this  he  claimed 
that  his  invention  was  applicable  to  all  fractures  of  the  thigh 
and  leg.  Other  advantages  pointed  out  were  that  it  was 
cheap,  light  and  readily  procured  and  applied ;  that  the  flexed 
and  relaxed  position  of  the  limb  allowed  it  to  settle  down  in 
its  new  bed,  the  fragments  readily  resuming  their  normal  rela- 
tions to  one  another ;  that  it  facilitated  irrigation  and  dressing 
of  wounds ;  that  it  exempted  the  heel  and  other  parts  from 
pressure ;  that  it  allowed  change  of  position  and  movement  of 
the  body;  that  in  the  severest  cases  of  compound  and  compli- 
cated fractures  it  allowed  the  patient  to  be  conveyed  to  a  dis- 
tance without  risk  or  pain.  There  has  been  much  discussion  as 
to  whether  the  anterior  splint  produces  extension  or  not;  the 
inventor  claimed  that  it  did.  Whether  it  does  or  not  those 
who  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  see  the  great  master  apply 
it  will  not  question  its  value,  whilst  those  who  have  experi- 
enced in  their  own  persons  its  merits  will  not  be  willing  to 
trust  to  any  other.  Its  utility  was  especially  shown  during 
our  Civil  War  and  the  Franco-Prussian  War.  Modifications 
of  it  have  been  proposed  by  several,  of  which  those  of  Hodgen, 
of  St.  Louis ;  Simmons,  of  Hagerstown ;  Porter,  of  Lonacon- 
ing;  O.  J.  Coskery,  of  Baltimore,  and  Palmer,  of  the  United 
States  Navy,  may  be  especially  mentioned.  The  first  has  had 
and  still  has  a  considerable  vogue. 

The  most  exhaustive  study  of  the  anterior  splint  that  has 
been  published  was  that  of  Dr.  J.  Edwin  Michael,  and  to  be 
found  in  the  Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  for  April,  1882. 
Dr.  Michael  was  admirably  adapted  for  such  work  by  his 
judicial  frame  of  mind  and  his  opinions  have  great  weight. 
He  claims  to  have  demonstrated  that  the  splint  cannot  produce 

834 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

extension  in  its  modern  surgical  sense,  as  claimed  by  the 
inventor,  but  that  it  is  the  best  exposition  of  the  "retentive" 
principle  of  treatment,  and  this  retention  or  prevention  of  re- 
traction due  to  the  anterior  application  of  the  apparatus  and 
the  perfect  adaptation  of  the  bandage  to  the  conformation  of  the 
limb,  is  much  better  in  a  great  majority  of  cases  than  con- 
tinuous extension.  Dr.  Michael  concludes  as  follows:  "It  acts 
on  well-recognized  surgical  and  anatomical  principles,  is  cheap, 
simple,  easy  of  application,  allows  the  patient  considerable 
freedom  of  movement,  gives  perfect  access  to  wounds  in  com- 
pound fracture  without  interference  with  the  splint  and  is  for 
the  general  run  of  cases  the  best  apparatus  for  the  treatment  of 
fracture  of  the  femur,  whether  it  be  simple  or  compound, 
and  of  compound  fracture  of  the  leg." 

CHRISTOPHER  JOHNSTON,  M.D. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  of  Scotch  descent.  His 
grandfather  emigrated  to  Baltimore  in  1766  and  pursued  here 
a  mercantile  career.  His  mother  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Gates, 
a  daughter  of  Major  Lemuel  Gates,  U.  S.  A.  Inheriting  the 
name  of  his  father  and  grandfather.  Dr.  Johnston  was  born  at 
Baltimore,  September  27,  1822.  On  the  death  of  his  father  in 
1835  at  Cincinnati,  where  the  family  had  spent  several  years, 
he  was  adopted  by  his  aunt.  Miss  Mariah  S.  Johnston,  of  Balti- 
more. He  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's  College,  Cincinnati,  and 
at  the  institution  of  the  same  name  at  Baltimore  and  then 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  John  Bucker  as  a  student  of  medicine. 
Part  of  his  student  life  was  spent  at  the  Baltimore  Almshouse 
which  was  a  popular  resort  at  that  time  for  clinical  training. 
He  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  at  the  University  of  Maryland 
in  1844.     In  the  same  year  he  visited  Europe,  traveling  exten- 

835 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sively.  In  1847  he  joined  with  Drs.  Charles  Frick,  David 
Stewart  and  Elisha  W.  Theobald,  in  founding  the  Maryland 
Medical  Institute,  an  excellent  preparatory  school  of  medicine, 
"organized  to  elevate  the  standard  of  office  instruction  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  design  of  the  National  Medical  Convention." 
From  1853  to  1855  he  was  again  in  Europe  studying  in  the  hos- 
pitals of  Paris  and  Vienna ;  he  also  traveled  extensively  in 
Spain.  On  his  return  in  1855  he  became  "Lecturer  on  Ex- 
perimental Physiology  and  Microscopy"  and  Curator  of  the 
Museum  at  the  University.  His  course  filled  a  need  there  and 
was  highly  popular  with  the  students,  and  the  second  year  it 
became  obligatory.  In  1857  he  gave  up  this  post  to  take  the 
Professorship  of  Anatomy  at  the  Baltimore  Dental  College, 
where  he  remained  Ujntil  1864,  The  battle  of  Gettsyburg  was, 
according  to  all  accounts,  the  turning  point  in  Dr.  Johnston's 
medical  career,  the  tide  which  is  said  to  come  to  all  of  us  at 
some  time,  and  which  rightly  used  "leads  on  to  fortune."  He 
volunteered  his  services  after  this  battle  and  was  on  the  field 
for  some  time  rendering  surgical  aid  to  the  Southern  wounded. 
On  his  return  to  the  city,  the  friends  of  the  South  residing  at 
Baltimore  presented  him  with  a  valuable  testimonial  and  his 
fame  and  practice  were  both  greatly  augmented.  On  Janu- 
ary I,  1864,  he  received  the  appointment  as  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy and  Physiology  in  the  University  of  Maryland.  In  1866, 
by  the  division  of  his  Chair,  the  title  became  General,  Descrip- 
tive and  Surgical  Anatomy.  In  1869  he  became  Professor  of 
Surgery,  succeeding  Prof.  N.  R.  Smith,  and  after  holding  this 
office  for  twelve  years,  retired  as  Emeritus  Professor. 

Dr.  Johnston  early  manifested  a  strong  taste  for  scientific 
studies  and  research,  and  this  continued  up  to  the  last  days  of 
his  life.     Many  indeed  thought  that  his  strength  lay  in  this 

836 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRUKGICAL  FACULTY 

direction  rather  than  in  practical  medicine,  and  that  had  he  fol- 
lowed his  earlier  inclinations  he  would  have  achieved  a  far 
greater  fame.  No  one  in  the  profession  held  so  high  rank  as  he 
in  histology  and  pathology.     He  devoted  himself  with  ardor  to 
the  study  of  these  and  acquired  great  expertness  in  the  use  of 
the  microscope  at  a  time  when  such  knowledge  was  possessed 
by  but  few.     Dr.  William  T.  Howard  has  declared  that  he  was 
the  most  variously  accomplished  medical  man  he  ever  knew. 
He  possessed  unusual  skill  as  an  artist  and  was  thus  enabled  to 
illustrate  his  own  articles  and  lectures  with  large  drawings  and 
water  color  pictures.     "Some  of  his  drawings,  especially  those 
of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  are  of  unsurpassed  excellence" 
(Howard).     He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  scientific  and 
medical  literature  and  a  list  of  his  writings  was  given  in  1879 
in  the  "Catalogue  of  Scientific  Papers,"  published  by  the  Royal 
Society  of  England.     His  publications  appeared  in  the  Ameri- 
can Journal  of   the  Medical   Sciences,   the   Maryland  Medical 
Journal,  the  British  Journal  of  Dental  Science,  Silliman's  Jour- 
nal, the  London  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science, 
the  Virginia  Medical  Monthly,  and  the  transactions  of  the  Med- 
ical and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion and  the  International   Medical   Congress.     Many  of  his 
papers  were  republished  in  other  journals.     His  longest  work 
was   his  treatise  on   "Plastic   Surgery"   in   the   "International 
Encyclopaedia  of  Surgery"  (Ashhurst),   New  York,   1881,  i, 
531-549-     A  French  edition  of  this  great  work  appeared  in 
Paris  in  1883.     Including  this  treatise,  I  have  been  able  to  col- 
lect forty-one  of  his  publications,  extending  from  1850  to  1889 
inclusive;  his  greatest  activity  as  an  author  was  manifested  in 
the  first  and  last  decades.     One  of  his  earliest  papers,  upon  the 
"Auditory  Apparatus  of  the  Mosquito"  attracted  a  good  deal  of 

837 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

attention  on  account  of  its  laborious,  careful  and  delicate  work ; 
it  appeared  in  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscpical  Science, 
London,  1855.  His  paper  on  the  "Microscopy  of  the  Blood," 
presented  to  the  International  Medical  Congress  at  Philadel- 
phia in  1876,  was  devoted  more  particularly  to  a  study  of  the 
red  corpuscles  and  the  differences  in  appearance  distinguishing 
these  in  man  and  various  other  animals. 

He  was  slow  and  careful  in  his  operations,  ingenious  in  devis- 
ing and  carrying  out  expedients,  with  great  attention  to  detail 
and  to  final  cosmetic  effect.  He  took  infinite  pains  with  his 
cases,  gave  as  much  labor  to  the  poorest  and  to  those  from 
whom  he  expected  no  recompense  as  to  the  rich.  He  was  par- 
ticularly successful  in  plastic  work.  He  was  the  first  in  Mary- 
land, in  1873,  to  perform  complete  extirpation  of  the  upper  jaw, 
and  to  operate  for  exstrophy  of  the  bladder,  which  he  did  with 
success  in  1876.  The  former  operation  was  preceded  by  tra- 
cheotomy. He  performed  tracheotomy  thirty-one  times  for 
various  conditions  with  thirteen  recoveries,  and  laryngotomy 
five  times  with  uniform  success  (Browne,  1880).  He  per- 
formed close  amputation  of  the  penis  for  epithelioma  with 
success. 

The  love  of  his  profession  was  one  of  the  most  marked  char- 
acteristics of  Dr.  Johnston's  career.  Jealous  of  the  reputation- 
and  rights  of  his  guild,  he  never  shrank  from  any  duty  or 
responsibility.  And  so  we  find  him  taking  part  in  organizing 
societies,  stirring  up  the  latent  esprit  de  corps  by  his  addresses 
and  cooperating  in  all  movements  for  the  advancement  of  his 
profession.  He  was  a  founder  of  the  Pathological  and  Clinical 
Societies  and  held  the  office  of  President  in  these  and  in  the 
Medical  Association,  the  M'aryland  Academy  of  Sciences,  the 
Alumni  Association  of  the  University  of  Maryland  and  the 

838 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  and  Surgical  Associations,  and  of  the  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress  held  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  an 
Associate  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia, 
and  a  delegate  from  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  to 
the  International  Medical  Congresses  held  at  London  in  1881 
and  at  Copenhagen  in  1884.  He  was  Consulting  Surgeon  to 
the  Church  Home  and  Inhrmary,  the  Baltimore  Hebrew  Hos- 
pital and  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 

Dr.  Johnston's  broad  sympathies  and  scientific  spirit  impelled 
him  to  recognize  and  foster  what  was  best  whether  at  home  or 
abroad.  And  so  when  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  was  inau- 
gurated here  in  1876,  it  found  no  warmer  adherent  and  well- 
wisher  than  he.  He  frequently  visited  its  laboratories  and 
museums  and  often  brought  on  his  return  from  European 
trips  some  additions  to  their  collections.  He  was  greatly  inter- 
ested in  the  optical  properties  of  crystals  and  at  the  very  time 
of  being  taken  ill  was  engaged  in  investigating  by  crystal  sec- 
tions the  character  of  an  apophyllite  sent  him  from  California. 
By  his  will  he  bequeathed  to  the  Johns  Hopkins  University  his 
medical  and  surgical  instruments,  his  cabinet  of  microscopical 
preparations,  his  cabinet  of  crystals  prepared  for  optical  pur- 
poses and  his  medical  library  which  included  a  large  number  of 
anatomical  illustrations  prepared  by  himself  for  his  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Maryland.  He  had  previously  given  to 
the  Biological  Museum  a  set  of  fossil  teeth  of  various  animals 
and  a  number  of  casts  of  skulls  of  apes. 

As  he  succeeded  Dr.  N.  R.  Smith  in  the  Chair  of  Surgery  at 
the  University,  so  he  succeeded  to  the  professional  standing 
which  that  great  surgeon  occupied  here  and  from  about  1870  to 
1890  he  was  unquestionably  the  leader  of  the  Baltimore  profes- 

839 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

sion.  As  such  the  duty  devolved  upon  him  of  receiving  at  his 
hospitable  board  the  distinguished  men  from  at  home  and 
abroad  who  visited  this  city.  He  there  introduced  to  his 
friends  many  eminent  men  whom  he  had  met  in  his  travels. 
He  was  warmly  attached  to  Edwin  Booth,  the  actor,  with 
whom  he  first  became  acquainted  when  called  to  attend  him 
for  a  wound  accidentally  received  in  a  fencing  scene  on  the 
stage  of  the  Holliday  Street  Theatre ;  also  to  the  distinguished 
Maryland  lawyers,  Reverdy  Johnson,  I.  Nevitt  Steele  and 
S.  Teackle  Wallis. 

He  visited  Europe  five  times,  on  the  last  occasion,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1886,  traveling  extensively  through  Russia,  Norway  and 
Sweden.  On  his  return  from  this  trip  he  wrote  a  very  inter- 
esting description  of  his  journey  to  North  Cape  and  his  obser- 
vations then  made. 

Dr.  Johnston's  personal  appearance  was  very  striking  and 
commanding.  He  was  about  six  feet  in  height  and  had  a 
graceful  and  erect  carriage.  His  hands  and  feet  were  remark- 
ably small.  He  had  red  hair  which  he  parted  in  the  middle 
and  a  full  red  beard.  As  he  grew  older  the  color  of  these 
changed  to  gray,  giving  him  a  very  venerable  appearance.  He 
was  neat,  somewhat  prim  in  his  attire.  His  most  striking 
feature,  however,  was  his  head  which  was  large  and  of  classical 
shape  and  well  poised  upon  his  broad  shoulders.  His  forehead 
was  broad  and  massive  and  betokened  a  superior  intellect. 
While  not  a  fluent  speaker,  he  expressed  himself  in  choice, 
precise  and  scientific  terms.  "He  spoke  the  French  and  Ger- 
man languages,"  says  Dr.  William  T.  Howard,  "with  almost 
equal  facility,  and  so  well  that  in  the  opinion  of  competent 
judges  he  might  have  been  readily  mistaken  for  a  native  of 
either  country." 

840 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

In  contemplating  Dr.  Johnston's  life,  we  are  at  once  struck 
with  his  lofty  character.  In  him  we  see  combined  the  courteous 
gentleman,  the  erudite  scholar,  the  cultivated  man  of  taste,  the 
dignified  and  skillful  physician.  In  earlier  years  certain  affec- 
tations together  with  an  ill-concealed  contempt  of  the  claims  of 
mediocrity  and  pretension  and  a  certain  hastiness  of  temper 
made  him  some  enemies,  but  when  the  mellowing  influence  of 
time  had  brought  self-control  and  had  fully  rounded  out  his 
character,  his  true  nobility  and  greatness  became  manifest.  He- 
knew  what  was  due  to  himself  and  to  his  profession  and  he  had 
the  courage  to  exact  it.  He  was  particularly  noted  for  insisting 
upon  adequate  compensation  for  his  professional  services  and 
for  maintaining  a  due  standard  of  rates,  for  which  the  younger 
generation  of  physicians  felt  particularly  grateful  to  him.  Pro- 
fessional honor  and  ethics  found  their  truest  exponent  in  him. 
He  was  strict  and  conscientious  in  meeting  and  discharging 
his  duties  and  engagements  and  he  never  slighted  or  hurried 
through  his  work.  He  was  always  ready  to  respond  to  the 
calls  of  his  brethren  or  the  appeals  of  the  poor,  and  "his  pres- 
ence in  the  sick  room,  with  his  kindness  of  heart,  his  polished 
courtesy  of  manner,  his  brightness  of  spirit,  his  ready  wit,  was 
as  a  sunbeam"  (Miltenberger).  His  religion  was  of  that  sort 
whose  depth  is  scarcely  suspected  by  the  superficial  observer, 
who  does  not  look  below  the  exterior.  The  stillness  of  the  sur- 
face was  only  due  to  the  depth  of  the  convictions  which  directed 
and  controlled  his  life. 

Dr.  Johnston's  ill-health  was  attributed  by  him  to  an  attack 
of  diphtheria  contracted  in  performing  an  operation  in  1884.  He 
never  fully  recovered,  but  manifested  increasing  infirmity  from 
this  time  on,  and  an  impediment  in  his  speech  gave  his  friends 
much  concern.     The  end  came  rather  suddenly.     On   Friday 

841 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

evening,  October  lo,  1891,  he  complained  of  feeling-  unwell, 
and  on  the  following  morning,  after  g-etting-  up  and  coming 
downstairs,  he  was  compelled  to  return  to  bed,  where  he  suf- 
fered for  some  hours  with  indigesition  and  abdominal  cramps. 
At  two  o'clock  on  Sunday  morning  he.  became  unconscious  and 
died  at  11. 15  A.  M.  In  the  death  certificate  "indigestion  and 
colic"  were  assigned  as  the  cause  of  death.  His  funeral  took 
place  from  St.  Paul's  Church,  of  which  he  was  an  active  mem- 
ber, and  was  attended  by  a  great  concourse  of  physicians  and 
prominent  citizens ;  his  remains  were  interred  at  Loudon  Park 
Cemetery. 

Dr.  Johnston  married  Miss  Sallie  C.  Smith,  the  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Price  Smith,  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  she  died  a  few 
years  before  him.  He  left  four  sons,  the  eldest  bearing  his 
name,  being  a  member  of  the  Faculty  of  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, and  one  daughter, 

FRANCIS   DONALDSON,  M.D. 

Dr.  Donaldson  was  born  in  the  city  of  Baltimore  on  the 
twenty-third  of  July,  1823.  He  was  the  fifth  and  youngest  son 
of  John  Johnston  Donaldson,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Franklin 
Bank  and  the  Baltimore  Insurance  Company.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Dr.  Prentiss'  School,  near  Baltimore,  but  his  father  was 
unable  to  give  him  the  advantages  of  a  college  education,  a 
source  of  deep  regret  to  himself.  He  began  his  medical  studies 
September,  1842,  as  an  office  student  of  Dr.  Samuel  Chew  and 
subsequently  spent  a  year  or  more  as  interne  at  the  Baltimore 
Almshouse,  Dr.  W.  C.  Van  Bibber,  who  was  his  fellow  student, 
has  described  him  at  this  time  in  glowing  terms.  Duty,  says 
he,  was  his  watchword  and  ever  uppermost  in  his  mind.  He 
was  extraordinarily  sensitive  and  shrinking.     He  was  industri- 

842 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

oiis,  painstaking  and  progressive.  All  felt  stimulated  by  bis 
presence  and  example  and  bis  ardor  and  entbusiasm  were  con- 
tagious and  irresistible.  He  was  a  leader  among  his  young 
associates.  Tbe  cbief  works  then  studied  were  those  of  Laen- 
nec,  Louis,  Trousseau,  Swett,  Stewardson,  and  Watson,  and  tbe 
reading  of  these  was  supplemented  by  tbe  inspiring  lessons  of 
Elisha  Bartlett,  William  Power  and  Thomas  H.  Buckler. 
"Happy  days,"  exclaims  Dr.  Van  Vibber,  "of  tireless  trimming 
of  the  midnight  lamp,  mutual  assistance  and  a  perpetual  search 
for  truth." 

Having  graduated  as  Doctor  of  Medicine  at  the  University 
of  Alary  land  in  1846,  he  now  visited  Europe  and  in  tbe  Charity 
Hospital  of  Paris  bad  the  opportunity  of  following  some  of 
those  great  teachers  whom  be  had  already  learned  at  Balti- 
more to  admire  and  whom  be  never  ceased  to  reverence.  Tbe 
revolt  against  empiricism  and  blood-letting  bad  then  gained 
the  day  and  be  embraced  with  ardor  the  new  rational  medicine. 

On  his  return  in  1848  be  was  appointed  Resident  Physician 
at  the  Marine  Hospital.  During  bis  two  years'  service  there, 
an  epidemic  of  typhus  fever  occurred  at  tbe  institution  and  be 
was  tbe  only  physician  connected  with  it  who  escaped  the  dis- 
ease. In  1850  be  entered  upon  private  practice  and  from  that 
time  until  almost  the  very  end  of  bis  life  be  consecrated  himself 
to  his  professional  duties  with  entire  devotion. 

From  1852  to  1855  he  was  an  Attending  Physician  to  the 
Baltimore  Almshouse,  and  from  1858  to  1863  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  at  the  Maryland  College  of  Pharmacy,  suc- 
ceeding Dr.  Charles  Frick  there.  In  1866,  by  the  division  of 
Dr.  Christopher  Johnston's  Chair,  be  received  tbe  appointment 
of  Professor  of  Physiology,  Hygiene  and  General  Pathology, 
and  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of  tbe  Throat  and  Chest  at 

843 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

the  University  of  Maryland.  In  1880  he  resigned  the  didactic 
part  of  his  Chair  and  in  1888  retired  from  teaching-  altogether. 

Beginning  his  studies  under  the  masterly  guidance  of  Wil- 
liam Power,  Dr.  Donaldson  paid  great  attention  while  abroad 
to  physical  diagnosis  and  for  many  years  he  was  facile  princeps 
in  diseases  of  the  chest  and  throat  at  Baltimore.  But  although 
so  eminent  in  this  field,  he  did  not  confine  himself  to  it ;  he  had 
also  a  large  general  and  consultation  practice  and  during  his 
office  hours  his  office  was  thronged  with  patients. 

In  personal  appearance,  Dr.  Donaldson  was  below  the  aver- 
age height  but  compactly  built.  He  was  a  man  of  active  and 
energetic  habits  of  mind  and  body  and  gave  one,  as  has  been 
truly  said,  the  impression  that  he  was  always  busy.  His  face 
was  always  cleanly  shaven.  Whilst  his  features  were  not  hand- 
some there  was  something  very  striking  about  them  and  one 
could  not  look  upon  his  face  without  recognizing  in  it  evidences 
of  uncommon  intelligence  and  ability.  He  had  a  peculiarly 
bright  expression  and  winning  smile  and  his  manners  were 
charming.  He  was  of  a  sensitive  and  retiring  disposition  and 
very  considerate  of  the  feelings  of  others.  He  was  an  enthu- 
siastic student  and  teacher  and  had  the  happy  faculty  of  com- 
municating his  enthusiasm  to  others.  Under  the  magic  of  his 
voice  and  earnest  manner,  the  driest  subjects  acquired  a  fresh 
interest.  A  favorite  expression  of  his  when  he  wished  to 
impress  a  fact  or  statement  particularly  upon  his  audience  (as 
all  his  students  will  recall)  was,  "Gentlemen,  stick  a  pin  there !" 
He  was  particularly  happy,  and  in  his  element  in  the  clinics. 
Few  men  have  secured  such  a  deep  hold  on  the  hearts  of  their 
patients  and  a  visit  from  him  was  worth  more  than  medicine. 
In  all  his  relations,  both  professional  and  lay,  he  was  courteous, 
courageous,  conscientious,  pure-minded  and  public-spirited,  an 

844 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

ideal  physician  and  an  ornament  to  his  profession  and  city.  He 
took  a  deep  interest  in  all  measures  and  enterprises  for  the 
advancement  of  his  fellow-man,  and  he  was  a  warm  friend  and 
a  generous  contributor  to  our  library.  He  was  deeply  but  not 
obtrusively  pious  and  a  consistent  member  and  communicant 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He  was  especially  inter- 
ested in  medical  education  and  at  the  very  beginning  of  his 
connection  with  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Maryland, 
he  urged  the  adoption  there  of  the  three-year  course  and  other 
advanced  methods  which  his  colleagues,  however,  at  that  time 
and  under  the  circumstances  deemed  impracticable. 

As  an  author  he  enjoyed  an  extensive  reputation  for  he  wrote 
with  studious  care  and  always  upon  subjects  with  which  he  had 
familiarized  himself  by  long  study  or  practical  experience.  His 
first  article  appeared  in  the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences  for  1851  and  was  upon  "Claude  Bernard's  Recent  Dis- 
coveries in  Physiology."  In  1853  he  published  in  the  same 
journal  an  article,  entitled  "The  Practical  Application  of  the 
Microscope  to  the  Diagnosis  of  Cancer,"  with  plates.  This 
paper  was  incorporated  almost  entire  into  the  "Pathological 
Anatomy"  of  Jones  and  Sieveking.  He  thought  at  this  time  that 
he  had  discovered  the  specific  cancer  cell ;  he  afterwards  frankly 
acknowledged  that  he  had  been  mistaken.  The  period  of  his 
greatest  activity  as  an  author  was  from  1866  to  1888.  The 
writer  has  a  list  of  twenty-three  of  his  papers  and  addresses 
covering  a  wide  range  of  subjects  relating  to  physiology,  his- 
tology, hygiene,  materia  medica,  and  afifections  of  the  chest  and 
throat.  He  is  the  author  of  a  fine  memoir  of  Dr.  Charles 
Frick  in  Gross'  "Lives  of  Eminent  American  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  1861,  and  of  an  article 
on  "Diseases  of  the  Pleura"  in  Pepper's  "System  of  Medicine," 
vol.  iii,  pp.  483-601. 

845 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Besides  the  positions  already  named,  he  held  those  of  Secre- 
tary of  this  Faculty  for  four  years ;  of  Attending  Physician  to 
the  Baltimore  General  Dispensary  for  two  years ;  of  Attending 
Physician  to  the  Church  Home  and  Infirmary  for  thirteen 
years ;  of  President  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland,  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  and  the 
American  Climatological  Association,  and  of  Consulting  Phy- 
sician to  the  Johns  Flopkins  Hospital.  He  was  for  many 
years  Examining  Physician  to  the  New  York  Mutual  and  other 
life  insurance  companies.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  the  American  Laryngological 
Association  and  various  local  societies,  and  Associate  Fellow 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia. 

Hardly  had  his  friend,  Dr.  Christopher  Johnston,  been  laid 
away  when  Dr.  Donaldson  claimed  a  like  service  from  his 
friends.  It  was  a  singular  coincidence  that  these  two,  bom 
in-the  same  city  within  a  year  of  each  other,  commencing  their 
careers  about  the  same  time,  graduates  and  professors  of  the 
same  school,  both  trained  in  the  hospitals  of  Paris,  living 
within  a  few  doors  of  each  other,  moving  along  side  by  side, 
holding  membership  and  office  in  the  same  societies,  and  each 
achieving  the  highest  eminence  in  his  chosen  field,  should  pass 
away  within  the  period  of  less  than  two  months.  One  of  the  last 
appearances  in  public  of  Dr.  Donaldson  was  at  the  memorial 
meeting  held  to  do  honor  to  his  life-long  friend  and  associate. 
It  was  a  deeply  impressive  scene,  witnessing  his  faltering  at- 
tempt to  speak  and  seeing  him  overcome  with  emotion.  Look- 
ing back  upon  it,  one  cannot  help  thinking  that  he  had  then  in 
his  mind  some  premonition  of  his  own  early  departure. 

He  had  not  been  well  since  an  attack  of  the  grippe,  from 
which  he  suffered  in  the  winter  of  1890-91.     It  was  noticed 

846 


FRANK    DONALDSON 

J823-1891 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

that  he  was  short  of  breath,  and  that  he  attended  to  his  pro- 
fessional duties  with  difficulty.  He  spent  the  summer  at  the 
Isle-of-Shoals,  but  was  not  benefited.  Symptoms  of  Bright's 
Disease  appeared.  For  some  weeks  prior  to  his  death  he  was 
confined  to  his  house  with  this  affection,  which  terminated 
his  life  on  the  ninth  of  December,  189 1,  at  one  A.  M.  The 
immediate  cause  of  decease  was  heart  failure.  The  cause  of 
death  assigned  in  the  death  certificate  was  "fatty  heart  and 
albuminuria."  He  was  buried  two  days  later  from  St.  Paul's 
Church,  of  which  he  was  a  member. 

Dr.  Donaldson  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Winchester,  the 
daughter  of  William  Winchester,  of  Baltimore,  besides  whom 
he  left  three  daughters  and  two  sons.  His  oldest  son  bears  his 
name  and  also  follows  his  profession. 


54 


847 


MEMBERS  ADMITTED  SINGE  1899. 

Honorary  : 

*Reed,  Walter,  Washington,  D.  C.  .^ 1901 

Schweinitz,  George  E.  de,  Philadelphia 1900 

Tyson,  James,  Philadelphia 1902 

Active  : 

Adams,  Frank  B.,  Baltimore. 1900 

Adams,  Wilmer,  Wye  Mills,  Md 1902 

Amberg,  Samuel,  Baltimore 1900 

Arthur,  Harry  H.,  Baltimore 1901 

Beck,  Harvey  G.,  Baltimore 1900 

Bolte,  John  Edward,  Harrisonville,  Md. 1902 

Bossyns,  Albert  J.,  Easton,  Md 1900 

Branin,  Charles  N.,  Baltimore 1900 

Broadrup,  George  L.,  Cumberland,  Md 1900 

Brown,  Hamilton  Diston,  Waverly,  Md 1900 

Buckler,  Humphrey  Warren,  Baltimore 1900 

Buckner,  Charles  Teackle,  Baltimore 1902 

Cannon,  Thomas  Harris,  Baltimore. 1902 

Chambers,  Albert  T.,  Baltimore 1901 

Chisholm,  Julian  F.,  Baltimore 1902 

Claggett,  Samuel,  Petersville,  Md 1900 

Claybrook,  Edwin  B.,  Cumberland,  Md . .  1901 

Coggins,  Jesse  C,  Catonsville,  Md 1902 

Cohen,  Lee,  Baltimore 1902 

Cole,  Rufus  Ivory,  Baltimore 1901 

849 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Conser,  Charles  Carlisle,  Baltimore. . 1901 

Cotton,  Albertus,  Baltimore.  , 1900 

Cromwell,  Benjamin  M.,  Eckhart  Mines,  Md 1902 

Dabney,  William  Minor,  Baltimore 1901 

Deetjen,  Christian,  Baltimore 1900 

Duane,  George  L.,  Baltimore 1900 

Duncan,  Edward  M.,  Govanstown,  Md 1901 

Edmunds,  Page,  Baltimore 1901 

Emerson,  Charles  Phillips,  Baltimore 1901 

Fenby,  Edwin  B.,  Baltimore 1901 

Fisher,  William  Alexander,  Jr.,  Baltimore , 1902 

Fitzhugh,  Henry  M.,  Baltimore 1901 

Flinder,  Harris  C,  Baltimore 1902 

Franks,  H.  Lee,  Baltimore 1901 

Freeman,  Elmer  B.,  Baltimore 1902 

French,  Warren  Kilburn,  Baltimore 1901 

Gale,  Henry  E.,  Baltimore 1902 

Galloway,  George  F.,  Federalsburg,  Md 1901 

Garrett,  Robert  Edward,  Catonsville,  Md 1902 

Goldsborough,  Martin  W.,  Princess  Anne,  Md 1902 

Gorsuch,  Harry  Kepler,  Baltimore 1902 

Grimes,  Samuel  Butler,  Baltimore 1900 

Gwyn,  Matthew  K.,  Manila,  P.  1 1900 

Hamburger,  Louis  P.,  Baltimore 1900 

Hargis,  C.  F.,  Pocomoke,  Md 1901 

Harrison,  J.  W.,  Middle  River,  Md 1901 

Hayden,  Benjamin  S.,  Baltimore 1902 

Hebb,  Arthur,  Baltimore 1901 

Hedges,  H.  Sheer,  Brunswick,  Md 1I902 

Henry,  William  T.,  Kent  Island,  Md 1901 

Hill,  Charles  Irwin,  Arlington,  Md 1900 

850 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Hinkel,  Henry  John,  Baltimore 1900 

Hoopes,  Fannie  E.,  Baltimore 1901 

Hubbard,  A.  George,  Baltimore 1902 

*Huger,  William  Elliott,  Jr.,  Baltimore 1900 

Hunner,  Guy  Le  Roy,  Baltimore 1902 

Hyde,  Harry  C,  Baltimore 1901 

Josephson,  Joseph  C.,  Baltimore 1902 

Kahn,  Howard,  Baltimore 1902 

Kennard,  Henry  Waters,  Baltimore 1902 

Knapp,  Hubert  Clement,  Baltimore 1902 

Knipp,  Harry  E.,  Baltimore , 1902 

Knox,  James  Hall  Mason,  Jr.,  Baltimore 1901 

La  Barre,  John  Pollard,  Baltimore 1902 

Lawlor,  Jeremiah  P.,  Baltimore 1900 

Legge,  John  Edwin,  Oakland,  Md 1901 

Lippitt,  William  Fontaine,  Baltimore 1902 

Litsinger,  Glenn  M.,  Baltimore 1902 

Luetscher,  John  Arthur,  Baltimore 1902 

Lynah,  Henry  Lowndes,  New  York  City 1901 

MacCallum,  William  G.,  Baltimore 1901 

Mace,  John,  Cambridge,  Md 1901 

Marshall,  Henry  Taylor,  Baltimore 1900 

Mayer,  A.  Henry  Albert,  Baltimore 1902 

Maynard,  S.  Sollers,  Frederick,  Md 1901 

McKee,  Alexander,  Baltimore 1900 

McKim,  Smith  Hollins,  Baltimore 1900 

McNeer,  Richard  L.,  Baltimore 1900 

Milbourne,  Leander  B.,  Baltimore 1901 

Mitchell,  George  W.,  Baltimore 1901 

Monmonier,  J.  Carroll,  Dickeyville,  Md 1902 

Monroe,  George  Ovelton,  Waldorf,  Md 1900 

851 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Morton,  James  Cook,  Baltimore 1901 

Naylor,  Harry  Allen,  Pikesville,  Md 1901 

O'Connor,  Denis  F.,  Baltimore , 1901 

Opie,  Eugene  L.,  Baltimore 1901 

Orem,  Frederick  Strattner,  Baltimore 1901 

Paddy,  Estep,  Huntingtown,  Md 1901 

Pancoast,  Omar  Borton,  Baltimore 1901 

Pearce,  Wilbur  M.,  Baltimore 1901 

Pearce,  William  H.,  Baltimore 1902 

Pleasants,  Jacob  Hall,  Jr.,  Baltimore 1900 

Plummer,  Edward,  Baltimore , 1900 

Potter,  Charles  Henry,  Baltimore 1900 

Pound,  John  C,  Baltimore. 1902 

Reeder,  James  Dawson,  Baltimore 1902 

Richardson,   Hubert,   Baltimore 1902 

Riely,  Compton,  Baltimore 1900 

Riley,  William  T.,  Baltimore 1902 

Roach,  Joseph,  Baltimore 1900 

Rosenheim,  Sylvan,  Baltimore 1901 

Rusk,  Glanville  Yeisley,  Towson,  Md 1902 

Samuels,  A.,  Baltimore 1900 

Savage,  Moses  M.,  Baltimore 1901 

Schaefer,  Otto,  Baltimore 1902 

Schwatka,  John  B.,  Baltimore 1900 

Schultz,  Edward  A.,  Baltimore 1902 

Seegar,  John  K.  B.  E.,  Baltimore 1901 

Seth,  Joseph  B.,  McDaniel,  Md 1902 

Shelley,  Albert,   Baltimore , .  1902 

Shriver,  Joseph  K.,  Jr.,  Taylor's  Island,  Md 1902 

Simpers,  Henry  G".,  Chestertown,  Md 1901 

Skillman,  Wilbur  F.,  Baltimore 1901 

852 


MEDICAL  AND  CHIRURGICAL  FACULTY 

Smith,  Richard  H.,  Havre  de  Grace,  Md > 1902 

Smith,  William  H.,  Baltimore 1901 

Spencer,  Ernest,  Bel  Alton,  Md 1902 

Steele,  Guy,  Cambridge,  Md 1901 

Steenken,  Charles  D.,  Baltimore 1902 

Steuart,  George  Hume,  Baltimore 1901 

Strobel,  Edgar  Randolph,  Baltimore 1900 

Sudler,  Mervin  Tubman,  Baltimore 1902 

Tannar,  Frederick  N.,  Vienna,  Md 1901 

Tarun,  William,  Baltimore 1901 

Thalwitzer,  Marie  E.,  Baltimore ^ 1901 

Thiede,  Gustav  A.,  Baltimore 1902 

Todd,  George  W.,  Salisbury,  Md 1901 

Todd,  Martillus  L.,  Baltimore 1902 

Tompkins,  John  Almy,  Baltimore 1900 

Ullrich,  J.  Harry,  Oxford,  Md 1902 

Ullrich,  Seth  S.,  Baltimore 1900 

Urquhart,  Richard  A.,  Baltimore 1901 

Walker,  George,  Baltimore 1900 

Warner,  Robert  A.,  Baltimore 1901 

Waters,  Mary  Augusta,  Baltimore 1901 

Wegefarth,  George  C,  Baltimore 1901 

Wentz,  Alexander  C,  Hanover,  Pa 1901 

West,  J.  Marshall  B.,  Baltimore 1902 

Westphal,  Herman,  Baltimore 1902 

Wheeler,  E.  Miles,  Baltimore 1902 

Wilson,   Gordon,   Baltimore , 1902 

Wilson,  T.  Robert  W.,  Baltimore 1902 

Winterode,  Robert  P.,  Catonsville,  Md 1902 


853 


INDEX. 


Abbott,  A.  C,  720 
Abell,  Dr.,  719 

"Abernethy  of  Talbot,"  489,  757 
"Abortion,"  217 
Absorbents,  751 

Academy   of   Medicine,    163,    182, 
189,  200,  211,  714,  715 
New  York,  239,  240 
of  Music,  162 

of   Sciences,  200,  211,  684,  689, 
694,  695,  707,  708,  797 
Act  enlarging  Baltimore,  .682 
to  establish  state  boards,  205 
first  overt  in  Maryland,  657 
founding   University   of    Mary- 
land, 679 
of  incorporation  requires  judges 
to  give  same  in  charge  to 
grand  juries,  iii 
infectious  diseases,  265 
lunacy.     See  Insane. 
qualifying  censors  to  grant  cer- 
tificates, 682 
restoring    license     (1892),    228, 
240,  246 
amended,   240,    241,    242,    246, 
260,  261,  290,  292,  727 
uniting  Washington  Univ.  and 
Col.  Phys.  and  Surgeons, 

714 

vital  statistics,  265 

of  1818,  684 

of    1838-39,    constitutionality   of, 

114,  115,  123,  130,  204,  205, 

207 


Act  of  1838-39,  effects  of,  103,  207 

Actuarius,  90 

Addison,  J.,  706 

Addresses.     See  Essays. 

Adulteration   of   food   and    medi- 
cines, 194 

Advertisements,  empirical,   119 
indecent,  iii,   119 

yEsculapius,  253,  292 

^sthesiometer,  730 

Aetius,  90 

Ahl,  J.  P.,  658,  690 

Aikin,  W.  E.  A.,  100,  697,  722 

Albers,  H.,  718 

Albert,  C,  718 

Albuminuria,   810 

Alexander,  Ashton,  28,  52,  64,  74, 
75,  76,  80,  82,  90,  126,  678, 
704 
S.,  273 

Allbutt's  system,  253 

Allen,  Moses,  657 
Zachary,  647 

Allender,  Joseph,   36,  64,  66,  66g, 
694 

Almshouse,  656,  657,  659,  666,  673, 
681,  687,  701,  708 

Alumni  Association  of  Baltimore 
Colleges,  117 
of    University    of    Maryland, 
698,  712 

American    Academy   of   Medicine, 
720 
Intelligencer    and    Medical    Li- 
brary, 97 


855 


INDEX 


American  Journal  of  Dental  Sci- 
ence, 696 
Medical    Association,     11,     116, 
119,  121,  122,  182,  186,  192, 
205,  217,  219,  249,  252,  699, 
700,   708 
College  Association,  723 
Monthly,  144 
Amoeba  coli,  724,  725 
Amos,  Corbin,  60,  65 
Amputation  of  both  legs  at  one 
sitting,   173 
of  hip  joint,   173,  179 
Amy]  nitrite,  196 
Anaesthetics,  117,  601 
"     in  midwifery,"  153 
Anasarca,  case  of,  cured  by  salt- 
petre, 72 
Anatomy  law,  717,  722 
Anatomical  hall,  55 

study,  legalizing  of,  173,  177 
Anderson,  E.,  227 
James,  47,  694 
James  M.,  52,  64,  686,  692 
J.  W.,  692 
Andrews,  Ephraim,  662 
G.  W.,  697 

Thomas,  656,  658,  660,  661,  662 
T.  H.,  12 
"Annals,  Medical,  of  Baltimore," 
184,  191,  193 
of  Maryland,"  264 
Annan,  S.,  53,  85,  96,  687,  (:^,  709 
Annapolis,  151,  238,  642,  646,  648, 

652,  669,  701 
Anne  Arundel  Co.,  642 
"Aneurism,  innominate,"  222 
Annual  meeting,  date  of  changed, 
178 
sessions  begun,  75 
"Antisepsis,  obstetrical,"  226 
Antiseptic  surgery.    See  Listerism. 
Antiviviseciionists,  166,  252 
"Aorta,  rupture  of,"  257 


Apothecary,  first  in  Maryl-ind,  645 
Archer,  G.  W.,  172,  750,  752 
James,  750 

John,  13,  52,  172,  655,  656,  669, 
678,  746 
Jr..  750 
Judge,  III 
R.  H.,  705,  750 
Thomas,  687,  748,  750 
Aretaeus,  90 
Armistead,  Col.,  684 
Armstrong,  R.  W.,  60 
Army  and  navy,  contributions  of, 

100 
Arnest,  J.,  69 

Arnold,  A.  B.,  168,  705,  713 
Art  in  medicine,  292 
Artery  forceps,  691 
ligation  of  common  iliac,  679 
of  external   iliac,  686 
of  middle  meningeal,  380 
Artists  represented  at  centennial, 

292 
Ashby,  T.  A.,   170,   171,  172,  208, 
212,  213,  217,  220,  222,  235, 
240,    241,    245,    250,    253, 
257,  261,  269,  291,  714 
Assembly,  General.      See  Legisla- 
ture. 
Assessment,    132,    159,    160,    172, 

176,  190 
Association    for   improvement   of 

condition  of  poor,  701 
Asthma,   197 

Asylum,  Female  Orphan,  673 
Athenaeum,  84,  96,    119,   122,   192, 
198,    217,    222,    234,    240, 
688,  694,  700 
Atkinson,  H.  B.,  697 
I.  E.,  168,  172,  208,  212,  219,  233, 
24s 
Attorney-general,  207 
Attorney,  state's,  247 


856 


INDEX 


Auscultation    and   percussion   first 

taught,  538,  697 
Austin,  P.  H.,  715 
Authors,  old,  donated  to  library,  go 
Autopsies,  640,  643,  645,  662 
Autopsy,  first  in  Md.,  640 

Bachelor  of  medicine,  56 

Bachelor  taxed,  654 

Bacillus  aerogenes  capsulatus,  726 

coli  communis,  227 

pyogenes  Uliformis,  729 

typhosus  from  the  blood,  730 
found  in  gall  bladder,  731 
Bacteriolog}^  210 
Baer,  J.  S.,  132,  708 

M.  S.,  84,  87,  115,  120,  I2S,  704 
Bagnall,  Anthony,  639 
Baker,  Miss  E.,  264 

S.,  61,  64,  65,  68,  69,  74,  76,  77, 
81,  88,  89,  91,  92,  94,  95, 
264,  292,  680,  683,  692,  694 

S.  G.,  98,  697 

Wesley,  666,  67^ 

Wm.,  679 

W.  N.,  100,  697 
Baldwin,  Julia,  149 
Baltimore  in  1773,  743 

in  1807,  58 

and  Annapolis  united  by  stage, 
663 

builds  first  frigate  for  navy,  657 

centennial  of,  691 

chartered,  640 

city  and  county  separated,  702 

College  of  Dental  Surgery,  105, 
119,  429,  433,  696 

county,  644 

fits  out  cruisers  for  navy,  657 

incorporated,  669 

iron  works,  651 

Journal  of  Medicine,  706 

and  Jonestown  united,  651 

laid  off,  649 


Baltimore  Medical  Annals,  170 
Medical    Association,    147,    149, 
152,  161,  182,  189,  200,  218, 
708,  715 
Institute,  116,  124,  696 
Journal,  710 

and  Bulletin,  710 
and  Physical  Recorder,  89,  676, 

763 
and  Surgical  Bulletin,  151 
and  Surgical  Journal  and  Re- 
view, 693 
"  writings      of      physicians      of," 

170 
"  Method,"   181 
Monthly    Journal    of    Medicine, 

691,  823 
monthly   medical   reunion,   717 
Observer,  54,  766 
occupied  by  Federal  troops,  706 
&  Ohio  R.R.,  corner  stone  laid, 
690 
incorporated^  689 
Relief  Association,  169,  170 
Oriole  festival,  717 
"  Physicians   of,"    170 
of  in  1779,   12 
streets  lighted,  662 

paved,  661 
taxable  property,  669 
tonnage,  665 
trade,  668 
Baltzell,  John,  44 

Bank  of  Baltimore  chartered,  668 
City,  68s 

of  Maryland  chartered,  665 
of  U.  S.,  682 
Bantz,  Wm.,  688 
Barber,  Luke,  643,  644 
Barker,  L.,  730 
Barnett,  Dr.,  682 
Barney,  Commodore,  657 
Barnum's  hotel,  688 
Bartholow  R.,  159,  163,  291 


857 


INDEX 


Bartlett,  E.,  698,  699,  704 
Bath,   city  commission,   289 
Baths,  public,  246,  265,  289     - 
Battey's  operation,  174,  716 
Battle  of  Antietam,  707 

of  Monocacy,  707 

of  North  Point,  680 

of  Providence,  643 
Baxley,  H.  W.,  53,  87,  89,  92,  95, 

96,    105,    695,    696,    713 
Bayly,  A.  H.,  220,  699,  727 
Bayview  Asylum,  708 

medical  appointments,  720 
Beale,  Jos.  A.,  691,  "722, 
Beanes,  Wm.  Jr.,  688 
Beard,  W.,  12,  658,  660 
Beatty,  C.  A.,  696 

G.  D.,  714 
Beer,  G.  J.,  796 
Belair,  248 

Beneficial  Association.     See  Fund 
for  Widows  and  Orphans. 
"Bennett,     J.     Hughes :     his     ser- 
vices," 27s 
"Benny  Havens  O!"  521 
Bequest,   Baxley,   713,  725 
Berryman,  U.  H.,  701 
Beucke,  J.,  705 
Bevan,  Charles  F.,  261 
Bibliography,  medical,  186 
Bill  against  animal  experimenta- 
tion, 252 

institution  for  feeble-minded,  202 

Medical  College,  54,  56,  676 
practice,   197,   198 

Quarantine,  234 

regarding  insane,  203 

stolen,  168 
Billings,  J.   S.,  158,  166,  186,   190, 

250,  291,  723 
Billingslea,  J.  L.,  717 

M.  B.,  732 
Binx,  George,  641 
Biography,  297 


Birckhead  L.,  707 

S.,  64,  65,  68,  678,  694 
Birnie,  C,  246,  255,  288,  290,  291 

John,  743 
Births.     See  Deaths. 
Bishop,  Dr.,  255 
Bladder,  exstrophy  of,  838 

and   ureter,    examination   of   fe- 
male, 272 
Bladders,  man  with  two,  164 
Bled  to  death,  643 
Blind  asylum,  703 
"Blindness  preventable,"   192,  236, 

242,  247,  259,  26s,  290 
"     in  the  U.  S.,"  227 
Block,  E.  B.,  730 
Blood  analyses,  809 
"     current    effect    of    drugs    on," 
227 

first  shed  in  civil  war,  706 

microscopy  of,  838 

letting,  670 
"    pressure  in  coronary  arteries," 

174 
Board,  Eastern  Shore,  163 
of  examiners.     See  Examiners. 
of  honor,  119 
Bond,  A.  K.,  235,  248 
John,  653 
Oliver,   686 
Phineas,  647 
Thomas,  647,  652,  653 
T.  E.,  57,  59,  64,  82.  87,  705 
Jr.,  105,  696,  708,  711 
Book  and  Journal  Club,  254,  258, 

260,  264,  289,  729 
Books,  medical,  to  be  read  by  stU'- 
dents,  84 
studied  in  1799,  35 
Booth,  Edwin,  840 
Boracic  acid,  174,  591,  716 
Bordley,  J.,  228 
Botanic  garden  proposed,  219 
of  S.  C,  19 


858 


INDEX 


Boulden,  J.  E.  P.,  716 
Bourke,  Thomas,  658 
Bowditch,  Dr.,  122 
Bowie,  John,  689 
Boyd,  John,   12,   17,   19,  655,  656, 
657,  658,  659,  660,  664,  666 
Boyer,  Thomas,  694 
Boyland,  G.  H.,  194 
Braddock's  defeat,  652 
Bradford,  E.  H.,  271,  281 
Brain,  abscess  of,  215 

functions  of,  154 
Brand    system    in    typhoid    fever, 

358 
Branham,  J.   H.,  213 
Brevitt,  Joseph,  669,  675,  696 
Brice,  Judge,   11 1 
Brinton,  W.,  235,  291 
Briscoe,  J.  H.,  89,  113,  115,  704 
British   Museum,  187 
Brooke,   Baker,  644,  645,  646 
John,  646 

R.,  47,   650,  652,  653,  654,   657, 
662,  681 
Brookeville  Academy,  680 
Brown,  Gov.  F.,  238 
George,    12,    17,   52,   57,    59,   64, 
661,  664,  665,  667,  668,  678, 
687 
Gustavus,  648,  673 

R.,  47,  48,  659,  675 
James,   727 
Morgan,  "jd,  96,  697 
Septimus,  719 
T.  R.,  152,  157,  i6s,  715 
Browne,  B.  B.,  165,  170,  172,  205, 

208,  261,   269,   713 
Bruce,    C.   D.,  62,  65 
Brune,  T.  B.,  173,  177,  208,  726 
Brush,  E.  N.,  245,  261,  291 
Bryant,  J.  D.,  254 
Buchanan,  George,  12,  13,  17,  172, 
649,    650,    651,    661,    664, 
665,  666,  672,  dyy 


859 


Buchanan,  Judge,  iii 
Buck,    Gurdon,    154 
Buckler,  J.,  82,  84,  201,  228,  292, 
708 

R.,  720 

T.   H.,   100,   106,  701,   702,   703, 
732 
Bureau    of    information    and    reg- 
istration, 293 
Burgess,  Richard,  659 
Burial  of  dead.    See  Cremation. 
■'Burking,"  case  of,  721 
Bust  of  ^sculapius,  253,  292 

of  S.  Baker,  292 

of  J.  Buckler,  228,  292 

of  Hippocrates,  253,  292 

of  C.  Johnston,  292 

of  N.  R.  Smith,  228,  292 
Byrd,  H.  L.,  708,  711,  716,  720 
Byrne,  B.  M.,  707 

Cadden,  C.  W.,  715 

Caesarean    section,    213,    453,    478, 

694,  695,  806 
Caldwell,  C.,  84 

J.  B.,  81,  683,  686 

J.  J.,  161 
Calhoun,  Mayor  J.,  Z7 
Calomel,  use  of,  79 
Calvert  dies,  642 

County,  642 
Cambridge,  220 
Cancer  of  breast,  272 

of  rectum,  282 

as  a  parasitic  disease,"  285 
Canfield,  W.  B.,  217,  245,  255 
Cardinal  Gibbons,  271 
Carotid  artery,  ligation  of,  126,  688 
Carotids,  ligation  of  both,  483,  488 
Carpenter,  G.  H.,  245 
Carr,  S.  J.,  290 
Carrere,  John,  693 
Carroll,  Charles,  653,  684 

Bishop  John,  665,  674,  dyd 


INDEX 


Cars,  city  passenger,  706 

Cartwright,  S.  A.,  82 

Cassiday,  a  murderer,  15,  663 

Catalogues  of  library,  2.T,  90,  95, 
97,  113,  124,  150,  158,  161, 
164,  166,  199,  258,  264,  291, 
702 

Cataract  couching,  601 
extraction,  2)Z>  806 

Cathedral  consecrated,  686 
foundation  laid,  675 

Catheterization  of  male  ureter, 
727,  730 

Catholic  bishop,  first  in  America, 
665 
council,    first   in   America,   664, 

701,  702 
school  of  theology,  first  in  U. 
S.,  (i^ 

Causin,  N.  P.,  Ti 

"Caustics  in  dermatological  prac- 
tice," 168 

Celsus,  90 

Censors,  45,  51,  65,  66,  ^^,  84,  88, 

93 

Centennial,  145,  270 
"  advancement    in    medical    edu- 
cation," 288 

volume,  264 
Cerebral  localization.      See  Brain, 

Functions  of. 
"Cerebro-spinal  meningitis,"  266 
Certificate,  surgeon's,  56 
Certificates,  673 

and  licenses,  first,  43 

of  membership,  51 
Cervix  uteri,  excision  of,  688,  788 
Chadwick,  J.  R.,  250,  2^7,  291 
Chaisty,  E.  J.,  718 
Chaille,  S.  E.,  166 
Chambers,  E.  F.,  96,  in 
Chancellor  of  college,  56 

C.  W.  154 
Chancre  of  tonsil,  197 


Chapman,  John,  697 
Chaplain,  J.  S.,  71 
"Character    of    the    model    physi- 
cian,"  154 
Charity      Organization      Society, 

22,7 
Charles  County,  642 

I.  beheaded,  642 

II.  proclaimed,  642 
Charlotte  Hall  Academy,  656 
Charter  of  Maryland,  639 

of  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty, 20,  21,  54,   118,   123, 
127,    129,    130,    132,    133, 
204,  207 
Chartered    rights,     discussion    of. 

See  Charter. 
Chatard,  F.  E.,  722 
P.,  678,  687,  701 
report  on  obstetrics,  134,  704 
on  yellow  fever  of  1800,  39 
"Chatsworth,"    648 
Cheever,  D.  W.,  257,  260,  291 
"Chemistry     in     its     relation     to 

medicine,"  164 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal 
opened,  691 
and  Ohio  Canal,  690 
Chetham,  Edward,  648 
Chew,   S.,  90,    loi,    109,    142,   143, 
147,  697,  702,  707 
S.  C,  167,  253,  254,  271,  291,  707 
Chisolm,  J.  J.,   169,  182,  184,  192, 

197,  217,  709,  711 
Cholera  epidemic,  94,  120,  196,  233, 
692,  701,  702,  703,  708 
infantum,  82,  678 
Christie,  Robert,   19 
Church,  Circular  Baptist,  682 
Home  and  Infirmary,  85,  703 
first  Independent  Christ's,  682 
P.  E.  centennial,  719 

established,  646 
St.  Paul's,  683 


860 


INDEX 


Church,  St.  Peter's  R.  C,  725 

W.  B.,  648 
Cinchona.     See  Peruvian  Bark. 
Circular,  125,  236,  270 
City  Hall,  691 
Clagett,  J.  E.,  708 

Z.,  689 
Claggett,  Bishop  T.  J.,  666 
Claims  preferred,  46 
"     of   science   for   its   own    sake," 

168 
Clark,  Dr.  685 
Claude,  A.,  238 

D.,73 

Clendinen,  Alex.,  683,  684,  707 
W.  A.,  73,  III,  701 
Wm.  H.,  683,  684,  696,  703 
Clinic  on  children,  603,  708 
first  out-door,  603 
nervous,  710 
Clinics,  683 
"Clitoris,    amputation    of    hyper- 

trophied,"   197 
Club,  Delphian,  544 

Tuesday,  650 
Coaches  established  between  Bal- 
timore and   Philadelphia, 
661 
Baltimore,  Frederick  and  An- 
napolis, 661 
Ccale,  E.  J.,  74 
G.  B.,  172 
S.   S.,   12,   17,  18,  657,  658,  660, 

661,  664,  665,  671 
Skipwith,  682 
Coats,  John,  678 
Cocaine,  196 
Coccus  of  sputum  septicaemia,  175, 

231 
Cccke.  James,   55,  57,  61,  62,  69, 

67s.  680 
Cockey,  J.  C,  717 

J.  P.,  90 
Cockrill,  J.  J.,  149 


Cod  liver  oil  introduced,  121 
Cohen,  J.  I.,  90,  102,  103,  107,  113, 
114,  IIS,  118,  129,  131,  133, 
135,  139,  689,  697,  710 
S.  S.,  251,  257,  291 
Cole's  Harbor,  645 
Coleman,  R.,  697 
College,  Baltimore,  59,  674,  686 
Medical,  281,  717 
City,  713 
Cokesbury,  668 
Frederick  City,  669 
Jeflferson  Medical,  821 
Loyola,  703 

Maryland  Medical,  270,  281,  731 
Medical  building,  679 
of  Medicine  of  Md.,  54,  59,  83, 

131,  676 
Medical,  proposed,  14 
Mount  St.  Mary's,  674 
Physicians   and   Surgeons,    171, 
270,  711,  712,  714,  720,  724, 
730 
Philadelphia,  172,  655 
Princeton,  172 
Rock  Hill,  70s 
St.  James,  698 
St.  John's,  706,  708,  662,  664 
St.  Mary's  55,  S9,  666,  675,  703 
Southern     Homoeopathic,     724, 

726 
Washington  (Chestertown),66i, 
719 
(Penna.),  689 

Medical  (Balto.),  8s,  86,  692, 
694,  695,  696 
Woman's  Medical,  202,  307,  717, 

727 
Yale,  172 
Colleges,    medical   make   demands, 

261 
Collins,  Stephen,  53,  106 
Collodion  introduced,   121 


861 


\ 


INDEX 


Colored  physician,  first  admitted,  I    Conrad,  J.  S.,  167,  182,  197,  203 


177,  627 
Colotomy,  714 
Colton,  Dr.,  698 
Comet  discovered,  717 
Committee  on  blindness,  241 
centennial,  241,  256,  270 
chemistry,  123 
on    conversation    meetings,    117, 

123 
of    correspondence,    record    and 

publication,  64 
editorial,  107,  109 
ethics,  269 

executive,  144,  145,  146,  149,  706 
finance,  256 
hygiene,  195,  197 
legislation,  246,  257,  260,  265,  269 
library,  269.     See  also  Library. 
membership,  212,  213,  219,  229, 

290 
memoir,  117,  123,  269 
new  members,  117,  123 
obstetric,  123 

pathology  and  practice,  123 
permanent  location,  245 
pharmacopoeia,  117,  123 
programme,  229,  269 
publication.     SteTransactions.    . 
public  health,  233,  240,  255,  258, 

264,  289 
purchasing,  149 
reception,  172 

sanitation.     See  Public  Health. 
surgery,  123 
Committees,    standing,     117,     123, 

142,  240,  269 
Company,    Ancient    and    Honor- 
able  Mechanical,  654 
first    for    Revolution    at    Balti- 
more, 656 
Confidential   communications,   162, 

163 
Congress  meets  at  Baltimore,  659 


Constitution,    153,    159,    166,    169, 

172,  173,  176,  178,  189,  193, 

195,  201,  205,  229,  240,  246, 

256,  268,  731 

Consumption  contagious,  67,  677 

"Contagion,"  7^ 

"Contribution    to    medical    history 

of  Md.,"   157 
Convention,     delegates     appointed 
to    national    medical,    98, 
107,  116 
Cooke,  T.,  Jr.,  261 
Cooksey,    Francis,  60 
Coomes,  S.,  62,  65 
Co-operation,  9 

Cordell,  E.  F.,  170,  192,  196,  208 
Corrosive   sublimate,   191,  226 
Coskery,  F.  S.,  712 
O.    J.,    151,    159,    168,    173,    188, 

208,  215,  723 
Wm.,  692 
Coulbourn,  A.  W.,  721 
Coulter,  John,  36,  656,   658,   667, 
677,  678,  688 
M.,  697 
Councilman,  W.  T.,  238,  266,  291, 

71S,  720,  730 
"Country  doctor,"  265 
Course,  annual  lengthened,  696 
four-year,  729 
three-year,  723,  725 
Court,  first  in  BaJto.  Co.,  644 
first  in  Md.,  640 
first  U.  S.  at  Balto.,  665 
Courthouse  erected,  676,  677 
Courtland  St.   Building,   149,   153, 
ISS,  157,  160,  163,  167,  171, 
17s,  ^77,   198 
Cox,  C.  C,  53,  123,  13s,  136,  718 

E.  G.,  719 
Coxe,  E.  C,  718 
Cradock,  John,  655,  661,  668 
Thomas,  655,  656,  657,  659,  686 


862 


INDEX 


Craig,  Dr.,  731 

James,  655,  659 
Craigen,  W.  J.,  244 
Crane,  Dr.,  96,  136 
Crawford,  Adair,  758 

John,  48,  52,  53,  54,  64,  65,  66, 
69,  669,  671,  672,  (>7z,  674, 

677,  678,  680,  758 
Crawford's    library   purchased    by 

University  of  Md.,  89 
Cremation,  197 
Crim,  W.  H.,  732 
"Crime  and  its  prevention,"  214 
Cromwell,   John,    64,    65,    (^,   94, 

678,  693 
Oliver,  642,  643 

Cryptorchidism,  192 
Cullen,  T.  S.,  261 
Cumberland,   150,   244 
Cuneiform  tablets,  292 
Curator,  163,  171,  176 
Currie,  Wm.,  753 
Curtis,  H.,  60 
Cushing,  H.  W.,  731 

DaCosta,  J.  M.,  254 

Dalcho,   F.,  14,  17,  18,  664 

Daly,  J.  W.,  689 

"Danger  and  duty  of  hour,"  173 

Dare,  Dr.,  708 

Dashiell,  W.  A.,  657,  660 

Daugherty,  T.,  721 

Davidge,  J.  B.,  zd,  2,7,  4i,  42,  52, 
S2,  54,  55,  57,  59,  61,  64, 
69,  81,  668,  669,  671,  674, 
67s,  676,  683,  688,  691,  77Z 

Davidson,  James,  678 

Davis,  Elijah,  691 
W.  H.,  112,  117,  123,  717 

Dawson,  R.,  62,  65 

Day,  Dr.,  670 

Deaths,  births,  etc.,  registration  of, 
12,  118,  121,  123,  124,  133, 
154,  168,  642,  665,  718,  720 


De  Butts,   E.,  53,  62,  7z,  75,  76, 

680,  683,  692 
Debt,  263 
"    of   the   public    to   the   medical 

profession,"  280 
Decimal    system    of    weights    and 

measures  urged,  135 
Declaration  of  Independence,  659 
De  Corse,  Capt.  John,  15 
De  Coursey,  Michael,  645 
Degree  of  LL.D.,  688 
of  M.B.,  747,  753 
of  M.D.  Hon.,  689,  747 
"  of    certainty    in    therapeutics," 

159 

Delaware   Regiment,    First,   20 

Delegate  to  Europe,  113 

Delegates    from    local    societies, 
269 

De  Loughery,  E.,  721 

Denny,  T.,  84,  87,  682 

Dental  instruction,  early,  105,  429, 
433,  686,  695 

Dentistry,  school  of,  717 

Dentists  licensed,  46,  105 

DeWolf,  J.  H.,  219 

Diabetes,  810 

Dickinson,  S.  S.,  697 

Dickson,  Benjamin,  788 

"Dietetics  in  disease,"  191 

Dinner,  centennial,  287 

"Diphtheria,"  224,  717 

"Diphtheritic  ulceration  of  air  pas- 
sages," 182 

Diplococcus  meningitidis,  266 
pneumonicB,  716,  724 

Diploma  of  College  of  Medicine 
of  Md.,  60 
does  not  entitle  to  license,  51, 

198 
first  medical,  655,  748 
honorary  of  1723,  172 
not  required  for  practice,  142 
of  University  a  state  license,  97 


863 


INDEX 


Diploma   of    University    of   Glas- 
gow, 745 
Diplomas,  presentation  of,  172 

recognition  of,  86,  123 
Directory,  city,  669 

medical,  121 
Dirickson,   E.  J.,  261 
"Disease  and  recovery,"  251 
Diseases  in  Baltimore  in  i8og-ii, 

66,  67,  68 
Discussion,  medical,  13 
Disinfection   by   steam,   229,   233, 

Dislocation  of  humerus,  576,673,793 
Dispensary,    Baltimore    General, 
672,  676,  684,  761 
clinics,  708 
Eastern,  684 
for  eye,  688 
Southern,  700 
special,  703,  706,  708 
University,  710 

for   women,   first   at   Baltimore, 
317,  23^ 
Dispute,  medical,  23 
Dissection,  59 

made  compulsory,  693 
mob,  15,  55,  663,  676 
District  of  Columbia  Med.  Asso- 
ciation,   memorial    from, 
252 
75th  anniversary,  240 
Districts  formed,  54 
Diuretics,  810,  814 
Dobell,  B.,  670 
Doctor,  Indian,  prosecuted,  84 

of  Medicine,  56 
"        by  act  of  Assembly,"  57 
"Does  medicine  advance?"  260 
Donaldson,  R,  123,  124,  125,  127, 
138,  140,  147,  159,  160,  178, 
182,  196,  208,  257,  703,  708, 
726,  842 


Donaldson,  F.,  Jr.,  181,   197 

H.  H.,  181 

W.,  57,  59,  64,  65,  69,  81,  84,  87, 
680,  686,  694,  763 
Doncastle,  John,  655 
Donovan  room,  272,  292 
Dorling,  Moses,  668 
Dorsey,  Fredk.,  705 

H.,  686 

J.  W.,  688 

Judge,  III 

R.  E.,  713 

W.  H.,  60 
Doughady,  Johnsey,  673 
Dougherty,  B.  A.,  713 
Douler,  Dr.,  672 
Drug  store,  first  at  Balto.,  051 

first  in  Queen  Anne  Co.,  675 
"Drugs,  action  of,"  196 
Drugs,  potent,  194 
Drysdale,  Thomas.  666,  667,  671 
Ducachet,  W.  H.,  684 
Ducatel,  Jules  T.,  684,  688,  701 
Duckett,  R.  I.,  673 
Duel,    Pattison-Cadwallader,    530, 
688 

between  students,  690 
Dues,  annual.   140 
Duhamel,  W.  J.  C,  710,  719 
Dulaney,  Dr.,  719 
Dulin,  A.  F.,  120,  126,  713 
Dunan,  A.,  93 

L.  M.,  672 
Dunbar,  J.  R.  W.,  97,  98,  100,  113, 
IIS,  116,  117,  121,  122,  123, 
125,  126,  142,  149,  695,  696, 
711 
Dunglison,  R.,  53,  90,  97,  693,  710 
Dunkel,  Dr.,  675 
Dunott,  T.  J.,  166,  727 
Durham,  Aquila,  670 
Durkee,   R.   A.,  97,  98,   109,    118, 

701 
Dysentery,  653,  667,  668,  720 


864 


INDEX 


Ear,  diseases  of,  823 
Earle,  Dr.,  682 

J.  c,  732 

S.  T.,  217,  228,  248 
East     Baltimore     Lycseutn     and 
Franklin     Inst,     founded, 

^7 

Eastman,  L.  M.,  708 

Easton,  annual  meeting  at,  122 

semi-annual    meetings    at,     129, 
132,  232 
Ebers  papyrus,  292 
Edgar,  J.  C,  287 
Edison  fluoroscope,  255 
Edrington,  E.  G.,  97,  126 
Education,  committee  on,  156 

in  Maryland,  640 

preliminary,   195 

reform  in  medical,  155 
Elbert,  John  L.,  657 

L..  655 
Electric  railway,  first,  721 
Elkton,  hospital  at  during  Revo- 
lution, 506 

malignant  bilious  fever  at,  675 
Ellis,  C.  M.,  246,  265,  291 
Ellyson,  Robert,  640 
Elzey,  Arnold,  684 
Emory,  J.  D.,  51,  681,  694 
"Empyema,"  240 

Endocarditis,    ulcerative,    due    to  j 
bacillus  diphtheriticus,  727  ! 
Endowment    fund.    University    of 

Maryland,  727 
"Epidemic  diseases,"  151 
Epidemics  of  1813  and  1814,  757 
Epizootic,  653,  711,  717 
Ergot,  use  of,  558,  692 
Erich,  A.    F.,    159,    165,   709,   712, 

714 
Essays.  82,  87,  92,  149 
Ethics,  129,  :68,  169,  182,  186,  192, 

219 


Ethics,  first  code  of  in  Md.,  94,  692 

Etting,  Solomon,  689 

"European  medicine  in  1799,"  282 

Eutaw  Street  Hall,  245,  248,  251, 
254,  255,  263 

Evans,  A.  A.,  675 
T.  B.,  208 

Examiners,  medical,  56,  57,  65,  69, 
73,  77,  84,  86,  93,  119,  123. 
129,  136,  137,  138,  154,  ISS, 
162,  176,  198,  207,  215,  220, 
228,  241,  242,  246,  261,  726 

Examination  for  license,  54 
preliminary,  686,  723 

Examining  board,  proposal  to  do 
away  with,  72 

Excision  of  upper  jaw.  See  Jaw, 
Upper. 

Executive  committee,  45,  148, 
150,  151,  154,  15s,  156,  157, 
159,  160,  161,  167,  189,  193, 
198,  211,  216,  219,  229,  230, 
23s,  236,  246,  253,  264,  289, 
290 

Exhibition,  centennial,  of  portraits, 
books,  etc.,  276,  291 
of  drugs,  199,  211,  218,  230,  235, 
241,  253,  264,  272,  288,  289, 

293 
Exile  during  Revolution,  743 
Experimental      physiology      and 

microscopy,  703 
Expert,  medical,  162 
Expulsion  of  members,   119    144, 

173,  219 
"Extremes  in  therapeutics,"  162 
Eye  diseases,  ward  for,  688 
treatise  on,  688,  798 
and  ear  diseases,  chair  of,  711 
Dispensary,  Baltimore,  712 
Infirmary,  697,  709 
Institute,  358,  711 
malignant  disease  of,  cured,  122 


865 


INDEX 


"Faculty,"  the  name,  187 
Falls,  M.,  13,  66s,  669 
Fassitt,  T.  S.,  699 
Fauntleroy,  A.  M.,  176,  179,  721 
Fee,  entrance,  269 

table,  159,  170,  244,  640,  660 
Fees,   medical,    12,   169.   643,   644. 

645,  653,  659,  686 
Feeble-minded,     institution     for, 

186.  202.  212.  723 
Fells  Point,  656 
institute,  694 
Fever,  bilious.  674 
epidemic.  6.79 
intermittent,    prussiate   of   iron 

in..  687 
malignant,  653,  654,  670,  675 
milk,  227 
remittent,  808 
spotted,  653,  678 
typhoid,  227,  358 
typhus,  87,  664,  693,  710 
yellow,   Tz,   4S6,   666,   667,    669, 
670,  671,  (>^2,  673,  676,  68s, 
703,  713,  715,  752 
yellow  at   Norfolk  and   Ports- 
mouth, 704 
Fibro-adeno-enchondroma,    remov- 
al of,  173 
Finances,  139,  151 
Fine,  642 

Finney,  J.  M.  T.,  255 
Fire-engine,    first    at    Baltimore, 
65s,  7oa 
first  in  Md.,  652 
Fisher,  W.,  76,  84,  106,  715 

W.  R.,  698 
Fiske  fund,  610 
Fitz,  R.  H.,  23s,  238,  291 
Flag,  first  continental,  6s7 
Fleming,  G.  A.,  269 
Fletcher,  R.,  250 
Flexner,  S.,  2SS,  728,  729 


Fonerden,  Adam,  37 
J-,  53,  86,  87,  89,  90,  92,  93,  94. 
95,  96,  97,    112,    114,    119, 
121,  122.  710 
Forceps,  Chamberlen's,  257 
Knight's,  706 
Neale's,  196 
Foreman,  E..  721 

"Form  of  pulse  wave  and  mean  ar- 
terial  pressure  in  a  dog 
with  patent  ductus  arte- 
riosus," 180 
Fort  McHenry,  497,  667 
bombardment  of,  680 
S.  J.,  245 
Forwood,  W.  S.,  721,  727 
Foucht,  Jacob,  33 

Fracture  of  clavicle,  apparatus  for,. 
682 
of  lower  jaw,  apparatus  for,  807 
of  thigh,  apparatus  for,  686 
Frasnkel,  175,  231 
Frailey,  Dr.,  90 
Franklin,  B.,  47 

Saloon,  113 
French  encamp  at  Baltimore,  661 
Fredericktown,  13,  136,  269,  717 
Frick,  C,  116,  130,  146,  2S3,  2S4, 
700,  701,  702,  703,  70s,  706, 
807 
fund,  2S3,  2S7,  2S8,  264,  288,  289 
G.,  81,  82,  684,  687,  688,  710,  795 
library,  253,  257,  730 
Friedenwald,  A.,  216,  217,  2S3,  72)'2' 
J.,  261 
H.,  244 
Fulton,  J.  S.,  261 
"Functions  of  the  State  Faculty," 

255 
Fund,  building,  264,  288,  290 

centennial,  270 

endowment.     See    Fund,    Build- 
ing. 


866 


INDEX 


Fund,  sinking,  253 
for  widows  and  children,  of  de- 
ceased members,  75,   113, 
123 

"GaiTj  human,"  281 

Gaither,  G.  R.,  288 

"Ganglion  cells,  physiology  of,"  227 

Gannt.  Edward,  695 

Gardner,  W.  S.,  227,  235,  261 

Garnet,  George,  654 

Garretson.  F..  i.t;o 

Garrett,  Mary  E.,  726 
Sanitarium.  722.  724 

Gas,  first  use  of  for  lighting  in 
the  world,  682 
from  wood  discovered,  673 

"Gasserian    ganglion,    excision    of 
for  facial  neuralgia,"  237 

Gastrotomy,  188 
by  a  cobbler,  751 

"  and  gastro-enterostomy,"  257 

Geddings,  E.,  53,  89,  95,  96.  693, 
715 

Georgetown    contributes    to    yel- 
low fever  sufferers,  79 

Gerard,  Thomas,  640,  641,  643,  644 

Germ,  theory,  210,  jdy,  781 

Gettysburg,  battle  of.  707 

Ghiselin,  R.,  688 

Gibson,  C.  B.,  707 
G.  S.,  90,  T09,  III,  711 
W.,   62,   76,   678,   679,   680,   683, 
684,  686,  694,  695,  709,  802 

Gichner,  J.  E.,  255 

Gilchrist,  T.  C.,  269 

Gillingham,  E.,  82,  83,  683,  689 

Gilman,  D.  C,  271,  287 
J.,   14/,   146,   147,    148,   152,   180, 
189,  704,  719 

Girardin,  L.  H.,  686 

Giraud,  J.  J.,  672,  696 

Gist,  Mordecai,  656 

Gittings,  S.,  689 


Goddard,  William,  656 
Godefroy,  M.,  681,  764 
Godman,  J.  D.,  692,  771 
Godson,  Peter,  642,  643 
Goldsborough,  B.  W.,  731 

Howes,  675 

R.,  SI,  72,  iS,  82,  84,  86,  93,  95, 
681,  701 
Goodell,  W.,  171,  173,  728 
Goodwin,    Lyde,    12,    17,   ^<a,   651, 
661.  662.  664.  665,  667,  668, 
669,  673 
Goolrick,  P.,  711 
Gordon,  J.  N.  W.,  697 

L.  C.,  716 
Gorsuch,  T.  F.  H..  721 
Graduates,  first  at  Baltimore,  60, 
62.  679 

first  publication  of  in  Md.,  60 
Grahame,  I.  J.,  705 
Gray,  Dr.,  656 
Green,  Mr.,  librarian,  130 

Jonas,  651 

William,  177 
Greene,  General,  662 
Greenfield,  Francis,  647 
Gregory,  Christopher,  646 
Griffin,  John,  668 
Griffith's  Annals,  15 
Groome.  John,  692 
Ground  rent,  140,  149,  152,  163 
Guilder,  Reuben,   17,  20,  661,  663, 

664 
Gunby,  G.  T..  60 
Gundry,  R.,  186,  202,  203,  205,  208, 

212,  213,  726 
Gunshot  wounds  of  abdomen,  197 
Gutta-percha    solution    introduc- 
ed,  121 

Hagerstown,  126,  154,  216,  220,  255 
Hall,  Benjamin,  675 

committee  on,  138,  139,  140,  141, 
144,  146,  23s,  245 


867 


INDEX 


Hall,  Elisha,  664,  665 
E.  J.,  13,  14,  17 
Hopkins,  189 
McCoy,  271,  291 
Medical,   proposed,   94,   95,   98, 

235 
of  Medical  and  Chirurgical 
Faculty,  106,  136,  137, 
138,  139,  140,  145,  146,  147, 
148,  149,  150,  152,  153,  155, 
156,  163,  164,  165,  170,  183, 
189,  192,  196,  199,  208,  211, 
213,  246,  251,  257,  288,  705 
Jacob,  679 

Josias  Carvil,  656,  659,  663,  680 
R.  W.,  26,  53,  62,  6s,  69,  y2,  76, 

683,  688,  698,  700,  728 
T.  P.,  76,  683 
T.  W.,  205 
Halsted,  W.  S.,  272 
Hamilton,    Alexander,    647,    651, 
652,  653,  745 
C,  711 
John,  655 
Thomas,  688 
Hammond,  N.,  692 

W.  A.,  706,  732 

Handy,  S.  K.,  136 

W.  R.,  139,  705 

W.   W.,  70,  n,   76,  82,  84,  85, 
86,  89,  97,  123,  707 
Hank,  J.  W.  S.,  717 
Hannah  More  Academy,  693 
Harford  Co.,  656 
Harlan,  H.,  197,  261 
Harper,  John,  692 
J.  K,  51,  75,  681 
Samuel,  144 
Harris,  C.  A.,  105,  696,  706,  729 
Harrison,  E.',  685 
Joseph,  660,  666 
Harrod,  Dr.,  90 
Hartman,  A.,  152,  720 
Hayden,H.H.,  105,684,695,696,699 


Hayes,  R.  B.,  309 

Haynel,  A.  F.,  119 

Haynie,  Ezekiel,  674 

Hazlett,  M.,   12,   13,  34,  656,  660, 

665,  668,  669 
Health,  bureau  of  public,  proposed, 

239 
city   board    of,    78,    80,   94,    180, 
194,  666,  668,  669,  704,  718 
commissioner  of,  147,  708 
county  boards  of,  246,  731 
officer  of  port  of  Balto.,  668 
ordinance,  670,  671 

first  at  Baltimore,  651 
state  board  of,  258,  264,  708,  712, 

716,  731 
statistics  of  Balto.,  720 
"Heart,    congenital    valvular    de- 
fect of,"  192 
"     disease,  some  forms  of,"  273 
"     new  method  of  studying  mam- 
malian," 174 
"    vaso-motor  nerves  of,"  227 
Hebden,  Mrs.,  641 
Thomas,  641,  642 
Hebrews  become  freemen,  689 
Helmsley,  Wm.,  644 
Hemmeter,    J.    C,    227,   255,   261, 

269 
"Hemorrhage,        intra-peritoneal," 

238 
"     traumatic,"  prize  essay  on,  793 
Henderson,  Josiah,  686 

Philip,  656 
Henfrey,  Benj.,  673 
Henry,  Joseph,  684 
Herman,  N.,  269 
Hernia,  operation  for,  272 
strangulated,  case  of,  72 
Highlands  of  Scotland,  740 
Hill,  C.  G.,  235,  250,  251,  261,  291, 
717 
John,  697 
J.  H.,  murdered,  717 


INDEX 


Hill,  J.  S.,  i6i,  169,  174,  716 

Hilleary,  Wm.,  694 

Hines,  W.  R,  228 

Hintze,  F.  E.  B.,  85,  120,  124,  125, 

136,  137,  143,  707 
Hippocrates,  90,  243,  253,  292 
History,  9 
Hitt,  W.  W.,  713 
Holmes,  O.  W.,  117 
Home  for  Incurables,  719,  720 
Hooper,  Alcseus,  258 

Henry,  640,  641,  642 
Hopkins,  Dr.,  86 
hall,  175 
Joel,  107,  113 
St.  George,  708 
Hospital,  Almshouse,  59 
Annapolis,  659 

Baltimore  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat, 
718,  731 
University,  270 
beds,  212 
Cholera,  94 

City,  217,  270,  714,  715,  724,  725 
cottage,  265 
for     Crippled     and     Deformed, 

271,  288,  729 
Free  Lying-in,  226 
Good  Samaritan,  721 
Hebrew,  628,  709 
Hicks,  707 
Homoeopathic,  712 
Infectious,  236,  237 
Inoculating,    48,    582,    595,   654, 

655,  656 
for  Insane,  No.  2,  242,  271,  288, 

702,  731 
Johns    Hopkins,    59,    217,    270, 

709,  710,  714,  723,  724 
for  Lying-in,  664 

(University),  722 
and  Foundling,  683 
Marine,  59 


Hospital,    Maryland,    59,    79,    670, 

671,  672,  677,  678,  679,  680, 

681,  683,  687,  689,  690,  693, 

710,  711 
for  Insane,  690,  695,  711 
Woman's  714,  715 
Maternite,  226,  227,  712 
Military,  660,  661 
■■  ]\Iodern,"  217 
Nursery  and  Child's,  714 
Peninsular,   730 
Pennsylvania,  652 
Presbyterian      Eye,      Ear     and 

Throat,  714,  718,  720 
Provident,  728 
Quarantine,    35,    667,    668,    673, 

699.  708,  710,  719 
Relief  Association,  716 
St.  Joseph's,  707,  710 
Sheppard  and  Enoch  Pratt,  271, 

288 
United  Charities,  731 
University,    270,    688,   702,    710, 

712,  730,  812 
Woman's,  713 
first  Woman's  in  Md.,  336,  713, 

714 

for  Women  of  Md.,  717 
Hotel,  "Barney's,"  83 

Rennert,  271,  287 

"Williamson's,"  81,  83 
^Houck,  J.  W.,  180,  704 
House,  first  brick  at  Balto.,  650 

of  Delegates,  168,  202 

of  Reformation,   691 

of  Refuge,  679 
Howell,  W.  H.,  181,  238 
Howard,  E.  L.,  717 

Ephraim,  657,  658,  662,  665 

Henry,  683,  712 

J.  E.,  62,  681 

Wm.,  687,  694 

W.  T.,  156,  174,  197,  709 


869 


INDEX 


Howard,  W.  T.,  Jr.,  727 

Huet,  A.,  119 

Hulse,  Randall,  655,  656,  661 
Robert,  689 

Humphreys,  C,  136 

Humrichouse,  J.  W.,  255 

Hundley,  J.  M.,  248,  255 

Hunt,  Henry,  696 

Huston,  John,  691 

Hydrate  of  chloral  in  parturition, 
710 

"Hydrophobia,"  216,  654 

Hygiene    introduced    into     curri- 
culum, 693 

Hypodermic  medication,  610 

"Hysterectomy  for  ruptured  uter- 
us," 257 

Independent  Practitioner,  716 
Index   Catalogue  of   Surg.-Gen'l's 
Library,  233 
Medicus,  212 
"Infection,  modes  of,"  210 
Infirmary,   Baltimore.     See  Hosp. 

University. 
"Influence  of  digitaline  on  heart  of 

terrapin,"  181 
"    of  variations  of  arterial   pres- 
sure,  of   venous   pressure 
and    of    temperature    on 
pulse  rate,"  180 
"    of    variation    of    venous    and 
arterial  pressure  upon  car- 
dio-inhibitory     action     of 
pneumogastric  nerves,"  181 
Influenza,  664,  665,  675 
Inquest,  first  in  Maryland,  640 
Inquests,  640,  641,  643,  645 
Incorporators  of  Med.  and  Chir. 

Faculty,  22,  26 
Inloes,  H.  A.,  144,  712 
Inoculation,  46,  47,  302,  335,  648, 
650,  651,  652,  654,  658,  660, 
661,  663,  666,  681,  68s 


Inoculation  prohibited  by  ordi- 
nance, 702 

Insane,  203,  239,  255,  256,  260,  265, 
683.  See  also  Md.  Hos- 
pital. 

Inspectors  of  schools,  195 

Insurance,  171,  189 

International  Medical  Congress, 
164,  179,  209,  212 

Investigation,  collective,  11 

Investments,  75 

Ireland,  D.  S.  C,  713 

Irving,  H.  H.,  60,  76,  82,  84 
Leven,  676 

Jacobi,  a.,  271,  282 
Jacobs,  H.  B.,  292 
Jacquet,  J.  J.,  671 
Jackson,  John,  654 
Jail,  new,  673 
Jamar,  J.  H.,  269 
Jameson  vs.  Hintze,  86,  786 

D.,  780 

H.   G.,  51,  85,  86,  90,  92,  100, 
685,  686,  687,  688,  691,  692, 

694,  704,  779 
Janeway,  E.  G.,  273 
Jaquitt,  J.,  36.    See  above. 
Jaw,   upper,   extirpated,  685,   712, 
787,  793,  838 
lower,  extirpated,  696 
Jay,  J.  G.,  216 
Jenifer,  W.  H.,  663 
"Jenner  of  America,"  572 

E.,  so,  679 
Jennings,  S.  K.,  76,  78,  81,  82,  84, 

8s,  86,  89,  90,  126,  704 
Jericho,  Dr.,  33 
Johns,  M.,  711 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Histori- 
cal Club,  72s 
Journal  Club,  723 
Medical     School,     238,     272, 
724,  727,  728 


870 


INDEX 


Johns    Hopkins    University,     162, 
166,  167,  180,  182,  192,  213 
Johnson,  Edward,  17,  81,  659,  661, 
664,  668,  670,  677,  679,  684, 
685,  688,  691 
John,  660 
J.  T.,  217,  235,  291 
Reverdy,  254,  257,  288 
R.  W.,   177,   192,   196,  217,  24s, 

247 
S.  T.,  so,  52,  674,  680 
Thomas,  664 
Johnston,    C,    116,    130,    134,    144, 
IS4,  159,  162,  172,  191,  208, 
216,  292,  700,  703,  704,  707, 
710,  712,  713,  716,  726,  83s 
C,  Jr.,  228,  292 
G.  B.,  270,  2^s,  288 
W.  W.,  270,  275 
Jones,  C.  H.,  156,  207,  236,  708 
Falls,  new  channel  for,  663 
Mathias,  689 
Robert,  647 
T.  D.,  60 
town,  650 
Joppa,  647 

Journal,  Faculty  resolves  to  pub- 
lish, 98 
first  medical  in  Md.,  612 
proposed,  151,  156,  158 
and    Transactions,   Md.    College 
Pharmacy,  705 
"Journals,  medical  of  Baltimore," 

170 
Joynes,  L.  S.,  717 
Judges     written     to     concerning 

charter,  11 1 
Judgment  for  fees,  641 
Jury    of    matrons,    642,    643,    644, 
655 


Keen,  W.  W.,  270,  280,  290,  291 
Keene,  W.  B.,  53,  64,  705 


871 


Keener,  W.  H.,  716 

Keerl,  Henry,  661,  690 

Keirle,  N.  G.,  272 

Kelly,  H.  A.,  272,  281,  288,  730 

Kemp,  S.  T.,  682,  705 

W.  F.  A.,  189,  257,  261 

W.   M.,  126,   145,   147,  180,  704, 
706,  718,  721 
Kennedy,  Benjamin,  658 

Patrick,  658 
Kent  Co.,  topography  of,  136 
Key,  F.  S.,  316 

Judge,   III 
Keys  of  hall  allowed  to  members, 

206 
Kidder,  C,  138 
Kilty,  John,  671 

William,  687 
Kinnemon,    P.    S.,    147,    149,    151, 

714 
Knapp,  H.,  270,  273 
Knight,  S.  T.,  51,  90,  706,  707,  717 
Koch,  R.,  179 
Koch's  lymph,  725 
Kuger,  David,  647 

Labesius,  John,  12,  660 
Laboratory,       anatomical,       Johns 
Hopkins  University,  72S 
clinical,     Johns     Hopkins     Uni- 
versity, 729 
municipal     bacteriological,     245, 

258,  289,  729 
physiological      and      pharmaco- 
logical,    Johns     Hopkins 
University,  196,  731,  732 
University  of  Maryland  opened, 
727 
Laboratories,      Johns      Hopkins 

University,  272 
"Lacerated  arteries,"  113 
Lafayette,  492,  662,  688 
Lafleur,  H.  A.,  724 
Lancet,  use  of,  75,  79 


INDEX 


Landis,  E.,  142,  144 

"Landmarks  in  history  of  oph- 
thalmology in  19th  cen- 
tury," 273 

Lange,  F.  E.,  227,  235,  291 

Lansdale,  William,  673 

Larynx,  excision  of,  213 

Latimer,  T.  S.,  153,  196,  203,  208 

Laveran  organism,  720,  T22 

Law  building,  106 
medical,  of  1799,  70 
proposed  in  1788,  14 
school,  719 

Lawrence,  D.  H.,  716 

Laws  and  by-laws  published,  82 

Lazear,  J.  W.,  732 

Lectures,  150,  151,  160 
medical  of  1789,  664,  665 
post-graduate,  724 

Lee,  R.  D.,  721 
W.,  186,  217,  239,  261 

Legacy,  257 

"Legislation  uniform,"  219 

Legislature,  202,  203,  204,  212,  242, 
639,  640,  644,  653 
meeting  of  first,  640 

Lemon,  Robert,  656 

Leonard,  W.  T.,  51,  699 

Leyburn,  Rev.  Dr.,  170 

Librarian,  assistant  appointed,  218 

Library,  88,  92,  94,  95,  97,  98,  107, 
108,  109,  no,  112,  113,  114, 
115,  116,  118,  122,  124,  127, 
129,  130,  132,  133,  135,  137, 
142,  143,  ISO,  151,  152,  153, 
154,  156,  157,  158,  159,  160, 
161,  164,  165,  166,  167,  171, 
172,  175,  177,  183,  189,  193, 
195,  200,  201,  206,  208,  209, 
212,  213,  218,  223,  224,  229, 
235,  236,  241,  246,  247,  253, 
254,  256,  257,  259,  264,  289, 
713,  730,  735 
appropriations  to,  735 


Library,    Baltimore,    59,    89,    668, 
669,  761 
Boston  Medical,  250 

Public,  250 
building  committee,  172,  176,  178, 
184,  195 

urged,  173 
College  of  Physicians,  250 
Crawford,  764 
dues,  92 

endowment  fund,  263 
Enoch  Pratt,  185,  718,  719,  721 
first  circulating  at  Balto.,  662 
founding  of,  88 
Frick.     See  Frick  Library. 
Historical,  668 
Johns  Hopkins,  187 
medical  proposed,  14 
Mercantile  Association,  122,  130, 

132,  137,  140,  141,  199 
National  of  France,  187 
New  York  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, 250 

Hospital,  250 
Peabody,  172,  182,  185,  187,  708, 

714 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  250 
proposal   to  sell,   135,   139,    140, 

141,  158,  161 
Surgeon-General's,  90,  187,  190, 

191,  200,  230,  233,  244,  247, 

250,  264,  292 
University     of    Maryland,    680, 

764 
Webster's,  686 
"Libraries  medical,"  250 
License,  51,  108,  114,  123,  137,  198, 

222,  297,  67s,  726,  727 
all  applying  for,  to  be  examined, 

87  _ 

fee  paid  in   five  annual  install- 
ments, 127 

power  of  revoked,  102 

refused,  77 


872 


INDEX 


Licenses  granted,  yyj 
Licentiates  of  1S02,  51 
Liebmann,  G.,  167 
Ligatures,  animal,  794 
Ligation    of    common    iliac,    803, 
806 

of  external  iliac,  793 

of  subclavian,  806 
Ligget,  James,  prosecution  of,  88 
Listerism,  157,  162,  191 
Lists  of  members,  27 
Litholapaxy,  715 
Lithotome,  Smith's,  164,  692,  830 
Lithotomy,  early,  483,  689 

52  successful  cases  of,  164,  714, 
830 

Jameson's  attempted,  788 

statistics  of,  627,  S30 

supra-pubic,  806 
Lithotripsy,  806 
Littlejohn,    M.,    13,   48,    661,   664, 

665,  673,  678,  681 
Loan,  107,  245,  246,  249 

to  University  of  Md.,  687 
Lockjaw,  717 

Lockwood,  W.  F.,  185,  228 
Locomotive,    first  in   U.    S.,   445, 

687 
Locusts,  648 
Logan,  Dr.,  708 
Lonaconing,  150,  159 
Long,  R.  C,  62 
Lord,  J.  W.,  291 
Lottery  for  College,  62,  676,  682 

for  Hospital,  677 

for  Masonic  Hall,  679 

for  Monninen',  677 

for  Vaccine  Institute,  677 
Love,  Thomas,  661,  687 
Lowndes,  L.,  271 
Luckey,  W.  N.,  62,  65,  772 
Lumbrozo,  Jacob,  643,  644,  645 
Lunacy  bill,  721 


Lunatics.      See  Insane  ■    also   Md. 

Hospital. 
Lutheran  church,  first,  16 
Lynch,  J.  S.,  208,  711,  722 
Lyma,  George,  703 
Lyon,  S.  H.,  697 
William,  651,  652,  653,  654,  656, 

668 

Macaulay,  p.,  53,  73,  74,  75,  76, 
82,  83,  84,  684,  687,  694, 
701 
Macgill,  C.,  717 

W.  D.,  126,  688,  689,  693 
Mackall,  R.,  713 

R.  C.,  732 
Mackenzie,    Colin,    675,    677,   678, 
680,  687,  690 

Geo.  B.,  693 

J.  N.,  182,  192,  197,  248,  725 

J.  P.,  693,  707 

Samuel,  659 

T.  G.,  697 
Maddokes,  Richard,  643 
Maggots  to  clean  wounds,  636 
Magnet  in  ophthalmology,  192,  699 
Magruder,  Z.,  677 
Maguire,  C,  700 
Malaria,  essay  on,  85,  136 

new  researches  on,  272 
Malcum,  Nancy,  48,  673 
Mallet,  J.  W.,  168,  171,  291 
Malpractice,  643 
Manning,  H.  E.  T.,  714 
Manual  Labor  School,  696 
Marcellus,  90 
Marsh,  Thomas,  642 
Marshall,  Col.  C,  169 
Martin,  E.,  50,  52,  53,  64,  69,  72, 
73,  75,  78,  81,  82,  84,  674, 
679,  682,  694,  752 

P.,  255,  269 

G.  T.,  87,  119,  123,  682 


873 


INDEX 


Martin,  H.  N.,  i66,  174,  179,  180, 
181,  196,  227,  240,  732 
Judge,  207 
Luther,  ^^ 
S.  B.,  S3,  123,  713 
Maryland    College   of    Pharmacy, 
IDS,  106,  107,  136,  140,  697, 
698,  704,  70s,  72s,  811 
Gazette,  649,  6so,  6s  i 
Historical  Society,  698,  699 
Inebriate  Asylum,  706 
Institute,  688,  700,  702,  703 
Journal   and    Baltimore    Adver- 
tiser, 6s6 
Medical  Institute,  116,  120,  700, 
808,  836 
Journal,  171,  176,  183,  307,  714 
Recorder,  90,  691,  783 
and  Surgical  Journal,  98,  los, 
106,  107,  108,  109,  III,  696 
Palatinate,  742 

Pharmaceutical  Association,  719 
Public  Health  Association,  2S8, 

264,  26s,  289,  730 
School  of  Veterinary  Medicine, 

721 
State  Dental  Association,  719 
Mason,  A.  S.,  216 
Masonic  Grand  Lodge  founded  at 

Talbot  C.  H.,  663 
Masons,  18,  19,  679,  681,  687,  762 
Materia  medica,  treatise  on,  68s 
Maternite    of    Woman's    Medical 

College,  728 
Matthews,  Wm.,  671 
Maxillae,    depression    of    both    to 

remove  polyp,  714 
May,  J.  F.,  69s,  726 
Mayer,  B.,  701 
McClellan,  D.  W.  B.,  704 
McCullough,  J.  H.,  679,  694 
McDowell,  E.,  689 
J.  B.,  90 


McDowell,   M.,  72,  74,  76,  94,  98, 

107,  683,  692,  700 
McGill,  James,  653 
McHenry,    James,    657,    660,    661, 

667,  679,  682 
McKew,  D.  I.,  136,  141,  721 
McLean,  C,  719 
McPherson,  W.,  698 

W.  S.,  716 
McSherry,  R.,   12s,   194,  707,  714, 

721 
"Meadow,"  649 

Measles,  epidemic,  702,  705,  709 
Mechanics'  Bank,  678 
Medders,  C.  H.,  269 
Medical  Bulletin,  709 
"     Charities,"  212 
and         Chirurgical         Faculty; 
achievements  of,  242,  266, 
271,  293 
"        interests  and  aims  of,"  220 
"        its    relation    to    professional 
organization,"  222 
college  proposed,  42,  44,  4s,  52, 

66s 
faculty  of  district  of  Balto,"  147 
hall,"  13,  669,  749 
hill,"  48,  S95 
improvement,"  83 
jurisprudence   introduced   into 
curriculum,  693 
"     literature,"  117 

and  Philosophical  Lycaum,  678 
positions,     securing     good     in- 
cumbents of,  194 
"Medicine    in    the    19th    century," 

271 
"     in  the  past  and  future,"  167 
Medicines,  patent  and  quack,  46 
Meeting,  first  of  Faculty,  27,  28 
last  attended  by  a  charter  mem- 
ber, 126 
Meetings,  character  of  early,  S2,  S3 


874 


INDEX 


Meetings,  conversational,  114,  121, 
124,   134,   137,    142 
semi-annual,   106,    128,   150,    151, 
153,  156,  214,  216,  220,  227, 
232,  238,  244,  248,  255,  261, 
269 
"Meloe  vesicatorium,"  798 
Members,  admitted  since  1899,  849 
annual,  137 
first,  43 

list  of,  ^(i,  118,  849 
qualifications    of,    129,    137,    241, 
257,  269 
Membership  1807,  64 
1847,  114 
1853,  129 

1898,  264 

1899,  291 

dues,  139,  142,  146,  152,  155,  i59> 

164,  166,  183,  195,  214,  224, 

245,  246,  247,  257,  269,  288 
honorary,     120,     163,     166,     171, 

176,  23s,  240,  257,  291 
question  of,  42,  297 
Memoirs,  738.    Also  see  Report  on. 
Meningococcus  intracellular  is,  TZ^ 
Mercantile    Library    Association, 

696,  698 
Mercer,  Hugh,  780 
Mercury,  670 
Merrick,  S.  K.,  255 
"Mery's  Tavern,"  671 
Messick,  W.  J.,  261 
Methodist  dress,  302 
Methodists,  668,  669 
first  organize  at  Baltimore,  662, 

666 
Mettauer,  J.  P.,  694,  695,  713 
Michael,  J.  E.,  172,  191,  197,  208, 

211,  217,  226,  235,  248,  729, 

834 
Micrococcus  lanceolatus,  231,  729 
Microscopy,  162,  216 
Middlemore,  Josias,  648,  653 


Middleton,  James,  683,  684 

loan  to  Mrs.,  88 
Midwifery,  license  to  practice,  236 
Midwives,  247,  257,  259,  265,  290, 

665 
Miles,  F.  T.,  154,  709,  710 
Military    and    operative    surgery, 

chair  of,  709 
Milk  conference,  258 

laboratory  (Walker-Gordon),  254 
Miller,  G.  B.,  731 

J.  H.,  53,  85,  92,  98,  703 

Wm.  C.,  689 
Miltenberger,  G.  W.,  91,  134,  137, 
141,  144,  206,  208,  210,  253, 
698,  705 
Ministerial  Union,  235 
Mitchell,  Abraham,  683 

C.  W.,  240 

George  E.,  693 

S.  L.,  37 

S.  W.,  162,  163,  291 
Models,  anatomical,  681 
Monkur,  J.  C.  S.,  694,  709 
Monmonier,  J.   P.,   136,   137,   140, 
141,  142,  144,  146,  147,  149, 
150,  151,  157,  713,  728 
Monograph,    first    medical    by    a 

Baltimorean,  664 
Montgomery,  W.  T.,  717 
Monument,  Battle,  681 

Washington,  681 
Moon,  T.  R.,  682 
Moore,  Mordecai,  646 

R.,  50,  76,  81,  84 
Moores,  Daniel,  36,  674 
Moorman,  J.  J.,  166,  721 
Moral  reform,  235 
Morgan,  G.  E.,  141,  147,  708,  713 
Morgue,  city,  725 
Morris,  J.,  134,  152,  153,  i55,  iQo, 
192,  194,  196,  197,  203,  214 
Morrison,  M.,  698 
Mortgage,  149,  245,  249,  253 


875 


INDEX 


Mosher,  Wm.,  710 

Mount     Hope     Retreat    founded, 

696,  698,  708 
Murder  of  Capt.  De  Corse,  15 
Murdoch,  T.  F.,  703 
Murphy,  J.,  100,  III 

Thomas  L.,  700 
Murray,  James,  661,  685 
Richard,  652 
W.  W.,  711 
Museum,  163,  171,  176,  193 
Johns  Hopkins,  193 
Peak's,  681,  691 
Mutter,  Dr.,  100 
Myotomy,  690 

Name,  change  of  proposed,   178 
"Naso-pharyngeal      polypus      re- 
moved   by    depression    of 
upper  jaws,"  165 
Natural    history,    American,    work 
on,  Tjy 
chair  of,  761,  797 
Naval  Academy,  239,  699,  706,  708 
Neale,  John,  90 
Joseph,  90 

L.  E.,  196,  213,  235,  269 
Neff,  John,  708 
Neill,  John,  682 
Nelson,  John,  114 
Nephrectomy,  188 
"Nervous    disease,    causation   of." 
247 
diseases,  dispensary  for,  603 
"    system,  nature  and  phenomena 

of,"  88 
New  assembly  rooms,  108 
Newspaper,  first  at  Baltimore,  656 
Night  sessions,  223 
Nitrous  oxide  gas,  698 
Noel,  H.  R.,  715 

P.   E.,  52,  64,  680 
North      American      Archives      of 
Medical       and      Surgical 
Science,  693 


Northern    Central   R.    R.   begun, 
691 
incorporated,  690 
Nostrums,  284 

Nurses'    directory,    173,    177,    185, 

190,  201,  208,  212,  213,  218, 

223,  224,  229,  236,  241,  247, 

254.  255,  259 

at  Boston,  177 

Training  School,  715,   722,  723, 

72s 
Nuttall,  Dr.,  726 

O'Brien,  L.,  93 

Obstetric  teaching,  287 

Ocean  City,  261 

O'Connor,  J.,  60,  685 

Oculists,  early,  601 
licensed,  46 

O'Donnell,  D.  A.,  713 

O'Donovan,  J.  H.,  710 

Office,  members  ineligible  to,  two- 
successive  years,  121,  269 

Officers  of  Faculty,  269 

Oliver,  Nicholas,  645 

Operative  surgery,  course  on,  699, 
711 

Ophthalmia  neonatorum,  236,  247, 
265,  290 

"Ophthalmology  and  otology,  early 
at  Baltimore,"  257 

Opie,  Thomas,  179,  711 

Orations,  27 

Orator  fi'st  appointed,  51 

Orators,  52,  53,  54,  65,  72>,  75,  76, 
83,  86,  87,  88,  92,  93,  95, 
96,  106,  109,  113,  114,  123, 
136,  140,  142,  151,  153,  154, 
157,  159-  162,  164,  166,  168, 
'^72,,  179-  191,  196,  206,  210, 
212,  214,  217,  227,  243,  247, 
250,  251,  260 

Organization,  13,  127,  145,  223 
oldest  civic  in  U.  S.,  654 

Oribasius,  90 


876 


INDEX 


Orrick,  J.,  60 

Orthopaedists,  470 
Osier,  William,  214,  245,  246,  250, 
253,  255,  261,  263,  269,  281, 
288,  291,  722,  724,  725 
"Osseous    and    ligamentous    ano- 
malies," 182 
"Osteo-myelitis,  acute,"  228 
Osteo-sarcoma,  179,  227 
Otologist,  358 
Otway,  Francis,  641 
Ovariotomy  attempted,  687,  789 

early,  470,  SH,  700 

in  pregnancy,  174,  71 5 

urged,  675 
Owen,  J..  53-  64,  1^,  7^,  81,  688 
Owings,  Dr.,  121,  657 

Samuel,  653,  663 

Thomas,  708 
Oyster  shucker's  keratitis,  729 

Packets    between    Baltimore    and 

Philadelphia,  675 
Page,  James,  680 
J.  R.,  151,  732 
Painter,  Mr.,  apothecary,  refused 

license,  77 
Pan-American  Medical  Congress, 

228 
Pape.  G.  W.,  718 
Paper  mill,  first,  721 
Papers,  volunteer,  134 
Parish,  Joseph,  151 
Park,  Druid  Hill,  706 
Public,  proposed,  12,  665 
Roswell,  271,  285 
Parmley,  E.,  696 
"Parnassus,"  47,  582,  655 
Parotid  removed.  688,  695 
Parran,  John,  660 
Partridge,  Buckler,  650,  666 
Pasteur    Institute    of    College    of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
272,  46s,  730 


Pasteur,  L.,  175,  I79,  231 
Patella,  ring  for  fractured,  706 
Patent  for  locomotive,  687 

for  vaccination,  687 
Pathology,  course  on,  700 
Paton,  S.,  269 

Pattison,  G.  S.,  686,  689,  702 
Paulus,  90 
Payne,  Dr.,  647 

Peabody  Institute,  705,  7o6,  708 
Peace  celebrated,  661 

with  Indians,  642 
Peerce,  John,  645 
"Peggy  Stewart,"  608,  6>7 
Penises,  man  with  two,  164 
Penitentiary,  674,  761 
Pepper,  Wm.,  191,  732 
"Peritonitis,"  256 

due  to  gonococcus,  731 
Perkins,  J.  F.,  704 
"Pernicious      delay      in      surgical 

cases,"  247 
Peruvian  bark,  668,  674,  75 1 
use  on  the  7th  day,  751 
Pessary,    figure-of-eight    (Erich), 

159 
for  procidentia,  709 
Petition  1788,  15 
Pharmacology,   196 
Pharmacopoeia.     See  Report  on. 
Pharmacopoeial  convention,  685 

delegates  to  national,  76 
Pharmacy,  chair  of,  106 

first  chair  of,  698 
Philadelphia,      Wilmington      and 
Baltimore    R.    R.    organ- 
ized, 696 
Phosphorus,     white,     discovered, 

718 
"Phthisis,    predisposition    to,"    243 
"Physic  Hill,"  7^9 
"Physicians  of  Baltimore,"   183 

number  of,  92 
Physick,  P.  S..  P04 


877 


INDEX 


"Physiology  of  secretion,"  i66 

Piggott,  A.  S.,  710 

Pindell,  R.,  693 

Piper,  W.  J.,  720 

Pitt,  William,  statue  of,  655 

Pitts,  J.  D.,  shoots  L.  T.  Walter, 
720,  721 

Piatt,  W.  B.,  197,  248 

Pledge  of  honor  broken,  262 

Pneumococcus,  230,  231 
demonstrated  in  1881,  175 

"Pneumonia,  etiology  of  acute 
lobar,"  230 

Poe,  E.  A.,  510,  701 

Poisons,  194 

Pollution  of  streams,  194 

"Polypi  nasal,  cough  due  to," 
192 

Poor,  physicians  to,  657 
Relief  Association,  666 

Population,  92,  640,  644,  645,  648, 
652,  653,  657,  658,  661,  663, 
665,  672,  677,  685,  6gi,  696, 
701,  706,  710,  716,  723 

Porter,  G.  E.,  159,  72^ 

Portraits,  264 

Posterior  suspensory  splint 
(Smith's),  691 

Potter,  N.,  43,  51,  52,  53,  59,  60,  61, 
64,  65,  72>,  74,  75,  7(>,  78, 
82,  86,  87,  98,  100,  657,  668, 
683,  698 
diary  of  1799,  21 

Pottinger,  Dr.,  703 

Powell,  J.  F.,  145 

Power,  W.,  100,  697,  699,  703,  808 

Pregnancy,  intra  and  extra  uter- 
ine twin,  174,  716 

Prescriptions,  percentage  on,  129 

"Presentations,  ten  consecutive 
breech,"  174 

Presidents,  list  of,  72Z 

Preston,  G.  J.,  217,  239,  245,  255 


"Preventable  blindness,"  192 
Prevention  of  disease,  10 
Priestley,  James,  59,  671,  674 
Prize,  82,  84,  86,  87,  92 

Academy  of  Medicine,  715 

essays  rejected,  92 

Eugene  Horwitz,  732 
"Probes    large,     in     strictures    of 

nasal  duct,"  162,  714 
Prosecution  of  graduates  without 
license,  82,  93,  96,  97,  692 
"Prostatic  fascia,"  794 
Protestant  Union  Infirmary,  703 
Psychology.     See  Report  on. 
Pue,  A.,  700 

Michael,  656,  668 
"Puerperal  eclampsia,"  206 
"     fever,"  808 
"     infection,"  235 
Pulton,  Alexius,  641 
Puritans  in  Md.,  642 
Purlivant,  Richard,  640 
Purnell,  G.  W.,  699 

John,  673 

J.  B.  R.,  261 

Quack  medicine,  first  in  America, 

669 
Quacks,  15,  :i2,  207,  208 
Qualifications  of  medical  students. 
See  Students,  Medical. 
of  members.     See  Members. 
Quarantine,  234,  647,  655,  656,  659, 
662,  666,  667,  668,  669,  671, 
672,  677,  692 
convention,  national,  705,  706 
Question     of     membership.       See 

Membership. 
Quinan,  J.  R.,   103,   161,   170,   172, 
183,  184,  191,  193,  204,  20s, 
206,  207,  208,  725 
on  act  of  1838-39,  103,  204,  205 
P.  A.,  708 
Quorum,  144 


878 


INDEX 


"Rabies,"  256,  272,  464 

"Rambles  of  a  naturalist,"  T]y 

Ramsay,  David,  656 

Randolph,  R.  L.,  244,  729 

Rattenbury,  John,  648 

Raynaud,  188 

Rayner,   I.,  234 

Readel,  J.  D.,  76,  82,  120,  704 

Receptions,  281 

"Rechabite    Hall,"    128,    129,    134, 

135 
"Reciprocal  action  of  morbid  bodily 
and     mental     influences," 
179 
Record,  oldest  MS.,  65 
Records  of  Faculty,  2^ 
of  Maryland  lost,  641 
Rees,  J.  T.,  53,  65,  69,  76,  693 
Reese,  D.  M.,  79,  84,  684,  687,  707 
Reform,  medical,  13,  116,  662,  663 
Regents  vs.   Trustees,  57,  .63,  130, 
695,  696 
of  Medical  College,  56,  57 
Regester,  W.  G.,  154,  718 
Register,  medical,  162,  163 
Registration    of   births,    etc.      See 
Deaths. 
of  physicians,  261 
Regulation,  medical,   14,   195,   197, 

220,  246,  663,  664 
Regulations  of  1799,  31 
Remedies  secret,  129 
"Removal   and   destruction  of  or- 
ganic wastes,"  206 
Remsen,  I.,  164 
"Renal  diseases,"  809 
Report  on  auscultation,  125,  138 
on     chemistry     and     pharmacy, 
115,  125,  130,  134,  136,  138 
on  cholera,  120 
on  debts  and  assets,  109 
of  discussions,    172 
of    infectious    diseases    required, 
718,  723,  724 


Report    on    materia    medica    and 
pharmacy,  121 
on  medicine  and  surgery,  97,  98, 
107,  109,  115,  117,  121,  122, 
125,  130,  134,  142,  157,  159. 
162,  164,  168,  188,  191,  234 
on  memoirs,  125,  133,  136,  137 
on  microscopy,  162,  178 
on    obstetrics    and    gynaecology, 
112,  113,  IIS,  121,  122,  134, 
145,  156,  159,  179,  226 
on    ophthalmology,   otology   and 

laryngology,  178 
on  pharmacopoeia,  125,  134 
on  physiology  and  pathology,  178 
on  psychology,  167,  178,  182,  197 
on  sanitary  science,   178,   197 
on  therapeutics,  125 
Resignation,  conditions  of,  173,  205 
Reuling,  G.,  168,   169,  292,  709 
Revere,  John,  688,  700 
Revival  of  Faculty,  124 
Rich,  A.,  716 
Ricord,  Philippe,  672,  723 
Ridgely,  F.,  12,  657,  660 
Ridout,  John,  744 
Riley,  William,  697 
Ring,  Dr.,  48 
Riots,  newspaper,  679 
Roberts,  George,  679,  690 
G.  C.  M.,  98,  loi,  102,  103,  109, 
III,  113,  114,  115,  116,  121, 
122,  123,  126,  127,  129,  130, 

131,  133,  137,  141,  144,  147, 
149,  163,  171,  176,  710 

S.  L.  P.,  688 
Robinson,  A.  C.,  120,  144,  711 

G.  L.,  712 
Roby,  Jos.,  697,  706 
Rockville,  227 

Academy,  677 
Rodgers,  Dr.,  682 
Rodriques,  L.  S.,  64 
Rogers,  J.  B.,  703 


56 


879 


INDEX 


Rogers,  P.  K.,  47,  53,  76,  681,  691 
Rohe,   G.    H.,    194,   195,    197,   212, 

239,  242,  2SS,  289,  732 
Ross,  John,  34,  661,  666,  667 
Royal  College  of  Physicians,  472 
Rumsey,  James,  662 
Rumsy,  John,  690 
Rush,  B.,  74 

Medical  Club,  163,  634 
Rusk,  G.  G.,  173 
Russell,  Walter,  639 

W.  W.,  248 

St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  14 
St,     Domingo,     French     refugees 

from,  666 
St.  Mary's,  settlement  at,  639 
Salary.    See  Fees. 
Salzer,  H.,  244 

Saltpetre,  manufacture  of,  658 
Samuel    Ready    Orphan    Asylum, 

707 
Sanitary  council,  720 

survey  of  Md.,  194 
Sappington,  J.  K.,  692 
Savings  bank,  first,  684 
Scanlan,  J.,  72 
Scarlatina,  662,  703,  705,  710 
Schaefifer,  E.  M.,  235,  245,  7^2 
Schnebly,  H.,  660 

Jacob,  667 
School,  medical  of  1789-90,  17,  20 

public,    free   system    established, 
689 
Schools,  early  medical,  58 
"     medical  of  Baltimore,"  170 
Schwartze,  E.,  721 
Scott,  Andrew,  651 

E.,  52,  674,  698 

John,  663 

J.  M.,  228,  288 

Upton,  42,  680,  738 


Scotti,  Mrs.,  Ill 

Scribonius,  90 

Seal,  138 

Secretary,   corresponding,  first,  76 
duties  of,  269 
reporting,  first,  178 

Secretaries,  list  of,  734 

Section  on  microscopy,  etc.  See 
Report  on. 

Sections,    149,    150,    162,    178,   179, 
209,  229,  234,  256 
done  away  with,  229,  234 

Sedgwick,  W.  T.,  174,  179 

Semmes,  B.  J.,  65 

Senate  chamber,  238 

Seneka  root,  751 

"Septicaemia  in  rabbit  from  injec- 
tion of  saliva,"   174 

"Septon,"  752 

Sesqui-centennial  of  Baltimore, 
170,  183 

Sewall,  H.,  181 

Sewerage,  264 
system  of  Baltimore,  727 

Shaaff,  J.  T.,  685 

Sharp,  Peter,  643,  644,  645 

Sharpe,  Gov.  Horatio,  741 

Shaw,  J.,  55,  57,  62,  64,  675,  677 

Sheppard  Asylum,  703 

Shippen,  W.,  753 

Shot  tower  erected,  690 

Simmons,  H.  M.,  269 
T.  W.,  154 

Simon,  C.  E.,  725 

Sixth  Massachusetts  Regiment 
passes  through  Balti- 
more, 706 

Skates,  Gideon,  646 

Skinner,  Henry,  685 

Slave,  first  in  Md.,  640 

Slavery  abolished,  707 

"     evils  of,"  666,  667 

Society  for  Abolition  of,  662, 


880 


INDEX 


Smallpox,  47,  51,  75,  650,  651,  652, 
653,  654,  655,  657,  658,  659, 
677,  678,  681,  683,  684,  686, 
693,  695,  699,  700,  702,  703, 

705,  706,  707,  710,  711,  7I:J 

715,  716,  717,  718,  719,  728 

Smallwood's  battalion,  16 
Smith,  A.   P.,   164,   711,  714,    732, 
830 
Emperor,  643 

F.  B.,  228 

G.  B.,  119,  709 

James,  36,  48,  49,  65,  66,  68,  69, 
72,  73,   82,  669,   672,   673, 
677,  679,  680,  681,  68s,  687, 
697 
John,  657 
Jos.  Sim,  687 
Jos.  T.,  Jr.,  217 
Nathan,  818 

N.  R.,  53,  88,  109,  113,  150,  151, 
152,  154,  159,  164,  165,  228, 
292,  689,  690,  691,  692,  695, 
697,  698,  706,  709,  714,  818 
Patrick  Sim,  660 
S.  P.,  152,  166,  718 
W.  F.,  236 
Smith's  voyages,  639 
Smoker,  281 
Smull,  C,  35,  708 
Smyth,   James,   66,  675,   678,   680, 

681,  685 
Snakebite,  640 
Snyder,  C.  L.,  60 
Societies,    county,    98,    129.    270, 
288,  290 
early,  11,  664 
"     Medical  of  Baltimore,"  170 
Medico-Chirurgical,  54,  77,  78, 
80,  94,  117,  129,  134,  140 
"     our    sister    of    the    i8th    cen- 
tury," 288 
scientific,  128 
Society,  Allegany  Co.,  189,  708 


Society,  American  of  Dental  Sur- 
geons, 429,  433 
Philosophical,  172 
Physiological,  728 
attempt    to    found    new    state, 

709 
Baltimore  Medical,  675,  678,  683, 

763 

of  1788,  14,  664 
of  1789,  17,  34,  664,  665 
and  Surgical,  147,  189,  702, 
711 

Neurological,  255 

Pathological,     128,     148,     152, 
703,  709,  811 
Benevolent,  672 
Bible,  761 
Cecil  Co.,  183,  189 
Charitable  Marine,  669 
Clinical   of   Md.,    161,    183,    189, 

200,  249,  713 
Colonization,  683 
District,  54,  71,  73,  76,  78,  128 
"Drooping,"  124,  136,   147 
Easton  Medical,  726 
Epidemiological,  711 
Frederick  Co.,  117 
German,  682 

Medical,  711 

Immigrant,  16 
Harford  Medical,  13,  669 

Co.  Medical,  708,  721,  748 
Historical,  192 
Homoeopathic,  198,  242 
Hibernian  Benevolent,  761 
Humane,  12,  665 
Indigent  Sick,  688 
Jennerian,  678 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  723 
Kent  Co.,  117,  165 
Maryland         for         Promoting 

Knowledge,  671,  761 
Massachusetts,  98 
Medical  of  Md..  683,  685.  686 


INDEX 


Society,  Medico-Chirurgical,  692,       Statue  of  Christ,  730 


704 
Montgomery  Co.,  227 

New  Jersey,  195 

New  York,  76,  182 

Northeast  Clinical,  713 

Pennsylvania,  189 
and  Md.  Union,  716 

for  Protection  of  Children,  715 

for  Prevention  of  Hydrophobia, 
680 

Queen,  Anne  Co.,  165 

for  Relief  of  Widows  and  Or- 
phans.    See  Fund  for. 

Sixth    District,    71,    75,    76,   82, 
682 

South  Carolina,  19 

State,  179 

of  1788,  14,  664 
Veterinary,  218 

Washington  Co.,  723 
"Some  problems  of  mental  action," 

212 
Somerset  Co.,  topography  of,  136 
Somervell,  James,  652 
Somerville,  Wm.,  682 
Sparks,  Jared,  682 
Sparrold,  James,  654 
Specialties,  instruction  in,  707 
Speculum,  Erich's,  712 

Howard's,  157 
Spedden,  Dr.,  682 
Spence,  Judge,  iii 
"Sp'hygmograph,"  168 
Splenectomy,  188 
Splint,     anterior     (Smith's),     159, 

706,  823,  824,  833 
"     anterior  extension,"  159 

Croft's  modified  (Coskery),  168 
"     suspenso-extensory,"  154 
Stansley,  John,  645,  646 
"Star-Spangled  Banner,"  316 
Starr,  H.,  289 

M.  A.,  247,  291 
Stark's  tavern,  14,  663 


Status  of  profession  in  1799,  32 
'Steam,  first  journey  by  in  U.  S., 
691 
vehicle,  first  in  world  at  Balti- 
more, 663 
Steamboat,  first  on  Chesapeake,  679 
line  between  Baltimore  and  An- 
napolis, 682 
Steamer,  first  to  Europe,  696 

invented  by  Rumsey,  662 
Steiner,  L.  H.,  134,  135,  136,  138, 

144,  154,  704,  727 
Stenhouse,  Alex.,  656,  658 
Sternberg,   G.   M.,   174,   230,  250, 

287,  716 
Steuart,  James,  52,  660,  661,  687, 
699 
J.  A.,  711 

R.   S.,  53,  86,  88,  117,  122,  123, 
147,  693,  712,  713 
Stevens,  R.,  76 
Stevenson,  Cosmo  G.,  689 
G.  P.,  13,  680,  685 
Henry,    47,   650,    654,    655,    656, 

658,  663,  665,  670,  680 
John,  650,  656,  662 
J.  M.,  71S 
J.  S.,  718 
Stewart,  D.,  115,  116,  120,  121,  122, 
125,  134,  13s,  683,  697,  698, 
700,  703,  732 
Stinnecke,  C.  F.,  673 

H.  A.,  704 
Stock   owned  by   Faculty,    70,   84, 
95,  106,  108,  109,  131,  135, 
138,  139,  140,  146,  151,  676, 
734 
sold,  III 
Stockett,  Francis,  644 
J.  S.,  62 

Thomas  N.,  674 

Stokes,  W.  H.,  727 

W.  R.,  261,  729 


882 


INDEX 


Stone,  Governor,  643 

C.  E.,  22-J 
Stonestreet,  E.  E.,  227 

H.,  62,  65 
Strabismus  operated  on.     See  Gib- 
son, W. 
Street,  D.,  291 
Stricture    of    rectum,    dilator    for 

(Tiffany),  162 
"    of  urethra,"  165 

dilatation  of,  793 
Students,  beneficiary,  712 

medical,  qualifications  of,  83 
Suit  for  fees,  641,  644 
for  malpractice,  144,  168 
against  treasurer,  151 
Sullivan,  James,  674 
Sun  issued,  695 
Supplee  &  Co.,  149 
Surgeon-General,    U.    S.    A.,    158, 

161 
"Surgeons  of  Baltimore,"  170 
Surgery,  abdominal,  191 

conservative,  of  female  genera- 
tive organs,"  275 
"     plastic,"  837 
Surrender    of    Province    to    Lord 

Baltimore,  644 
Swearingen,  C.,  693 
Sweat  shops,  265 
Sweet  Springs  of  Va.,  44 
Swinton,  Dr.,  652 
Sydenham  Society  publications,  183 
Sykes,  Dr.,  87 

Tabbs,  Barton,  684 
Talbot  Co.,  diseases  of,  75 
Taneyhill,  G.  L.,  170,  182,  203,  211, 

218,  230,  235,  291 
Taylor,  Christian,  689 

Christopher,  657 

I.  B.,  65 

J.,  48 

J.  B.,  691 


Taylor,  R.  T.,  729 

W.,  48 
Telegraph      between      Baltimore 

and  Washington,  699 
Telephone,  208 
Tenotomy  for  strabismus,  807 
Tetanus,  case  of,  71 
Thayer,  W.  S.,  2^2 
Theatre,  first  at  Baltimore,  660 
Theobald,    E.    W.,    116.    120,    700, 
702 
Samuel,  157,   162,  174,   192,  291, 
714,  716 
Thesis,  56,  201,  208 
"Thermantidote,"  167 
Thorn,  L.  P.,  202 
Thomas,  J.  C,  166,  169,  173,  182 
195,  197,  203,  208,  731 
J.   H.,  717 
R.  H.,  197,  706 
P.,  42,  44,  65,  69,  681 
T.,  so,  52,  64,  71,  75,  7^,  82,  84, 
87,  674,  682,  700 
Thompson,  S.,  47,  48,  699 
Thomson,   A.,    47,    650,   651,    652, 
(i()<>,  682 
I.  D.,   167,  717 
Thomsonian  book,  102 
Thomsonians,    96,    98,     loi,     114, 
130,  204,  207,  69s 
authorized  to  practice,  102 
"Thoracentesis    by    pneumatic    as- 
piration," 160 
"Thyroid  feeding  in  insane,"  251 
Tiffany,  L.  M.,  162,  165,  168,  173, 
182,    208,    237,    240,    250, 
291,  714,  715,  716,  727 
Tilden,  W.  B.,  43 
Tilghman,  Richard,  644,  645.  646 
Tilyard,   Mr.,   112 
"Tinnitus  aurium,"  157 
Tobacco  first  cultivated  in  Mary- 
land, 640 
Todd,   Christopher,  701 


883 


INDEX 


Todd,  G.  W.,  730 

Toleration  act,  642 

Toner    library,     offered    and    de- 
clined, 178 
J.  M.,  157,  163,  170,  730 

Tootel,  Richard,  660,  661 

Toy,  J.  D.,  90 

Tracheotomy,  687,  688,  793,  838 

Trade,  wheat,  of  Baltimore,  656 

Transactions,  27,  64,  74,  ^(i,  119, 
129,  13s,  140,  145,  151, 
152,  165,  170,  176,  179,  194, 
198,  211,  227,  228,  236,  238, 
241,  261,  268,  269 
exchange,  164 
Obstetrical  Society,  London,  190 

Transfusion     apparatus,     Donald- 
son's, 159 

Trapnall,  P.,  703 

"Travel  as  a  tonic,"  197 

Treasurer  gives  security,  68,  189 

Treasurers,  list  of,  734 

Trephining,  216,  661,  684,  687 

Trichiniasis,  721 

Trippe,  E.  R.,  232 

Tripoli,  Bey  of,  549 

Troup,  John,  660,  661 

Trustees,  board  of,  245,  246,  249, 
250,  253,  269,  290 
of  building  fund,  195 

"Tuberculosis,  extinction  of,"   242 
of  lip,  725 

Tuesday  Club,  745 

Tumor,   osseous,    attempt   to   re- 
move, 789 

Turnbull,  D.,  85,  689,  693,  787 

Turner,  J.  H.,  703 

Twins,     one     white,     the     other 
black,  751 

Twitchell,  Dr.,  122 

Tyler,  G.,  720 
John,  697 
W.   B.,  88 

"Typhoid  fever,"  246 


Typhoid     and     malarial     infection 

combined,  731 
Tyson,  J.,  287 

"Ulna,   exsection   of,    with   resec- 
tion of  humerus  and  ra- 
dius," 216 
Union  Bank  built,  676 
Universalist  Church,  117,  118 
University,  Baltimore,  721 
Harvard,  177 
Johns    Hopkins,    189,    193,    270, 

290,  709,  710,  839 
Maryland,  54,  57,  63,  83,  84,  85, 
89,  93,   105,   106,  107,   131, 
270,  281,  712,  730 
building,  62,  679 
charter,  63 

faculty  of  arts  and  sciences,  691 
organized,  679 

turned  over  to  trustees,  689 
Newton,  113,  116 
Paris,  187 
Pennsylvania,  44 
Transylvania,  84,  826 
Washington,  696,  701,  702,  708, 
709,   711,   712,   714 
reorganized,  708 
Ureter,     catheterization  of  female, 

272 
"Urinary  calculi,"  813 
Uterus,  rupture  of,  174 

Vaccination,     Beaugency     stock, 
51,  708 
compulsory,  718,  719 
discussed,  265 
endorsed,  46,  49 
Father  of,  48 
gratuitous,  679,  681 
introduction  of  in  America,  48, 
672,  762 
in  Queen  Anne  Co.,  72 
in  Talbot  Co.,  674 


884 


INDEX 


Vaccination  memorial  to  Congress 
on,  68 1 
patent  for  improvement  in,  82, 

687 
relieves  pertussis,  677 
retro,  692 
Vaccine  agency,  92,  93,  687 
state,  707 
animal,  51,  692,  699,  707 
aseptic,  51 

Inquirer,  49,  572,  687 
Institution,  49,  521,  637,  673,  677 

National,  50,  679 
lottery,  677 
physicians,  50,  686,  697,  699,  702, 

711,  717,  719 
Society,  49,  50,  677,  687 
and    variolous    matter,     experi- 
ments   with,   97,    98,    107, 
470.       See    also     Vaccine 
Animal. 
virus,  spurious,  677 
Vagina,  woman  with  double,  165 
Van  Bibber,  Claude,  289 

W.    C,    125,    128,    134,    147,    ISO, 
182,    197,    703,    704,    707, 
709,  727 
Van  Buren  and  Keyes,  164 
"Vertebral    column,    fracture    and 
dislocation    of,     with    re- 
covery," 256 
"Vesical  calculus,   management  of 

in  prostatics,"  273 
Vethake,  J.  W.,  85 
Virchow's  Archives,  258 
"Vital  statistics  of  Baltimore,"  192 
Vivisection,  196 

Wade,  John,  641,  642 
Wakeman,   Edward,  652 
Waldron,  Dr.,  641,  642 
Walker,  George,  648,  650 

James.  648,  649,  654 
Wallace.  M.,  657 


Wallace,  J.,  48,  657,  659 
Wallis,  S.  T.,  728 
Walls,  J.  W.,  168,  708 
Walters,  H.,  289 
War  with  England,  69 
Ward,  Robert,  641,  721 

Thomas,  642 
Warfield,  C.  A.,  52,  61,  64,  65,  69, 
657,  660,  680 

Joshua,  65s 

Mactier,  181 

P-,  705 
Waring,  G.  E.,  206 
Warner,  A.  L.,  693,  700 
Warren,    Edward,    706,    708,    711, 

727 
Washington,     George,    661,    670, 
672,  681 

statue  of,  691 
Water  company,  first  in  U.  S.,  666 
Waterhouse,  B.,  672,  762 
"Waters,  drinking  of  Md.,"   182 

E.  G.,  195,  208 

Jonathan,  62,  65 

William,  136,  140 

Wilson,  694 
Waterton,  John,  645 

Joseph,  646 
Watkins,   Tobias,  676,  683,  704     • 
Way,  Joseph,  37,  669,  671 
Weather,  652,  654 
Webb,  John,  murderer,  15 
Webster,  H.  W.,  710,  728 
Weights  and  measures,  135 
Welch,  W.  H.,  210,  216,  224,  227, 
230,  240,  24s,  252,  270,  273, 
276,  291,  292,  723,  724,  726 
Wells,  chirurgeon,  640 
West,  F.,  174,  716 

Nottingham  Academy,  678 

Point,  497 
Wharton,  Jesse,  646 
White,  Edward,  689 

E.  H.,  142,  708 


885 


INDEX 


White,  J.  C,  52,  71,  81,  678 

Whiteford,  J.  E.,  289 

Whitridge,  J.,  715 

Whittaker,  J.  T.,  240,  243,  291,  732 

Whitworth,  Shadrach,  646 

Wicomico  Co.,  topography  of,  136 

Wiley,  W.  W.,  228 

Wilhelm,  J.  T.,  718 

Widows  and  orphans.  See  Fund 
for. 

Wiesenthal,  A.,  12,  14,  17,  18,  20, 
33,  664,  66s,  668,  669,  670, 
671 
C.  F.,  12,  14,  IS,  16,  17,  ZZ,  34, 
6S2,  6s6,  6s7,  658,  6S9,  660, 
661,  662,  663,  664,  66s 

Wiesenthal's  school,  IS 

Wilkins,  H.,  52,  666,  668,  670,  680, 
700 
Joseph,  12)'^ 

Williams,  J.  W.,  235,  2SS,  292 
P.    C,    148,    ISO,    IS2,    IS9,    173, 
196,  208,  235,  713,  730 

Williamson,  George,  684 

Wilson,  H.  M.,  146,  147,  149,  1S2 
H.  P.  C,  136,  14s,  167,  170,  173, 
174,  184,  2S3,  715,  716,  731 
Sanitarium,  71S,  720 

Winsey,  W.,  177 

Winslow,  C,  729 
R.,   174,  182,  197,  208,  217,  222, 
244,  2SS,  269 

Witch  executed,  646 

Witchcraft  in  Kent  Co.,  647 

Wolfe,  Col.,  741 

Woman,  first  graduate   at   Balti- 
more, 471 
first  regular  physician  at  Balti- 
more, 520 
first  physician  in  Md.,  641 

Woman's  fund,  Johns  Hopkins 
Medical  School,  724,  72s, 
727 


Woman's  Memorial  Building,  728 
Women   admitted,    19s 

and  children,  chair  of,  708,  709 
Wood,  H.  C,  271,  284,  288 

W.  M.,  716 
Woods,  H.,  227,  248,  261 
Woodward,  J.  J.,  166,  720 
Woodworth,  J.  M.,  166,  715 
Woolford,  John,  694 
Wooten,  Simon,  646 
Worrell,  Edward,  67s 
Worthington,  Charles,  694 

John,  666,  667 
Wright,  R.,  720 

T.  H.,  94,  692 
Wroth,  P.,  3S,  87,  89,  96,  97,  121, 

136,  715 
Wynkoop,  James,  12,  664,  665 

Year^  current,  defined,  178 
Yeates,  J.   L.,   125,   126,   129,   131, 

713 
Yellow  fever,  cause  of,  80 
epidemic,  1794,  35 
1797,  35 
1800,  Z7 
1808,  78 
1819-20,  TJ 
"      at   Norfolk  and  Portsmouth, 
what    Baltimore   did   in," 
180 
measures    taken    against     at 
Baltimore  in  i8s5,  180 
Young,  H.  H.,  261,  269 
Young,  J.,  82,  682 
Samuel,  667,  696 
Men's      Christian      Association 
organized,  702 

Ziemssen's  Cyclopaedia,  183 
Zollickofifer.   W.    H.,  92.  93,  68s, 
687,  703,  729 


886 


ERRATA,  ADDITIONS,  Etc. 


Page  71,  I 


nes  10  and  18,  "Nov.  1815"  should  be  "Nov.  1816. 


Page  98,  line  8,  "and"  should  be  "to." 

Page  104,  line  i,  "imperative"  should  be  "inoperative." 

Page  III,  line  3,  "have"  should  be  "leave." 

Page  125,  line  17,  "M.  D.  Baer"  should  be  "M.  S.  Baer." 

Page  167,  line  7,  "Gustave"  should  be  "Gustav." 

Page  182,  line  16,  "consulations"  should  be  "consultations." 

Page  194,  line  14,  "patent"  should  be  "potent." 

Page  242,  line  2,  omit  comma  after  "state." 

Page  255,  line  18,  "Humrickhouse"  should  be  "Humrichouse." 

Page  256,  line  i,  "ater  should  be  "after." 

Page  269,  line  31,  "Harman"  should  be  "Herman." 

Page  273,  line  32,  "homonomous"  should  be  "homonymous." 

Page  297,  line  8,  after  "Assistant"  insert  comma. 

Page  297,  line  13,  "1812"  should  be  "1892." 

Page  298,  line  i,  "Rehohoth"  should  be  "Rehoboth." 

Page  302,  line  17,  "plan"  and  "duty"  should  be  "plain"  and  "daily." 

Page  311,  under  "Baltzell,  John"  add  "Died  Sept.  7,  1854,  aged  79." 

Under  "Baltzell,  Wm.  H.,"the"H."  is  for  "Henry."     After"Born," 

etc.,  add  "July  31,  1833;  son  of  Dr.  John  Baltzell." 
Page  320,  under  "Beucke,  J.  A."  add  "Died  near  Catonsville,  Md., 

October  14,  1858." 
Page  321,    under    "Billingslea,    M.    B."    add  "Died    at    Baltimore, 

Dec.  8,  1902." 
Page  325,  line  4,  "1882-94"  should  be  "1882  and  1894." 
Page    332,    under    "Brewer,    Marbury"  add  "Died     at    Baltimore, 

Jan.  24,  1903." 

Page    339,  under  "Buffington,  J.    A."  after  "began  practice,"  etc., 

"1895"  should  be  "1885."    Alsoadd  "Died  at  New  Windsor,  Carroll  Co. 

Md.,  Oct.  17,  1902." 
Page    342,   under  "Canfield,    W.     B."   after   "Lecturer  on   Clinical 

Medicine,  University  of  Maryland,"  change  comma  to  semi-colon. 
Page  358,  "Colburn"  should  probably  be  "Coulbourn." 
Page  362,  line  14,  "1902"  should  be  "1903." 

887 


ERRATA,  ADDITIONS,  ETC. 

Page  363,  under  "Councell,  T.  A."  add  "Died  at  Baltimore,  Feb. 
18,  1903." 

Page  363,  under  Councilman,  W.  T."  after  "1885,"  insert  "Hon- 
orary, 1898." 

Page  364,  before  "Cox,  C.  C."  place  a  star. 

Page   366,  under  "Crim,  W.    H."  add  "Died    at   Baltimore,  Nov. 

15,  1902." 

Page  367,  under  "Crothers,  R.  R."  add  "until  his  death,' Nov.  8, 
1902." 

Page  379,  under  "Donaldson,  F."  after  "Pharmacy,"  change  '1863- 
66"  to  "1858-63." 

Page  380,  line  5,  "Stuart"  should  be  "Steuart.'' 

Page  380,  under  "Dorsey,  John  W.,"  prefix  star. 

Page  382,  under  "Downey,  J.  W."  "chirugical"  should  be  "chi- 
rurgical." 

Page  385,  line  i,  "accoucher"  should  be  "accoucheur." 

Page  390,  under  "Elliott,  J.  B."  prefix  star. 

Page  402,  after  "Friedenw^.ld,  A."  change  "1875"  to  "about  1870." 

Page  408,  last  line,  after  "Honor"  insert  period. 

Page  409,  under  "Gibson,  J.  G."  at  end  of  first  line,  change  period 
to  comma. 

Page  412,  "Munich,"  line  3,  should  be  "Miinich." 

Page  414,  under  "Goldsmith,  R.  H."  add  "Died  at  Baltimore,  Jan. 
13,  1903." 

Page  418,  under  "Griffith,  R.  E."  prefix  star. 

Page  421,  under  "Hackett  J.  C."  add  "Died  at  Millington,  Jan. 
21,  1903." 

Page  422,  under  "Hall,  Jacob"  the  answer  to  the  question  propounded 
is  '  no;"  the  Edinburgh  "Hall"  was  "James." 

Page  425,  under  "Hammett,  S.  B."  prefix  star. 

Page  432,  under  "Hartwig,  C.  W."  at  end  of  line  4,  for  "1899'' 
put  "1898." 

Page  434,  under  "Hebb,  T.  W."  prefix  star. 

Page  445,  under  "Howard,  W.  T.,"  line  4,  "University  of  Maryland" 
should  be  "Baltimore  Almshouse." 

Page  454,  under  "Jennings,  S.  K."  after  "Healing"  insert  quotation 
mark. 

Page  461,  under  "Jones,  John  J."  "of  Frostburg,  Md."  should  be 
placed  after  1892. 

Page  472,  under  "Laroque,  A.''  prefix  star. 

Page  511,  under  "Morris,  J."  add  "Died  at  Baltimore,  Jan.  29,  1903." 

Page  513,  under  "Mosher,  W."  add  "Died  1869." 

Page    513,  under  "Motter,  G.  T."  add  "Died    at  Taneytown,  Jan. 

16,  1903." 


ERRATA,  ADDITIONS,  ETC. 

Page  523,  under  "Ohr,   C.    H."  add   "Died  at  Cumberland,  March 
3,  1903-" 
Page  532,  under  "Peterman,  H.  E,"  change  "640  W.  Franklin"  to 

"649." 

Page  535,  line  7,  "825  St.  Paul"  should  be  "20  E.  Eager." 

Page  539,  "Preston,  George  Jenkins"  should  be  "Preston,  George 
Junkin." 

Page  545,  "Rees,  J.  T."  may  have  been  "Reese,  J.  T."  See  also  in 
index. 

Page  545,  "MD.''  under  same  should  be  "M.  D." 

Page  549,  after  "Ridgely,  John"  insert  period. 

Page  563,  under  "Selby,  W.  O."  after  Md.  insert  period. 

Page  590,  after  "Temple"'  insert  comma. 

Page  594,  line  7,  "1815"  should  be  "1816," 

Page  596,  transfer  "and  probably  A.  B."  from  "Charles  Tilden"  to 
"W.  B.  Tilden." 

Page  618,  under  "White,  J.  C."  change  "Belfast"  to  "Temple- 
patrick"  and  add  "Died  Aug.,  1847,  aged  90.'' 

Page  627,  under  "Winslow,  Caleb"  "Haverfor,"  line  2,  should  be 
"Haverford." 

Page  661,  line  25,  "Gilder"  should  be  "Guilder." 

Page  666,  line  18,  "Clagett"  should  be  "Claggett." 

Page  693,  line  8,  "Hannah  Moore"  should  be  "Hannah  More." 

Page  708,  line  12,  '.'Curry"  should  be  "Currey." 

Page  721,  line  27,  "Colburn"  should  probably  be  "Coulbourn." 


889 


